Xi Surya English Drill Book
Xi Surya English Drill Book
ENGLISH
Drill Book
11
Based on the New Syllabus
Authors
A. GOPAL, M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil., T.S. RAAM KAPIL, M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed.,
MAM Matric Hr. Sec. School, Mettur, Salem. PG Asst. in English, Salem.
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PART - I
MARKS: 3 SYNONYMS
SYNONYMS
Choose correct synonyms for the underlined words from the options given.
1. She had been old and wrinkled for the twenty years that I had known her.
a) spotted b) crumpled c) spirited d) shortened
2. I was selected in the 48kg category for the International Boxing Association.
a) custom b) group c) sports d) games
3. Many people who read it have been astonished at the absent mindedness of their fellows.
a) attained b) received c) known d) surprised
4. The talk was running on the critical situations.
a) cunning b) strong c) easy d) dangerous
5. Thankful as I am for the unique honour conferred on me by this institution.
a) best b) matchless c) great d) systematic
6. .....other people do without any evident difficulty that are pretty much beyond me.
a) unclear b) visible c) possible d) available
7. She had been young and pretty, and even had a husband.
a) pious b) kind c) humble d) beautiful
8. I was both upset and worried because I’d heard of how expensive things were in America.
a) sad b) happy c) anxious d) satisfied
9. It is the efficiency rather than the inefficiency of human memory that compels my wonder.
a) effectiveness b) goodness c) quality d) quantity
10. A fourth was torpedoed in the war.
a) escaping b) participating c) saved d) destroyed
11. It is not easy task to place appropriate guidelines before them.
a) imaginative b) real c) clever d) suitable
12. So I pulled on it and yanked at it with grunts and frowns and increasing consternation.
a) happiness b) sadness c) groans d) difficulty
13. No, we were certain she had been always been as we had known her.
a) doubtful b) hard c) easy d) sure
14. I was relieved to have money in my pocket.
a) pleased b) away c) ready d) rich
15. How many of them forget to shut the front door when leaving the house? Scarcely more.
a) plenty b) hardly c) surely d) formerly
16. They were selling Barbizon pictures, and getting tremendous sums for each.
a) simple b) huge c) little d) trendy
2 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
17. .... perhaps with annotations here and there bringing to bear the lay-man’s point of view.
a) information b) clarifications c) quotations d) hardships
18. I kept this up for some minutes but it wouldn’t budge.
a) stop b) move c) break d) close
19. She hobbled about the house in spotless white.
a) dirty b) dull c) bright d) clean
20. The people were enormously nice too.
a) small way b) large way c) simple way d) quick way
21. It is only a very methodical man, I imagine who can always remember to take the medicine
his doctor has prescribed for him.
a) proscribed b) written c) recommended d) pushed
22. There was a rustle of excitement.
a) rustic b) whisper c) noisy d) silence
23. .... the findings of experts in various fields connected with education.
a) same b) novel c) finding d) several
24. Abruptly the zip gave way.
a) gradually b) slowly c) easily d) suddenly
Answers
1. b 2. b 3. d 4. d 5. b 6. b 7. d 8. c
9. a 10. d 11. d 12. c 13. d 14. a 15. b 16. b
17. c 18. b 19. d 20. b 21. c 22. c 23. d 24. d
SET - I
1. .… one hand resting on her waist to balance her stoop and the other telling the beads of her rosary.
a) walk b) breath c) bent d) dress
2. The other team had already completed their weight in, which is compulsory for all players.
a) common b) good c) necessary d) possible
3. This is the more surprising.
a) great b) strong c) amusing d) talking
SET - II
1. A terrible silence followed.
a) peaceful b) long c) short d) horrible
2. This is the age of common man – whatever the regrets some might have.
a) repentance b) repetitions c) duplications d) strength
3. I watched dumbstruck as a hundred carefully sorted documents came raining down in a
fluttery cascade.
a) happily b) coolly c) astonished c) doubtfully
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 3
SET - III
1. Her silver locks were scattered untidily.
a) cover b) hair c) dress d) hand
2. My fear of facing new opponents quickly vanished.
a) appeared b) disappeared c) joined d) coined
3. It may be that it is because of their antipathy to pills and potions.
a) liking b) dislike c) forgetfulness d) willingness
SET - IV
1. I realised now, as I ought to have done at first, that he had shot his bolt.
a) raised his arrow b) sent the arrow c) reached the highest d) pulled his arrow
2. It is philosophy or politics, ethics or economics are certainly meant for him.
a) rules b) guidelines c) moral d) immoral
3. I watched dumbstruck as a hundred carefully sorted documents came raining down in a
fluttery cascade.
a) arranged b) torn c) thrown d) pushed
4 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARKS: 3 ANTONYMS
ANTONYMS
Choose the correct antonyms for the underlined words from the options given.
1. She had been old and wrinkled for twenty years that I had known her.
a) crushed b) crumbled c) straight d) bend
2. I was selected in the 48 kg category for the International Boxing Association.
a) accepted b) included c) rejected d) informed
3. I doubt whether it would be found that absent-mindedness is common.
a) sure b) assure c) impossible d) unfair
4. Surely they can be tighter when they are mental.
a) truly b) often c) doubtfully d) always
5. It is not easy task to place appropriate guidelines before them.
a) suitable b) proper c) improper d) helpful
6. Other people do without any evident difficulty that are pretty much beyond me.
a) doubtful b) clear c) proof d) serious
7. She had even had a husband, but that was hard to believe.
a) easy b) soft c) difficult d) accepted
8. I’d heard of how expensive things were in America.
a) costly b) inaccurate c) informative d) cheap
9. I doubt whether it would be found that absent-mindedness is common.
a) unclear b) always c) peculiar d) spread
10. The tightest corner I was ever in was at Christie’s.
a) narrowest b) broadest c) weakest d) most loose
11. The fact that I am conscious of my own limitation gives me a sense of relief.
a) freedom b) aspiration c) understanding d) knowledge
12. I am not very good at living in the real world is perhaps the most outstanding.
a) great b) extraordinary c) common d) known
13. He wore a big turban and loose fitting clothes.
a) free b) movable c) tight d) decent
14. With this princely sum and a little more that had been collected from people I left for the US.
a) huge b) small c) kingly d) mansion
15. He remembers appointments for lunch and dinner.
a) keeps b) leaves c) offers d) forgets
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 5
Answers
1. c 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. a 7. a 8. d 9. c
10. d 11. a 12. c 13. c 14. b 15. d 16. c 17. b 18. b
SET - I
1. She had always been short and fat and slightly bent.
a) small b) huge c) big d) tall
SET - II
1. A red-faced man who had bought quite a number electrified the room.
a) moderately b) fairly c) very few d) plenty
2. This is the age of the common man – whatever the regrets some might have.
a) doubts b) misgivings c) repentance d) pleasure
SET - III
1. She had always been short and fat and slightly bent.
a) thin b) thick c) familiar d) known
2. The other teams had already completed their weight in, which is compulsory for
all players.
a) unimportant b) unknown c) believable d) optional
3. The fact remains however that a few but the moral giants remember to take their
medicine.
a) rests b) needs c) sells d) leaves
6 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
SET - IV
1. ….at fifty guineas or hundred guineas with a gradual crescendo to which I had been safely
contributing.
a) slow b) sudden c) fast d) quick
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 7
PART - I
MARK: 1 ABBREVIATION
ABBREVIATION
ØØ An abbreviation is the short form of a word or phrase formed by leaving out some of the letters from
the word or using the first letters of the words. It cannot be pronounced as word.
Examples: B.A – Bachelor of Arts
AIR – All India Radio
11. RPM
a) Revolution Press Master b) Reality Per Minute
c) Revolutions Pin Master d) Revolution Per Minute
12. PSLV
a) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle b) Proper Satellite Launch Vehicle
c) Previous Satellite Launch Vehicle d) Perfect Satellite Launch Vehicle
13. FM
a) Frequent Modulation b) Frequency Modulation
c) Frequency Modernisation d) Frequent Method
14. NDA
a) National Department of Academy b) Nature of Defence Academy
c) National Demo Academy d) National Defence Academy
15. IPC
a) Indian Postal Company b) Indian Public Company
c) Indian Penal Code d) Indian Property Code
Answers
1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. c 10. b
11. d 12. a 13. b 14. d 15. c
7. KPO
a) Knowledge Process Outsourcing b) Known Procedural Order
c) Knowledge Process Office d) Knowledge Process Outlet
8. B.Tech.
a) Bachelor of Teaching b) Bachelor of Technique
c) Bachelor of Technology d) Bachelor of Textiles
9. SBI
a) Savings Bank of India b) State Bank of India
c) State Bank of Indonesia d) State Bureau of Investigation
10. ECG
a) Everyman’s Christian Group b) Electrical Cardio Gram
c) Elected Council Group d) Electro Cardio Gram
11. NGO
a) New Government Order b) North Government Officer
c) Non-Government Organisation d)Non-Government Order
12. SMS
a) Short Message Service b) Small Message Service
c) Short Missing Service d) Send Message Service
ACRONYMS
ØØ An acronym is a pronounceable word formed mostly from the initial letters of a descriptive name or title.
For Example: radar = radio detecting and ranging
AIBA Amature/Association International de- DIET District Institute of Education and Training
Boxer’s Association
AVADI Armoured Vehicles and Ammunition E-MAIL Electronic Mail.
