D&A: Joe Biden's Spy Boys

Department
of
Defense
Key Officials
September 1947–JUNE 2019
Historical Office
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Introductory Note
This compilation, prepared by the Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary
of Defense (OSD), presents information about the Department of Defense (DoD)
organization and its key officials since its establishment in 1947.
The scope of the work is a Department-wide listing of senior officials, but it does not
purport to be comprehensive. “Key Officials” is not official terminology, nor is this
a top-down listing of officials in order of precedence or reporting authority. It lists
both presidentially-appointed, Senate-confirmed (PAS) as well as non-PAS officials.
It includes civilian officials in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the military
departments as well as the top leadership of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), the
Combatant Commands, and certain DoD field activities and Defense agencies.
This compilation includes titles of some official positions that have been superseded
by new titles or organizational changes. The text indicates all instances where this has
occurred. Where an official position has a direct lineal predecessor with a similar scope
of functions, the prior position is either included with the current position or the text
indicates where the prior position can be found elsewhere in the publication.
In most entries, the effective date of incumbency is either the swearing-in date or initial
appointment date. Officials assume office after being appointed to the positions, usually
followed by a ceremonial swearing in days or weeks later. Dates of DoD directives
establishing the responsibilities of positions and prescribing functions may appear
months or sometimes years later. Human resources personnel records, especially for
the first several decades of the Department, are imperfect. Offices are often without
a permanent appointee for periods ranging from days to years. During many of these
periods, there are officials in an “acting” or a “performing the duties of ” capacity. In
other instances, there is no indication of an acting official, and a time gap is evident.
Since the enactment of the Federal Vacancies Act of 1998, as amended, designation of
acting officials and the statutory limitations on how long they are authorized to use the
designation of “acting” is more closely managed.
This edition corrects errors that appeared in the 2004 edition and brings the information
up to date (as of June 2019). Please call any errors that appear in this publication to the
attention of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Historical Office. Updates to this
compilation are available at history.defense.gov.
DoD Key Officials 1

2 DoD Key Officials
Contents
Introductory Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
I. Current Department of Defense Key Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
II. Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
III. Deputy Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
IV. Chief Management Officers of the Department of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
V. Secretaries of the Military Departments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

A. Army
B. Navy
C. Air Force
VI. Joint Chiefs of Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

A. Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
B. Vice Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
C. Chiefs of Staff of the Army
D. Chiefs of Naval Operations
E. Chiefs of Staff of the Air Force
F. Commandants of the Marine Corps
G. Chiefs of the National Guard Bureau
H. Directors of the Joint Staff
VII. Under Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

A. Research and Engineering
B. Acquisition and Sustainment
C. Policy
D. Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer
E. Personnel and Readiness
F. Intelligence
VIII. Specified Officials* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

A. Directors of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation
DoD Key Officials 3

B. Directors of Operational Test and Evaluation
C. General Counsels of the Department of Defense
D. Inspectors General of the Department of Defense
IX. Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

C. Policy
F. Intelligence
X. Assistant Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

A. Current Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions
1. Acquisition
2. Asian and Pacific Security Affairs
3. Energy, Installations, and Environment
4. Health Affairs
5. Homeland Defense and Global Security
6. International Security Affairs
7. Legislative Affairs
8. Sustainment
9. Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs
10. Readiness
11. Manpower and Reserve Affairs
12. Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict
13. Strategy, Plans, and Capabilities
B. Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions
1. Administration
2. Civil Defense
3. Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence
4. Comptroller
5. Public Affairs
6. Manpower
7. Research and Engineering
8. Security Policy
9. Supply, Logistics, and Installations
4 DoD Key Officials

XI. Other OSD Principal Staff Assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
A. Assistants to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs
B. Chief Information Officer
C. Directors of Net Assessment
XII. Combatant Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

A. Current Commands
U.S. Africa Command (Kelley Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany)
U.S. Central Command (MacDill AFB, Tampa, FL)
U.S. European Command (Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany)
U.S. Northern Command (Peterson AFB, CO)
U.S. Pacific Command (Camp H. M. Smith, HI)
U.S. Southern Command (Miami, FL)
U.S. Special Operations Command (MacDill AFB, Tampa, FL)
U.S. Strategic Command (Offutt AFB, NE)
U.S. Transportation Command (Scott AFB, IL)
U.S. Cyber Command (Fort Meade, MD)
B. Disestablished Commands
U.S. Aerospace Defense Command: Disestablished 19 December 1986
U.S. Alaskan Command: Disestablished 30 June 1975
U.S. Atlantic Command: Redesignated U.S. Joint Forces Command 1 October 1999
U.S. Continental Air Defense Command: Disestablished 30 June 1975
U.S. Far East Command: Disestablished 1 July 1957
U.S. Joint Forces Command: Disestablished 4 August 2011
U.S. Forces Command: Terminated as a Specified Command 1 October 1993;
became an Army Command
U.S. Military Airlift Command: Terminated as a Specified Command 1 October 1988
U.S. Naval Forces, Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean: Disestablished 1 December 1963
U.S. Northeast Command: Disestablished 1 September 1956
U.S. Readiness Command: Disestablished 30 September 1987
U.S. Space Command: Merged with U.S. Strategic Command 1 October 2002
U.S. Strategic Air Command: Disestablished 1 June 1992
U.S. Strike Command: Disestablished 31 December 1971
XIII. Defense Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

A. Current Defense Agencies
1. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
2. Defense Commissary Agency
DoD Key Officials 5

3. Defense Contract Audit Agency
4. Defense Contract Management Agency
5. Defense Finance and Accounting Service
6. Defense Health Agency
7. Defense Information Systems Agency
8. Defense Intelligence Agency
9. Defense Legal Services Agency
10. Defense Logistics Agency
11. Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
12. Defense Security Cooperation Agency
13. Defense Security Service
14. Defense Threat Reduction Agency
15. Missile Defense Agency
16. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
17. National Reconnaissance Office
18. National Security Agency/Central Security Service
19. Pentagon Force Protection Agency
B. Disestablished Defense Agencies
1. Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
2. Central Imagery Office
3. Defense Audiovisual Agency
4. Defense Audit Service
5. Defense Business Transformation Agency
6. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency
7. Defense Communications Agency
8. Defense Investigative Service
9. Defense Mapping Agency
10. Defense Nuclear Agency
11. Defense Security Assistance Agency
12. Defense Special Weapons Agency
13. Defense Supply Agency
14. National Imagery and Mapping Agency
15. On-Site Inspection Agency
16. Strategic Defense Initiative Organization
XIV. Department of Defense Field Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

A. Defense Media Activity
B. Defense Technical Information Center
6 DoD Key Officials

C. Defense Technology Security Administration
D. Department of Defense Education Activity
E. Department of Defense Human Resources Activity
F. Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center
G. Office of Economic Adjustment
H. Washington Headquarters Services
DoD Key Officials 7

8 DoD Key Officials
I. Current Department of Defense
Key Officials
(not in order of succession or order of precedence)
Secretary of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mark T. Esper (Acting)

Deputy Secretary of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . David L. Norquist (Performing the Duties of)
Chief Management Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lisa W. Hershman (Acting)
Secretary of the Army . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ryan McCarthy (Acting)
Secretary of the Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard V. Spencer
Secretary of the Air Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew P. Donovan (Acting)
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Joseph F. Dunford Jr., USMC
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ellen M. Lord
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alan R. Shaffer
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kevin M. Fahey
Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Energy, Installations, and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lucian L. Niemeyer
Sustainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert H. McMahon
Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological
Defense Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alan R. Shaffer (Acting)
Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael D. Griffin
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lisa Porter
Under Secretary of Defense for Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John C. Rood
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . David J. Trachtenberg
Asian and Pacific Security Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Randall G. Schriver
Homeland Defense and Global Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kenneth Rapuano
International Security Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Katryn Wheelbarger (Acting)
Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owen O. West
Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Strategy, Plans, and Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James H. Anderson
DoD Key Officials 9

Current DoD Key Officials
Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . David L. Norquist
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elaine A. McCusker

Under Secretary of Defense
for Personnel and Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James Stewart (Performing the duties of)
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vacant
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vacant
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomas McCaffery (Acting)

for Manpower and Reserve Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia Penrod (Acting)
Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joseph D. Kernan
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kari A. Bingen
Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.Y. (Yisroel) Brumer (Acting)
Director of Operational Test and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert F. Behler
General Counsel of the Department of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul Ney
Inspector General of the Department of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glenn A. Fine (Acting)
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert R. Hood
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jonathan Hoffman
Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dana Deasy
Director, Net Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James H. Baker
10 DoD Key Officials

II. Secretaries of Defense
JAMES V. FORRESTAL . . . . . 17 SEPTEMBER 1947–28 MARCH 1949

• Born 15 February 1892; died 22 May 1949
• Served in U.S. Navy during World War I
• Dillon, Read, and Company, 1916–1940
• Under Secretary of the Navy, 1940–1944
• Secretary of the Navy, 1944–1947
LOUIS A. JOHNSON . . . . . . . . 28 MARCH 1949–19 SEPTEMBER 1950
• Born 10 January 1891; died 24 April 1966
• Served in U.S. Army in France during World War I
• Practicing lawyer
• Helped found American Legion (National Commander, 1932–1933)
• Assistant Secretary of War, June 1937–July 1940
GEORGE C. MARSHALL . . . 21 SEPTEMBER 1950–12 SEPTEMBER 1951
• Born 31 December 1880; died 16 October 1959
• Commissioned in U.S. Army in 1902
• Became U.S. Army Chief of Staff in September 1939, serving throughout World
War II until November 1945
• Secretary of State, 1947–1949
• President of American Red Cross, 1949–1950
• Appointment as Secretary of Defense required a special congressional waiver
because the National Security Act prohibited a military officer from serving as
Secretary if he had been on Active duty within the previous 10 years.
ROBERT A. LOVETT . . . . . . . 17 SEPTEMBER 1951–20 JANUARY 1953
• Born 14 September 1895; died 7 May 1986
• Served in U.S. Navy as a pilot in World War I
• Brown Brothers Harriman and Company, 1926–1940; 1946–1947; 1949–1950
• Special Assistant to the Secretary of War beginning in December 1940; Assistant
Secretary of War for Air, April 1941–December 1945
• Under Secretary of State, 1947–1949
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 4 October 1950–16 September 1951
CHARLES E. WILSON . . . . . 28 JANUARY 1953–8 OCTOBER 1957
• Born 18 July 1890; died 26 September 1961
• Westinghouse Electric Company, 1909–1919
• General Motors Corporation, 1919–1952 (president, 1941–1952)
NEIL H. McELROY . . . . . . . . . 9 OCTOBER 1957–1 DECEMBER 1959
• Born 30 October 1904; died 30 November 1972
• Procter and Gamble, 1925–1957 (president, 1948–1957)
THOMAS S. GATES JR. . . . . . 2 DECEMBER 1959–20 JANUARY 1961
• Born 10 April 1906; died 25 March 1983
• Served in U.S. Navy during World War II
• Drexel and Company, 1928–1953
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 8 June 1959—1 December 1959
DoD Key Officials 11

Secretaries of Defense
ROBERT S. McNAMARA . . . . 21 JANUARY 1961–29 FEBRUARY 1968

• Born 9 June 1916; died 6 July 2009
• Served in U.S. Army Air Forces, 1943–1946
• With Ford Motor Company, including as president and director, 1946–1961
• President of the World Bank, 1968–1981
CLARK M. CLIFFORD . . . . . 1 MARCH 1968–20 JANUARY 1969
• Born 25 December 1906; died 10 October 1998
• Served in U.S. Navy during World War II; naval aide to the President, 1944–1946
• Special counsel to the President, 1946–1950
• Practicing lawyer, 1950–1968
MELVIN R. LAIRD . . . . . . . . . 22 JANUARY 1969–29 JANUARY 1973
• Born 1 September 1922; died 16 November 2016
• Served in U.S. Navy, 1942–1946
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Wisconsin, 1953–1969
ELLIOT L. RICHARDSON . . . 30 JANUARY 1973–24 MAY 1973
• Born 20 July 1920; died 31 December 1999
• Served in U.S. Army, 1942–1945
• Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), 1957–1959
• Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, 1965–1967
• Under Secretary of State, 1969–1970
• Secretary of HEW, 1970–1973
• U.S. Attorney General, 1973–1973
JAMES R. SCHLESINGER . . . 2 JULY 1973–19 NOVEMBER 1975
• Born 15 February 1929; died 27 March 2014
• RAND Corporation, 1963–1967
• Assistant Director of the Bureau of the Budget, 1969
• Assistant Director of the Office of Management and Budget, 1970–1971
• Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, 1971–1973
• Director of Central Intelligence, 1973
• First Secretary of the new Department of Energy, 1977–1979
DONALD H. RUMSFELD . . . 20 NOVEMBER 1975–20 JANUARY 1977
• Born 9 July 1932
• Served in U.S. Navy as a pilot in the 1950s
• Member of Congress from Illinois, 1963–1969
• Assistant and counselor to President Richard Nixon, 1969
• Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity and Director of the Cost of
Living Council
• U.S. Ambassador to NATO, 1973–1974
• Assistant to President Gerald Ford serving as Director of the White House Office
of Operations, 1974–1975
• Chief executive officer of G.D. Searle and Company, 1977–1985
• In private business, 1985–1990
• Chairman and chief executive officer, General Instrument Corporation, 1990–
1993
• In private business, 1993–2001
HAROLD BROWN . . . . . . . . . 21 JANUARY 1977–20 JANUARY 1981
• Born 19 September 1927; died 4 January 2019
• Staff member, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, 1952–1960; president, 1960–
1961

• Director of Defense Research and Engineering, 1961–1965

• Secretary of the Air Force, 1965–1969
• President, California Institute of Technology, 1969–1977
CASPAR W. WEINBERGER . . 21 JANUARY 1981–23 NOVEMBER 1987
• Born 18 August 1917; died 28 March 2006
• Served in U.S. Army during World War II, member of General Douglas
MacArthur’s intelligence staff
• Director of the Office of Management and Budget, 1972–1973
• Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1973–1975
• General counsel, vice president, and director of the Bechtel Corporation, 1975–
1981
FRANK C. CARLUCCI . . . . . . 23 NOVEMBER 1987–20 JANUARY 1989*
• Born 18 October 1930; died 3 June 2018
• Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, 1970–1972
• Under Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1972–1974
• Ambassador to Portugal, 1975–1978
• Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, 1978–1981
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 4 February 1981–31 December 1982
• National Security Advisor, 1986–1987
*Deputy Secretary of Defense William H. Taft served as acting Secretary of Defense from 20 January 1989 until 21 March 1989.
RICHARD B. CHENEY . . . . . . 21 MARCH 1989–20 JANUARY 1993

• Born 30 January 1941
• Special Assistant to the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, 1969–
1970
• Deputy to the Presidential Counselor, 1970–1971
• Assistant Director of Operations of the Cost of Living Council, 1971–1973
• Assistant to the President, 1975–1977
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming, 1978–1989
LESLIE (LES) ASPIN . . . . . . . 20 JANUARY 1993–3 FEBRUARY 1994
• Born 21 July 1938; died 21 May 1995
• Taught economics at Marquette University, 1968–1970
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Wisconsin, 1971–1993
(Chairman, House Armed Services Committee, 1985–1993)
WILLIAM J. PERRY . . . . . . . . 3 FEBRUARY 1994–24 JANUARY 1997
• Born 11 October 1927
• Director of Sylvania/GTE Defense Electronic Laboratories, 1954–1964
• President of ESL Inc., 1964–1977
• Director of Defense Research and Engineering, April–October 1977
• Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, 1977–1981
• Director of Stanford University Center for International Security and Arms
Control, 1989–1993
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, March 1993–February 1994
WILLIAM S. COHEN . . . . . . . 24 JANUARY 1997–20 JANUARY 2001
• Born 28 August 1940
• Mayor of Bangor, Maine, 1971–1972

• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, 1973–1979

• U.S. Senator from Maine, 1979–1997
DONALD H. RUMSFELD . . . 20 JANUARY 2001–18 DECEMBER 2006
• See previous entry
ROBERT M. GATES . . . . . . . . 18 DECEMBER 2006–1 JULY 2011
• Born 25 September 1943
• Served in U.S. Air Force intelligence, 1967–1969
• Central Intelligence Agency, 1966–1974
• National Security Council staff, 1974–1979
• Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Deputy National
Security Advisor, 1989–1991
• Director of Central Intelligence, 1991–1993
• Interim Dean, George Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas
A&M University, 1999–2001
• President, Texas A&M University, 2002–2006
LEON E. PANETTA . . . . . . . . . 1 JULY 2011–26 FEBRUARY 2013
• Born 28 June 1938
• Served in U.S. Army intelligence, 1964–1966
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from California, 1977–1993
(Chairman, House Budget Committee, 1989–1993)
• Director, Office of Management and Budget, 1993–1994
• White House Chief of Staff, 1994–1997
• Director of Central Intelligence, 2009–2011
CHARLES T. HAGEL . . . . . . . 27 FEBRUARY 2013–17 FEBRUARY 2015
• Born 4 October 1946
• Served in U.S. Army, Infantry, 1967–1968
• Deputy Administrator, U.S. Veterans Administration, 1981–1982
• President and chief executive officer of the Private Sector Council, 1990–1992
• President, McCarthy & Co., 1992–1996
• Member of U.S. Senate from Nebraska, 1996–2009
ASHTON B. CARTER . . . . . . . 17 FEBRUARY 2015–19 JANUARY 2017
• Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, 1993–1996
• Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, 2009–
2011
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 6 October 2011–3 December 2013
• Senior Executive, John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, Inc., 2014
• Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Hoover Institution
• Board of Directors, Atlantic Council of the United States
JAMES N. MATTIS . . . . . . . . 20 JANUARY 2017–31 DECEMBER 2018
• Commissioned in U.S. Marine Corps, 1971
• NATO Supreme Allied Commander for Transformation, 2007-2010
• Commander, USCENTCOM, 2010-2013
• Davies Family Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Hoover Institution, 2014-2017
PATRICK M. SHANAHAN . . . 1 JANUARY 2019–23 JUNE 2019 (Acting)
• See profile in part III, Deputy Secretaries of Defense

MARK T. ESPER . . . . . . . . . . . 24 JUNE 2019–PRESENT (Acting)
• See Profile in part V, Secretaries of the Military Departments

Deputy Secretaries of Defense
III. Deputy Secretaries of Defense

PL 81-36, 2 April 1949, originally established this position as Under Secretary of Defense. PL 81-216, 10
August 1949, the 1949 Amendments to the National Security Act of 1947, changed the title to Deputy Secretary
of Defense.
PL 92-596, 27 October 1972, established a second Deputy position, with both Deputies performing duties as
prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. The second deputy position was not filled until December 1975. PL
95-140, 21 October 1977, the law establishing two Under Secretaries of Defense, abolished the second Deputy
position.
By delegation, the Deputy Secretary of Defense has full power and authority to act for the Secretary of Defense
and to exercise the powers of the Secretary on any and all matters for which the Secretary is authorized to act
pursuant to the law.
STEPHEN T. EARLY . . . . . . . 10 AUGUST 1949–30 SEPTEMBER 1950