Depot of India
AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Science FIFA Federation of International Football
Associations (Federation Internationale
de Football Association)
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations GATE Graduate Aptitude Test for Engineering
BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd GATT General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
CAD Computer Aided Design GATS General Agreement on Trade and Services
CAT Common Admission Test GMAT Graduate Management Admission Test
HUDCO Housing and Urban Development RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging
Corporation
IELTS International English Language Testing SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Co-
System operation
IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
HUDCO Housing and Urban Development RAM Random Access Memory
Corporation
12 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
IELTS International English Language Testing RAW Research & Analysis Wing
System
IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation SENSEX Sensitivity Index (of Share Price)
INTERNET International Network (of computers) SIM Subscriber Information Module
LAN Local Area Network TADA Terrorist and Disruptive Activities
(Prevention) Act
LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated TANSI Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries
Emission of Radiation
NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural TOEFL Test Of English as a Foreign Language
Development
NASA National Aeronautics Space TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
Administration
NASSCOM National Association of Software and UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and
Service Companies Cultural Organisation
NOTA None of The Above UNICEF United Nations International Children
Emergency Fund
OPAC Online Public Access Catalogue VAT Value Added Tax
PAN Permanent Account Number VIRUS Vital Information Resources Under Siege
P.E.T Physical Education Teacher WHO World Health Organisation
PIN Postal Index Number ZIP Zone Improvement Plan
1. NASA
a) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
b) National Acrobatics and sports Administration
c) National Aerospace and special Administration
d) National Agriculture and support Administration
2. CAD
a) Computer Aid desiging b) Computerised Aided Designing
c) Computerising Aided Designing d) Computer Aided Designing
3. OPEC
a) Oil and petroleum exporting countries b) Organisation of petroleum exporting countries
c) Online public Excess catalogue d) Organisation of petroleum excess countries
4. VIRUS
a) Virtual Informations Resources Under siege b) Vital Information Resources Under survey
c) Vital Information Resources Under survey d) Vital Information Resources Under Siege
5. OPAC
a) Online Public Accessible Catalogue b) Oversee Public Access Catalogue
c) Online Public Access Catalogue d) Online Private Access Catalogue
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 13
6. PIN
a) Post Index Number b) Postal Index Number
c) Post office Index Number d) Private Index Number
7. UNICEF
a) United Nations International children Emergency Fund
b) United Nations International children Equipement Fund
c) United Nations International children Educational Fund
d) United Nations International children Employment Fund
8. TAFE
a) Travel and Fare Excess b) Tractor and Farm Equipment
c) Train and Farm Express d) Tractor and Factory Equipment
9. TANSI
a) Tamil Nadu Storm Sewage Industry b) Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries
c) Tamil Nadu Slum Stop Industry d) Tamil Nadu Small Sale Industries
10. RAM
a) Random Access Memory b) Randomly Added Member
c) Random And Marking d) Randomly Accessed Money
11. ROM
a) Recognition of Memory b) Reaction of Mind
c) Read only Memory d) Read only Mind
12. CAT
a) Culture and Academic Treaty b) Cumulative Admission Test
c) Common Admission Test d) Clear Act Test
14 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 COMPOUND WORDS
COMPOUND WORD
ØØ A compound word is when two words are combined to form a new word or phrase. There are three
types of compound words: closed form, hyphenated and open form. The closed form is when two
words are combined to form a new word.
Eg: bullfrog, snowball, mailbox, grandmother, railroad, inside, sometimes, upstream, basketball,
anybody.
V. ADJECTIVE + NOUN
1. Fast food 2. Madman 3. Blackboard 4. Blue sky 5. Hot water
X. Preposition + Noun
1. After Life 2. By Pass 3. Down Stairs 4. In House
5. In Service 6. Off Shore 7. Off Spring 8. On Line
9. Out Patient 10. Over Charge 11. Over Night 12. Over Weight
13. Under Line 14. Under World 15. Underground 16. Up Grade
17. Up Stairs
5. book
a) ready b) ground c) chair d) mark
6. dream
a) world b) out c) in d) slow
7. down
a) low b) strength c) stream d) went
8. under
a) fast b) stand c) saw d) go
9. age
a) line b) more c) land d) old
10. court
a) yard b) out c) stand d) ill
Answers
1. a 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. a
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word.
1. pass
a) port b) out c) low d) land
2. cross
a) strength b) board c) talk d) come
3. moon
a) power b) day c) low d) light
4. butter
a) lion b) flies c) insects d) need
5. grass
a) hopper b) jumper c) runner d) singer
6. by
a) buy b) pass c) jump d) go
7. back
a) linen b) line c) at d) ward
8. life
a) on b) out c) time d) short
9. scape
a) goat b) water c) honey d) cow
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 17
10. along
a) river b) side c) well d) went
11. light
a) power b) still c) out d) house
12. lime
a) photo b) man c) stone d) still
13. lightning
a) walk b) speed c) drive d) swim
14. fast
a) food b) vegetables c) dinner d) supper
15. lay
a) away b) for c) in d) off
16. car
a) street b) park c) house d) top
17. wood
a) house b) cutter c) chair d) table
18. gas
a) light b) pressure c) tight d) problem
19. water
a) bright b) bite c) charm d) proof
20. tooth
a) pain b) high c) trouble d) ache
18 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 PREFIX
ØØ Prefixes and suffixes are sets of letters that are added to the beginning or end of another word. They
are not words in their own right and cannot stand on their own in a sentence: if they are printed on
their own they have a hyphen before or after them.
PREFIXES
ØØ Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different
meaning.
For example:
Word Prefix New word Word Prefix New word
happy un unhappy bishop arch archbishop
cultural multi multicultural aircraft anti antiaircraft
work over overwork operation co co-operation
space cyber cyberspace courage en encourage
market super supermarket active in inactive
possible im impossible cycle bi bicycle
code de decode cast fore forecast
legible il illegible act inter interact
function mal malfunction biology micro microbiology
media multi multimedia confident over overconfident
payment non nonpayment door out outdoor
technic poly polytechnic box post postbox
paid pre prepaid arrange re rearrange
conductor semi semiconductor editor sub subeditor
colour multi multicolour certain un uncertain
developed under underdeveloped form uni uniform
hill up uphill modern ultra ultra-modern
Some of the prefixes and the connected words
1. anti- antiaircraft antibiotic anti clockwise anti-social
2. arch- arch angel arch bishop archway arch-rival
3. bi- bicycle bilabial bi-lateral bi-monthly
4. co- coauthor coexist cooperate co-producer
5. contra- contradiction contradistinction contraflow contraindicate
6. counter- counteract counterattack counter clockwise counterpart
7. de- decode defame degrade defrost
8. dia- diagram dialogue diameter diametric
9. dis- disagree discharge disorder disqualify
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 19
3. aircraft
a) ir__ b) multi__ c) im__ d) anti
4. cycle
a) bi__ b) multi__ c) im__ d) inter__
5. author
a) ir__ b) multi__ c) co__ d) inter__
6. code
a) ir__ b) de__ c) im__ d) inter__
7. practice
a) ir__ b) multi__ c) im__ d) mal__
8. courage
a) en__ b) multi__ c) im__ d) inter__
9. cast
a) in__ b) fore__ c) im__ d) inter__
10. active
a) ir__ b) il__ c) in__ d) inter__
Answers
1. c 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. a 9. b 10. c
10. technic
a) im__ b) multi__ c) in__ d) poly__
11. box
a) ir__ b) post__ c) im__ d) fore__
12. paid
a) in__ b) multi__ c) dis__ d) pre__
13. arrange
a) re__ b) anti__ c) im__ d) inter__
14. conductor
a) ir__ b) dis__ c) semi__ d) fore__
15. editor
a) ir__ b) multi__ c) im__ d) sub__
16. colour
a) ir__ b) multi__ c) im__ d) pro__
17. certain
a) in__ b) un__ c) im__ d) pro__
18. develop
a) ir__ b) multi__ c) under__ d) fore__
19. form
a) ir__ b) multi__ c) uni__ d) pro__
20. hill
a) up__ b) dis___ c) im__ d) en___
22 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 FOREIGN WORDS
FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES
ØØ There are many very logical reasons why languages (including English) borrow words from each other.
ØØ For instance, sometimes English will borrow a word from another language in order to describe things
for which an English word doesn’t yet exist. This happened a lot when the English settlers arrived in
the New World.
ØØ After all, there were countless things that English speakers had never encountered, but which
indigenous groups and earlier Spanish explorers had already given names to. Whenever there’s cross-
cultural interaction like that, new words are bound to pop up between languages.
ØØ Additionally, English often uses foreign words to name culturally specific things, like food. The Italians
already gave “pizza” a great name, so when English speakers started enjoying the food, there was no
need to change it. Why waste time renaming when you could be eating?
Some of the foreign words commonly used in English and their meanings.
No. Foreign Words Meanings
1 bon voyage have a nice trip
2 bona fide genuine
3 curriculum vitae description of previous job and qualification
4 status quo existing condition
5 rucksack backpack
6 de facto in faith
7 de jure by right; by law
8 en famille in family
9 en masse all together
10 ex gratia as a favour
11 ex officio by virtue of one’s position or status
12 in absentia in absence
13 in camera in private; in the chamber
14 in toto as a whole
15 laissez faire non intervention
16 lingua franca common language; link language
17 magnum opus great work
18 modus operandi way of working
19 par excellence excellent
20 patio an area outside the house without roof
21 per annum for every year
22 per capita per head
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 23
11. The education department wants to keep status quo in the admission process.
a) high value b) high percentage c) past situation d) present condition
12. When Kannan left for US his friends wished him bon voyage.
a) to become rich b) to have good health c) to have nice trip d) to have happy life in US
13. We should prepare a meaningful curriculum vitae to get a good job.
a) descriptions of experience and educational qualification
b) descriptions of the job one wants to have
c) descriptions of one’s family
d) descriptions of one’s family tree
14. Government should work to raise the per capita income of its people.
a) total income of the country b) total income of the family
c) income of a day d) income per head
15. The police accepted the prima facie evidence in the murder case.
a) eye witness b) accepted as so until proved otherwise
c) evidence given by the family d) evidence given by the friends
16. That year was the same thing of an annus mirabilis.
a) unpopular b) wonderful year c) in common d) popular
17. Sunder became the liaison officer in his company.
a) coordinating activities b) initiating activities c) president d) banking activities
18. The police found out the modus operandi of the criminal.
a) methods in accepting people b) method of arguments
c) method of creation d) method of operating
19. An ad hoc investigating committee has been set up.
a) made or done for a particular way b) called a person in a way
c) escape from a place d) accepting others
20. The government gave their negotiator carte blanche.
a) running after something b) unlimited authority
c) control over something d) glaring at something
21. He was tried in absentia and sentenced to seven years in prison.
a) thank someone b) invite someone c) not present d) call someone
22. They are trying to find out a via media solution for the problem.
a) compromise b) strict c) accepted d) informed
23. My neighbour is a prima donna
a) temperamental and conceited person b) kind and helpful person
c) wealthy and influential person d) poor but happy person
24. Tell me your income per annum.
a) every new year b) every year c) invite the year d) every motion
25. He had been the de jure king since his father’s death.
a) unlawful b) unaccepted c) rightful d) interior
26 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 DEFINITION OF WORDS
ØØ A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder that causes an individual to experience extreme, irrational fear
about a situation, living creature, place, or object.
ØØ When some people have a phobia, they will often shape their lives to avoid what they consider to be
dangerous. The imagined threat is greater than any actual threat posed by the cause of terror.
ØØ Phobias are diagnosable mental disorders.
ØØ The person will experience intense distress when faced with the source of their phobia. This can
prevent them from functioning normally and sometimes leads to panic attacks.
Achluophobia – Fear of darkness Acousticophobia – Fear of noise
Acrophobia – Fear of heights Aerophobia – Fear of flying, drafts or fresh air
Algophobia – Fear of pain Agrizoophobia – Fear of wild animals
Ailurophobia – Fear of cats Androphobia – Fear of men
Antlophobia – Fear of floods Apiphobia – Fear of bees or bee stings
Aquaphobia – Fear of water Atychiphobia – Fear of failure
Autophobia – Fear of being alone Bacteriophobia – Fear of bacteria
Basophobia – Fear of falling Bathmophobia – F
ear of steep inclines, slopes
and stairs
Bathophobia – Fear of depths Batrachophobia – Fear of amphibians
Bufonophobia – Fear of toads Carnophobia – Fear of meat
Catagelophobia – Fear of being ridiculed Ceraunophobia – Fear of thunder and lightning
Chiroptophobia – Fear of bats Claustrophobia – Fear of confined spaces
Cremnophobia – Fear of steep cliffs Cynophobia – Fear of dogs
Demonophobia – Fear of demons Doraphobia – Fear of animal fur or skins
Entomophobia – Fear of insects Eosophobia – Fear of dawn or day light
Equinophobia – Fear of horses Gamophobia – Fear of marriage
Gynophobia – Fear of women Hadephobia – Fear of hell
Harpaxophobia – Fear of being robbed Herpetophobia – Fear of reptiles
Hydrophobia – Fear of water Hylophobia – Fear of forests
Hypegiaphobia – Fear of responsibility Hypochondria – Fear of illness
Ichthyophobia – Fear of fish Kakorrhaphiophobia – Fear of failure
Katagelophobia – Fear of ridicule Ligyrophobia – Fear of loud noises
Lygophobia – Fear of darkness Mastigophobia – fear of punishment
Musophobia – Fear of mice Myrmecophobia – Fear of ants
Nosocomephobia – Fear of hospitals Octophobia – Fear of the number 8
Ophidiophobia – Fear of snakes Phasmophobia – Fear of ghosts
Pyrophobia – Fear of fire Ranidaphobia – Fear of frogs
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 27
1. ‘regicide’.
a) killing a group b) killing a minor
c) killing a member of political group d) killing a member of a royal family
2. dipsomania
a) a strong desire for alcoholic drinks b) a strong desire for pleasure
c) a strong desire for friendship d) a strong desire for playing with fire
3. xenophobia
a) fear of water b) fear of fire
c) fear of foreigners d) fear of numbers
4. introvert
a) one who loves friends b) one who is unwilling to express opinion
c) one who is ready to help strangers d) one who believes others
5. patricide
a) killing of friend b) killing of mother
c) killing of brother d) killing of father
6. optimist
a) one who has a positive outlook b) one who has a negative outlook
c) one who has power d) one who loves nature
7. agoraphobia
a) fear of height b) fear of animals
c) fear of open space d) fear of foreigners
8. bibliophile
a) lover of animals b) lover of birds
c) lover of friends d) lover of books
9. anglophobia
a) fear of English men b) fear of using English
c) fear of Anglo Indians d) fear of books
10. Gynocologist
a) a doctor who treats the diseases of woman b) a doctor who treats mental problems
c) a doctor who treats children d) a doctor who treats eye problem
28 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
Answers
1) d 2) a 3) c 4) b 5) d 6) a 7) c 8) d 9) b 10) a
15. Polyglot
a) one who speaks English fluently b) one who loves mother tongue
c) one who lives on others’ money d) one who peaks many languages
16. Oligarchy
a) a government by a few b) a government by majority
c) a government by military d) a government by learned people
17. Pacifist
a) one who opposes use of force, war b) one who loves war
c) one who brings people together d) one who loves his country
18. Versatile
a) one who changes his party b) one who has long experience
c) one who possesses several talents d) one who loves his party
19. Spendthrift
a) one who hoards money b) one who spends extravagantly
c) one who sells things d) one who buys things
20. Turn coat
a) one who uses coats b) one who does not like coat
c) one who changes his party d) one who joins the party
21. Misogynist
a) hater of women b) hater of men c) hater of marriage d) hater of ceremonies
22. teetotaler
a) one who loves drinks b) one who drinks too much
c) one who loves food d) one who abstains from drink
23. Epicure
a) one who is fond of plenty of food b) one who is fond of good food
c) one who is fond of books d) one who is fond of birds
24. tyrant
a) a dictator b) a democrat c) a republican d) a friend
25. Mastigophobia
a) fear of strangers b) fear of fire c) fear of punishment d) fear of water
30 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 QUESTION TAGS
ØØ A special type of question is the tag that English speakers put at the end of many statements. The
tags in the following sentences are shown in red:
It’s a lovely day today, isn’t it?
You live in Frankfurt, don’t you?
Miho can’t speak German, can she?
You haven’t seen Miho, have you?
His parents are very old, aren’t they?
You will remember to call me, won’t you?
ØØ Tags are very common in spoken English, and have many functions. One of the common functions is
to start a conversation or help keep it going. The two basic rules about tag questions are:
If the statement is negative, the tag must be positive. If the statement is positive, the tag must be
negative.
- You don’t like me, do you?
- You won’t tell him my secret, will you?
- He doesn’t speak German, does he?
- You’re coming to my party, aren’t you?
- She’s really good at chess, isn’t she?
- You haven’t done your homework, have you?
ØØ The tense of the tag is determined by the tense of the auxiliary/modal verb of the statement that
precedes it. If the statement does not use an auxiliary/modal (i.e. it is in the present or past simple
tense), then the auxiliary do must be used.
- She comes from Korea, doesn’t she?
- You like heavy metal music, don’t you?
- He got top grade in the math test, didn’t he?
Exceptions
Some verbs / expressions have different question tags.
For example
• I am - I am attractive, aren’t I?
• Positive imperative - Stop daydreaming, will you / won’t you?
• Negative imperative - Don’t stop singing, will you?
• Let’s - Let’s go to the beach, shall we?
• Have got (possession) - He has got a car, hasn’t he?
• There is/are - There aren’t any spiders in the bedroom, are there?
• This/that is - This is Paul’s pen, isn’t it?
• Some one - Some one has taken my bag, haven’t they?
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 31
Answers
1. aren’t I 2. will you 3. will you 4. will you 5. shall we
6. do you 7. is there 8. didn’t they 9. hasn’t he 10. were there
11. doesn’t he 12. didn’t she
32 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
34 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 PHRASAL VERB FOR A SINGLE WORD
PHRASAL VERBS
ØØ phrasal verb is a verb that is made up of a main verb together with an adverb or a preposition, or both.
A
Typically, their meaning is not clear from the meanings of the individual words themselves.
For example:
She has always looked down on me.
For instance, in the example, the phrasal verb ‘to look down on someone’ doesn’t mean that you are
looking down from a higher place at someone who is below you, but it means that you think that you
are better than someone.
Answers
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. c 11. a 12. a
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 39
PART - I
MARK: 1 SUFFIX
SUFFIXES
Answers
1. a 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. c 10. b
17. craftsman
a) __al b) __ness c) ___ship d) __ate
18. product
a) __ty b) __ful c) __ic d) __ion
19. cruel
a) __al b) ___ity c) __ty d) __dom
20. clock
a) __wise b)__ful c) __less d)__dom
21. catch
a) __y b) __ion c) ___ness d) __ence
22. color
a) __ic b) __ful c) __ness d) __dom
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 43
PART - I
MARK: 1 MEANINGS OF STUDIES
ØØ -ist. a suffix of nouns, often corresponding to verbs ending in -ize or nouns ending in -ism, that denote
a person who practices or is concerned with something, or holds certain principles, doctrines, etc.:
apologist; dramatist; machinist; novelist; realist; socialist
optimist – one who has a positive outlook
pessimist – one who has a negative outlook
novelist – one who writes novels
activist – one who does practical things to achieve political and social change
feminist – one who supports women to have the rights as men
populist – one who represents ordinary people
vocalist – one who sings popular songs
lyricist – one who writes the words for songs
linguist – one who is good at many languages
annalist – one who understands things deeply to advice others
specialist – one who knows a lot about a particular subject
journalist – one who writes reports for newspaper, magazines, TVs and radio
pharmacist – one who prepares medicine in shops and hospitals
antagonist – one who actively opposes someone or some thing
cartoonist – one who prepares cartoons for newspaper and magazines
economist – o
ne who studies the way in which money and goods are produced and used
and the systems of business and trade
etymologist – one who studies the origins, history and changing meanings of words
anesthetist – a doctor who gives anesthesia before surgery
psychologist – one who is trained in psychology
embryologist – one who studies embryo scientifically
physiologist – o
ne who is an expert in dealing with the normal functioning of living organism
and their parts
cardiologist – a doctor who treats heart diseases
industrialist – one who runs an industry
laparoscopist – one who treats a patient with laparoscopy
anthropologist – one who studies people and societies scientifically
archaeologist – o
ne who studies the ancient societies by examining what remains in the
building, graves and tools
astrologer – o
ne who studies the movements of stars and how they might influence the
people and events
biologist – one who studies the living things scientifically
44 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
Answers
1) b 2) a 3) d 4) c 5) a 6) b 7) d 8) c 9) b 10) a
1. One who treats the diseases connected with eye is called ___________
a) ophthalmologist b) dermatologist c) cardiologist d) pathologist
2. One who studies people and societies scientifically is called __________
a) geologist b) misogynist c) anthropologist d) populist
3. One who studies the movements of stars and how they influence the people is called ______
16. One who studies the living things scientifically is called _________
a) naturalist b) antagonist c) populist d) biologist
17. One who studies the way in which money and goods are produced and used and the systems
of business and trade is called __________
a) naturalist b) economist c) antagonist d) sociologist
18. One who studies birds is called _____________
a) cardiologist b) pharmacist c) biologist d) ornithologist
19. One who treats women usually relating to their ability to have babies is called _______
a) gynecologist b) cardiologist c) ornithologist d) antagonist
20. One who specialises in the study of reptiles and amphibians is called _________
a) biologist b) naturalist c) herpetologist d) ornithologist
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 47
PART - I
MARK: 1 PREPOSITIONS
ØØ A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence.