• Born 27 August 1889; died 11 August 1951
• Served in U.S. Army in France, World War I
• Journalist
• Assistant to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933–1945
• Under Secretary of Defense, 2 May 1949–9 August 1949, when the position title
changed.
ROBERT A. LOVETT . . . . . . 4 OCTOBER 1950–16 SEPTEMBER 1951
• Secretary of Defense, 17 September 1951—20 January 1953 (see profile in part
II, Secretaries of Defense)
WILLIAM C. FOSTER . . . . . 24 SEPTEMBER 1951–20 JANUARY 1953
• Born 27 April 1897; died 16 October 1984
• Served in U.S. Army in World War I
• Under Secretary of Commerce, 1946–1948
• Administrator of the Economic Cooperation Administration, 1948–1951
ROGER M. KYES . . . . . . . . . 2 FEBRUARY 1953–1 MAY 1954
• Born 6 March 1906; died 13 February 1971
• General Motors Corporation, 1950–1953; 1959–1970
ROBERT B. ANDERSON . . . 3 MAY 1954–4 AUGUST 1955
• Born 4 June 1910; died 14 August 1989
• Practicing lawyer; various local government offices in Texas
• Secretary of the Treasury, 1957–1961
REUBEN B. ROBERTSON JR. 5 AUGUST 1955–25 APRIL 1957
• Born 27 June 1908; died 13 March 1960
• Served in U.S. Army in World War II
• Champion Paper and Fibre Company, 1930–1955 and 1957–1960 (president,
1950–1955 and 1957–1960)
• Vice chairman of the Committee on Business Organization of the Department of
Defense, a task force of the Hoover Commission
DONALD A. QUARLES . . . . 1 MAY 1957–8 MAY 1959
• Born 30 July 1894; died 8 May 1959
• Served in U.S. Army in World War I

• Engineer with Bell Telephone Laboratories from 1919

• President of Sandia Corporation, 1952
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research and Development), 1953–1955
THOMAS S. GATES JR. . . . . 8 JUNE 1959–1 DECEMBER 1959
• Secretary of Defense, 2 December 1959–20 January 1961 (see profile in part II,
Secretaries of Defense)
JAMES H. DOUGLAS JR. . . 11 DECEMBER 1959–24 JANUARY 1961
• Born 11 March 1899; died 24 February 1988
• Served in U.S. Army, 1918, and U.S. Army Air Forces, 1942–1945
• Under Secretary of the Air Force, 1953–1957
ROSWELL L. GILPATRIC . . 24 JANUARY 1961–20 JANUARY 1964
• Born 4 November 1906; died 15 March 1996
• Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, 5 May 1951–29 October 1951
CYRUS R. VANCE . . . . . . . . 28 JANUARY 1964–30 JUNE 1967
• Born 27 March 1917; died 12 January 2002
• Special counsel of the Senate Armed Services Preparedness Investigating
Subcommittee
• General Counsel of the Department of Defense, 1961–1962
• Secretary of the Army, 1962–1964
PAUL H. NITZE . . . . . . . . . . . 1 JULY 1967–20 JANUARY 1969
• Born 27 March 1917; died 12 January 2002
• Dillon, Read, and Company, 1929–1937
• Served in various capacities with the U.S. Government during World War II
before becoming director, then vice chairman, of the U.S. Strategic Bombing
Survey, 1944–1946
• U.S. Department of State, 1946–1953
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs), 1961–1963
DAVID PACKARD . . . . . . . . 24 JANUARY 1969–13 DECEMBER 1971
• 7 September 1912; died 26 March 1996
• Hewlett-Packard Company, 1939–1969 (president, 1947–1964, and chief
executive officer, 1964–1969)
KENNETH RUSH . . . . . . . . . 23 FEBRUARY 1972–29 JANUARY 1973
• Born 17 January 1910; died 11 December 1994
• Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany, 1969–1972
• Became Deputy Secretary of State after his tenure as Deputy Secretary of
Defense
WILLIAM P. CLEMENTS JR. 30 JANUARY 1973–20 JANUARY 1977
• Born 13 April 1917; died 29 May 2011
• Member of the Department of Defense Blue Ribbon Defense Panel, 1969–1970
• Governor of Texas, 1979–1983, 1987–1991

ROBERT F. ELLSWORTH . . 23 DECEMBER 1975–10 JANUARY 1977*

• Born 11 June 1926; died 9 May 2011
• Member of Congress from Kansas, 1961–1967
*Filled the position of Second Deputy Secretary of Defense, created by PL 92-956 in 1972 but not previously filled. Position was
abolished by PL 95-140, 21 October 1977.
CHARLES W. DUNCAN JR. . 31 JANUARY 1977–26 JULY 1979

• Coca-Cola Company, 1964–1974 (president, 1971–1974)
• Became Secretary of Energy upon completion of tenure as Deputy Secretary of
Defense
W. GRAHAM CLAYTOR JR. 24 AUGUST 1979–16 JANUARY 1981
• Born 14 March 1912; died 14 May 1994
• President and chairman of the Southern Railway Company, 1967–1977
• Acting Secretary of Transportation, 1979
FRANK C. CARLUCCI . . . . . 4 FEBRUARY 1981–31 DECEMBER 1982
• Secretary of Defense, 23 November 1987–20 January 1989 (see profile in part II,
W. PAUL THAYER . . . . . . . . 12 JANUARY 1983–4 JANUARY 1984
• Born 23 November 1919; died 6 May 2010
• Chance Vought (later LTV Aerospace Corporation)
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT IV 3 FEBRUARY 1984–22 APRIL 1989
• Office of Management and Budget, 1970–1973
• Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1973–1977
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 1984–1989
• Acting Secretary of Defense from Secretary Frank Carlucci’s departure on 20
January 1989 until the swearing in of Secretary Richard B. Cheney on 21 March
1989
• Permanent Representative of the United States to the North Atlantic Council after
his tenure as Deputy Secretary of Defense
DONALD J. ATWOOD JR. . . 24 APRIL 1989–20 JANUARY 1993
• Born 25 May 1924; died 24 April 1994
• General Motors Corporation, 1959–1985
WILLIAM J. PERRY . . . . . . . 5 MARCH 1993–3 FEBRUARY 1994
• Secretary of Defense, 3 February 1994–24 January 1997 (see profile in part II,
JOHN M. DEUTCH . . . . . . . . 11 MARCH 1994–10 MAY 1995
• Systems analyst, Office of Secretary of Defense, 1961–1965
• Professor, Princeton, 1967–1970, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology

(MIT), 1970–1982
• Provost, MIT, 1985–1990
• Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology), 1993–1994
JOHN P. WHITE . . . . . . . . . . . 22 JUNE 1995–15 JULY 1997
• Born 27 February 1937; died 3 September 2017
• Economist with RAND Corporation, 1968–1977
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Logistics),
1977–1978
• Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget, 1978–1981
• Chairman, Commission on Roles and Missions of the Armed Forces, 1994–1995
JOHN J. HAMRE . . . . . . . . . . 29 JULY 1997–31 MARCH 2000
• Congressional Budget Office, 1978–1984
• Staff member, Senate Armed Services Committee, 1984–1993
• Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), 1993– 1997
RUDY deLEON . . . . . . . . . . . 31 MARCH 2000–1 MARCH 2001
• Born 28 August 1952
• Legislative assistant, U.S. Senate, 1974–1977
• Staff member, House Armed Services Committee, 1985–1989
• Staff director, House Armed Services Committee, 1989–1993
• Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, 1993–1994
• Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), 1997–2000
PAUL D. WOLFOWITZ . . . . . 2 MARCH 2001–13 MAY 2005
• Born 22 December 1943
• U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1973–1977
• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Regional Programs, 1977–1980
• State Department, 1981–1986
• Ambassador to Indonesia, 1986–1989
• Under Secretary of Defense (Policy), 1989–1993
• Dean, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, 1993–2001
GORDON R. ENGLAND . . . 4 JANUARY 2006–11 FEBRUARY 2009
• 15 September 1937
• Honeywell, Litton Industries, and General Dynamics
• Secretary of the Navy, 24 May 2001–24 January 2003; 1 October 2003–29
December 2005
• Deputy Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, 24 January 2003–30
September 2003
• Acting Deputy Secretary of Defense, 13 May 2005–3 January 2006
WILLIAM J. LYNN III . . . . . 12 FEBRUARY 2009–5 OCTOBER 2011
• Liaison to Senate Armed Services Committee for Senator Edward Kennedy,
1987–1993
• Director, Program Analysis and Evaluation in the Office of the Secretary of
Defense, 1993–1997
• Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), 1997–2001
• Senior vice president, government operations and strategy, Raytheon Company,
2002–2009

Secretaries of the Military Departments
ASHTON B. CARTER . . . . . . 6 OCTOBER 2011–4 DECEMBER 2013

• (see profile in part II, Secretaries of Defense)
CHRISTINE H. FOX (Acting) 5 DECEMBER 2013–30 APRIL 2014
• Born 26 May 1955
• President of the Center for Naval Analyses, 2004–2009
• Director, Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, 2009–2013
• Senior Advisor, National Security Analysis Department at The Johns Hopkins
University, 2013
ROBERT O. WORK . . . . . . . 5 MAY 2014–19 JUNE 2017
• Served in U.S. Marine Corps, 1974–2001
• Vice President, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 2002-2009
• President, Center for New American Security, 2013-2014
PATRICK M. SHANAHAN . 19 JUNE 2017–23 JUNE 2019
• Born 27 June 1962
• Vice President and General Manager, Missile Defense Systems, The Boeing
Company, 2004-2007
• Vice President and General Manager, 787 Dreamliner Program, The Boeing
Company, 2007-2009
• Senior Vice President & General Manager, Airplane Programs, Boeing
Commercial Airplanes, The Boeing Company, 2009-2016
• Senior Vice President, Supply Chain & Operations, The Boeing Company, 2016-2017
• Acting Secretary of Defense, 1 January 2019–
DAVID L. NORQUIST . . . . . . . . 1 JANUARY 2019–PRESENT
(Performing the duties of)

IV. Chief Management Officers of the

Department of Defense
The Chief Management Office (CMO) was created under Public Law 114–328 in the National Defense
Authorization Act (NDAA) of 2017, amended in NDAA 2018. The CMO is responsible for managing the
business operations of the Department, establishing policies on, and supervising, all business operations of the
Department, including business transformation, business planning and processes, performance management, and
business information technology management and improvement activities and programs, including the allocation
of resources for business operations, and unifying business management efforts across the Department. The
CMO will also serve as the principal advisor to the Secretary on all business operations activities and programs
in the Department; and has the authority to direct the Secretaries of the military departments and the heads
of all other elements of the Department with regard to matters for which the Chief Management Officer has
responsibility.
John H. Gibson II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 February 2018–30 November 2018

Lisa W. Hershman (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 December 2018–Present

V. Secretaries of the Military Departments

The National Security Act of 1947 established three military departments—the Department of the Army (renaming
of the former War Department), the Department of the Navy (comprised of the Navy and Marine Corps), and the
newly created Department of the Air Force. All three were executive departments, each headed by a Secretary.
The amendments of 1949 (PL 81-216, 10 August 1949) changed the status of the departments from “executive”
to “military,” the Secretaries thus giving up their seats in the Cabinet and the National Security Council. On 31
December 1958, the Secretary of Defense issued DoD Directive 5100.1 establishing two command lines, one for
operational direction of the armed forces through the JCS to unified and specified commands and the second for the
direction of support activities through the Secretaries of the military departments.
A. Army
KENNETH C. ROYALL . . . . . 18 SEPTEMBER 1947–27 APRIL 1949
• Served in U.S. Army in World Wars I and II
• Under Secretary of War, 9 November 1945–18 July 1947
• Secretary of War, 19 July 1947–17 September 1947
GORDON GRAY . . . . . . . . . . . 20 JUNE 1949–12 APRIL 1950
• Publishing and radio, 1935–1947
• Assistant Secretary of the Army, 1947–1949
• Special Assistant to the President, 1950
FRANK PACE JR. . . . . . . . . . 12 APRIL 1950–20 JANUARY 1953
• Assistant Director and then Director of the Bureau of the Budget, 1948–1950
ROBERT T. STEVENS . . . . . . 4 FEBRUARY 1953–20 JULY 1955
• Served in U.S. Army in World Wars I and II
• J.P. Stevens and Company, Inc., 1921–1942, 1945–1953
WILBER M. BRUCKER . . . . . 21 JULY 1955–20 JANUARY 1961
• Served with National Guard on Mexican border in 1916 and with U.S. Army in
World War I
• Governor of Michigan, 1930–1932
• Counsel of the Department of Defense, 1954–1955
ELVIS J. STAHR JR. . . . . . . . 24 JANUARY 1961–30 JUNE 1962
• Served in U.S. Army in World War II
• Special Assistant to Secretary of the Army, 1951–1952
• President, University of West Virginia, 1959–1961
CYRUS R. VANCE . . . . . . . . . 5 JULY 1962–27 JANUARY 1964
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 28 January 1964–30 June 1967 (see profile in part
III, Deputy Secretaries of Defense)
STEPHEN AILES . . . . . . . . . . . 28 JANUARY 1964–1 JULY 1965
• Counsel to U.S. Economic Mission to Greece, 1947
• Under Secretary of the Army, 1961–1964
STANLEY R. RESOR . . . . . . . 5 JULY 1965–30 JUNE 1971

• Under Secretary of the Army, April–July 1965
• Under Secretary of Defense (Policy), 1978–1979
ROBERT F. FROEHLKE . . . . . 1 JULY 1971–14 MAY 1973
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Administration), 1969–1971
HOWARD H. CALLAWAY . . . 15 MAY 1973–3 JULY 1975
• Served in U.S. Army in Korea, 1949–1952
• Member of Congress from Georgia, 1965–1967
MARTIN R. HOFFMANN . . . . 5 AUGUST 1975–13 FEBRUARY 1977
CLIFFORD L. ALEXANDER JR. . 14 FEBRUARY 1977–20 JANUARY 1981
• Special Assistant to the President, 1964–1965
• Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1967–1969
PERCY A. PIERRE (Acting) . . 21–30 JANUARY 1981
JOHN O. MARSH JR. . . . . . . . 30 JANUARY 1981–13 AUGUST 1989
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia, 1963–1971
• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs, 1973–1974
• Assistant to the Vice President, 1974
• Counselor to the President, 1974–1977
MICHAEL P.W. STONE . . . . . 14 AUGUST 1989–20 JANUARY 1993
• Sterling Vineyards, 1968–1982
• Director of U.S. Mission in Cairo, 1982–1984
JOHN W. SHANNON (Acting) 20 JANUARY 1993–26 AUGUST 1993
• Concurrently Under Secretary of the Army and Acting Secretary of the Army
GORDON R. SULLIVAN (Acting) 28 AUGUST 1993–21 NOVEMBER 1993
• Concurrently Chief of Staff of the Army and Acting Secretary of the Army
TOGO D. WEST JR. . . . . . . . . 22 NOVEMBER 1993–4 MAY 1997
• Associate Deputy Attorney, Department of Justice, 1975–1976
• General Counsel of the Department of the Navy, 1977–1979
• Special Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense, 1979–1980
• DoD General Counsel, 1980–1981
ROBERT M. WALKER (Acting) 2 JANUARY 1998–2 JULY 1998
LOUIS CALDERA . . . . . . . . . . 2 JULY 1998–20 JANUARY 2001

• California State Assemblyman, 1992–1997

• Managing director and chief operating officer, Corporation for National Service,
1997–1998
GREGORY R. DAHLBERG (Acting) 20 JANUARY 2001–4 MARCH 2001
JOSEPH W. WESTPHAL (Acting) 5 MARCH 2001–31 MAY 2001
• Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works), 1998–2001
THOMAS E. WHITE . . . . . . . . 31 MAY 2001–9 MAY 2003
• Enron Corporation, 1990–2001
R. LES BROWNLEE (Acting) . 10 MAY 2003–18 NOVEMBER 2004
• Staff, Senate Armed Services Committee, 1987–2001
FRANCIS J. HARVEY . . . . . . . 19 NOVEMBER 2004–9 MARCH 2007
• Westinghouse Corporation, 1969–1997
PRESTON M. GEREN . . . . . . 16 JULY 2007–21 SEPTEMBER 2009
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Texas, 1989–1997
• Special Assistant to Secretary of Defense, 2001–2005
• Acting Secretary of the Air Force, 29 July 2005–November 2005
• Acting Secretary of the Army, March 2007–16 July 2007
JOHN M. McHUGH . . . . . . . . . 21 SEPTEMBER 2009–14 AUGUST 2015
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from New York, 1992–2009
ERIC K. FANNING . . . . . . . . . 18 MAY 2016–20 JANUARY 2017
• Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy/Deputy Chief Management Officer, 2009-2013
• Under Secretary of the Air Force, 2013-2015
ROBERT M. SPEER . . . . . . . . 20 JANUARY 2017–2 AUGUST 2017
RYAN MCCARTHY (Acting) . 2 AUGUST 2017–16 NOVEMBER 2017
MARK T. ESPER . . . . . . . . . . . 15 NOVEMBER 2017–PRESENT
• Executive Vice President, Global Intellectual Property Center, U.S. Chamber of
Commerce, 2008-2010
• Vice President, Raytheon Company, 2010-2017
RYAN MCCARTHY (Acting) . 24 JUNE 2019-PRESENT
B. Navy
JOHN L. SULLIVAN . . . . . . . . 18 SEPTEMBER 1947–24 MAY 1949
• Served in U.S. Navy in World War I
• Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, 1940–1944
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air, 1945–1946

FRANCIS P. MATTHEWS . . . . 25 MAY 1949–30 JULY 1951

• Practicing lawyer and business executive
• Ambassador to Ireland
DAN A. KIMBALL . . . . . . . . . 31 JULY 1951–3 FEBRUARY 1953
• U.S. Army Air Service in World War I
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air, 9 March 1949–24 March 1949
ROBERT B. ANDERSON . . . . 4 FEBRUARY 1953–2 MAY 1954
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 3 May 1954–4 August 1955 (see profile in part III,
Deputy Secretaries of Defense)
CHARLES S. THOMAS . . . . . 3 MAY 1954–31 MARCH 1957
• Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy, 1942–1945
• Under Secretary of the Navy, 9 February 1953–5 August 1953
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Supply and Logistics), 1953–1954
THOMAS S. GATES JR. . . . . . 1 APRIL 1957–7 JUNE 1959
• Secretary of Defense, 2 December 1959–20 January 1961(see profile in part II,
WILLIAM B. FRANKE . . . . . 8 JUNE 1959–20 JANUARY 1961
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management), 1954–1957
JOHN B. CONNALLY . . . . . . 25 JANUARY 1961–20 DECEMBER 1961
• Governor of Texas, 1963–1969
FRED H. KORTH . . . . . . . . . . . 4 JANUARY 1962–1 NOVEMBER 1963
• Assistant Secretary of the Army, 1952–1953
• Consultant to the Secretary of the Army, 1953–1960
PAUL H. NITZE . . . . . . . . . . . 29 NOVEMBER 1963–30 JUNE 1967
• Deputy Secretary of Defense,1 July 1967–20 January 1969 (see profile in part III,
CHARLES F. BAIRD (Acting) 1 JULY 1967–31 AUGUST 1967
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller),
1966–1967
PAUL R. IGNATIUS . . . . . . . . 1 SEPTEMBER 1967–24 JANUARY 1969
• Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Logistics), 1961–1964
• Under Secretary of the Army, 1964
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installations and Logistics), 1964–1967
JOHN H. CHAFEE . . . . . . . . . 31 JANUARY 1969–4 MAY 1972
• Served in U.S. Marine Corps, 1942–1945, 1951–1952
• Governor of Rhode Island, 1963–1969
JOHN W. WARNER . . . . . . . . . 4 MAY 1972–8 APRIL 1974
• Served in U.S. Navy, 1944–1946, and U.S. Marine Corps, 1950–1952