They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of sentence. Prepositions are usually short
words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns.
ØØ A preposition is followed by a noun. It is never followed by a verb
PREPOSITION CHART
Answers
1. on 2. on 3. in 4. in 5. on
6. at 7. with 8. beyond 9. over 10. under
11. between 12. on 13. before 14. from 15. with
54 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 CLIPPED WORD
CLIPPED WORD
Some words are formed by clipping a part of a larger word while retaining the meaning of the original
word. If the front portion of the word is clipped away it is called front clipping. If the end part of the word
is clipped away it is called back clipping. If it is done to both the ends it is called front and back clipping.
ØØ Front clipping - e.g. (fountain) pen
ØØ Back clipping - e.g. disco (theque)
ØØ Front and back clipping - e.g. (in) flu (enza)
List of English Clipped Words
advertisement ad alchemist chemist
alligator gator automobile auto
bicycle cycle cabriolet cab
cellphone cell chrysanthemum mum
cleric clerk coeducational student coed
delicatessen deli dormitory dorm
enthusiasm enthu examination exam
fanatic fan fundamental funda
gasoline gas gymnasium gym
hamburger burger influenza flu
laboratory lab limousine limo
luncheon lunch mathematics math
memorandum memo moving picture movie
non-vegetarian non-veg pantaloons pants
perambulator pram photograph photo
pianoforte piano promenade prom
public house pub raccoon coon
referee ref refrigerator fridge
representative rep signature sign
situational comedy sitcom submarine sub
telephone phone typographical error typo
university varsity vegetarian veg
zoological garden zoo suitcases cases
2. influenza
a) influ b) flu c) flueu d) influen
3. aeroplane
a) aero b) plain c) plan d) plane
4. pop music
a) pop b) music c) muse d) popm
5. Veterinary surgeon
a) surgeon b) vety c) surge d) vet
6. Polio-myelitis
a) polio b) myelites c) mytis d) pomy
7. demonstration
a) state b) demon c) den d) demo
8. perambulator
a) ambula b) ambu c) pram d) lator
9. helicopter
a) copter b) heli c) cop d) helicon
10. gymnasium
a) gum b) gym c) sium d) nasium
11. hand kerchief
a) hand b) kerf c) kerchief d) kerp
12. refrigerator
a) fridge b) refri c) gerator d) refree
13. discotheque
a) disque b) disco c) coth d) discoque
14. kilogram
a) kilo b) gram c) kg d) km
15. signature
a) nature b) nate c) signee d) sign
Answers
1. a 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. d 6. a 7. d 8. c 9. a 10. b
11. c 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. d
3. demarcate
a) marcate b) marc c) demar d) mark
4. caravan
a) van b) car c) caran d) ravan
5. bridegroom
a) bride b) groom c) brid d) room
6. microphone
a) phone b) micro c) mikephone d) mike
7. television
a) vision b) tele c) teles d) telly
8. vivavoce
a) viva b) voce c) vice d) voice
9. diskette
a) kette b) disket c) disc d) isket
10. discotheque
a) discothe b) disco c) cotheque d) discoth
11. laboratory
a) labo b) latory c) lab d) labto
12. signature
a) sign b) signa c) sig d) singnat
13. suitcases
a) suit b) suits c) cases d) suites
14. fountain pen
a) fountain b) fount c) tain d) pen
15. gasoline
a) gas b) line c) gaso d) soline
16. advertisement
a) adver b) advertise c) adv d) ad
17. photograph
a) phot b) graph c) photog d) photo
18. spectacles
a) spect b) specs c) specta d) spectac
19. dormitory
a) dormi b) domit c) mot d) dorm
20. fanatic
a) fana b) fan c) natic d) fanat
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 57
1. My sister is a housewife.
a) House mate b) home mate c) home maker d) home companion
2. Most of my friends are on the streets after graduation.
a) employed b) active c) rich d) jobless
3. Special classes are conducted for the slow learners.
a) Bright students b) dull students c) late – bloomers d) brilliant students
4. He is always late to the school.
a) visually challenged b) mentally challenged c) differently abled d) chronologically challenged
5. I went to the lavatory during intermission.
a) lab b) restroom c) toilet d) library
6. I couldn’t have my hair cut because the barber was not available.
a) hair dresser b) nutrition c) dress maker d) stylist
7. My sister, who got married last year, is pregnant now.
a) in the subway b) in the mid way c) in the family way d) in the gate way
8. The student is not so smart as others in the class.
a) not the greatest performer b) not the sharpest pencil
c) not the suitable guy d) not the wittiest person
9. The singer is blind.
a) physically challenged b) visually challenged c) hearing impaired d) economically challenged
10. While travelling he vomited.
a) blow chunks b) through checks c) mortician d) directed
Answers
1. c 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. d 9. b 10. a
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 59
15. I’m actually in-between jobs at the moment. I’m sure I’ll find one soon.
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 61
PART - I
MARK: 1 SINGLE WORD FOR PHRASAL VERBS
PHRASAL VERBS
ØØ hrasal verbs, also called multi-word verbs are idiomatic expressions, combining verbs and prepositions
P
to make new verbs whose meaning is often not obvious from the dictionary definitions of the individual
words. They are widely used in both written and spoken English, and new ones are formed all the time
as they are a flexible way of creating new terms.
For example:
She has always looked down on me.
Answers
1. c 2. a 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. c 10. b
62 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
19. The company calls for a change in the attitude of the workers.
a) demands b) writes c) tries d) talks
20. Our uncle called on us yesterday.
a) showed b) invited c) demanded d) visited
64 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 RELATIVE PRONOUN
• A relative pronoun is a pronoun that refers to a noun going before it and also joins two clauses together.
• The chief relative pronouns are – who, what, which , whom, whose , that
She is the girl who got the first prize.
This is what I want.
This is the boy whose mother is the principal of the school.
This is the singer whom everyone praises.
I saw a book, which was written by my friend in a bookshop.
The hunter saw a huge bird that was multi colored.
Generally ‘who’ is used for persons only - both for singular and plural.
I saw a man who was blind.
Blessed are those who seek God.
The soldiers who belonged to Light Brigade fought bravely.
‘Who’ may be used for animals.
‘Which’ is used for things and animals – both for singular and plural.
The time, which is lost, is lost forever.
The lion, which is known as the king of the forest, is a ferocious animal.
The table, which I bought from you, is very useful to me.
‘That’ is used for persons and things – both for singular and plural.
This is the girl that got first rank in her class.
I know the house that she lives in.
I lost the pen that my father gave me.
The plants that are tall should be pruned.
‘That’ is used after adjectives in the superlative degree.
It is the most interesting book that I ever read.
The most beautiful lady that ever lived was Helen of Troy.
This is the best that I can do.
The word ‘as’ is used as a relative pronoun after such and sometimes after the same. ‘As’ is also
used as relative pronoun after as followed by an adjective.
The poor beggar spent money such as rich men have.
We never enjoyed such a party as the present one.
This book is the same as that.
He ate as much as possible.
He bowled as many balls as possible.
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 65
The police are looking for the car whose driver was masked.
The police are looking for the car of which the driver was masked
Answers
1. d 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. d 8. b 9. b 10. a
15. The cycle __________ you lent me yesterday is not in good condition.
a) who b) which c) what d) where
16. Give me the book __________ you bought yesterday.
a) who b) which c) what d) where
17. It was Kapil Dev ________ won the cup for India.
a) who b) which c) what d) where
18. He is an engineer _________ comes from America.
a) whose b) where c) which d) who
19. Delhi is the capital of India _________ we can see the Parliament House.
a) when b) where c) that d) whose
20. The boy is a magician _________ sister is a typist.
a) whose b) that c) which d) where
68 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - I
PART - I
MARK: 1 COMMON IDIOMS
IDIOMS
ØØ An idiom is a common word or phrase which means something different from its literal meaning.
They are used to smooth over difficult areas in social interaction.
Examples
1. at the end of my tether – to have no power, patience or endurance left
She was at the end of her tether when her child disturbed her.
2. give me a piece of one’s mind – to tell someone frankly what one thinks especially when
one disapproves the other’s behavior
The principal gave the student a piece of his mind.
3. to be at logger heads – to disagree strongly
The director and the manager are at logger heads.
4. to be on cloud nine – to be extremely happy
He was on cloud nine when he got the first rank of the state.
5. in two minds – dilemma regarding to do something or not
He was in two minds to select the job.
6. a bolt from the blue – unexpected event, complete surprise usually unwelcome
The news of the death of their father came as a bolt from the blue.
7. a yellow streak – cowardice in one’s character
The soldiers showed a yellow streak and escaped from the enemy’s camp.
8. in the pink of health – extremely healthy, in perfect condition
At 90, My grandfather is in the pink of health.
9. a shadow of one’s self – not having the strength, former influence etc,. that one
once had
Once he was a great cricket player but now he is a shadow of himself.
10. Honour bound – required to do something as a moral duty but not by law
We are honour bound to help our neighbours.
11. go a long way – to continue to an extent
He has to go a long way to get a good job.
12. has taken a hard line – firm adherence to a policy
Gandhi took a hard line to get freedom for India.
13. put on airs – behave in an unnatural way to impress others
She puts on airs to move as a rich lady.
14. a change of heart – change in one’s attitude or feelings
The criminal had a change of heart after the advice of the missionary.
15. stands a chance – have a chance
He stands a chance to get school first in +2 Exam.
DRILL BOOK PART - I XI ENGLISH 69
Answers
1. c 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. a 9. c 10. b
72 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - II
PART - II
MARKS: 2
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Interrogative or question
Yes / No question ® whether or if
‘Wh’ question ® No linker
Imperative ® to
Exclamatory ® Change the sentence into assertive and the linker is ‘that’
ØØ We change the tense form of the Reported speech if the Reporting verb is in Past Tense.
ØØ There is no need to change the tense for of the reporting speech if the Reporting verb is present or
future tense.
Example: · He says, “I am unwell.” · He says that he is unwell.