• Administrator of the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration, 1974–
1976
J. WILLIAM MIDDENDORF II 10 JUNE 1974–20 JANUARY 1977
• Ambassador to the Netherlands, 1969–1973
W. GRAHAM CLAYTOR JR. . 14 FEBRUARY 1977–26 JULY 1979
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 24 August 1979–16 January 1981 (see profile in
part III, Deputy Secretaries of Defense)
EDWARD HIDALGO . . . . . . . 27 JULY 1979–29 JANUARY 1981
• Special Assistant to Secretary of the Navy, 1945–1946, 1965–1966
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Logistics,
1977–1979
JOHN F. LEHMAN JR. . . . . . . 5 FEBRUARY 1981–10 APRIL 1987
• Special counsel and senior staff member, National Security Council, 1969–1974,
and counsel, National Security Council, 1974–1975
• Deputy Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1975–1977
JAMES H. WEBB JR. . . . . . . . 10 APRIL 1987–23 FEBRUARY 1988
• Served in the U.S. Marine Corps, 1968–1972
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs), 1984–1987
WILLIAM L. BALL III . . . . . . 24 MARCH 1988–15 MAY 1989
• Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs, 1985–1986
• Assistant to the President, 1986–1988
H. LAWRENCE GARRETT III 15 MAY 1989–26 JUNE 1992
• Enlisted in U.S. Navy, 1961; retired as commander, 1981
• Assistant Counsel to the President, 1981, and Associate Counsel,
1983–1986
SEAN O’KEEFE . . . . . . . . . . . 16 DECEMBER 1992–20 JANUARY 1993
• Department of Defense Comptroller, 1989–1992
• Acting Secretary of the Navy, 7 July 1992–16 December 1992
JOHN H. DALTON . . . . . . . . . 22 JULY 1993–16 NOVEMBER 1998
• Federal Home Loan Bank Board, 1979–1981
RICHARD DANZIG . . . . . . . . 16 NOVEMBER 1998–20 JANUARY 2001
• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and
Logistics), 1978–1979
• Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and
GORDON R. ENGLAND . . . . 24 MAY 2001–24 JANUARY 2003
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 13 May 2005–20 January 2009 (see profile in part

HANSFORD T. JOHNSON . . . 7 FEBRUARY 2003–1 OCTOBER 2003

(Acting)
GORDON R.ENGLAND . . . . . 1 OCTOBER 2003–29 DECEMBER 2005
• See profile above
DIONEL M. AVILES (Acting) . 29 DECEMBER 2005–3 JANUARY 2006
DONALD C. WINTER . . . . . . 3 JANUARY 2006–13 MARCH 2009
• Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1980–1983
• President and chief executive officer of TRW Systems, 2000–2002
B. J. PENN (Acting) . . . . . . . . . 13 MARCH 2009–19 MAY 2009
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Energy, Installations, and Environment),
2005–2009
RAYMOND E. MABUS . . . . . . 18 JUNE 2009–19 JANUARY 2017
• Governor of Mississippi, 1998–2002
• Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, 1994–1996
RICHARD V. SPENCER . . . . . 3 AUGUST 2017-PRESENT
• Served in U.S. Marine Corps, 1976-1981
• Governor of Mississippi, 1998–2002
• Managing Director, Fall Creek Management, LLC, 2007-2017
C. Air Force
W. STUART SYMINGTON . . . 18 SEPTEMBER 1947–24 APRIL 1950
• Served in U.S. Army, 1918
• Surplus property administrator, 1945–1946
• Assistant Secretary of War for Air, 1946–1947
THOMAS K. FINLETTER . . . 24 APRIL 1950–20 JANUARY 1953
• Special Assistant to the Secretary of State, 1941–1944
• Consultant to the U.S. delegation at the United Nations Conference in 1945
• Chairman of the President’s Air Policy Commission, 1947–1948
• U.S. Ambassador to NATO, 1961–1965
HAROLD E. TALBOTT . . . . . 4 FEBRUARY 1953–13 AUGUST 1955
• Served in U.S. Army, 1918
• Aviation industry executive, 1911–1942
DONALD A. QUARLES . . . . . 15 AUGUST 1955–30 APRIL 1957
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 1 May 1957–8 May 1959 (see profile in part III,
JAMES H. DOUGLAS JR. . . 1 MAY 1957–11 DECEMBER 1959
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 11 December 1959–24 January 1961 (see profile in
DUDLEY C. SHARP . . . . . . . . 11 DECEMBER 1959–20 JANUARY 1961
• Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, 1955–1959

• Under Secretary of the Air Force, 3 August 1959–10 December 1959

EUGENE M. ZUCKERT . . . . . 24 JANUARY 1961–30 SEPTEMBER 1965
• Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of War for Air, 1946–1947
• Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, 1947–1952
• Member of the Atomic Energy Commission, 1952–1954
HAROLD BROWN . . . . . . . . . 1 OCTOBER 1965–15 FEBRUARY 1969
• Secretary of Defense, 21 January 1977–20 January 1981 (see profile in part II,
ROBERT C. SEAMANS JR. . . 15 FEBRUARY 1969–14 MAY 1973
• Professor and engineer, MIT, 1941–1955, and RCA, 1955–1958
• Associate and deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, 1969
JOHN L. McLUCAS . . . . . . . . 19 JULY 1973–12 NOVEMBER 1975
• Deputy Director of Defense Research and Engineering, 1962–1964
• Assistant Secretary General for Scientific Affairs for NATO, 1964–1966
THOMAS C. REED . . . . . . . . . 2 JANUARY 1976–6 APRIL 1977
• Served in U.S. Air Force, 1956–1959
• Director of telecommunications and command and control systems in Office of
the Secretary of Defense, 1974–1975
JOHN C. STETSON . . . . . . . . . 6 APRIL 1977–18 MAY 1979
• Engineer and publisher
HANS M. MARK . . . . . . . . . . . 26 JULY 1979–9 FEBRUARY 1981
• Physicist at MIT, the Radiation Laboratory at Livermore, the University of
California, and Stanford University
• Director, Ames Research Center, NASA, 1969–1977
• Deputy Administrator of NASA, 1981–1984
• Director, Defense Research and Engineering, 1998– 2001
VERNE ORR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 FEBRUARY 1981–30 NOVEMBER 1985
• Director of the California Department of Finance, 1970–1975
• Professor, University of California, 1975–1980
RUSSELL A. ROURKE . . . . . . 8 DECEMBER 1985–7 APRIL 1986
• Administrative assistant on Capitol Hill, 1960–1974, 1977–1981
• Deputy to the Presidential Counselor, 1974–1976
• Special Assistant to the President (Legislative Affairs), 1976–1977
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs), 1981–1985
EDWARD C. ALDRIDGE JR. 8 APRIL 1986–8 JUNE 1986
(Acting)
EDWARD C. ALDRIDGE JR. 9 JUNE 1986–15 DECEMBER 1988
• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategic Programs, 1974–1976
• Director, Planning and Evaluation, 1976–1977

DONALD B. RICE . . . . . . . . . . 22 MAY 1989–20 JANUARY 1993
• Assistant Director, Office of Management and Budget, 1970–1972
• President and chief executive officer, RAND Corporation, 1972–1989
• Member, Defense Science Board, 1977–1983
MICHAEL B. DONLEY . . . . . JANUARY 1993–JULY 1993
(Acting)
SHEILA E. WIDNALL . . . . . . . 6 AUGUST 1993–31 OCTOBER 1997
• Professor, MIT, 1970–1981, and associate provost, 1992
F. WHITTEN PETERS . . . . . . . 1 NOVEMBER 1997–1 AUGUST 1999
(Acting)
F. WHITTEN PETERS . . . . . . 2 AUGUST 1999–20 JANUARY 2001
• Served in the U.S. Navy, 1969–1972
• Principal Deputy General Counsel, OSD, 1995–1997
JAMES G. ROCHE . . . . . . . . . 1 JUNE 2001–20 JANUARY 2005
• Northrop Grumman Corporation, 1984–2001
PETER B. TEETS (Acting) . . . 20 JANUARY 2005–25 MARCH 2005
• Director, National Reconnaissance Office, 2001–2005
MICHAEL MONTELONGO (Acting) 25 MARCH 2005–28 MARCH 2005
• Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management and Comptroller),
2001–2005
MICHAEL L. DOMINGUEZ (Acting) 28 MARCH 2005–29 JULY 2005
• Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), 2001–2006
PRESTON M. GEREN (Acting) 29 JULY 2005–4 NOVEMBER 2005
• Secretary of the Army, 16 July 2007–21 September 2009 (see profile in part IV.A,
Secretaries of the Military Departments, Army)
MICHAEL W. WYNNE . . . . . . 4 NOVEMBER 2005–5 JUNE 2008
• Served in U.S. Air Force, 1966–1973
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and
• Acting Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics),
2003–2005
MICHAEL B. DONLEY . . . . . 9 JUNE 2008–1 OCTOBER 2008
(Acting)
MICHAEL B. DONLEY . . . . . 2 OCTOBER 2008–21 JUNE 2013
• Staff member, Senate Armed Services Committee, 1981–1984
• National Security Council, 1984–1989
1989–1993
• Acting Secretary of the Air Force, January 1993–July 1993
• Director of Administration and Management, OSD, 2005–2008

Joint Chiefs of Staff
ERIC FANNING (Acting) . . . . 24 JUNE 2013–19 DECEMBER 2013

• Special Assistant, Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1993–1996
• Senior Vice President, Strategic Development at Business Executives for National
Security, 2001–2007
• Deputy Director, Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction
Proliferation and Terrorism, 2008–2009
• Deputy Under Secretary and Deputy Chief Management Officer, Department of
the Navy, 2009–2013
• Under Secretary of the Air Force, 18 April 2013–Present
DEBORAH LEE JAMES . . . . . 20 DECEMBER 2013–20 JANUARY 2017
• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, 1993–1998
• Senior Vice President, C4IT Business Unit General Manager, 2004–2010
• Executive Vice President of Communications and Government Affairs, SAIC,
2010–2013
LISA DISBROW (Acting) . . . . 20 JANUARY 2017–16 MAY 2017
HEATHER A. WILSON . . . . . . .. 16 May 2017–31 May 2019
• Office of Defense Plans, U.S. Mission to NATO, 1987-1989
• Director, Defense Policy and Arms Control, NSC, 1989-1991
• Member of Congress, First District of New Mexico, 1998-2009
• President, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, 2013-2017
MATTHEW P. DONOVAN . . . 1 June 2019–Present
(Acting)

VI. Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), in existence since 1942, gained statutory sanction in the National Security
Act of 1947. Under this law the JCS initially consisted of the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army; the Chief of Naval
Operations; the Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force; and the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief, if there should
be such a position. The act also established a Joint Staff under the JCS, limiting it to 100 officers, to be headed
by a director appointed by the Joint Chiefs.
The 1949 amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 established the position of Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, to be appointed from the regular officers of the Armed Services for a term of 2 years with
eligibility for a second 2-year term. The Chairman presided over the meetings of the JCS but did not have a vote.
Moreover, he was not authorized to exercise military command over the JCS or any of the military services. The
amendments also increased the size of the Joint Staff to 210 officers.
In 1952, PL 82-416 authorized the Commandant of the Marine Corps to meet with the JCS as a coequal
whenever any matter of concern to the Marine Corps was under consideration. Subsequently, PL 95-485 (20
October 1978) made the Commandant a permanent and fully participating member of the JCS.
Reorganization Plan No. 6 of 1953 made the selection and tenure of members of the Joint Staff subject to the
approval of the Chairman and gave him management control of the Joint Staff. The Department of Defense
Reorganization Act of 1958 increased the Joint Staff to 400 officers and limited their tours of duty to 3 years
except in time of war. The act specified that the Joint Staff “shall not operate or be organized as an overall
Armed Forces General Staff and shall have no executive authority.” The 1958 act also gave the Chairman a vote
in JCS meetings.
Congress in PL 90-22 (5 June 1967) set the terms of the chiefs of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps
at 4 years, with provision for possible reappointment for 4 years in time of war or emergency.
The Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 prescribed the most important
changes in the JCS organization since 1947. It increased the responsibilities of the Chairman, naming him
the principal military adviser to the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense
and prescribing a 2-year term with possibility of two additional terms (other than during wartime, when there
would be no limitation). The Chairman’s responsibilities included assisting the President in providing strategic
direction of the Armed Forces, preparing strategic plans and joint logistic and mobility plans, and advising the
Secretary of Defense on requirements, programs, and budgets, particularly a budget proposal for activities of
each unified and specified combatant command.
The act created the position of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to rank after the Chairman and ahead
of all other officers of the Armed Forces and to come from a service other than that of the Chairman. The Vice
Chairman could participate in meetings of the JCS, although he was not a member. In the absence or disability
of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman would replace him. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
1993, PL 102-484 (23 October 1992) made the Vice Chairman a full member of the JCS. The National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, P.L. 112-81 (31 December 2011) made the Chief of the National Guard
Bureau a full member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
A. Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
General Omar N. Bradley, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 August 1949–15 August 1953

Admiral Arthur W. Radford, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 August 1953–15 August 1957
General Nathan F. Twining, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 August 1957–30 September 1960
General Lyman L. Lemnitzer, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1960–30 September 1962

General Maxwell D. Taylor, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1962–1 July 1964

General Earle G. Wheeler, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 July 1964–2 July 1970
Admiral Thomas H. Moorer, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 July 1970–1 July 1974
General George S. Brown, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 July 1974–20 June 1978
General David C. Jones, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 June 1978–18 June 1982
General John W. Vessey Jr., USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 June 1982–30 September 1985
Admiral William J. Crowe Jr., USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1985–30 September 1989
General Colin L. Powell, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1989–30 September 1993
Admiral David E. Jeremiah, USN (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1993–24 October 1993
General John M.D. Shalikashvili, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 October 1993–30 September 1997
General Henry H. Shelton, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1997–30 September 2001
General Richard B. Myers, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 2001–30 September 2005
General Peter Pace, USMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 2005–30 September 2007
Admiral Michael G. Mullen, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 2007–30 September 2011
General Martin E. Dempsey, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 2011–25 September 2015
General Joseph F. Dunford Jr., USMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 September 2015–Present
B. Vice Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
General Robert T. Herres, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 February 1987–28 February 1990

Admiral David E. Jeremiah, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 March 1990–28 February 1994
Admiral William A. Owens, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 March 1994–29 February 1996
General Joseph W. Ralston, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 March 1996–1 March 2000
General Richard B. Myers, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 March 2000–1 October 2001
General Peter Pace, USMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 October 2001–12 August 2005
Admiral Edmund P. Giambastiani, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 August 2005– 27 July 2007
General James E. Cartwright, USMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 September 2007–3 August 2011
Admiral James A. Winnefeld Jr., USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 August 2011–31 July 2015
General Paul J. Selva, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 July 2015–Present
C. Chiefs of Staff of the Army
General Dwight D. Eisenhower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 November 1945–6 February 1948

General Omar N. Bradley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 February 1948–15 August 1949
General J. Lawton Collins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 August 1949–14 August 1953
General Matthew B. Ridgway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 August 1953–29 June 1955
General Maxwell D. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 June 1955–30 June 1959
General Lyman L. Lemnitzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1959–30 September 1960
General George H. Decker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1960–30 September 1962
General Earle G. Wheeler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1962–2 July 1964

General Harold K. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 July 1964–2 July 1968

General William C. Westmoreland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 July 1968–30 June 1972
General Bruce Palmer Jr. (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1972–11 October 1972
General Creighton W. Abrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 October 1972–4 September 1974
General Fred C. Weyand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 October 1974–30 September 1976
General Bernard W. Rogers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1976–21 June 1979
General Edward C. Meyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 June 1979–21 June 1983
General John A. Wickham Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 June 1983–22 June 1987
General Carl E. Vuono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 June 1987–21 June 1991
General Gordon R. Sullivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 June 1991–19 June 1995
General Dennis J. Reimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 June 1995–20 June 1999
General Eric K. Shinseki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 June 1999–11 June 2003
General Peter J. Schoomaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 2003–10 April 2007
General George W. Casey Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 April 2007–6 September 2011
General Raymond T. Odierno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 September 2011–14 August 2015 
General Mark Milley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 August 2015–Present
D. Chiefs of Naval Operations
Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 December 1945–15 December 1947

Admiral Louis Denfeld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 December 1947–2 November 1949
Admiral Forrest P. Sherman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 November 1949–22 July 1951
Admiral William M. Fechteler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 August 1951–16 August 1953
Admiral Robert B. Carney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 August 1953–17 August 1955
Admiral Arleigh A. Burke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 August 1955–1 August 1961
Admiral George W. Anderson Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 August 1961–1 August 1963
Admiral David L. McDonald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 August 1963–1 August 1967
Admiral Thomas H. Moorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 August 1967–1 July 1970
Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 July 1970–1 July 1974
Admiral James L. Holloway III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 July 1974–1 July 1978
Admiral Thomas B. Hayward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 July 1978–30 June 1982
Admiral James D. Watkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1982–30 June 1986
Admiral Carlisle A.H. Trost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1986–29 June 1990
Admiral Frank B. Kelso II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1990–23 April 1994
Admiral Jeremy M. Boorda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 April 1994–16 May 1996
Admiral Jay L. Johnson (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 May 1996–4 August 1996
Admiral Jay L. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 August 1996–21 July 2000
Admiral Vernon E. Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 July 2000–22 July 2005
Admiral Michael G. Mullen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 July 2005–29 September 2007
Admiral Gary Roughead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 September 2007–23 September 2011

Admiral Jonathan W. Greenert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 September 2011–18 September 2015

Admiral John M. Richardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 September 2015–Present
E. Chiefs of Staff of the Air Force
General Carl Spaatz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 September 1947–29 April 1948

General Hoyt S. Vandenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 April 1948–29 June 1953
General Nathan F. Twining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 June 1953–30 June 1957
General Thomas D. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1957–30 June 1961
General Curtis E. LeMay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 June 1961–31 January 1965
General John P. McConnell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 February 1965–31 July 1969
General John D. Ryan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 1969–31 July 1973
General George S. Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 1973–30 June 1974
General David C. Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1974–20 June 1978
General Lew Allen Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1978–30 June 1982
General Charles A. Gabriel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1982–30 June 1986
General Larry D. Welch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1986–30 June 1990
General Michael J. Dugan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1990–17 September 1990
General John M. Loh (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 September 1990–27 October 1990
General Merrill A. McPeak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 October 1990–25 October 1994
General Ronald R. Fogleman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 October 1994–2 October 1997
General Michael E. Ryan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 October 1997–6 September 2001
General John J. Jumper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 September 2001–2 September 2005
General T. Michael Moseley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 September 2005–1 August 2008
General Norton A. Schwartz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 August 2008–10 August 2012
General Mark A. Welsh III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 August 2012–24 June 2016
General David Goldfein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 2016- Present
F. Commandants of the Marine Corps
General Alexander A. Vandegrift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1944–31 December 1947

General Clifton B. Cates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1948–31 December 1951
General Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1952–31 December 1955
General Randolph McCall Pate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1956–31 December 1959
General David M. Shoup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1960–31 December 1963
General Wallace M. Greene Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1964–31 December 1967
General Leonard F. Chapman Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1968–31 December 1971
General Robert E. Cushman Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1972–30 June 1975
General Louis H. Wilson** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1975–30 June 1979
General Robert H. Barrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1979–30 June 1983

General Paul X. Kelley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1983–30 June 1987
General Alfred M. Gray Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1987–1 July 1991
General Carl E. Mundy Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1991–30 June 1995
General C.C. Krulak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1995–30 June 1999
General James L. Jones Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1999–13 January 2003
General Michael W. Hagee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 January 2003–13 November 2006
General James T. Conway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 November 2006–22 October 2010
General James F. Amos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 October 2010–16 October 2014
General Joseph F. Dunford Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 October 2010- 24 September 2015
General Robert Neller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 September 2015-Present
*First Commandant to sit with the Joint Chiefs of Staff (beginning in 1952) on matters of concern to the Marine Corps.
**First Commandant to be a full member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, as per PL 95-485 (20 October 1978).
G. Chiefs of the National Guard Bureau
Lt. Gen. H. Steven Blum, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 April 2003–17 November 2008

General Craig R. McKinley, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 January 2012–6 September 2012
General Frank J. Grass, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 September 2012–3 August 2016
General Joseph L. Lengyel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 August 2016-Present
The Chief of the National Guard Bureau became a member of the Joint Chiefs on Dec. 31 when the 2012
National Defense Authorization Act was signed into law. The National Guard Bureau became a joint activity of
DoD on 28 January 2008 when P.L. 110-181 was signed into law.
H. Directors of the Joint Staff
While not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Director of the Joint Staff (DJS) was established by the
1947 National Security Act and was to be appointed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to perform such duties as
directed by the Joint Chiefs. With the passage of the 1949 National Security Act Amendments and the creation
of the position of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chairman, after consultation with the other members
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and with the approval of the Secretary of Defense, appoints the DJS. The Director
assists the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in fulfilling his responsibilities as the principal military adviser
to the President and Secretary of Defense by developing and providing strategic direction, policy guidance
and planning focus to the Joint Staff and by fostering clear communication among the President, Secretary of
Defense, unified commands, and services.
Maj. Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 September 1947–19 September 1949

Vice Adm. Arthur C. Davis, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 September 1949–1 November 1951
Lt. Gen. Charles P. Cabell, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 November 1951–23 April 1953
Lt. Gen. Frank F. Everest, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 April 1953–18 March 1954
Lt. Gen. Lemuel Mathewson, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 March 1954–14 March 1956
Vice Adm. Bernard L. Austin, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 March 1956–31 March 1958
Lt. Gen. Oliver S. Picher, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 April 1958–31 March 1960
Lt. Gen. Earle G. Wheeler, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 April 1960–24 February 1962

Under Secretaries of Defense
Vice Adm. Herbert D. Riley, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 February 1962–23 February 1964

Lt. Gen. David A. Burchinal, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 February 1964–31 July 1966
Lt. Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 1966–31 March 1967
Lt. Gen. Berton E. Spivy Jr., USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 April 1967–31 July 1968
Vice Adm. Nels C. Johnson, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 1968–19 July 1970
Lt. Gen. John W. Vogt, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 July 1970–7 April 1972
Rear Adm. Mason B. Freeman, USN (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 April 1972–11 June 1972
Lt. Gen. George M. Seignious II, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 June 1972–31 May 1974
Vice Adm. Harry D. Train II, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 1974–30 June 1976
Lt. Gen. Ray B. Sitton, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1976–30 June 1977
Vice Adm. Patrick J. Hannifin, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1977–20 June 1978
Maj. Gen. John A. Wickham Jr., USA (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1978–21August 1978
Lt. Gen. John A. Wickham Jr., USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 August 1978–22 June 1979
Vice Adm. Carl Thor Hanson, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 June 1979–30 June 1981
Lt. Gen. James E. Dalton, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1981–30 June 1983
Lt. Gen. Jack N. Merritt, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1983–30 June 1985
Vice Adm. Powell F. Carter Jr., USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1985–14 August 1987
Lt. Gen. Robert W. RisCassi, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 August 1987–30 November 1988
Lt. Gen. Hansford T. Johnson, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 December 1988–20 September 1989
Maj. Gen. Gene A. Deegan, USMC (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 September 1989–26 September 1989
Lt. Gen. Michael P.C. Carns, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 September 1989–16 May 1991
Lt. Gen. Henry Viccellio Jr., USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 May 1991–1 December 1992
Vice Adm. Richard C. Macke, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 December 1992–18 July 1994
Maj. Gen. Charles T. Robertson Jr., USAF (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 July 1994–24 July 1994
Lt. Gen. Walter Kross, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 July 1994–12 July 1996
Maj. Gen. Stephen T. Rippe, USA (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 July 1996–13 September 1996
Vice Adm. Dennis C. Blair, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 September 1996–12 December 1998
Vice Adm. Vernon E. Clark, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 December 1998–26 July 1999
Lt. Gen. Carlton W. Fulford, USMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 July 1999–14 July 2000
Lt. Gen. John P. Abizaid, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 October 2001–23 January 2003
Vice Adm. Timothy J. Keating, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 October 2003–October 2004
Lt. Gen. Norton A. Schwartz, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 2004–August 2005
Lt. Gen. Walter Sharp, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2005–May 2008
Lt. Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2008–10 June 2009
Lt. Gen. Lloyd J. Austin III, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2009–30 June 2010
Vice Adm. William E. Gortney, USN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 2010–August 2012
Lt. Gen. Curtis M. Scaparrotti, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2012–July 2013
Lt. Gen David L. Goldfein, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2013–August 2015
Lt. Gen. William C. Mayville Jr., USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2015-July 2017
Lt. Gen. Kenneth F. McKenzie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2017-Present

VII. Under Secretaries of Defense

PL 95-0140, 21 October 1977, established the position of Under Secretary of Defense at a level immediately
below the Deputy Secretary of Defense. The two initial appointees to this rank were the Under Secretary for
Policy and the Under Secretary for Research and Engineering, the latter replacing the Director of Defense
Research and Engineering. The Military Reform Act of 1986, PL 99-348, 1 July 1986, established the position
of Under Secretary for Acquisition as the successor to the Under Secretary for Research and Engineering, with
enhanced rank (from Executive Level III to Executive Level II) and functions. A few months later, the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997, PL 99-661, 14 November 1986, spelled out in more detail the
duties of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition). See the Under Secretary listings below for subsequent
changes in the title of this position.
The National Defense Authorization Act for 1994, PL 103-160, 30 November 1993, established the position of Under
Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. The National Defense Authorization Act for 1995, PL 103-337,
raised the Comptroller to Under Secretary/Comptroller. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003,
PL 107-314, 2 December 2002, established the position of Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence.
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, PL 114-328, as amended by the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, PL 115-91, reestablished an Under Secretary of Defense for Research
and Engineering and an Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. The Deputy Secretary
of Defense’s 13 July 2018 memorandum finalized an organizational structure for the Department of Defense’s
acquisition organization between the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the Under
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.
The six current Under Secretary positions are listed by order of precedence.
PL 95-140, 21 October 1977, created the position of Under Secretary of Defense (Research and Engineering)
to replace the Director of Research and Engineering (see part IX.B.7, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense
Positions, Research and Engineering, for predecessors of this position). It was succeeded by the Under
Secretary of Defense (Acquisition) in 1986.
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, PL 115-81, reestablished the position of Under Secretary of Defense
for Research and Engineering. As codified at section 133a of United States Code Title 10 and finalized in
the Deputy Secretary of Defense’s 13 July 2018 memorandum, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research
and Engineering serves as the principal staff assistant and adviser to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of
Defense on all research and engineering, and as the chief technical officer of the Department with the mission of
advancing technology and innovation.
Under Secretary of Defense (Research and Engineering)
WILLIAM J. PERRY . . . . . . . . . 21 OCTOBER 1977–20 JANUARY 1981

• Director, Defense Research and Engineering, 11 April 1977–21 October 1977, when
position was raised to the Under Secretary level
• Secretary of Defense, 3 February 1994–24 January 1997 (see profile in part II,
WALTER B. LABERGE (Acting) 21 JANUARY 1981–10 MARCH 1981
• Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Research and Development), 1973–1975


• Principal Deputy to the Under Secretary of Defense (Research and Engineering),
1980–1984
JAMES P. WADE JR. (Acting) . . 11 MARCH 1981–6 MAY 1981
• Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy and chairman of Military
Liaison Committee to Department of Energy, 1978–1981
RICHARD D. DELAUER . . . . . 6 MAY 1981–30 NOVEMBER 1984
• U.S. Navy, 1942–1966
• Laboratory director of Space Tech Labs, 1958–1960; Titan program, 1960–1966
• Official with TRW, Inc., 1968–1981
JAMES P. WADE JR. (Acting) . 1 DECEMBER 1984–5 JULY 1985
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Development and Support), August 1984–July
1985
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Acquisitions and Logistics), 1985–1986
DONALD A. HICKS . . . . . . . . . 2 AUGUST 1985–10 OCTOBER 1986
• Chief of applied physics for Boeing Company
• Research physicist with Lawrence Radiation Laboratories, Livermore, California
Under Secretary of Defense (Research and Engineering)
MICHAEL D. GRIFFIN . . . . . . . 20 FEBRUARY 2018–PRESENT

• Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2005–2009
• President, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012–2014
• Chairman, CEO, Shafer Corporation, 2012–2018
This position was established by PL 99-348 in 1986 as the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition) and
by DoD Directive 5134.1, 10 February 1987. The title changed to Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition
and Technology) in NDAA Fiscal Year (FY) 1994 (PL 103-160), 30 November 1993. The National Defense
Authorization Act for FY 2000 (PL 106-65), 5 October 1999, redesignated the position as the Under Secretary of
Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics). Appointee served as the principal assistant to the Secretary of
Defense for research and development, production, procurement, logistics, and military construction.
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, PL 115-81, created the position of Under Secretary of Defense for
Acquisition and Sustainment, and disestablished the position of Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition,
Technology, and Logistics. As codified at section 133b of United States Code Title 10 and finalized in the
Deputy Secretary of Defense’s 13 July 2018 memorandum, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and
Sustainment serves as the principal adviser to the Secretary on acquisition and sustainment in the Department.
Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition)
RICHARD P. GODWIN . . . . . . . 30 SEPTEMBER 1986–30 SEPTEMBER 1987

• Service with the Atomic Energy Commission and with Bechtel, Inc., 1961–1986
• Member of the Defense Science Board
ROBERT B. COSTELLO . . . . . 18 DECEMBER 1987–12 MAY 1989
• Served in U.S. Navy, World War II
• General Motors Corporation, 1960–1986
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Production and Logistics), 1987

JOHN A. BETTI . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 AUGUST 1989–31 DECEMBER 1990
• With Chrysler Corporation, 1952–1962, and subsequently Ford Motor Company
DONALD J. YOCKEY . . . . . . . . 20 JUNE 1991–20 JANUARY 1993
• Served in U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, 1944–1966
• Rockwell International Corporation, 1966–1986
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary (Acquisition), March–December 1990
• Acting Under Secretary (Acquisition), 1 January 1991–20 June 1991
Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology)
JOHN M. DEUTCH . . . . . . . . . 2 APRIL 1993–11 MARCH 1994

• Systems analyst, OSD, 1961–1965
• Under Secretary, Department of Energy, 1979–1980
• Tenure spans designation of position as Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition)
and Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology)
PAUL G. KAMINSKI . . . . . . . . . 3 OCTOBER 1994–16 MAY 1997
• Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and
Engineering, 1977–1981
Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics)
JACQUES S. GANSLER . . . . . 10 NOVEMBER 1997–5 JANUARY 2001

• Engineer and economist
• Singer Corporation, ITT, Raytheon Corporation, and TASC, Inc.
• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Materiel Acquisition), and Assistant
Director, Defense Research and Engineering (Electronics)
EDWARD C. ALDRIDGE JR. . 10 MAY 2001–23 MAY 2003
• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategic Programs, 1974–1976
• Director, Planning and Evaluation, 1976–1977
MICHAEL W. WYNNE (Acting) 23 MAY 2003–JUNE 2005
• Served in U.S. Air Force
• Official with General Dynamics, 1976–1999
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology),
2001–2005
KENNETH J. KRIEG . . . . . . . . . 6 JUNE 2005–20 JULY 2007
• Special Assistant to Secretary of Defense, 2001–2003
• Director, Program Analysis and Evaluation, 2003–2005
JOHN J. YOUNG JR. (Acting) . . 21 JULY 2007–20 NOVEMBER 2007
JOHN J. YOUNG JR. . . . . . . . . 21 NOVEMBER 2007–20 JANUARY 2009
• Sandia National Laboratory
• Professional staffer, Senate Appropriations Defense Subcommittee
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development, and Acquisition,
2001–2005
• Director of Defense Research and Engineering, 2005–2007

ASHTON B. CARTER . . . . . . . 27 APRIL 2009–6 OCTOBER 2011

• (see profile in part II, Secretaries of Defense)
FRANK KENDALL III (Acting) 6 OCTOBER 2011–24 MAY 2012
FRANK KENDALL III . . . . . . 24 MAY 2012–20 JANUARY 2017
• Served in U.S. Army
• Vice president of Engineering for Raytheon Company
• Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Strategic Defense Systems)
• Member, Army Science Board and the Defense Intelligence Agency Science and
Technology Advisory Board
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisitions, Technology, and
Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Sustainment)
ELLEN M. LORD . . . . . . . . . . . 1 AUGUST 2017–1 FEBRUARY 2018

• President and Chief Executive Officer, Textron Systems Corporation, 2012–2017
C. Policy
This position was established in PL 95-140 (21 October 1977), and its duties were enumerated in DoD Directive
5111.1 (27 October 1978). The Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) is the principal adviser to the Secretary of
Defense for all matters pertaining to the formulation of national security and defense policy and the integration
and oversight of DoD policy and plans to achieve national security objectives.
STANLEY R. RESOR . . . . . . . . 14 AUGUST 1978–1 APRIL 1979

• Secretary of the Army, 5 July 1965–30 June 1971 (see profile in part IV.A,
Secretaries of the Military Departments, Army)
ROBERT W. KOMER . . . . . . . . 24 OCTOBER 1979–20 JANUARY 1981
• Ambassador to Turkey, 1968–1969
FRED C. IKLÉ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 APRIL 1981–19 FEBRUARY 1988
• Professor, MIT, 1964–1967
• Head, Social Science Department, RAND Corporation, 1967–1973
• Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1973–1977
PAUL D. WOLFOWITZ . . . . . . 15 MAY 1989–19 JANUARY 1993
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 2 March 2001–1 May 2005 (see profile in part III,
FRANK T. WISNER . . . . . . . . . . 6 JULY 1993–9 JUNE 1994
• Joined Foreign Service in 1961
• Under Secretary of State for International Security Affairs, 1992–1993
WALTER B. SLOCOMBE . . . . 15 SEPTEMBER 1994–19 JANUARY 2001
• Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs)
and director, DoD SALT task force, 1977–1979

• Deputy Under Secretary for Policy Planning, 1979–1981

• Principal Deputy Under Secretary (Policy), 1993–1994
DOUGLAS J. FEITH . . . . . . . . . 16 JULY 2001–8 AUGUST 2005
• Special counsel to Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs),
1982–1984
• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Negotiations Policy), 1984–1986
• Practicing attorney, 1986–2001
ERIC S. EDELMAN . . . . . . . . . 9 FEBRUARY 2006–20 JANUARY 2009
• Career Foreign Service officer
• Ambassador to Finland, 1998–2001
• Principal Deputy Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs,
2001–2003
• Ambassador to Turkey, 2003–2005
MICHÈLE FLOURNOY . . . . . . 9 FEBRUARY 2009–30 JANUARY 2012
• Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Threat Reduction)
and Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy), 1993–1998
• Research professor at Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense
University, 1998–2000
• Member of the Defense Policy Board and the Defense Science Board Task Force
on Transformation, 1998–2001
• Senior Advisor, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2000–2006
• President and Co-Founder, Center for a New American Security, 2007–2009
JAMES N. MILLER Jr. (Acting) 1 FEBRUARY–23 MAY 2012
JAMES N. MILLER Jr. . . . . . . . 24 MAY 2012–8 JANUARY 2013
• Professional staff, House Armed Services Committee, 1988–1992
• Professor, Duke University, 1992–1997
• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Requirements, Plans, and
Counterproliferation Policy), 1997–2000
• Senior vice president, Center for a New American Security, 2007–2009
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary (Policy), 2009–2012
CHRISTINE WORMUTH . . . . . 23 JUNE 2014–10 JUNE 2016
• Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Homeland Defense and Americas
Security Affairs, 2009-2010
• Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Defense Policy and
Strategy, 2010-2012
• Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Strategy, Plans and Force Development,
2012-2013
BRIAN MCKEON (Acting) . . . . 11 JUNE 2016–20 JANUARY 2017
ROBERT S. KAREM (Acting) . . 20 JANUARY 2017–10 OCTOBER 2017
DAVID J. TRACHTENBERG . . 17 OCTOBER 2017–3 JANUARY 2018
(Acting)
JOHN C. ROOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 JANUARY 2018–PRESENT
• Senior Vice President, Lockhead Martin International
• Acting Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security,
2007-2009
• Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, 2006-2007

This position is an upgrade of the position of Comptroller from Assistant Secretary to Under Secretary level by
NDAA FY95 (PL 103-337, 5 October 1994). (See part IX.B.4, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions,
Comptroller, for predecessors of this position.) According to DoD Directive 5118.03, the Under Secretary of
Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Financial Officer is the Principal Staff Assistant and advisor to the Secretary of
Defense for budgetary and financial matters.
JOHN J. HAMRE . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SEPTEMBER 1994–29 JULY 1997

• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 29 July 1997–31 March 2000 (see profile in part
WILLIAM J. LYNN . . . . . . . . . . 19 NOVEMBER 1997–19 JANUARY 2001
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 12 February 2009–5 October 2011 (see profile in
DOV S. ZAKHEIM . . . . . . . . . . 3 MAY 2001–15 APRIL 2004
• Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Planning and Resources), 1985–1987
• Vice president of System Planning Corporation, 1987–2001
LAWRENCE J.
LANZILLOTTA (Acting) . . . . . . 15 APRIL 2004–27 JULY 2004
• Served in U.S. Army
• Professional staff, Senate Armed Services Committee
• Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Management Reform), 2002–2004
TINA W. JONAS . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 JULY 2004–26 SEPTEMBER 2008
• Senior Budget Examiner, Office of Management and Budget, 1991–1995
• Professional Staff, House Committee on Appropriations, 1995–2001
• Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Financial Management,
2001– 2002
• Assistant Director and Chief Financial Officer, Federal Bureau of Investigation,
2002–2004
ROBERT F. HALE . . . . . . . . . . . 9 FEBRUARY 2009–27 JUNE 2014
• Director, National Security Division of Congressional Budget Office, 1982–1994
1994–2001
• Executive Director of the American Society of Military Comptrollers, 2005–2009
MICHAEL McCORD . . . . . . . . . 27 JUNE 2014–20 JANUARY 2017
• Professional Staff, Senate Committee on Armed Services, 1987-2003
• Budget Analyst, House Committee on the Budget, 2003-2004
• Professional Staff, Senate Committee on Armed Services, 2004-2009
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), 2009-2014
JOHN P. ROTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 JANUARY 2017–1 JUNE 2017
DAVID L. NORQUIST . . . . . . . . 2 JUNE 2017–PRESENT
• Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), 2002-2006
• Chief Financial Officer, Homeland Security, 2006-2008
• Partner, Kearny and Company, 2008-2017
• Performing the Duties of the Deputy Secretary of Defense, 1 January 2019–

The National Defense Authorization Act for FY94 (PL 103-160, 30 November 1993) created the position
of Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. On 17 March 1994, DoD Directive 5124.02
established the position to incorporate the functions of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management
and Personnel) and authorized authority over the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) and the
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs). (See part IX.B.6, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense
Positions, Manpower, for predecessors of this position.) The Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and
Readiness is the Principal Staff Assistant and advisor to the Secretary of Defense for Total Force management;
National Guard and Reserve Component affairs; health affairs; readiness and training; military and civilian
personnel requirements; language; dependents’ education; equal opportunity; morale, welfare, recreation; and
quality-of-life matters.
EDWIN DORN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 MARCH 1994–7 JULY 1997