· He said, “I am unwell” · He said that he was unwell
Note : If you find Say/ Says / will say, don’t change the tense.
Yes / No question
ØØ The link word is ‘whether’ or ‘if’
Indirect form should always be in the form of statement.
The teacher said to the boy, “Are you preparing well for the examination?”
The teacher asked the boy if he was preparing for the examination.
Step 1
ØØ The question should be changed into a statement form.
“Are you preparing well for the examination?” will be changed into
“‘you are preparing well for the examination”
Then the rule for the change should be followed.
Now we have to change the tense and persons of the reported side or inside inverted comas according
to the tense and persons of the reporting side or outside inverted comas.
ØØ Since it is a question ‘said to’ may be changed into asked.
The teacher asked the boy whether/if he was preparing well for the examination.
The police said to the man, “Do you know anything about the theft?”
The statement form is ‘You know anything about the theft.’
The pronoun ‘you’ stands for ‘the man’
The police asked/inquired the man whether he knew anything about the theft.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
‘Wh’ question does not have any extra link verb in indirect speech. The ‘wh’ word itself will act as the link word.
The teacher said to the students, “Why do you make such a noise?”
The statement form is “Why you make such a noise.”
The teacher asked the students why they made such a noise.
IMPERATIVE SENTENCE
Imperative sentence has understood subject. So the sentence begins with the verb. The link word is ‘to’
and the verb becomes an infinitive.
The mother said to the boy, ”Go to the shop and buy some sugar.”
The mother told the boy to go to the shop and buy some sugar.
DRILL BOOK PART - II XI ENGLISH 75
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE
Exclamatory sentence should be changed into statement before changing into indirect speech.
The tourist said, “What a wonderful building the Taj is!”
The reporting verb should be always ‘exclaimed’.
The statement form is “The Taj is a very wonderful building.”
The tourist exclaimed that the Taj was a very wonderful building.
Answers
1. Raji asked her mother where she had kept her pen. Mother told Raji that she could find the pen in the same
place where she had kept it. Raji replied that she could not find it and also requested her mother to come and
get it.
2. Ram asked Sam how his trip to Switzerland was. Sam exclaimed that it was very nice and added that he could
see many enchanting places there. Ram asked him again when he had come back. Sam replied that he had
come back only the day before.
3. The teacher asked Madhan why he had not come the previous day. Madhan replied that he had gone to
temple. The teacher advised him that he should produce a leave letter if he wanted to take leave. Madhan
DRILL BOOK PART - II XI ENGLISH 77
produced a letter and the teacher accepting it asked him to sit down.
4. Mohan told the shop-keeper that he wanted one kilo gulabjamun. The shop keeper replied that gulabjamun
was over and he asked Mohan if he would like to buy rasagulla. Mohan told him that he did not like rasagulla
and asked him to pack half a kilo of chips.
5. Suresh exclaimed with sorrow that they had lost the match. Ramesh advised him not to lose heart and
assured him that they would win next time. Suresh thanked Ramesh for his words of comfort.
6. The bookseller asked the student what was wrong with that book. The student replied that six pages were
missing in that book. Then the bookseller requested the student to give him the book and said that he would
check it up. The student gave the book. The bookseller asked the student why he had not brought the book
immediately. The student replied that he had noticed it only that morning.
7. Kapil greeted his teacher and requested him to take those sweets. The teacher asked Kapil whether there was
anything special. Kapil replied that that day was his birthday. The teacher wished Kapil that he might live
long.
8. The passenger requested the booking clerk to give him a second class ticket to Kolkata. The clerk asked him
to give three hundred rupees. Then the passenger asked the clerk from which platform the Howra Express
leaves. The clerk informed that it leaves from platform No.5 at 7.00 p.m. The passenger thanked the clerk and
left the place.
9. The teacher asked the students whether all of them had finished their homework. The students replied that
they had finished it. The teacher appreciated them.
10. The patient complained to the doctor that he had a sore throat. The doctor advised him to take lime and
honey. The patient told him with surprise that it was his grandmother’s remedy. The doctor also admitted
that it was his grandmother’s also.
III Change into direct speech.
1. Karthick said that he did not play cricket.
2. Susheela told David that she was leaving for Madurai that night.
3. Dany told Gaby that she had posted the letter already.
4. Gita said that that company had been delivering cylinders promptly.
5. Gopal told Venu that he had met his father near the post office.
6. Raja said that he had been attending a meeting.
7. Mira told Pratab that he had waited for him for more than one hour.
8. Mr. Das asked his wife who was coming to dinner.
9. The doctor asked the patient whether (if) he ate too much.
10. David told Gita that he would come to her house the next day.
Answers
1. Karthick said, “I don’t play cricket.”
2. Susheela said to David, “I am leaving for Madurai tonight”.
3. Dany said to Gaby, “I have posted the letter already.”
4. Gita said, “This company has been delivering the cylinders promptly.”
5. Gopal said to Venu, “I met your father near the post office.”
6. Raja said, “I was attending a meeting.”
7. Mira said to Pratab, “I have waited for you for more than one hour.”
8. Mr. Das said to his wife, “Who is coming to dinner?”
9. The doctor asked the patient, “Do you eat too much?”
10. David said to Gita, “I shall come to your house tomorrow.”
78 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - II
80 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - II
PART - II
MARKS: 2
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
There are four types of conditions
1. Zero condition
2. Open condition
3. Improbable condition
4. Unfulfilled condition
ZERO CONDITION :
If you heat ice it melts
We use the so-called zero conditional when the result of the condition is always true, like a scientific fact.
Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is
an absolute certainty. We are not thinking about the future or the past, or even the present. We are thinking
about a simple fact. We use the Present Simple tense to talk about the condition. We also use the Present
Simple tense to talk about the result.
Look at these example sentences:
if condition Present Simple result Present Simple
If I miss the 8 o’clock bus, I am late for work.
If I am late for work, my boss gets angry.
If people don’t eat, they get hungry.
If you heat ice, does it melt?
OPEN CONDITION :
If I win the lottery I will buy a car. – for real possibility
We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and
the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen.
Present Simple will + base verb
If I see Mary, I will tell her.
If Tara is free tomorrow, he will invite her.
If they do not pass their exam, their teacher will be sad.
If it rains tomorrow, will you stay at home?
IMPROBABLE CONDITION :
If I won the lottery I would buy a car – for unreal possibility
We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is
not a real possibility that this condition will happen.We use the Past Simple tense to talk about the future
condition. We use would + base verb to talk about the future result. The important thing about the second
conditional is that there is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen.
If I married Mary, I would be happy.
If Ram became rich, he would build a big bungalow.
DRILL BOOK PART - II XI ENGLISH 81
With this conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That
is why there is no possibility for this condition.We use the Past Perfect tense to talk about the impossible
past condition. We use would have + past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The important
thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.
If I had seen Mary, I would have told her.
If Tara had been free yesterday, I would have invited her.
If they had not passed their exam, their teacher would have been sad.
If it had rained yesterday, would you have stayed at home?
If it had rained yesterday, what would you have done?
Inversion of conditional clause happens in sentences where “if” is replaced by “had”, “were” and “should”.
If Alice were here she could perform in the programme.
Were Alice here she could perform in the programme.
If Jack had not wasted so much time he could have completed the project.
Had Jack not wasted so much time he could have completed the project.
If Bob studies well he can get good marks in the exam.
Should Bob study well he can get good marks in the exam.
If Alice were here she could help you
Were Alice here he could help you.
If Gita had studied harder she could have stood first.
Had Gita studied harder, she could have stood first.
If you should come to me I can give my notes to you
Should you come to me I can give my note to you.
DRILL BOOK PART - II XI ENGLISH 83
14. If she had known how he would react she would not have said it.
15. If such a situation were to come about, the company would go bankrupt.
DRILL BOOK PART - II XI ENGLISH 85
PART - II
MARKS: 2
SYNTHESIS
SIMPLE SENTENCE
ØØ A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a subject and
a finite verb and expresses a complete thought.)
• I like coffee.
• Mary likes tea.
• The earth goes round the sun.
• Mary did not go to the party.
• Because of illness she could not attend the party
• In spite of his richness he was not happy.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
ØØ A compound sentence has two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semi-colon.
Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.
• I like coffee and Mary likes tea.
• Mary went to work but John went to the party.
• Our car broke down; we came last.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, and so, for, yet, so
COMPLEX SENTENCE
ØØ A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent clause
starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and a verb, but
does not express a complete thought.)
• We missed our plane because we were late.
• Our dog barks when she hears a noise.
• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.
• Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, because, before, how, if,
once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while
Here are the five basic relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose
Transformation of sentences - Important Models.
Answers
1. Being blind he could not cross the road.
2. Being poor they often suffered great hardship.
3. Slaying his brother the prince became the king.
4. Hearing the entire case, the judge acquitted all of them.
5. Besides being punished he was fined.
6. In spite of poverty he was happy.
7. On being punished he wept.
8. During Queen Victoria’s reign there were many wars.
9. Being ill treated by his master he ran away.
10. He was too dull to understand.
Answers
1. Alice wrote the letter and posted it.
2. Tom as well as James passed the test.
3. Not only has he many admirers, but also several detractors.
4. He is ill but cheerful.
5. He is rich, yet miserable.
6. Tom is ambitious but his brother is quite the reverse.
7. You can go either by bus or train.
8. He neither smokes nor drinks.
9. You must work hard otherwise you will not win.
10. The police arrested the convicts but they escaped from them.
III Combine the following sentences into complex sentence using the linker given.
1. He was tired. He sat down to take rest. (As)
2. Ranjini was weak. She could not continue her studies. (Since)
3. The baby saw her mother. She laughed. (When)
4. The work was very difficult. He could not complete it. (so……that)
5. She is not very intelligent. She could not solve the math problem. (because)
6. He is very rich. He does not help others. (Though)
7. I had taken the breakfast. I went to office. (After)
8. Work well. You will get the first rank. (if)
9. They heard the sad news. They wept. (As)
10. She attended the party hosted by the opponent. It was surprising. (that)
Answers
1. As he was tired he sat down to take rest.
2. Since Ranjini was weak she could not continue her studies.
3. When the baby saw her mother she laughed.
4. The work was so difficult that he could not complete it.
5. She could not solve math problem because she was not very intelligent.
6. Though he is very rich he does not help others.
7. After I had taken the breakfast I went to office.
8. If you work well you will get the first rank.
9. As they heard the sad news they wept.
10. It was surprising that she attended the party hosted by the opponent.
III Combine the following sentences into a complex sentence using the linker given.