• Deputy director for research at the Joint Center for Political and Economic
Studies, 1981–1990
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel), 1993–1994
RUDY deLEON . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 AUGUST 1997–31 MARCH 2000
• Deputy Secretary of Defense, 31 March 2000–1 March 2001 (see profile in part
CHARLES L. CRAGIN (Acting) . 31 MARCH 2000–23 MAY 2000
• Practicing attorney
• Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs
BERNARD D. ROSTKER . . . . . 23 MAY 2000–19 JANUARY 2001
• Director, Selective Service System, 1979–1981
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1994–1998
CHARLES L. CRAGIN (Acting) . 20 JANUARY 2001–31 MAY 2001
DAVID S. C. CHU . . . . . . . . . . . 1 JUNE 2001–20 JANUARY 2009
• Assistant Secretary of Defense and Director for Program Analysis and Evaluation,
1981–1993
• Director, RAND Washington Office, 1994–1998
GAIL MCGINN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 JANUARY 2009–8 FEBRUARY 2010
CLIFFORD L. STANLEY . . . . . 9 FEBRUARY 2010–26 OCTOBER 2011
• Served in U.S. Marine Corps, 1969– 2002
• President, Scholarship America, 2004–2009
JO ANN ROONEY (Acting) . . . . 27 OCTOBER 2011–24 MAY 2012
• Chief counsel, The Lyons Companies, 1996– 2002
• President, Spalding University, 2002–2010
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness,
2011–2012

Specified Officials
ERIN C. CONATON . . . . . . . . . 24 MAY 2012—31 DECEMBER 2012

• Professional staff, House Armed Services Committee, 2001–2010
JESSICA L. WRIGHT . . . . . . . . 27 JUNE 2014–20 MARCH 2015
• Served 35 years in Pennsylvania Army National Guard, retiring as major general
• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, May 2012 – January 2013
BRAD R. CARSON (Acting)….. 2 April 2015–8 APRIL 2016
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Oklahoma, 2001–2005
• Under Secretary of the Army, March 2014–April 2015
PETER LEVINE (Acting)….. . . 11 APRIL 2016– 20 JANUARY 2017
ANTHONY KURTA . . . . . . . . . . 20 JANUARY 2017–21 NOVEMBER 2017
ROBERT L. WILKIE . . . . . . . . . 21 NOVEMBER 2017–30 MARCH 2018
• Senior Advisor, Senator Thom Tillis, 2015-2017
• Vice President, CH2M HILL Companies Ltd., 2010-2015
• Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs, 2006-2009
STEPHANIE BARNA . . . . . . . . 30 MARCH 2018–25 OCTOBER 2018
JAMES STEWART . . . . . . . . . . . 25 OCTOBER 2018–PRESENT
F. Intelligence
The position was established by the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003,
PL 107-314 (2 December 2002). The Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) was authorized to perform
such duties and exercise such powers in the intelligence area as prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. (See
part IX.B.3, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions, Command, Control, Communications, and
Intelligence, for predecessors of this position.) According to DoD Directive 5143.01, the Under Secretary
of Defense (Intelligence) is the principal staff assistant and advisor to the Secretary of Defense and Deputy
Secretary of Defense regarding intelligence, counterintelligence, security, sensitive activities, and other
intelligence-related matters.
STEPHEN A. CAMBONE . . . . . 10 MARCH 2003–31 DECEMBER 2006

• Director, Strategic Defense Policy in the Office of the Secretary of Defense,
1990–1993
• Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1993–1998
• Director of Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense
University, 1998–2000
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 2001–2002
• Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, 2003–2006
JAMES CLAPPER . . . . . . . . . . . 15 APRIL 2007–9 AUGUST 2010
• Served in U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force, 1963–1995
• Director, Defense Intelligence Agency, 1991–1995
• Director, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 2001–2006
MICHAEL G. VICKERS (Acting) 28 JANUARY 2011–17 MARCH 2011

Specified Officials
MICHAEL G. VICKERS . . . . . . 17 MARCH 2011–30 APRIL 2015

• Senior vice president, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 1996–
2007
• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low-Intensity Conflict and
Interdependent Capabilities, 2007–2011
MARCEL LETTRE . . . . . . . . . . 5 February 2016–20 JANUARY 2017

• Acting Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence,
April 2015-February 2015
• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, October 2013 to
May 2015
TODD LOWERY
(Performing the duties of) . . . . . . 20 JANUARY 2017–1 JUNE 2017
KARI A. BINGEN (Acting) . . . . 2 JUNE 2017–21 NOVEMBER 2017
JOSEPH D. KERNAN. . . . . . . . 21 NOVEMBER 2017–PRESENT
• Vice President, SAP National Security Services Inc., 2013–2017
• Deputy Commander, USSOUTHCOM, 2011–2013

Specified Officials
VIII. Specified Officials*

Over time Congress has created a number of senior positions that fall in rank between the Under Secretaries of
Defense and the Assistant Secretaries of Defense as well as a number of positions that are non-Presidentially
Appointed Senate-Confirmed (PAS) principal staff assistants to the Secretary of Defense. For the sake of
simplicity, these positions are listed together in this section.
*Not comprehensive; listing order is alphabetical and does not reflect order of succession
A. DEPUTY Chief Management Officers of the

Department of Defense
This position was established by NDAA FY08, PL 110-181 (28 January 2008). The Deputy Secretary of Defense
served as the Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense and was assisted in this capacity by
a Deputy Chief Management Officer. The Secretary assigned such duties and authorities to the Deputy Chief
Management Officer as were necessary for that official to assist the Chief Management Officer to effectively and
efficiently organize the business operations of the Department of Defense. The office was established on 9 October
2008 and was governed by DOD Directive 5105.82, 17 October 2008. Congress further stipulated in Section 904
of NDAA FY09, PL 110-417 (14 October 2008) that the Deputy Chief Management Officer should serve as Vice
Chairman of the Defense Business Systems Management Committee (DBSMC) and act as Chairman in the Deputy
Secretary’s absence. Effective October 2001, the Defense Business Council is the subordinate governance board
to the Deputy’s Management Action Group (DMAG) regarding the management of the Department’s business
operations in accordance with DoD Directive 5105.79. The DBC is co-chaired by the DCMO of the Department
of Defense and the DoD Chief Information Office. The Deputy Secretary merged a number of senior leadership
bodies with the DMAG, including the DBSMC, in late 2011. The Deputy Chief Management Officer ranked in
precedence just after the Under Secretaries and was paid at the same rate (Level III of the Executive Schedule.
NOTE: Level III of the Executive Schedule is a separate publication).
Elizabeth A. McGrath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 June 2010–30 November 2013

Kevin Scheid (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 December 2013–23 May 2014
David Tillotson III (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 May 2014–8 November 2017
John H. Gibson II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 November 2017–1 February 2018
Lisa W. Hershman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 April 2018-Present
B. Directors of Cost Assessment and

Program Evaluation
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Systems Analysis)

New Assistant Secretary position established on 10 September 1965.
Alain C. Enthoven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 September 1965–20 January 1969

Ivan Selin (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 January 1969–30 January 1970
Gardiner L. Tucker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 January 1970–30 March 1973
Position title changed to Director of Defense Program Analysis and Evaluation on 11 April 1973.
Director, Defense Program Analysis and Evaluation
Leonard Sullivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 May 1973–11 February 1974
Position title changed to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and Evaluation) on 29 March 1974.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and

Evaluation)
Leonard Sullivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 February 1974–13 March 1976
Position title changed to Director for Planning and Evaluation on 18 May 1976.
Director for Planning and Evaluation

Edward C. Aldridge Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 May 1976–11 March 1977
Position designated Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and Evaluation) on 28 April 1977.

Evaluation)
Russell Murray II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 April 1977–20 January 1981
Position title changed to Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation in May 1981.
Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation

David S.C. Chu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 May 1981–13 July 1988
Position designated Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and Evaluation) on 13 July 1988 (DoD
Directive 5141.1, 1 February 1989).

Evaluation)
Provides economic analyses of defense programs and examines implications of manpower resources on specific
force structure plans. Studies security assistance programs and allied and foreign military requirements and
capabilities of forces, materiel basing, and nuclear requirements.
David S.C. Chu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 July 1988–20 January 1993

Position designated Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation on 25 June 1993.
Directors of Program Analysis and Evaluation

William J. Lynn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 June 1993–19 November 1997
Robert R. Soule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1998–27 April 2001
Barry D. Watts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 May 2001–1 July 2002
Stephen A. Cambone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 2002–7 March 2003
Kenneth J. Krieg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 July 2003–6 June 2005
Bradley M. Berkson* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 June 2005–3 April 2009
*Berkson was dual-hatted as Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation and Acting Assistant Secretary of
Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense
Defense (Logistics and Materiel Readiness).
Directors, Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation

Public Law 111-23, the Weapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act (WSARA), signed into law 22 May
2009, established the Director, Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE) and transferred the staff
of the former Program Analysis and Evaluation (PA&E) to CAPE. WSARA, and further implemented by
Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) Directive-Type Memorandum 09-027,
Implementation of the Weapons System Acquisition Reform Act of 2009 (4 December 2009).
Christine H. Fox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 September 2009–28 June 2013

Jamie Morin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 June 2014–20 January 2017
Robert Daigle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–18 May2019
E.Y. (Yisroel) Brumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 May 2019–Present
C. Directors of Operational Test and Evaluation
Position established 24 September 1983 by the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984, PL 98-94
(24 September 1983), and by DoD Directive 5141.2, 2 April 1984. Director is the principal staff assistant
and adviser to the Secretary of Defense on operational test and evaluation matters, ensuring effectiveness and
suitability of U.S. weapon systems and equipment.
John E. Krings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 April 1985–30 June 1989

Robert C. Duncan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 November 1989–20 January 1993
Lee Frame (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 January 1993–30 September 1994
Philip E. Coyle III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 October 1994–19 January 2001
Thomas P. Christie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 July 2001–31 January 2005
David W. Duma (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 February 2005–26 July 2006
Charles E. McQueary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 July 2006–31 May 2009
David W. Duma (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 2009–22 September 2009
J. Michael Gilmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 September 2009–20 January 2017
David Duma (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–16 November 2017
Robert F. Behler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 November 2017–Present
D. General Counsels of the Department of Defense
Position established by title by Reorganization Plan No. 6 of 1953 and by DoD Directive 5145.01, 24 August
1953. Position derived from one of the original three Special Assistants to the Secretary (1947) and the Assistant
Secretary of Defense (Legal and Legislative Affairs), 1949–1953.
General Counsel serves as the chief legal officer of DoD, advising both the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of
Defense on all legal matters and services. Develops the Department’s legislative program, establishes policy on
specific legal problems, maintains repository for all international agreements of the Department, and serves as
director of the Defense Legal Services Agency.
H. Struve Hensel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 August 1953–4 March 1954

Wilber M. Brucker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 April 1954–20 July 1955
Mansfield D. Sprague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 October 1955–27 February 1957
Robert Dechert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 February 1957–15 July 1959
J. Vincent Burke Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 September 1959–20 January 1961
Cyrus R. Vance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 January 1961–30 June 1962
John T. McNaughton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 July 1962–25 June 1964
Paul C. Warnke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 October 1966–31 July 1967
Leonard Niederlehner (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 1967– 19 August 1970
J. Fred Buzhardt Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 August 1970–4 January 1974
Martin R. Hoffmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 March 1974–5 August 1975
Leonard Niederlehner (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 August 1975–1 January 1976
Richard A. Wiley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 January 1976–15 January 1977
Deanne C. Siemer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 April 1977–15 October 1979
Togo D. West Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 February 1980–20 January 1981
William Howard Taft IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 April 1981–2 February 1984
Chapman B. Cox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 May 1984–16 December 1985
H. Lawrence Garrett III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 February 1986–6 August 1987
Kathleen A. Buck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 November 1987–30 December 1988
Terrence O’Donnell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 October 1989–6 March 1992
David S. Addington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 August 1992–20 January 1993
Jamie S. Gorelick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 May 1993–17 March 1994
Judith A. Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 September 1994–7 November 1999
Douglas A. Dworkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 June 2000–19 January 2001
William J. Haynes II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 May 2001–10 March 2008
Jeh C. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 February 2009–31 December 2012
Robert Taylor (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 2013–27 October 2013
Stephen W. Preston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 October 2013–June 2015
Jennifer M. O’Connor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 June 2016–20 January 2017
Paul Koffsky (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017-–August 2017
William S. Castle (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2017–13 July 2018
Paul C. Ney Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 July 2018–Present
E. Inspectors General of the Department of Defense
The Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1983, PL 97-252, 8 September 1982, and DoD Directive
5106.1, 14 March 1983, established the Office of the Department of Defense Inspector General. This position
replaced the office of Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Review and Oversight, established in April 1981
to check fraud, waste, and abuse in procurement. That position and the Defense Audit Service, created in 1976,
were dissolved when the Office of the Inspector General began operations in May 1983.
The Inspector General is an independent official who coordinates policies and makes recommendations to further

Assistant Secretaries of Defense
economy and efficiency in administration. The Inspector General keeps the Secretary of Defense and Congress informed
about problems relating to the administration of programs and the possibility of corrective action following investigation.
Joseph H. Sherick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 May 1983–3 June 1986

Derek Vander Schaaf (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 June 1986–13 November 1987
June Gibbs Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 November 1987–20 October 1989 Derek Vander Schaaf (Acting)
20 October 1989–28 November 1989
Susan J. Crawford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 November 1989–19 November 1991
Derek Vander Schaaf (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 November 1991–28 February 1995
Eleanor J. Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 March 1995–30 April 1999
Donald Mancuso (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 May 1999–26 January 2000
Joseph E. Schmitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 April 2002–9 September 2005
Claude M. Kicklighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 April 2007–2 July 2008
Gordon S. Heddell (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 July 2008–10 July 2009
Gordon S. Heddell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 July 2009–24 December 2011
Lynne M. Halbrooks (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 December 2011–21 June 2012
Jon T. Rymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 September 2013–8 January 2016
Glenn Fine (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 January 2016-Present

IX. Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, PL 115-91, renamed Principal Deputy Under
Secretary of Defense to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense.
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, PL 115-91, reestablished the position of Under Secretary of Defense for
Research and Engineering. The NDAA for FY18 renamed the Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense to
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense and designated a Deputy Under Secretary for Research and Engineering.
Lisa Porter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 October 2018–Present
Established as a statutory position, originally named Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition) by
NDAA FY87, PL 99-661 (14 November 1986). Later, reflecting the change in the title of the Under Secretary
of Defense (Acquisition), this official became the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and
Technology). The position was designated Principal Deputy Under Secretary (Acquisition, Technology, and
Logistics) by DoD Directive 5134.14 (29 December 2010).
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, PL 115-81, created the position of Under Secretary of Defense for
Acquisition and Sustainment and disestablished the position of Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition,
Technology, and Logistics. The NDAA for FY18 replaced the Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics with a Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and
Sustainment.
Milton Lohr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 October 1988–12 May 1989

Donald J. Yockey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 March 1990–3 December 1990
Donald C. Fraser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 December 1991–13 January 1993
Noel Longuemare Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 November 1993–21 November 1997
David Oliver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 1998–14 July 2001
Michael W. Wynne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 July 2001–3 November 2005
James I. Finley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 2006–20 January 2009
Frank Kendall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 March 2010–24 May 2012
Alan F. Estevez (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 June 2012–29 October 2013
Alan F. Estevez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 November 2013–20 January 2017
Alan R. Shaffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 January 2019–Present

C. Policy
Established by the National Defense Authorization Act for 1992–1993, PL 102-190 (5 December 1991).
Designated Principal Deputy Under Secretary by DoD Directive 5111.03 (8 December 1999).
I. Lewis Libby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 August 1992–10 January 1993

Walter B. Slocombe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 1993–14 September 1994
Jan M. Lodal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 October 1994–30 September 1998
James M. Bodner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1998–19 January 2001
Stephen A. Cambone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 July 2001–1 July 2002
Christopher Ryan Henry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 February 2003–August 2008
James N. Miller Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 April 2009–24 May 2012
Kathleen H. Hicks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 May 2012–2 July 2013
Brian McKeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 July 2014–20 January 2017
Theresa Whelan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 January 2017–17 October 2017
David J. Trachtenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 October 2017–Present
Position established by law as one of five Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense positions in NDAA
FY10, PL 11-84 (28 October 2009).
Michael J. McCord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 June 2010–26 June 2014

John P. Roth (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 June 2014–22 December 2015
John C Conger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 December 2015–20 January 2017
Vacant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–2 August 2017
Elaine McCusker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 August 2017–Present
Position established by NDAA FY02, PL 107-107 (28 December 2001). DoD Directive 5124.08, 16 July 2003,
added the word Principal to this official title.
Charles S. Abell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 November 2002–2006

Michael L. Dominguez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 July 2006–20 January 2009
William J. Carr (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009–2010
Jo Ann Rooney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 June 2011–24 May 2012
Laura Junor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 July 2014–May 2015
Vacant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Present

F. Intelligence
Position established by law as one of five Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense positions in NDAA
FY10, PL 11-84 (28 October 2009).
Thomas A. Ferguson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 2007–September 2013

Marcel Lettre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 November 2013–5 February 2016
Vacant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 June 2017
Todd Lowery (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 February 2016–2 June 2017
Kari A. Bingen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 June 2017–Present

X. Assistant Secretaries of Defense

The number, titles, and duties of the Assistant Secretaries, with or without specific statutory designation, have
changed over the years as needs or interests demanded. The current Assistant Secretary positions are listed
alphabetically by current title in section A of this part, with their direct lineal predecessor positions (if any) listed
therein chronologically. Positions that are no longer at an Assistant Secretary level but were originally so ranked
are included in section B, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions.
A. Current Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions
There currently are 13 Assistant Secretary positions:
1. Acquisition
4. Health Affairs
8. Sustainment
10. Readiness
12. Special Operations and Low-intensity Conflict
1. Acquisition
Position established by Section 906(b) of NDAA FY10, PL 111-84 (28 October 2009) to serve as principal
adviser to the Secretary of Defense and the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and
Logistics on matters relating to acquisition.
Katrina G. McFarland (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 2011–24 May 2012

Katrina G. McFarland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 May 2012–20 January 2017
Dyke Weatherington (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–14 December 2017
James A. MacStravic (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 December 2017–18 February 2018
Kevin M. Fahey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 February 2018–Present

The position was created and defined as a result of the reorganization of the Office of the Under Secretary of
Defense (Policy) announced in September 2006. It was formerly a position at the Deputy Assistant Secretary of
Defense level under the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs).

The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Asian and Pacific Security Affairs) is the principal adviser to the Under
Secretary of Defense (Policy) and the Secretary of Defense on international security strategy and policy issues
of interest to DoD that relate to the governments and defense establishments of the nations and international
organizations within the Asia-Pacific region. Also responsible for oversight of security cooperation programs
and foreign military sales programs within the regions under its supervision, in close cooperation with U.S.
Pacific Command and U.S. Central Command. Represents the Department of Defense in interagency policy
deliberations and international negotiations related to the Asia-Pacific region. This position was established
under the authority of United States Code, Title 10, section 138, at the discretion of the Secretary of Defense.
after region.
James J. Shinn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 December 2007–14 November 2008

Mitchell Shivers (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 November 2008–20 January 2009
Wallace Gregson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 May 2009–1 April 2011
Peter R. Lavoy (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 April 2011–8 May 2012
Mark W. Lippert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 May 2012–24 April 2013
Peter R. Lavoy (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 May 2013–10 January 2014
David Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 July 2014–20 January 2017
David Helvey (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–29 December 2017
Randall G. Schriver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 December 2017–Present

The position of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational Energy Plans and Programs (OEP&P) was
established by Congress in Section 902 of NDAA FY09, PL 110-417 (14 October 2008). The Assistant Secretary
is to lead, oversee, and be accountable for operational energy plans and programs within DoD and the military
services, as well as establish, coordinate, and implement the Department’s operational energy strategy and
advise the Secretary and Deputy Secretary regarding operational energy plans, programs, and policy. Congress
further elaborated on the activities and subordination of this office in Section 903 of NDAA FY10, PL 111-84
(28 October 2009).
Sharon E. Burke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 June 2010–9 May 2014
On 19 December, 2014, the position merged with the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installations and
Environment when the 2015 National Defense Authorization Act was signed into law. In addition to its prior
responsibilities, the position is to create policies to improve facility energy efficiency, increase renewable energy
use on U.S. installations and operations, promote energy security, and manage environmental compliance,
conservation, and clean-up programs.
John Conger (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 December 2014–20 January 2017
Lucian Niemeyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017-Present
4. Health Affairs
Chairman, Armed Forces Medical Policy Council

Position established in 1949.
Dr. Raymond B. Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 July 1949–30 September 1949

Dr. Richard L. Meiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1949–2 January 1951
Dr. William R. Lovelace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1951–31 March 1952

Dr. Melvin A. Casberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 April 1952–31 March 1953

Reorganization Plan No. 6 (1953) abolished the council. The new position of Assistant to the Secretary of
Defense (Health Affairs) assumed the functions.
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)

Dr. Melvin A. Casberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 April 1953–2 August 1953
Position title changed to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health and Medical) on 3 August 1953, and some
functions transferred to the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower). (See part IX.B.6, Former Assistant
Secretary of Defense Positions, Manpower.)
Dr. Melvin A. Casberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 August 1953–27 January 1954

Dr. Frank B. Berry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 January 1954–31 January 1961
Position abolished on 31 January 1961, and functions transferred to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health and Environment)

Position established on 23 June 1970 by DoD Directive 5136.1 after Congress (PL 91-121, 19 November 1969)
designated one Assistant Secretary position for health affairs.
Dr. Louis M. Rousselot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 July 1970–1 July 1971

Dr. Richard S. Wilbur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 July 1971–1 September 1973
Dr. James R. Cowan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 February 1974–1 March 1976
Vernon McKenzie (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 March 1976–8 March 1976
On 22 January 1976, the position title changed to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)

The Secretary is responsible for overall supervision of the health and medical affairs of DoD. Serves as the
principal staff assistant and adviser to the Secretary of Defense for all DoD health policies, programs, and
activities, exercising oversight of all DoD health resources. Reports to the Under Secretary of Defense for
Personnel and Readiness. One of five discretionary ASDs.
Dr. Robert N. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 August 1976–7 January 1978

Vernon McKenzie (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 January 1978–14 August 1979
Dr. John Moxley III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 September 1979–9 August 1981
Dr. John Beary (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 August 1981–24 September 1983
Vernon McKenzie (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 September 1983–17 November 1983
Dr. William Mayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 November 1983–21 April 1989
Dr. Enrique Mendez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 March 1990–20 January 1993
Dr. Edward D. Martin (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 1993–23 March 1994
Dr. Stephen C. Joseph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 March 1994–31 March 1997
Dr. Edward D. Martin (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 April 1997–26 May 1998
Dr. Sue Bailey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 May 1998–10 August 2000
Dr. William Winkenwerder Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 October 2001–12 April 2007
Dr. S. Ward Casscells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 April 2007–29 April 2009
Dr. Charles Rice (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 March 2010–6 September 2010
Dr. Jonathan Woodson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 January 2011–1 May 2016

Dr. David Smith (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–23 August 2017
Thomas McCaffery (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 August 2017–Present

This position was created as the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense) by the Bob Stump National
Defense Authorization Act for FY 2003, PL 107-314 (2 December 2002). The Secretary’s principal duty is the
overall supervision of DoD homeland defense activities, reporting to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.
As a result of the reorganization of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) announced in
September 2006, the position was renamed Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and Americas’
Security Affairs), connoting its responsibilities for North and South American security issues.
Paul F. McHale* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 February 2003–20 January 2009

Paul N. Stockton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 2009–22 January 2013
*McHale was called to active duty by the Marine Corps and deployed to Afghanistan December 2006–July
2007. No one was formally named as acting ASD in his absence.
In order to comply with Section 906 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Secretary
Hagel eliminated the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Global Security Affairs) position. Responsibility for
cyberspace, space, and countering weapons of mass destruction policies were transferred to Homeland Defense
and the position was renamed Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and Global Security) when the
nominee was confirmed.
Eric Rosenbach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 September 2014–6 July 2015

Thomas F. Atkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 November 2014–20 January 2017
Kenneth Rapuano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 June 2017–Present
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs)

Between 1947 and 1949, one of the three Special Assistants to the Secretary of Defense, positions established by
the National Security Act of 1949, PL 80-253 (26 July 1947), handled international security affairs. In 1949, the
Secretary of Defense created the position of Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs.
One of five discretionary ASDs.
John H. Ohly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 March 1949–1 December 1949

Maj. Gen. James H. Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 December 1949–27 August 1951
Frank C. Nash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 August 1951–10 February 1953
Position changed in 1953 to Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs), based on
Reorganization Plan No. 6, 30 June 1953, authorizing six new Assistant Secretaries of Defense.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs)

Responsible for the formulation and coordination of international security strategy and policy. Reported to the
Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) when that office came into existence in 1977. Its scope of responsibility
narrowed and changed over the years as DoD established other Assistant Secretaries of Defense within Policy
beginning with the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Policy) in 1981.

Frank C. Nash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 February 1953–28 February 1954

H. Struve Hensel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 March 1954–30 June 1955
Gordon Gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 July 1955–27 February 1957
Mansfield D. Sprague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 February 1957–3 October 1958
John N. Irwin II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 October 1958–20 January 1961
Paul H. Nitze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 January 1961–29 November 1963
William P. Bundy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 November 1963–14 March 1964
John T. McNaughton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1964–19 July 1967
Paul C. Warnke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 1967–15 February 1969
G. Warren Nutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 March 1969–30 January 1973
Lawrence Eagleburger (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 January 1973–10 May 1973
Robert C. Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 May 1973–5 January 1974
Vice Adm. Ray Peet (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 January 1974–1 April 1974
Amos A. Jordan (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 April 1974–4 June 1974
Robert F. Ellsworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 June 1974–22 December 1975
Amos A. Jordan (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 December 1975–5 May 1976
Eugene V. McAuliffe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 May 1976–1 April 1977
David E. McGiffert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 April 1977–20 January 1981
Francis J. West Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 April 1981–1 April 1983
Richard L. Armitage (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 April 1983–5 June 1983
Richard L. Armitage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 June 1983–5 June 1989
Henry S. Rowen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 June 1989–31 July 1991
James R. Lilley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 December 1991–20 January 1993
Position abolished in 1993, with some functions transferred to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Regional
Security Affairs. (See part IX.B.8, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions, Security Policy.) It was
reestablished in 1994.
Charles Freeman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 April 1994–14 September 1994
Joseph S. Nye Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 September 1994–16 December 1995
Franklin D. Kramer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 March 1996–16 February 2001
Peter W. Rodman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 July 2001–2 March 2007
Mary Beth Long (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 March 2007–21 December 2007
Mary Beth Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 December 2007–20 January 2009
Alexander R. Vershbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 April 2009–10 February 2012
Joseph McMillan (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 February 2012–23 May 2012
Derek H. Chollet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 May 2012–16 January 2015
Elissa S. Slotkin (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 January 2015–20 January 2017
Robert Story Karem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 June 2017–4 November 2018
Kathryn Wheelbarger (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 November 2018–Present

Special Assistant (Legal and Legislative Affairs)

Position established at creation of the National Military Establishment (Department of Defense) in 1947 when
the first Secretary of Defense assigned the responsibility to one of three Special Assistants.
Marx Leva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 September 1947–11 September 1949

Position then assigned to one of three Assistant Secretaries authorized by the 1949 amendments to the National
Security Act, PL 81-216 (10 August 1949), and retitled Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legal and Legislative Affairs).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legal and Legislative Affairs)

Marx Leva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 September 1949–1 May 1951
Daniel K. Edwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 May 1951–19 November 1951
Charles A. Coolidge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 November 1951–31 December 1952
Position abolished in 1953. Functions divided and transferred to General Counsel and to Assistant Secretary
of Defense (Legislative and Public Affairs). (See part IX.B.5, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions,
Legislative and Public Affairs.)
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs)

Brig. Gen. Clarence J. Hauck Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 1957–April 1959
George W. Vaughan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 1959–March 1960
Brig. Gen. James D. Hittle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 1960–November 1960
Norman S. Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 January 1961–30 June 1962
David E. McGiffert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 August 1962–30 June 1965
Jack L. Stempler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 December 1965–4 January 1970
Richard G. Capen Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 January 1970–1 May 1971
Rady A. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 May 1971–10 March 1973
Col. George L.J. Dalferes (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 March 1973–17 April 1973
Position redesignated Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs) on 11 April 1973.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs)

John O. Marsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 April 1973–15 February 1974
John M. Maury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 April 1974–28 February 1976
William K. Brehm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 March 1976–20 January 1977
Position redesignated Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs) on 23 March 1977.

Jack L. Stempler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 March 1977–19 January 1981
Position redesignated Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs) in 1981 by DoD Directive 5142.1, 2
July 1982.

Russell A. Rourke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 May 1981–8 December 1985

M.D.B. Carlisle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 August 1986–28 April 1989

David J. Gribbin III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 May 1989–18 January 1993
Position redesignated Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs) in 1993.

Sandra K. Stuart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 1993–15 September 1994
Position redesignated Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs) in 1994. The National Defense
Authorization Act for FY94, PL 103-160, 30 November 1993, gave statutory standing to this position.

The principal staff assistant to the Secretary of Defense for DoD relations with members of Congress and
congressional liaison for testimony at congressional hearings. Coordinates the Department’s legislative program.
Sandra K. Stuart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 September 1994–27 February 1999

John K. Veroneau (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 March 1999–10 November 1999
John K. Veroneau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 November 1999–16 February 2001
Powell A. Moore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 May 2001–December 2004
Daniel B. Stanley (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 2004–30 June 2005
Daniel B. Stanley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 June 2005–January 2006
Robert L. Wilkie (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 January 2006–29 September 2006
Robert L. Wilkie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 September 2006–20 January 2009
Elizabeth L. King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 May 2009–31 December 2014
Michael J. Stella (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 January 2015–April 2015
Stephen Hedger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 2015-July 2016
Tressa Guenov (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 2016-20 January 2017
Pete Giambastiani (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–31 July 2017
Robert Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 2017–Present
8. Sustainment
The National Defense Authorization Act for FY00, PL 106-65 5 October 1999), created the position of Deputy
Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness as a second Deputy Under Secretary reporting
to the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics). Congress intended to emphasize the
importance of these functions by making this position the top adviser to the Secretary of Defense and the Under
Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) on logistics and materiel readiness issues. Position
retitled from Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Logistics and Materiel Readiness) in NDAA FY10, PL 111-84
(28 October 2009), as part of an overall effort to limit the number of Deputy Under Secretary positions.
As part of the restructuring of the acquisition, technology, and logistics reorganization as mandated by section
901 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, PL 114-328, the position of Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness was replaced with the position of Assistant Secretary
of Defense for Sustainment.
Roger W. Kallock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 September 2000–19 January 2001

Diane Morales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 July 2001–2 January 2004
Phillip Jackson Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 August 2005–28 April 2009

Alan F. Estevez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 August 2011–29 October 2013

David J. Berteau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 December 2015–26 March 2016
Kristin French (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 July 2016–16 October 2016
Robert H. McMahon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 October 2018–Present
Chairman, Military Liaison Committee

Committee established by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, PL 79-585, 1 August 1946. Amendments to the
Atomic Energy Act of 1949, PL 81-347, 11 October 1949, provided that the President appoint the Chairman,
with advice and consent of the Senate, and that the Secretary of Defense designate committee members.
Lt. Gen. Lewis H. Brereton, USAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 July 1947–30 March 1948

Donald F. Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 April 1948–21 September 1948
William Webster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 September 1948–30 September 1949
Robert LeBaron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1949–1 August 1954
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy
From 13 April 1953, the Chairman of the Military Liaison Committee also served as Assistant to the Secretary
of Defense for Atomic Energy.
Herbert B. Loper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 August 1954–14 July 1961

Gerald W. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 August 1961–15 September 1963
William J. Howard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 January 1964–15 June 1966
Carl Walske . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 October 1966–15 April 1973
Donald R. Cotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 October 1973–17 March 1978
James P. Wade Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 August 1978–14 June 1981
James P. Wade Jr. (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 June 1981–5 June 1982
Richard Wagner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 June 1982–1 April 1986
Robert B. Barker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 October 1986–14 November 1986
The National Defense Authorization Act for FY87, PL 99-661, 14 November 1986, abolished the Military
Liaison Committee and established the Nuclear Weapons Council, but the position of Assistant to the Secretary
of Defense (Atomic Energy) continued. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1988–1989, PL
100-180, 4 December 1987, formally established the position in law.
Robert B. Barker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 November 1986–29 May 1992

John Birely (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 May 1992–6 May 1993
Harold P. Smith Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 1993–10 March 1996
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense
(Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs)
The National Defense Authorization Act for FY96, PL 104-106, 10 February 1996, redesignated the Assistant
to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy) as Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Nuclear, Chemical, and
Biological Defense Programs), effective 22 February 1996. See change 1 to DoD Directive 5134.8, 11 March 1996.
Harold P. Smith Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 March 1996–31 January 1998

Dale E. Klein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 November 2001–30 June 2006
Arthur T. Hopkins (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 June 2006–8 July 2008

Frederick S. Celec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 July 2008–19 May 2009
(Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs)
Section 905 of NDAA FY09, PL 110-147 (14 October 2008), modified the status of this position to be equivalent
to that of an Assistant Secretary of Defense. Section 901 of NDAA FY11 (PL 111-383) changed the title to
Assistant Secretary of Defense.
Andrew C. Weber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 May 2009–17 October 2014

Arthur T. Hopkins (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 2015–21 November 2017
Guy B. Roberts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 November 2017–2 April 2019
Alan R. Shaffer (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 April 2019-Present
10. Readiness
The Deputy Secretary of Defense established this position in a memorandum of May 23, 2011. The Assistant
Secretary of Defense (Readiness and Force Management) is responsible for developing policies, providing advice,
and making recommendations to the Under Secretary and Principal Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and
Readiness) and the Secretary in the areas of civilian and military personnel policy, readiness of the force, and
military community and family policy. Additionally, the Assistant Secretary of Defense is responsible for allocating
assigned resources and providing oversight of subordinate activities, including the Department of Defense
Education Activity and the Defense Commissary Agency. One of five discretionary ASDs.
Lynn C. Simpson (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 2010–April 2011

Frederick E. Vollrath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 April 2013–15 June 2014
Vacant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 June 2014–13 November 2016
Elizabeth Van Winkle (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 November 2016–29 October 2017
Veronica B. Daigle (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 October 2017–Present

Position mandated by the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984, PL 98-94, 24 September 1983, with
functions transferred from the disestablished Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and
Logistics) on 1 October 1983. (See part IX.B.6, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions, Manpower.)
Responsibilities established by DoD Directive 5125.1, 12 January 1984. The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve
Affairs) is the principal staff assistant and adviser on Reserve Affairs to the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel
and Readiness) and to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense. The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve
Affairs) reports directly to the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) and exercises authority,
direction, and control over the National Committee for Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve.
James H. Webb Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 May 1984–10 April 1987

Stephen M. Duncan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 October 1987–20 January 1993
Deborah R. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 1993–11 April 1998
Charles L. Cragin (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 April 1998–31 May 2001
Thomas F. Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 October 2002–8 April 2009
Dennis M. McCarthy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 June 2009–1 June 2011
David L. McGinnis (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 2011–24 May 2012

Jessica L. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 May 2012–31 December 2012

Todd A. Weiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 May 2016–20 January 2017
Stephanie Barna (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–31 July 2018
Virginia Penrod (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 July 2018–12 October 2018
James Stewart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 October 2018-Present
13. Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict)

Position mandated by NDAA FY87, PL 99-661 (14 November 1986) and officially established on 4 January
1988 by DoD Directive 5138.3. Assisted Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) in development of policy and
plans for low-intensity conflict activities and special operations, including civil affairs and psychological
operations.
Charles S. Whitehouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 July 1988–12 July 1989

Seth Cropsey (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 July 1989–18 October 1989
James R. Locher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 October 1989–19 June 1993
H. Allen Holmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 November 1993–30 April 1999
Brian E. Sheridan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 May 1999–12 January 2001
Thomas W. O’Connell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 July 2003–17 April 2007
Michael G. Vickers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 July 2007–17 March 2011
Michael Lumpkin (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 March 2011–19 December 2011
Michael G. Sheehan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 December 2011–25 August 2013
Michael Lumpkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 November 2013–26 July 2015
Theresa M. Whelan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 July 2015–30 May 2017
Caryn Hollis (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 May 2017–1 August 2017
Mark E. Mitchell (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 August 2017–20 December 2017
Owen O. West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 December 2017–Present
Position renamed Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations/Low-Intensity Conflict and Interdependent
Capabilities) as part of the reorganization of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) announced
in September 2006. Major responsibilities of the office were realigned to include strategic capabilities, force
transformation, and major budget programs, in addition to special operations and low-intensity conflict. The
title reverted to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict) with Change 2
to DoD Directive 5110.10, dated 21 October 2011.