1. It was very hot. They continued to play. (though)
2. Children have to carry a lot of books. It is a pity. (that)
3. I had reached the library. I searched for the book. (after)
4. They played well. They won the game. (as)
5. He is an honest business man. Everyone knows it, (that)
6. They may come at any time. Nobody knows about it. (when)
7. Exams are fast approaching. You should be studious. (because)
8. The principal gave instruction to the students. They all entered the hall. (when)
9. You must show your ID card. You will be permitted. (unless)
10. The teacher called them out. At once they ran away. (as…soon…as)
11. Sunil was unhappy. He could not get any job. (as)
DRILL BOOK PART - II XI ENGLISH 89
PART - III
MARKS: 3
NON-VERBAL PRESENTATION
ØØ pie-charts, bar graphs, bar charts, tabular columns, flow charts etc will be given for interpretation.
ØØ First of all, study the data given, analyse them comparatively and highlight the salient features.
TABLES, PIE-CHARTS
1. Study the following table pertaining to hours spent by boys and girls on various activities on
Sunday and write three sentences interpreting the data given.
Activities Boys Girls
Reading 2 5
Playing 3 1
Watching TV 1 1
Chatting 2 3
Writing 1 3
Answer :
ØØ On Sundays, girls spend more time on writing than boys.
ØØ Boys are more interested in playing games than girls because they spend three hours for it.
ØØ Both boys and girls spend only one hour on watching TV as they don’t like to waste much of their time
for recreation.
2.
The following are the data on amount of pollution and noise level during Deepavali in
Tamilnadu. Study the data and write the interpretation in about 50 words.
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1980 1990 2000 2010
Answer :
The amount of pollution and noise level during Deepavali in Tamil Nadu has been increasing since 1980.
In 1980, it was below 1500 but steadily it has gone up to 2500. It shows that people do not care about the
ill effects of air pollution. The mass media should play a key role in creating awareness among the people
about how they will be affected by the increasing level of air pollution and noise pollution.
DRILL BOOK PART - III XI ENGLISH 91
3. Source of Energy
coal 28% 5%
o
dr
Hy
Nuclear 8%
Gas 20%
Oil 40%
Answer :
The most valuable source of energy is oil. Conventional sources of energy like coal, oil and gas make up
88% of the total energy available. The second largest source of energy is coal. The developed countries
should tap solar energy to satisfy the need for renewable energy. Wind energy can also be given priority
during the seasonal time.
DATA INFERENCE
EXERCISE FOR SELF EVALUATION
Type : I
1. Study the following table pertaining to sale of articles of two department stores in a week
and write in a paragraph of about 50 words on your inference about the data.
Articles Star Department Store Surya Department Store
FMCG* 35% 20%
Grocery 25% 40%
Fruits and Vegetables 20% 10%
Kitchen ware 10% 20%
Toys 5% 5%
Stationery 5% 5%
* Note : FMCG - Fast moving consumer goods
2. Study the following table pertaining to the number of vehicles passing by the signal.
Type of vehicle No. of vehicles Timings
Cars 180 8 - 9 am
Two - wheelers 350 9 - 10 am
Cycles 28 9 - 10 am
Trucks 275 8 - 10 am
3. Study the following table pertaining to the time spent on various activities by children and
adults.
Activities Children Adults
Reading 2 hrs 1 hr
Playing 3 hrs 1 hr
Using mobile phone Nil 2 hrs
Writing 6 hrs 2 hrs
92 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - III
DATA COMPREHENSION
14 ·
12 ·
10 ·
8 · ·
6 ·
4 ·
2 ·
Questions :
i) Only __________ pupils have scored 70%.
a) 10 b) 12 c) 14 d) 8
ii) Most of the pupils have scored __________ marks.
a) 55% b) 65% c) 75% d) 85%
iii) __________ pupils have obtained below 70%.
a) 10 b) 20 c) 30 d) 40
2.
THANJAVUR TO TRICHY
Time Bus Car Lorry Bike
06.30 to 09.00 25 75 65 90
10.00 to 12.00 30 20 10 30
13.00 to 15.30 75 70 65 90
18.00 to 20.00 90 110 65 80
21.00 to 22.30 45 75 65 40
Questions :
i) Total number of vehicles passed between 6.30 and 9.00
a) 220 b) 245 c) 100 d) 230
ii) No. of cars passed between 18.00 and 20.00
a) 110 b) 90 c) 65 d) 80
iii) State whether the following statement is true or false.
‘The road was less frequented by buses between 10.00 and 12.00’.
DRILL BOOK PART - III XI ENGLISH 93
3. Study the pie - chart given and answer the questions that follow.
Sports TV
15% Sun TV
15%
Pothigai TV
10%
Vijay TV
Pogo TV 20%
30%
Thanthi
TV
10%
Questions :
a) Which are the two channels preferred by equal percentage of people?
b) Which TV channel enjoys maximum viewership?
c) Which TV channel is preferred by children?
Answers
1. i) (b)12 ii) (c) 75% iii) (b) 20 2. i) (c) Opal ii) (b) 200 iii) (c) Meera and Kannagi
3. (a) Sports and Sun TV (b) Pogo channel (c) Pogo Channel
Type : II
1. Allotment of time and programme of a popular TV.
ials a
Ser % m
50 ine %
C 30
ws Health
Ne % 5%
25
Pe rvie
int 10%
rso w
e
na s
l
Questions :
i) Which two items of programme are allotted equal time?
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) What is the total percentage of time that is allotted to entertainment programme?
__________________________________________________________________________________
iii) What proportion of time do you find between serials and news?
__________________________________________________________________________________
94 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - III
Tsuna
ne
5%
clo
Cy 0%
mi
2
Land
slide
10%
Floods
35%
Eart
Fire
25%
h qu
5%
ake
Questions :
i) Which are the two types of natural calamity that have equal probability of occurrence?
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Next to floods, which has the greater probability of occurrence?
__________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Which type of natural calamity is placed third in terms of probability of occurrence?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. The sale of articles in a department store for a month.
FMCG
Sta 35%
tio
n
5% ery
Grocery
Toys 5% 25%
Fr
en ve uits
ch ge a
Kit are n
w % 20 tabl d
% es
10
Questions :
i) Which items were sold at a maximum in the store?
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Which item records the lowest percentage of sale?
__________________________________________________________________________________
iii) What is the total percentage of sales that involves a family on a daily basis?
__________________________________________________________________________________
DRILL BOOK PART - III XI ENGLISH 95
DIALOGUE COMPLETION
ØØ In dialogue completion one exchange of a dialogue will be given and the remaining part will be com-
pleted by the students.
Ravi : When he comes will you please ask him to call me?
Asha : Sure I will do.
V. Dialogue between two friends about a picnic they are planning
David : Shall we go for a picnic next Saturday?
Kumar : Oh! Fine. I am ready.
David : Where shall we go?
Kumar : Shall we make it to Yercaud?
David : Wonderful. We will start around 6 am and we can be back in the evening
Kumar : Ok. We will follow that.
Type : I
DRILL BOOK PART - III XI ENGLISH 97
PART - III
MARKS: 3
PROCESS WRITING
12. How will you collect information about a poet from internet?
13. How will you arrange the stage for cultural programme?
14. How will you send a parcel by courier?
15. How will you withdraw money from an ATM centre?
DRILL BOOK PART - III XI ENGLISH 99
PART - III
MARKS: 3
PROVERBS
COMPLETION OF PROVERBS
Proverbs
ØØ Proverbs are popularly defined as short expressions of popular wisdom. The wisdom is in the form of
a general observation about the world or a bit of advice, sometimes more nearly an attitude toward a
situation.
2. All’s fair in love and war In certain situation everything is right if it leads to
success.
3. All roads lead to Rome. All paths or activities lead to the centre of things.
4. All work and no play makes Jack a dull Working all the time will not make you successful.
boy.
5. As you make your bed, so you must lie You must accept the unpleasant result of something you
on it. have done.
6. Actions speak louder than words. People’s actions show their real attitude than their
mere words.
7. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A person who helps at a difficult state can be relied on.
8. All good things must come to an end. Nothing great will last forever.
9. All’s well that ends well. If the outcome of a situation is happy, this compensates
for any previous difficulty or unpleasantness.
11. Well begun is half done. A good beginning almost assures success.
12. Bend the willow while it is young. Influence young people while they are young and
impressionable.
13. Better late than never. It is better to do something or arrive after the expected time
than not do it or arrive at all.
14. Birds of the same feather flock together. People who have similar characters or interests come together
15. Bitter pills may have blessed effects. There are some unpleasant things that actually turn out to
be good.
16. Blood is thicker than water. Family relationships and loyalties are the strongest
and most important ones.
17. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. Different people have different ideas and views about
what is beautiful; not all people have the same idea.
100 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - III
61. He who hesitates is lost. The person who waits too long loses the opportunity.
62. If life gives you lemons, make lemonade. If you have had many bad experiences, make something
good out of it.
63. If the shoe fits, wear it. Accept an accurate description of you, even if it is not
flattering.
64. In for a penny, in for a pound. Commitment will often escalate.
65. Jack of all trades and master of none. know little bit of everything but nothing is known well.
66. Keep your friends close, but your It is best to gather as much information about your
enemies closer. enemies as possible.
67. The law is a jealous mistress. The law must constantly be updated.
68. Learn to walk before you run. Learn the basics of any subject first.
69. Live and let live. Let others do whatever they want as long as it does
not hurt anyone.
Answers
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. a
106 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
DEFINITION
Make notes and then write a summary for the following passages.
Following is the format for making notes. (Write the keywords)
Heading Heading
1. Sub heading 2. Sub heading
1.a. Point 1 2.a. Point 1
1.b. Sub - Sub heading 2.b. Sub - Sub heading
1.b.1. Sub Point 1 2.b.1. Sub Point 1
1.b.2. Sub Point 2 2.b.2. Sub Point 2
1.c. Point 1 2.c. Point 1
Model 1
During my vacation last May, I had a hard time choosing a tour. Flights to Japan, Hong Kong and
Australia are just too common. What I wanted was somewhere exciting and exotic. I was so happy when
my wife suggested a trip to Cherokee, a county in the state of Oklahoma. I agreed and went off with the
preparation immediately.