Position was established on 9 January 2015, replacing the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Strategy,
Plans, and Forces). In addition, the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy, Plans, and Capabilities) assumed
responsibility for security cooperation and nuclear and missile defense policy missions that were previously
managed by the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflicts) and Assistant
Secretary of Defense (Global Strategic Affairs). One of five discretionary ASD positions.
Robert Scher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 December 2014–18 March 2017

Thomas Harvey (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–30 August 2018

James H. Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 August 2018–Present
B. Former Assistant Secretary of Defense AND

DIRECTOR Positions
These positions are grouped by function for ease of finding comparable positions that may or may not have
similar names.
1. Administration
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Administration and Public Affairs)
Position established as one of the three Assistant Secretary posts authorized by the amendments to the National
Security Act, PL 81-216, 10 August 1949.
Paul H. Griffith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 September 1949–15 November 1950

Position abolished in 1950 and duties assigned to the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower). (See item 6 in
this section, Manpower.)
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Administration)

Position established 1 July 1964.
Solis Horwitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1964–29 January 1969

Robert F. Froehlke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 January 1969–30 June 1971
David O. Cooke (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 June 1971–3 November 1971
Position abolished on 3 November 1971. Functions transferred to newly created offices of Deputy Assistant
Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) for Administration and Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence). (For
Assistant Secretary of Defense [Intelligence], see IX.B.3 in this section, Command, Control, Communications,
and Intelligence.)
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) for Administration

David O. Cooke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 November 1971–23 May 1988
Position changed on 24 May 1988 to Director of Administration and Management, per DoD Directive 5105.53.
Director of Administration and Management

Coordinates administration and organizational matters Department-wide. Functioned also as Director,
Washington Headquarters Services (established by DoD Directive 5110.4, 1 October 1977) from 1977 into 2002,
when the Director of WHS became a separate billet.
David O. Cooke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 May 1988–22 June 2002

Raymond F. DuBois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . assumed duties 1 October 2002;
officially appointed 18 June 2003–May 2005
Michael B. Donley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 May 2005–21 June 2008

Michael L. Rhodes (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 June 2008–25 March 2010
Michael L. Rhodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 March 2010–25 January 2019

Sajeel Ahmed (Acting) …………………………………………………………………31 January 2019–Present

Position changed on 13 August 2014 to Director of Administration, per DoD Directive 5230.29.
2. Civil Defense
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Civil Defense)
Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958, 1 July 1958, transferred to the President the civil defense functions formerly
assigned to the Federal Civil Defense Administration. The President delegated these functions to the Secretary
of Defense by Executive Order 10952, 20 July 1961. Position created 31 August 1961, and abolished 1 April
1964.
Steuart L. Pittman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 September 1961–1 April 1964

The Office of Civil Defense moved to the Secretary of the Army in 1964. The Defense Civil Preparedness
Agency then assumed responsibility for civil defense. When Reorganization Plan No. 3, 19 June 1978, led to
the dissolution of this agency on 15 July 1979, the director of the new Federal Emergency Management Agency
assumed responsibility for civil defense.
3. Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence

Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Telecommunications)
Position established in May 1970.
Louis A. deRosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 1970–May 1971

Assistant Secretary of Defense (Telecommunications)
Position established 11 January 1972, replacing position of Assistant to the Secretary of Defense
(Telecommunications).
Eberhardt Rechtin (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 January 1972–15 February 1972

Eberhardt Rechtin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 February 1972–29 September 1973
David L. Solomon (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 September 1973–17 January 1974
Position abolished 17 January 1974, and functions transferred to Director, Telecommunications and Command
and Control Systems, by DoD Directive 5135.1.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence)

Position established 3 November 1971, with some functions transferred from Assistant Secretary of Defense
(Administration). (See item 1 in this section, Administration.)
Albert C. Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 November 1971–25 March 1976

Additional designation of Director of Defense Intelligence added 20 July 1976. Position abolished on 11 March 1977.
Director, Telecommunications and Command and Control Systems

David L. Solomon (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 January 1974–18 February 1974
Thomas C. Reed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 February 1974–2 January 1976
Richard Shriver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 February 1976–20 January 1977
Position abolished on 11 March 1977, with the establishment of the position of Assistant Secretary of Defense
(Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence).

Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications, and

Intelligence)
Position established by DoD Directive 5137.1, 11 March 1977, replacing positions of Director,
Telecommunications and Command and Control Systems and Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence)/
Director of Defense Intelligence. The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications,
and Intelligence) also served as Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering,
effective 21 October 1977.
Gerald P. Dinneen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 April 1977–20 January 1981

In March 1981, the position was retitled Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Command, Control,
Communications, and Intelligence.
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications,

and Intelligence
Donald C. Latham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 July 1981–16 August 1984
This position was officially reestablished as an Assistant Secretary of Defense by DoD Directive 5137.1, 2 April 1985.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications, and

Intelligence)
The position was mandated by the Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1984, PL 98-94 (24 September
1983).The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence) was principal
staff officer to the Secretary of Defense in his role as executive for the National Communications System. DoD
Directive 5137.1 (12 February 1992) set forth his responsibilities in establishing and implementing information
management policies. Directed the Defense Information Systems Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and
the Defense Security Service. Subsequent directives enlarged the areas of supervision.
Donald C. Latham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 August 1984–6 July 1987

Thomas P. Quinn (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 July 1987–23 May 1988
Gordon A. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 May 1988–12 May 1989
Thomas P. Quinn (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 May 1989–19 November 1989
Duane Andrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 November 1989–20 January 1993
Emmett Paige Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 June 1993–23 May 1997
Arthur L. Money (Senior Civilian Official) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 February 1998–5 October 1999
Arthur L. Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 October 1999–7 April 2001
John P. Stenbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 August 2001–8 May 2003
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information Integration)
The title of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence) changed to
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information Integration) in May 2003. As of 11 January 2012,
the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information Integration) position was disbanded and its
authorities, responsibilities, personnel, and resources were transferred to the DoD Chief Information Officer. The
Defense Information Systems Agency reports to the Chief Information Officer.
John P. Stenbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 May 2003–6 March 2004

Linton Wells II (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 March 2004–14 November 2005
John Grimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 November 2005–30 April 2009

Cheryl Roby (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 May 2009–26 October 2010

Teresa M. Takai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 October 2010–11 January 2012
4. Comptroller
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
The position originally was one of three Assistant Secretaries of Defense created by the 1949 amendments to
the National Security Act of 1947. The Comptroller is the chief Defense Department official for budgetary and
fiscal matters and the Chief Financial Officer. The function was previously performed by one of three special
assistants created by the National Security Act of 1947.
Wilfred J. McNeil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 September 1949–1 November 1959

Franklin B. Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 December 1959–20 January 1961
Charles J. Hitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 February 1961–31 July 1965
Robert N. Anthony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 September 1965–31 July 1968
Robert C. Moot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 August 1968–9 January 1973
Don R. Brazier (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 January 1973–20 January 1973
Terence E. McClary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 June 1973–31 August 1976
Fred P. Wacker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 September 1976–29 February 1980
Jack R. Borsting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 August 1980–31 December 1982
John R. Quetsch (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 1983–23 February 1983
Vincent Puritano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 February 1983–30 May 1984
John R. Quetsch (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 May 1984–14 August 1984
Robert W. Helm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 August 1984–1 October 1986
The position was designated Department of Defense Comptroller in 1986 by the Goldwater-Nichols Department
of Defense Reorganization Act with the same status as an Assistant Secretary, although not so titled.
Department of Defense Comptroller

Responsibilities included direction of the Defense Contract Agency and the Defense Finance and Accounting
Service in addition to budget and contract responsibilities.
Robert W. Helm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1986–1 September 1988

Clyde O. Glaister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 October 1988–22 May 1989
Sean O’Keefe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 May 1989–7 July 1992
Donald B. Shycoff (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 July 1992–2 April 1993
Alice Maroni (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 May 1993–26 October 1993
John J. Hamre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 October 1993–5 September 1994
In 1989, the Defense Comptroller was elevated to the level of an Under Secretary. (For the successor
organization, see part VI.C, Under Secretary of Defense, Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer.)
5. Public Affairs
Assistant to the Secretary (Director, Office of Public Information)
Position established by the Secretary of Defense on 14 July 1948.
Harold B. Hinton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 July 1948–12 March 1949

William Frye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 March 1949–19 February 1950

Osgood Roberts (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 February 1950–24 January 1951
Clayton Fritchey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 January 1951–1 June 1952
Andrew H. Berding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1952–18 November 1953
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative and Public Affairs)
Position redesignated Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative and Public Affairs) as a result of
Reorganization Plan No. 6, 30 June 1953, which increased the number of Assistant Secretaries of Defense,
and Defense Directive 5122.1, 22 September 1953. (See part IX.B.5, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense
Positions, Legislative and Public Affairs.)
Frederick A. Seaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 September 1953–20 February 1955

Robert Tripp Ross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 March 1955–20 February 1957
Position abolished in 1957. Functions divided and transferred to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs)
and Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs). See DoD Directive 5105.13, 10 August 1957.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs)

Position established by Deputy Secretary of Defense memo, 21 February 1957. See DoD Directive 5105.13, 10
August 1957.
Murray Snyder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 March 1957–20 January 1961

Arthur Sylvester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 1961–3 February 1967
Philip G. Goulding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 February 1967–20 January 1969
Daniel Z. Henkin (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 1969–25 May 1969
Daniel Z. Henkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 May 1969–20 January 1973
Jerry W. Friedheim (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 1973–13 April 1973
Jerry W. Friedheim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 April 1973–20 September 1974
William Beecher (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 September 1974–11 February 1975
Joseph Laitin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 February 1975–19 December 1975
William I. Greener Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 December 1975–31 July 1976
M. Alan Woods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 August 1976–21 January 1977
Thomas B. Ross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 March 1977–20 January 1981
Henry E. Catto Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 May 1981–16 September 1983
Benjamin Welles (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 September 1983–1 November 1983
Mary Lou Sheils (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 November 1983–22 November 1983
Michael I. Burch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 November 1983–22 June 1985
Fred Hoffman (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 June 1985–1 October 1985
Robert B. Sims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 October 1985–20 September 1987
Fred Hoffman (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 September 1987–2 February 1988
J. Daniel Howard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 February 1988–21 March 1989
Louis A. Williams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 May 1989–20 January 1993
Position title changed to Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs on 22 January 1993. Confirmed
by DoD Directive 5122.5, 2 December 1993.

Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs

Vernon A. Guidry Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 January 1993–18 July 1993
Kathleen deLaski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 July 1993–5 August 1994
Kenneth H. Bacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 September 1994–29 March 1996
Position title changed to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) in DoD Directive 5122.5, 29 March
1996, after the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 1995, PL 103-337 (5 October 1994), increased the
number of Assistant Secretaries from 10 to 11.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs)

Principal staff adviser and assistant to the Secretary of Defense for DoD public information, internal
information, the Freedom of Information Act, mandatory declassification review and clearance of DoD
information for public release, community relations, information training, and audiovisual matters. Exercises
direction, authority, and control over the Defense Media Activity.
Kenneth H. Bacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 March 1996–19 January 2001

Victoria Clarke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 May 2001–20 June 2003
Lawrence Di Rita (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 August 2003–22 September 2005
J. Dorrance Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 January 2006–20 January 2009
Price Floyd (Performing the duties of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dates not established
Douglas B. Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 February 2010–31 March 2012
George Little (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 April 2012–8 October 2012
In a memo from the Secretary of Defense, the position was retitled to Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for
Public Affairs, effective 9 October 2012.
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs

George Little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 October 2012–15 November 2013
Brent Colburn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 December 2014–20 January 2017
Dana W. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 April 2017–31 December 2018
Charles E. Summers Jr. (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 January 2019-April 2019
Jonathan Hoffman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 2019–Present
6. Manpower
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower and Personnel)
Secretary of Defense George C. Marshall established this position in late 1950, when he abolished the position
of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Administration and Public Affairs). In September 1955, the position was
redesignated Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Personnel, and Reserve), and in 1961, Assistant
Secretary of Defense (Manpower). PL 90-168, the Reserve Forces Bill of Rights and Vitalization Act, 1 January
1968, changed the title to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower and Reserve Affairs).
Anna M. Rosenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 November 1950–20 January 1953

John A. Hannah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 February 1953–31 July 1954
Carter L. Burgess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 September 1954–22 January 1957
William H. Francis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 April 1957–24 May 1958
Charles O. Finucane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 July 1958–19 January 1961
Carlisle P. Runge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 February 1961–30 July 1962
Norman S. Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 August 1962–30 September 1965

Thomas D. Morris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1965–31 August 1967
Alfred B. Fitt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 December 1967–20 February 1969
Roger T. Kelley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 March 1969–1 June 1973
Carl W. Clewlow (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 1973–1 September 1973
William K. Brehm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 September 1973–18 March 1976
David P. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 July 1976–12 February 1977
The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Logistics) assumed all functions of
the position on 22 April 1977, DoD Directive 5124.1, 20 April 1977. This canceled DoD Directive 5120.27,
establishing an Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), and DoD Directive 5126.22,
establishing the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installations and Logistics). (See part IX.B.9, Former Assistant
Secretary of Defense Positions, Supply, Logistics, and Installations.)
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Logistics)

John P. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 May 1977–31 October 1978
Robert B. Pirie Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 June 1979–20 January 1981
Lawrence J. Korb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 May 1981–12 January 1984
Position title was changed, with Reserve Affairs functions transferred to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve
Affairs), on 1 October 1983. Installations and logistics transferred to the new Assistant Secretary of Defense
(Acquisition and Logistics), established 5 July 1985. (See part IX.B.9, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense
Positions, Supply, Logistics, and Installations.)
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Installations, and Logistics)

Lawrence J. Korb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 January 1984–5 July 1985
New title became Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel), with position assuming
only manpower duties on 5 July 1985.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel)

Position established by DoD Directive 5124.2, 13 March 1985. Responsible for military and civilian manpower
training, family matters, and review of manpower requirements, both military and civilian. Exercised direction
of equal opportunity matters.
Lawrence J. Korb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 July 1985–31 August 1985

Chapman B. Cox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 December 1985–8 July 1987
Grant S. Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 February 1988–5 March 1989
Christopher Jehn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 November 1989–20 January 1993
Edwin Dorn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 July 1993–16 March 1994
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994, PL 103-160 (30 November 1993), established the
position of Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) and abolished the position of Assistant Secretary
of Defense (Force Management and Personnel). DoD Directive 5124.2, 17 March 1994, spelled out the Under
Secretary’s duties, including authority over the Assistant Secretaries for Health Affairs and Reserve Affairs.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management Policy)

Established on 7 July 1994 as the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management) under Personnel and
Readiness, the title changed to Force Management Policy by DoD Directive No. 5124.5, 31 October 1994.
Frederick F.Y. Pang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 October 1994–15 November 1997

Francis M. Rush Jr. (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 November 1997–12 November 1999
Alphonso Maldon Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 November 1999–19 January 2001
Charles S. Abell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 May 2001–14 November 2002
The position was abolished in November 2002 when the new Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel
and Readiness) took office.
7. Research and Engineering

Chairman, Research and Development Board
Established by the National Security Act of 1947.
Vannevar Bush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 September 1947–14 October 1948
Karl T. Compton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 October 1948–14 March 1950
William Webster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 March 1950–31 July 1951
Walter G. Whitman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 August 1951–29 June 1953 
Board dissolved according to the provisions of Reorganization Plan No. 6 of 1953, and functions transferred to
the following two positions:
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research and Development)
Donald A. Quarles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 September 1953–14 August 1955
Clifford C. Furnas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 December 1955–15 February 1957
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Applications Engineering)
Frank D. Newbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 August 1953–17 March 1957
The Assistant Secretary positions for Research and Development and Applications Engineering were combined
in March 1957 to become the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research and Engineering).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research and Engineering)
Frank D. Newbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 March 1957–17 May 1957
Paul D. Foote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 September 1957–31 October 1958
The Defense Reorganization Act of 1958 retitled this position as the Director of Defense Research and
Engineering. While a director-level position typically is lower in status than an Assistant Secretary of Defense,
in this case the redesignation signaled an upgrade in status.
Director of Defense Research and Engineering
Herbert F. York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 December 1958–30 April 1961
Harold Brown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 May 1961–30 September 1965
John S. Foster, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 October 1965–21 June 1973
Malcolm R. Currie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 June 1973–20 January 1977
William J. Perry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 April 1977–21 October 1977
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research and Technology)
When established in 1984, the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research and Technology) reported to the Under
Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, then beginning in 1986 to the Under Secretary of Defense
(Acquisition).
Robert S. Cooper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 August 1984–6 July 1985
Robert C. Duncan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 August 1986–21 December 1987
The Military Retirement Reform Act (PL 99–384, 1 July 1986) reestablished the position of Director of Defense
Research and Engineering. This office was filled in December 1987 when the position of Assistant Secretary of
Defense (Research and Technology) was abolished.
Director of Defense Research and Engineering
This position reports to the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics).
Robert C. Duncan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 December 1987–20 November 1989
Charles M. Herzfeld. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 March 1990–8 May 1991
Victor Reis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 December 1991–30 May 1993
Anita Jones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 June 1993–23 May 1997
Hans M. Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 July 1998–10 May 2001
Ronald M. Sega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 August 2001–3 August 2005
John J. Young, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 November 2005–June 2008
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research and Engineering)
The National Defense Authorization Act signed on 7 January 2011 set forth a number of redesignated positions
within DoD. This included changing the Director of Defense Research and Engineering to Assistant Secretary
of Defense for Research and Engineering, with responsibility to provide strategic guidance and coordination for
science and technology investment across the Department.
Alan R. Shaffer (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 December 2012–26 June 2015
Stephen P. Welby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 February 2015–20 January 2017
Mary Miller (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 January 2017–Present
7B. Deputy Director of Defense Research and Engineering

The Deputy Director of Defense Research and Engineering was designated an Assistant Secretary of Defense
from 19 May 1961 to 15 July 1965.
John H. Rubel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 May 1961–15 June 1963
Eugene G. Fubini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 July 1963–15 July 1965
8. Security Policy
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Regional Security Affairs)
Established on 6 July 1993 by DoD Directive 5111.7. Principal assistant and adviser to the Under Secretary of
Defense (Policy) for the coordination of regional security strategy and policy and political-military policy on issues
relating to foreign governments and their defense establishments, excluding states of the former Soviet Union.
Charles Freeman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 July 1993–11 April 1994

The title of this position reverted to Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs) on 11 April
1994 (see part IX.A.6, Current Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions, International Security Affairs).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Policy)

New position created in April 1981. Position responsible for disarmament, arms control, and all political-
military activity involving NATO, other European countries, and the Soviet Union. Assumed these
responsibilities from the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs). Reported to the Under
Secretary of Defense (Policy).
Richard N. Perle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 August 1981–8 May 1987

Ronald F. Lehman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 February 1988–11 May 1989

Stephen J. Hadley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 June 1989–20 January 1993
Position abolished in 1993, with some functions assigned to the new Assistant Secretary of Defense (Nuclear
Security and Counterproliferation). Position reestablished in 1994.
Ashton B. Carter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 June 1994–14 September 1996
Franklin C. Miller (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 September 1996–1998
Jack D. Crouch II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 August 2001–31 October 2003
Peter C.W. Flory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 August 2005–December 2006
Position abolished in 2006 with responsibilities reassigned to other Assistant Secretaries of Defense.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Nuclear Security and Counterproliferation)

Ashton B. Carter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 June 1993–13 June 1994
Position established on 6 July 1993 by DoD Directive 5111.5 to replace the Assistant Secretary of Defense
(International Security Policy). The title of this position reverted on 13 June 1994 to Assistant Secretary of
Defense (International Security Policy), reporting to the Under Secretary of Defense (Policy).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Global Strategic Affairs)

New position reporting to the Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) as a result of reorganization of the Office
of the Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) announced in September 2006 and implemented by August 2007.
Although its responsibilities apparently were never enshrined in a directive, the office focused on building the
defense capabilities of partners and allies, coalition affairs, technology security policy, security cooperation,
counternarcotics, counterproliferation, detainee affairs, and prisoner of war/missing in action issues. DoD
Directive 2060.02, 19 April 2007, describes the responsibilities of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Global
Security Affairs) for responses to weapons of mass destruction incidents. Position renamed Assistant Secretary
of Defense (Global Strategic Affairs) and altered in scope in 2009.
Joseph A. Benkert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 July 2008–20 January 2009

Michael Nacht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 May 2009–20 May 2010
Kenneth Handelman (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 May 2010–1 August 2011
Madelyn R. Creedon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 August 2011–23 July 2014
The position was abolished in 2014. The functions of the office were transferred to the Assistant Secretary of
Defense (Homeland Security and Global Security) on 9 January 2015.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Threat Reduction)

Position established on 6 July 1993, as Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy, Requirements, and Resources).
The title subsequently changed to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Requirements) in March
1995 and then to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Threat Reduction) in February 2000. Primarily
responsible for defense strategy and ensuring that DoD’s resource allocation, force structure development,
weapons acquisition planning, and budgeting process support the strategy. Position dropped in 2001.
Edward L. Warner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 June 1993–29 September 2000

Assistant Secretary of Defense (Policy and Plans)
Position established 6 July 1993 and disestablished 15 March 1994.
Graham Allison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 August 1993–15 March 1994

Combatant Commands
9. Supply, Logistics, and Installations

Chairman, Munitions Board
The National Security Act of 1947 established this position.
Thomas J. Hargrave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 September 1947–20 September 1948

Donald F. Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 September 1948–30 June 1949
Hubert E. Howard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 November 1949–18 September 1950
John D. Small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 November 1950–20 January 1953
Reorganization Plan No. 6, 30 June 1953, abolished the Munitions Board and transferred its functions to the
Secretary of Defense and through him to the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Applications Engineering) (see part
IX.B.7, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Positions, Research and Engineering) and the Assistant Secretary
of Defense (Supply and Logistics).
Director of Installations
Position created by PL 82-534, 14 July 1952.
Frank Creedon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 August 1952–29 June 1953
Position abolished by Reorganization Plan No. 6, 30 June 1953, and functions transferred to Assistant Secretary
of Defense (Properties and Installations).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Properties and Installations)

Franklin G. Floete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 August 1953–4 March 1956
Floyd S. Bryant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 May 1956–20 January 1961
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Supply and Logistics)
Position established following Reorganization Plan No. 6, 30 June 1953, when Munitions Board was abolished.
Charles S. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 August 1953–2 May 1954

Thomas P. Pike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 May 1954–27 June 1956
E. Perkins McGuire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 December 1956–20 January 1961
This position and that of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Properties and Installations) combined to form
the position of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installations and Logistics), announced earlier but officially
established on 30 January 1961 in DoD Directive 5126.22.
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installations and Logistics)

Thomas D. Morris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 January 1961–11 December 1964
Paul R. Ignatius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 December 1964–31 August 1967
Thomas D. Morris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 September 1967–1 February 1969
Barry J. Shillito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 February 1969–1 February 1973
Arthur I. Mendolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 June 1973–31 March 1975
John J. Bennett (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 April 1975–9 February 1976
Frank A. Shrontz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 February 1976–19 January 1977
Position abolished on 22 April 1977. Acquisition functions transferred to the Director of Defense Research and
Engineering and other responsibilities transferred to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs,
and Logistics), changing to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Installations, and Logistics). In 1985, the
new Assistant Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Logistics) assumed the installation and logistics functions.

Assistant Secretary of Defense (Development and Support)
Established officially by DoD Directive 5129.4, 25 November 1984, and abolished when Assistant Secretary of
Defense (Acquisition and Logistics) was established.
James P. Wade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 August 1984–5 July 1985

Assistant Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Logistics)
Position announced on 29 January 1985; authorized by DoD Directive 5128.1, 19 November 1985.
James P. Wade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 July 1985–3 November 1986

Robert B. Costello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 March 1987–15 April 1987
This position was disestablished in April 1987 and replaced by Assistant Secretary of Defense (Production and Logistics).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Production and Logistics)

Principal staff assistant for the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology) in areas of his
responsibility. Coordinated with Under Secretary of Defense (Policy) on agreements with foreign countries.
Robert B. Costello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 April 1987–17 December 1987

Jack Katzen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 March 1988–8 January 1990
Colin McMillan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 March 1990–11 December 1992
As a result of reorganization of the office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology), an
Assistant Secretary (Economic Security) position was established, per memorandum of 19 May 1993, replacing
the position of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Production and Logistics).
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Economic Security)

Position established 7 September 1993, replacing the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Production and Logistics).
The position reported to the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology).
Joshua Gotbaum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 May 1994–25 December 1995

DoD Directive 5134.7, 5 April 1996, cancelled DoD Directive 5134.7, 21 August 1995, stating that the directive
for this position has served the “purpose for which it was intended and is no longer required.”

Defense Agencies
XI. Other OSD Principal Staff Assistants
A. Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for

Public Affairs
See section IX.B.5.
B. Chief Information Officer
The CIO is the principal staff assistant and adviser to the Secretary of Defense and Deputy Secretary of Defense
on the policy and oversight of information resources management, to include matters related to information
technology, network defense, and network operations. (See also section IX.B.3.)
Terry Halvorsen III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 May 2014–28 February 2017

John Zangardi (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 March 2017–8 December 2017
Elysse B. Miller (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 December 2017–6 May 2018
Dana Deasy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 May 2018–Present
C. Directors of Net Assessment
Position established in 1973 to serve as the principal staff assistant and adviser to the Secretary and Deputy
Secretary of Defense on net assessment matters. According to Defense Directive 5111.11, the Director shall
develop and coordinate net assessments of the standing, trends, and future prospects of U.S. military capabilities
and military potential in comparison with those of other countries or groups of countries so as to identify
emerging or future threats or opportunities for the United States.
Andrew Marshall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 November 1973–5 January 2015

Andrew May (Acting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 January 2015–12 May 2015
James Baker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 May 2015- Present

Defense Agencies
XII. Combatant Commands
A. Current Commands
U.S. Africa Command (Kelley Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany)

Established 1 October 2008
General Thomas D. Waldhauser, USA, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 July 2016–Present
U.S. Central Command (MacDill AFB, Tampa, FL)

Established 1 January 1983
General Kenneth F. McKenzie, Jr, USMC, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 March 2019–Present
U.S. European Command (Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany)

Established 1 August 1952
General Tod D. Wolters, USAF, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 May 2019–Present
U.S. Northern Command (Peterson AFB, CO)

Established 1 October 2002
General Terrence J. O’Shaughnessy, USAF, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 May 2018-Present
U.S. Pacific Command (Camp H. M. Smith, HI)

Established 1 January 1947
Admiral Philip Davidson, USN, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 May 2018–Present
U.S. Southern Command (Miami, FL) 

Established 6 June 1963
Admiral Kurt Tidd, USN, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 January 2016–Present
U.S. Special Operations Command (MacDill AFB, Tampa, FL)

Established 16 April 1987
General Raymond Thomas, USA, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 March 2016-Present
U.S. Strategic Command (Offutt AFB, NE)

Established 1 June 1992
General John E. Hyten, USAF, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 November 2016–Present
U.S. Transportation Command (Scott AFB, IL)

Established 1 July 1987
General Stephen R. Lyons, USA, Commander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 August 2018-Present

Defense Agencies
U.S. Cyber Command (Fort Meade, MD)

Established 4 May 2018
Lt. General Paul Nakasone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 May 2018-Present
B. Disestablished Commands
U.S. Aerospace Defense Command: Disestablished 19 December 1986

U.S. Alaskan Command: Disestablished 30 June 1975
U.S. Atlantic Command: Redesignated U.S. Joint Forces Command 1 October 1999
U.S. Continental Air Defense Command: Disestablished 30 June 1975
U.S. Far East Command: Disestablished 1 July 1957
U.S. Joint Forces Command: Disestablished 4 August 2011
U.S. Forces Command: Terminated as a Specified Command 1 October 1993;
became an Army Command
U.S. Military Airlift Command: Terminated as a Specified Command 1 October 1988
U.S. Naval Forces, Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean: Disestablished 1 December 1963
U.S. Northeast Command: Disestablished 1 September 1956
U.S. Readiness Command: Disestablished 30 September 1987
U.S. Space Command: Merged with U.S. Strategic Command 1 October 2002
U.S. Strategic Air Command: Disestablished 1 June 1992
U.S. Strike Command: Disestablished 31 December 1971

XIII. Defense Agencies
A. Current Defense Agencies
1. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Established 12 February 1958 by PL 85-325, DoD Directive 5105.41, as Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Name changed to Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency by PL 104-106, NDAA FY96. Under the authority,
direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Deputy Secretary of
Defense’s memorandum, 13 July 2018.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steven Walker
2. Defense Commissary Agency

Established 9 November 1990 by DoD Directive 5105.55.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Bianchi (Interim)
3. Defense Contract Audit Agency

Established 8 January 1965. DoD Directive 5105.36, 28 February 2002.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anita F. Bales
4. Defense Contract Management Agency

Established 27 March 2000. Succeeded the Defense Contract Management Command. Reports to the Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition. Under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of
Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. Deputy Secretary of Defense’s memorandum, 13 July 2018.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice Admiral David Lewis, USN
5. Defense Finance and Accounting Service

Established 26 November 1990. Under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense
(Comptroller)/Chief Financial Officer. DoD Directive 5118.05, 20 April 2012.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teresa McKay
6. Defense Health Agency

Established 1 October 2013. DoD Directive 5136.13. Assumed responsibilities of previous Tricare management
activity.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice Admiral Raquel C. Bono, USN
7. Defense Information Systems Agency

Established as Defense Communications Agency on 12 May 1960. DoD Directive 5105.19. Renamed Defense
Information Systems Agency on 25 June 1991. Under the direction, authority, and control of the DoD Chief
Information Officer. DoD Directive 5105.19, 25 July 2006.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice Admiral Nancy A. Norton, USN
8. Defense Intelligence Agency

Established 1 October 1961. The Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence exercises the Secretary of

DoD Field Activities
Defense’s authority, direction, and control over the Director, DIA. DoD Directive 5105.21, 18 March 2008.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lt. Gen. Robert Ashley, USA
9. Defense Legal Services Agency

Established 12 August 1981. Under the direction, authority, and control of the General Counsel, who also serves
as Director. DoD Directive 5145.04, 16 April 2012.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . William S. Castle (Acting)
10. Defense Logistics Agency

Established 1 October 1961, as the Defense Supply Agency. Reports to the Assistant Secretary of the Defense
for Sustainment. Under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition
and Sustainment. Deputy Secretary of Defense’s memorandum, 13 July 2018.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lieutenant General Darrell Williams, USA
11. Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency

Established in 1993 by DoD Directive 5110.10. Under the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy. Name
changed from POW/MIA on 15 October 1996. On 20 January 2015, the Defense POW/Missing Personnel
Office (DPMO) and the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC) merged into the Defense POW/MIA
Accounting Agency. USD(P) provides authority, direction and control over the Director.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kelly McKeague
12. Defense Security Cooperation Agency

Established 1 September 1971 as the Defense Security Assistance Agency. Name changed to Defense Security
Cooperation Agency on 1 October 1998. DoD Directive 5105.65, 31 October 2000. The Director is under the
authority, direction and control of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lt. Gen. Charles Hooper
13. Defense Security Service

Succeeded the Defense Investigative Service, 25 November 1997. Under the authority, direction, and control of
the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. DoD Directive 5105.42, 3 August 2010.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Daniel E. Payne
14. Defense Threat Reduction Agency

Began operations 1 October 1998. Succeeded the On-Site Inspection Agency, the Defense Special Weapons Agency,
and the Defense Technology Security Administration. Reports to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear,
Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs. Under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of
Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. Deputy Secretary of Defense memorandum, 13 July 2018.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vayl S. Oxford
15. Missile Defense Agency

Established 24 April 1984 as the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, designated a Defense Agency on
23 July 1984. DoD Directive 5141.5, 21 February 1986. Renamed the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization,
14 July 1993. DoD Directive 5134.9, 14 June 1994. Renamed Missile Defense Agency, January 2002. Under
the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Deputy
Secretary of Defense’s memorandum, 13 July 2018.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lieutenant General Samuel Greaves, USAF

DoD Field Activities
16. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

Began operations on 1 October 1996 as the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). Established
by DoD Directive 5105.60, 11 October 1996, and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency Act of 1996.
Succeeded the Defense Mapping Agency, the Central Imagery Office, the Defense Dissemination Program
Office, and the National Photographic Interpretation Center. NIMA redesignated the National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency in NDAA FY04, PL 108-136, 24 November 2003. The Under Secretary of Defense for
Intelligence exercises authority, direction, and control on behalf of the Secretary of Defense over the Director,
NGA. DoD Directive 5105.60, 29 July 2009.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Cardillo
17. National Reconnaissance Office

Established as covert organization by DoD and Central Intelligence Agency, 6 September 1961, to manage
National Reconnaissance Program. DoD Directive TS 5105.23, 27 March 1964 (declassified). Existence of
agency was publicly acknowledged 18 September 1992. The Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
exercises the authority, direction, and control over the Director, NRO. DoD Directive 5105.23, 28 June 2011.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Betty J. Sapp
18. National Security Agency/Central Security Service

Established 5 December 1952. Under the direction, authority, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The
Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence exercises the authority, direction, and control over the Director,
NSA and the Chief, CSS. DoD Directive 5100.20, 26 January 2010.
Director, National Security Agency,

Chief, Central Security Service, and
Commander, USCYBERCOM: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Paul M. Nakasone, USA
19. Pentagon Force Protection Agency

Established 3 May 2002. Formerly the Defense Protective Service. Under the authority, direction and control of
the SCMO, effective 11 July 2014. DoD Directive 5105.68, 5 December 2013.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jonathan H. Cofer
B. Disestablished Defense Agencies
1. Ballistic Missile Defense Organization

Succeeded by the Missile Defense Agency, January 2002.
2. Central Imagery Office

Duties assumed by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, 1 October 1999.
3. Defense Audiovisual Agency

Disestablished 30 September 1985.
4. Defense Audit Service

Dissolved in September 1982 when role assumed by Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Review and
Oversight).

5. Defense Business Transformation Agency

Disestablished in 2011 with duties assigned to different organizations.
6. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency

Transferred to Federal Emergency Management Agency by Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978.
7. Defense Communications Agency

Succeeded by the Defense Information Systems Agency, 25 June 1991.
8. Defense Investigative Service

Duties assumed by the Defense Security Service, May 1999.
9. Defense Mapping Agency

Disestablished 1 October 1996, with its functions transferred to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency.
10. Defense Nuclear Agency

Name changed to Defense Special Weapons Agency, June 1996; functions assumed by the Defense Threat
Reduction Agency, 1 October 1998.
11. Defense Security Assistance Agency

Succeeded by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 1 October 1998.
12. Defense Special Weapons Agency

Succeeded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, 1 October 1998.
13. Defense Supply Agency

Succeeded by the Defense Logistics Agency, 5 January 1977.
14. National Imagery and Mapping Agency

Redesignated in PL 108-136, 24 November 2003, as the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
15. On-Site Inspection Agency

Duties assumed by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, 1 October 1998.
16. Strategic Defense Initiative Organization

Succeeded by the Ballistic Defense Missile Organization, 14 January 1993.

XIV. Department of Defense Field Activities
A. Defense Media Activity

Defense Media Activity (DMA) was established in October 2008 as a result of the Defense Base Realignment
and Closure Act as per Deputy Secretary of Defense memorandum, 24 September 2007, “Establishment of
the Defense Media Activity,” and DoD Directive 5105.74, 18 December 2007, “Defense Media Activity.” The
agency consolidates the Soldiers Media Center, Naval Media Center, Marine Corps News, Air Force News
Service, and American Forces Information Service into a single field activity. DMA also includes Stars and
Stripes newspaper and the Defense Information School. Under the authority, direction, and control of the
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Col. Paul Haverstick
B. Defense Technical Information Center

Predecessor agency established during World War II as Air Documents Research Center; successor organization
renamed Defense Technical Information Center in 1979. Established as a Department of Defense Field Activity
in 2004 and under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and
Engineering through the Director of Defense Research and Engineering for Research and Technology. Deputy
Secretary of Defense’s memorandum, 13 July 2018.
Administrator: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Christopher E. Thomas
C. Defense Technology Security Administration

Established in 1985; disestablished in 1998, functions transferred to Defense Threat Reduction Agency.
Reestablished 31 August 2001 by Deputy Secretary of Defense decision. Reports to Under Secretary of Defense
for Policy.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heidi Grant
D. Department of Defense Education Activity

Established by DoD Directive 1342.20. Under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of
Defense for Personnel and Readiness.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomas Brady
E. Department of Defense Human Resources Activity

Established by DoD Directive 5100.87 (29 June 1998) from the merger of the Department of Defense Civilian
Personnel Management Service and the Defense Manpower Data Center. Under the authority, direction, and
control of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . William H. Booth

F. Department of Defense Test Resource

Management Center
Established by DoD Directive 5105.71, 8 March 2004. Under the authority, direction, and control of the Under
Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Deputy Secretary of Defense’s memorandum, 13 July 2018.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. Derrick Hinton (Acting)
G. Office of Economic Adjustment
Established by DoD Directive 3030.1, 29 November 1978. Director serves as executive director of the
Economic Adjustment Committee. Under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense
for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, through the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations,
and Environment. DoD Directive 3030.01, 5 March 2006.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patrick J. O’Brien
H. Washington Headquarters Services (WHS)
Established 1 October 1977. The Director oversees a broad range of administrative, management, and common
support services, including human resources and security clearance services, facilities and facility operations,
information technology (IT) capabilities and services, financial management, acquisition and contracting, and
secure communications. The Director also provides oversight of designated DoD-wide statutory and regulatory
programs, supporting DoD Components and other federal entities as directed and assigned. DoD directive
5110.04, 27 March 2013 is currently in coordination within the Department to reflect changes in the reporting
authority. Under the authority, direction and control of the DCMO in a reorganization effective 11 July 2014.
DoD Directive 5110.04, 27 March 2013.
Director: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sajeel Ahmed (Acting)

D&A: Joe Biden's Spy Boys

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D&A: Joe Biden's Spy Boys

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Department

DoD Key Officials 1

I. Current Department of Defense Key Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

II. Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

III. Deputy Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

IV. Chief Management Officers of the Department of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

V. Secretaries of the Military Departments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

VI. Joint Chiefs of Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

VII. Under Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

VIII. Specified Officials* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

DoD Key Officials 3

IX. Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

X. Assistant Secretaries of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

4 DoD Key Officials

XII. Combatant Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

XIII. Defense Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

DoD Key Officials 5

XIV. Department of Defense Field Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

6 DoD Key Officials

DoD Key Officials 7

Secretary of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mark T. Esper (Acting)

DoD Key Officials 9

Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elaine A. McCusker

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vacant

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vacant

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomas McCaffery (Acting)

Assistant Secretary of Defense

10 DoD Key Officials

JAMES V. FORRESTAL . . . . . 17 SEPTEMBER 1947–28 MARCH 1949

DoD Key Officials 11

ROBERT S. McNAMARA . . . . 21 JANUARY 1961–29 FEBRUARY 1968

12 DoD Key Officials

• Director of Defense Research and Engineering, 1961–1965

RICHARD B. CHENEY . . . . . . 21 MARCH 1989–20 JANUARY 1993

DoD Key Officials 13

• Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, 1973–1979

14 DoD Key Officials

DoD Key Officials 15

III. Deputy Secretaries of Defense

STEPHEN T. EARLY . . . . . . . 10 AUGUST 1949–30 SEPTEMBER 1950

16 DoD Key Officials

• Engineer with Bell Telephone Laboratories from 1919

DoD Key Officials 17

ROBERT F. ELLSWORTH . . 23 DECEMBER 1975–10 JANUARY 1977*

CHARLES W. DUNCAN JR. . 31 JANUARY 1977–26 JULY 1979

18 DoD Key Officials

DoD Key Officials 19

ASHTON B. CARTER . . . . . . 6 OCTOBER 2011–4 DECEMBER 2013

20 DoD Key Officials

IV. Chief Management Officers of the

John H. Gibson II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 February 2018–30 November 2018

DoD Key Officials 21

V. Secretaries of the Military Departments

STANLEY R. RESOR . . . . . . . 5 JULY 1965–30 JUNE 1971

DoD Key Officials 23

• California State Assemblyman, 1992–1997

24 DoD Key Officials

FRANCIS P. MATTHEWS . . . . 25 MAY 1949–30 JULY 1951

• Under Secretary of the Navy, 1969–1972

26 DoD Key Officials

HANSFORD T. JOHNSON . . . 7 FEBRUARY 2003–1 OCTOBER 2003

DoD Key Officials 27