We took a flight to Cherokee and visited a town called Qualla Boundary Surrounded by magnificent
mountain scenery. With its Oconaluftee Indian Village reproducing tribal crafts and lifestyles of the 18th
century, Qualla Boundary tries to present a brief image of the Cherokee past to the tourists.
Despite the language barrier, we managed to find our way to the souvenir shops with the help of the
natives. The shops are filled with rubber tomahawks and colorful traditional war bonnets, made of dyed
turkey feathers. “Welcome! Want to get anything?” We looked up and saw a middle-aged man smiling
at us. We were very surprised by his fluent English. He introduced himself as George and we ended up
chatting till lunch time when he invited us for lunch at a nearby coffee shop.
“Sometimes, I’ve to work from morning to sunset during the tour season. Anyway, this is still better
off than being a woodcutter ...” Remembrance weighed heavy on George’s mind and he went on to tell us
that he used to cut firewood for a living but could hardly make ends meet. We learnt from him that the
Cherokees do not depend solely on trade for survival.
Our final stop in Qualla Boundary was at the museum where arts, ranging from the simple hand-
woven oak baskets to wood and stone carvings of wolves, ravens and other symbols of Cherokee cosmology
are displayed. Back at home, I really missed the place and I would of course look forward to the next trip
to another exotic place.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 107
Answer:
Note making
A visit to qualla boundary
1. Decided on Cherokee for their tour
1.a. The scenery was breathtaking
1.b. Tribal crafts
2. Visited souvenir shops
2.a. Befriended a local George
2.b. Visited town’s museum
Rough draft
Summary writing
We visited Qualla Boundary, a town in Cherokee. The mountain scenery surrounding the town was a
breathtaking sight. The traditional lifestyle of the Indians, the tribal crafts they made, presented to tourists
a rough image of Cherokee in the 18th century. We also visited the souvenir shops which sold rubber
tomahawks and war bonnets. There we befriended a local, George, who told us that besides trade,they
had other ways to earn money. Finally, we visited the town’s museum where different kinds of arts, like
handwoven baskets and carved figurines are displayed.
Fair Copy
Title: Exciting Tour
The narrator and his wife visited Qualla Boundary, a town in Cherokee. The mountain scenery
surrounding the town was a breathtaking sight. The traditional lifestyle of the Indians, the tribal crafts they
made, presented to tourists a rough image of Cherokee in the 18th century. They also visited the souvenir
shops which sold rubber tomahawks and war bonnets. There they befriended a local, George, who told
them that besides trade,they had other ways to earn money. Finally, we visited the town’s museum where
different kinds of arts, like handwoven baskets and carved figurines are displayed.
Model 2
As what geographers have estimated, about twenty percent of the earth’s surface is occupied
by deserts. A majority of us view deserts as one unique kind of landscape -- areas with little or no
rainfalls.
In actual fact, there are differences among the deserts, though in varying degrees. Despite the fact
that rainfall is minimal, temperatures do change in deserts, ranging from seasonal ones to daily changes
where extreme hotness and coldness are experienced in the day and night.
Unfavorable conditions in the deserts, especially the lack of water, have discouraged many living
things from inhabiting these landscapes. One such kind is the specialist annual plants which overcome
seasonal temperature changes with their extremely short, active life cycles. Their flowers bloom and set
seeds that ripen quickly in the hot sun too. Once the water runs dry, the mother plant dies, leaving behind
the drought-resistant seeds, waiting patiently for the next rainy season to arrive.
The Cacti, a native in American deserts, adapts to the dry surroundings by having unique body
structures. The plant has swollen stems to help store water that carries it through months. By having
sharp pines instead of leaves, water loss through respiration is minimized. Besides plants, there are also
animals with distinct surviving tactics in deserts too. For instance, Skinks (desert lizards) producing water
to supplement their needs, just like what camels do with the stored food in their humps during long
journeys through deserts, it keeps fat in its tail. It generates water from the fats. Antelopes like the addax,
have very low water needs and hence are able to tolerate the conditions in deserts, extracting moisture
from the food they eat.
Finally, there are the sandgrouse (desert birds) which do not have special features to overcome the
drought-like nature in deserts. Hence, to survive in these hot, dry deserts, they need to spend a large part
of their time flying in search of waterholes.
108 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
Note making
The Cacti
1. Deserts have plants and animals
1.a. Specialist annual plants – short life cycles
1.b. Cacti adapts to the dry weather – swollen stems, pine like leaves
2. Skinks, a desert lizard –generate water from fats
2.a. Antelopes require very little water
2.b. Sandgrouse moves to waterholes
Rough draft
Summary writing
Despite the dry conditions in the deserts, some plants and animals still manage to survive there.
One of them is the specialist annual plants. Their short life cycles allow them to germinate, grow and
produce seeds during short rainy seasons. The Cacti adapts to the dry weather by having swollen stems
for water storage and pine-like leaves to minimize water loss through respiration. Skinks, desert lizard
generate water from stored fats in their tails and antelopes which requires very little water, survives in
deserts by extracting water from food they eat. Finally, sandgrouse with no adaptive features turns to
waterholes constantly for help.
Fair copy
Habitation in desert
Despite the dry conditions in the deserts, some plants and animals still manage to survive there.
One of them is the specialist annual plants. Their short life cycles allow them to germinate, grow and
produce seeds during short rainy seasons. The Cacti adapts to the dry weather by having swollen stems
for water storage and pine-like leaves to minimize water loss through respiration. Skinks, desert lizard
generate water from stored fats in their tails and antelopes which require very little water and survive in
deserts by extracting water from food they eat. Finally, sandgrouse with no adaptive features turns to
waterholes constantly for help.
Singing is one way in which animals can interact with one another. These songs are usually
rich in notes variation, encoding various kinds of messages. Songs are also used to warn and keep off
other blackbirds from their territory, usually a place where they dwell and reproduce. Large mammals in
the oceans sing too, according to adventurous sailors. Enormous whales groan and grunt while smaller
dolphins and porpoises produce pings, whistles and clicks. These sounds are surprisingly received by other
mates as far as several hundred kilometers away.
Besides singing, body language also forms a large part of animals’ communication tactics.
Dominant hyenas exhibit their power by raising the fur hackles on their necks and shoulders, while the
submissive ones normally “surrender” to the powerful parties by crouching their heads low and curling
their lips a little, revealing their teeth in friendly smiles.
Colours, which are most conspicuously found on animals are also important means of interaction
among animals. Male birds of paradise, which have the gaudiest colored feathers often hang themselves
upside down from branches, among fluffing plumes, displaying proudly their feathers, attracting the
opposite sex.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 109
Insects such as the wasps, armed with poisonous bites or stings, normally have brightly painted
bodies to remind other predators of their power. Hoverflies and other harmless insects also make use of
this fact and colored their bodies brightly in attempts to fool their predators into thinking that they are as
dangerous and harmful as the wasps too.
2. All snakes are hunters and predators, feeding on the animals and sometimes their eggs. Having
no limbs, snakes cannot hold their preys down to bite; hence they usually swallow them whole. Poisonous
snakes sometimes immobilize their preys with their venom to make consumption easier.
Most poisonous snakes are conspicuously colored to warn others off. One example is the
redheaded krait which has a bluish-black body and scarlet head and tail. Snakes like the cobras, which
have less outstanding body colors, display their fatality by lifting the front part of their body and spreading
their hoods.
Is their venom so deadly? In general, there are three kinds of poisons in the venom, though
in varying amounts, depending on the type of snake in question. Venoms usually contain substances
that weaken the blood corpuscles and the lining of the blood vessels. Profuse bleeding, often a
common result of snake-bites, is caused by the anticoagulants present in the poison which prevents blood
clotting. The paralysis of the heart and respiratory muscles is performed by the nervous system attacking
toxins.
Though these bites are deadly, certain actions can be taken to slow down the spread of the
venom, hence saving the victim’s life. Attempting to cut open and suck at the spot of the bite is more likely
to be harmful than a cure. The poisonous venom usually travels fast into the body upon being released;
hence sucking at the mouth of the wound will not help remove the poison, rather, incising the bite may
lead the victim to great pain and further profuse bleeding. Instead, a broad, firm cloth bandage should be
applied over the wound and up the full limb to compress the tissues and prevent the spread of the venom.
After which, the victim must be duly sent to the hospital for professional treatment.
3. Bombay is often regarded as India’s Capital of Hope. Often wondering why this is so, I made a fruitful
trip down to the busy city, solving most of my queries. Bombay consists of seven islands, joined by land
reclamation. Many Indians, especially those from the rural areas, regard Bombay as their paradise, since
they could find work relatively easily here, as compared to their homelands.
Being the pillar for revenue collection, Bombay’s economic growth has far outperformed the
other cities. In fact, its per capita production of goods and services is about three times greater than
that of Delhi - India’s second most prosperous city. Despite the economic boom, Bombay gives me an
astonishing image of deterioration when I first stepped into the city.
Though unemployment is not a significant problem in Bombay, housing is. A visit in Dharavi, a slum
area in Bombay will help clarify our imagination. The Bombayites’ so called “houses” are actually movable
shacks, built from unwanted bits of tarpaulin, tin and cardboard. Curious about the living conditions, I
wondered around the maze, meeting groups of scantily clad kids and hungry, stray dogs. Popping my
inquisitive head into one of the small huts, I was totally amazed by their living conditions. Estimating
about twelve or more Bombayites living in each hut, these two-storey houses are usually partitioned by
rough platforms with ceilings no higher than five feet from the ground. Furthermore, `these shacks look
absolutely bare -- no furniture and I deduced that the inhabitants eat and sleep on the ground.
In spite of the poor living conditions, many Indians still hope to migrate to Bombay. Interviewing
a few of the newcomers, a majority of them said that they came to Bombay to find jobs. There are
some who regard Bombay as buoyant floats, saving them from natural disasters and tyrannies in their
homelands.
4. Buying things today is so simple. Just enter a shop, say a book store, choose the desired book
and pay for it. Long ago, before the invention of money, how did people trade?
110 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
The most primitive way of exchange should be the barter trade. In this form of transaction,people
used goods to exchange for the things that they had in mind. For instance, if person A wanted a book and
he had a spare goat, he must look for someone who had the exact opposite, that is, that someone, say
person B, must have a spare book of person A’s choice and is also in need of a goat. Having found such
a person, the problem does not end here. A big goat may worth not only one book, hence person B may
have to offer person A something else, say five chickens. However, he runs the risk of person A rejecting
the offer as he may not need the chickens. The above example clearly illustrates the inefficiency of barter
trading.
Many years later, the cumbersome barter trade finally gave way to the monetary form of
exchangewhen the idea of money was invented. In the early days, almost anything could qualify as
money: beads, shells and even fishing hooks. Then in a region near Turkey, gold coins were used as
money. In the beginning, each coin had a different denomination. It was only later, in about 700 BC, that
Gyges, the king of Lydia, standardized the value of each coin and even printed his name on the coins.
Monetary means of transaction at first beat the traditional barter trade. However, as time wentby,
the thought of carrying a heavy pouch of coins for shopping appeared not only troublesome but thieves
attracting. Hence, the Greek and Roman traders who bought goods from people faraway cities, invented
checks to solve the problem. Not only are paper cheques easy to carry around, they discouraged robbery
as these cheques can only be used by the person whose name is printed on the notes. Following this idea,
banks later issued notes in exchange for gold deposited with them. These bank notes can then be used
as cash. Finally, governments of today adopted the idea and began to print paper money, backed by gold
for the country’s use
5. Whenever we see stale bread or fruits turning spoilt, fungi are at work. When trees die and their
dead trunks start to decompose, fungi are the masterminds. Most of us tend to associate fungi with the
decomposition of dead plants or animals. In actual fact, fungi can also attack living things.
The fungi that cause decay are known as the Saprobe. They are actually yeasts which feed onthe
dead remains of plants and animals. While they can be a nuisance in the kitchen, as they turn our food
bad, Saprobe can also assist man. For instance, by breaking down the dead bodies of plants and animals,
these leftovers are removed from the living world. In addition, yeasts can be used to make wine, beer and
also as raising agents in bread.
The parasitic fungi are the ones which feed on living things. The powdery mildew, downy
mildewor rust are the few which attack plants. Usually, these fungi deposit themselves on the leaves or
flowers of the plants. Their slender, feeding branches then squeeze themselves into the gaps between
the plant’s cells and soak up their nutrients. After which, a hard, black fruiting body called the ergot is
left in the flower replacing the seeds. The ergot contains toxins which causes serious illnesses if eaten.
Despite its poisonous nature, the ergot contains active ingredients which when purified and used in small
amounts, are treatments for migraine. Parasites attacking living animals, especially man, are rarer as most
animals have their own immune system. In special cases like an AIDS patient, where his immune system
is very weak, parasites may find their chance to attack.
The most aggressive kind of fungi is the predatory ones. As the name suggests, they catch
and feed on their preys, usually smaller than themselves. Some predatory fungi dwell in ponds to catch
amoebae or rotifers. In capturing the amoebae, the fungi use their sticky branches to hold down the
creatures before feasting on them. Thus we see that fungi are not only the ones which spoil our food.
Besides these, there are also other kinds. In addition we also understand that fungi, like most other living
things, have their usefulness and harmfulness too.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 111
Model 1
Response to newspaper advertisement for job.
Response to an advertisement for a job is done only with a letter. This type of letter falls under
official letter. It has a specified pattern with From Address and To address. This pattern must be followed
for this response. Another letter is to write to friend describing an incident or inviting him for some
occasion or trying to get some help. This type of letter is friendly letter which has different pattern.
Prepare an application along with Bio-Data / Resume / Curriculum Vitae for the post of an
accountant.
July 29, 2020.
From
Krishnan S. N.
37 – 4th Cross Street,
Amman Nagar,
Erode.
To
The Manager,
ABC Manufactures,
Erode.
Sir,
Sub: Application for the post of an Accountant
Ref: Your advt in the Indian Express dated 28th July.
In response to your advertisement that appeared in The Indian Express of July 28, 2020 inviting
application for the post of an accountant, I wish to be considered for the same.
Details regarding my qualifications are stated in the bio-data enclosed with this letter for your kind
perusal.
You may also refer to the persons stated in the bio-data. A testimonial from the principal of my
college from where I graduated is also attached.
If I am given a chance to work in your company I will do my best to the satisfaction of my superiors.
Thanking You, Yours faithfully,
Krishnan.
112 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
Model 2
You are Raja / Rita. You come across the following advertisement in a newspaper. Write an
application in response to the advertisement.
Date : 5-3-2020
From
XXX
YYY
To
Messer. Infra Constructions,
18, VSK Street,
Kumaran Nagar,
Salem - 636 007.
Sir,
In response to your advertisement that appeared in The Hindu of August 30, 2020 inviting application for the
post of General Manager, I wish to be considered for the same.
I have required qualification with 5 years of experience in this field.
I completed BE Civil in 2013. I have attached copies of all my certificates including experience certificate.
If I am given a chance to work in your concern I will do my best to the entire the satisfaction of my superiors.
Thanking you Yours faithfully,
Enclosure : My Resume XXX.
My Resume
1. Name : XXX
2. Father’s Name : ABC
3. Address : YYY
4. Age and Date of Birth : 25yrs, 01.01.1995
5. Educational Qualification : BBA
6. Experience : 5yrs in a private company
7. Salary expected : Rs. 20,000 per month
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 113
Yours lovingly,
Raman.
EXERCISE FOR SELF EVALUATION
I Respond to the following advertisements. (Job Application)
1. Applications are invited for the post of General Manager – Sales from candidates with MBA by a
reputed firm in Tirunelveli. The candidate must have at least three years of experience in the same
field. The candidate must have fluency in English and Tamil. Attractive salary may be expected. The
interested candidates may apply to
The Proprietor,
Maritime Garments,
27 –VBK Market,
Madurai – 6
within 10 days with a detailed resume.
2. Applications are invited for the post of Administrator from candidates with MBA by a reputed Computer
firm in Karur. The candidate must have at least three years of experience in the same field. The
candidate must have fluency in English and Tamil. Attractive salary may be expected. The interested
candidates may apply to
The Proprietor,
Global Computers,
18 – KBT Street,
Karur – 2
within 10 days with a detailed resume.
114 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
3. Applications are invited for the post of Agricultural Officer from candidates with B. Sc./ M Sc Agriculture
by a reputed Agriculture firm in Namakkal. The candidate must have at least three years of experience
in the same field. The candidate must have fluency in English and Tamil. Attractive salary may be
expected. The interested candidates may apply to
The Proprietor,
Amman Gardens,
34, Salem Main Road,
Namakkal – 2
within 10 days with a detailed resume.
4. Applications are invited for the post of Head Nurse from candidates with B. Sc. / M. Sc Nursing by a
reputed Hospital in Chennai. The candidate must have at least five years of experience in the same
field. The candidate must have fluency in English and Tamil. Attractive salary may be expected. The
interested candidates may apply to
The Proprietor,
Hindustan Hospital,
107 4th Cross Street,
Anna Nagar,
Chennai 10
within 10 days with a detailed resume.
5. Applications are invited for the post of System Admin from candidates with BE Computer Science /
B.Tech.IT / B. Sc Computer science / BCA / MCA by a reputed Publishing House in Salem. The candidate
must have at least three years of experience in the same field. The candidate must have fluency in
English and Tamil. Attractive salary may be expected. The interested candidates may apply to
The Proprietor,
Hymn Publishers,
27 – Bretts Road,
Salem - 639001
within 10 days with a detailed resume.
6. Applications are invited for the post of General Manager – Administration from candidates with MBA by
a reputed Exporters. The candidate must have at least three years of experience in the same field. The
candidate must have fluency in English and Tamil. Attractive salary may be expected. The interested
candidates may apply to
The Proprietor,
PKM Exporters,
27 –VBK Market,
Madurai – 6
within 10 days with a detailed resume.
7. Applications are invited for the post of Teacher of English from candidates with M.A., B.Ed. by a reputed
School. The candidate must have at least three years of experience in the same field. The candidate
must have fluency in English and Tamil. Attractive salary may be expected. The interested candidates
may apply to
The Principal,
SVS Hr. Sec. School,
Amman Nagar,
Kalakurichi
within 10 days with a detailed resume.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 115
116 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
When we want to write a paragraph, most of the time we should start off by coming up with an
idea. After we have our idea or topic, we can start thinking about different things we can do to expand
upon that idea. We should only finish the paragraph when we have finished covering everything we want
about that idea.
GENERAL PARAGRAPH
1. Write a paragraph in about 150 words on ‘Role of computers’.
Today’s generation could never ever imagine in their wildest dreams about the world, ages before,
when there were no computers or any other technologies. So much we have advanced that now every
information is just a click away and is in your hands 24/7. All this advancement was possible only with the
introduction of a small device called the “Computer”.
The early computers were limited in their functions. Charles Babbage in 1837 was the first to
introduce and design a fully programmed mechanical computer, his analytical engine and it was later
completed by his son Henry Babbage who made it into a simplified version of the analytical engine’s
computing unit.
The original objective of inventing a computer was to create a fast calculating machine. During
the World War II, it became very essential to understand and locate the direction and speed of the
enemy weapons. Over a period of time computers have evolved and toady with the Artificial Intelligence
technology, we use the most advanced kind of computers that have helped man in every sectors of life.
At every generations of the computers or in fact during the evolution, each time computers are being
launched that are lighter, smaller, speedier and more powerful. The computers have been a dominating
factor since the 1970`s and today it has conquered almost all walks of life.
Computers are being used for various purposes today like weather forecasting, machinery operations,
guidance of spacecraft and technology. Apart from these in the medical sector, it provides a great helping
hand in storing information that could be referred later, in space technology, automation in banks, ticket
booking through the net, traffic control, and even games could be played in computers and many more.
2. Write a paragraph in about 150 words on ‘Pollution and its effects’.
The presence of that substance in the environment which has harmful and toxic effect on it is called
pollution. Environmental pollution can be caused by natural events such as volcanoes and forest fires but
it largely occurs due to the pollutants caused by human activities. With growth in population and rapid
spread of industrialization pollution has become a global issue. The awareness for the need to protect
environment from pollution has developed among the people.
The effects of pollution may be given here. The greenhouse gas emission in the atmosphere
increases the temperature of the earth. The climate change causes catastrophic change in weather. The
harmful gases in the atmosphere cause irritation to the throat and eyes, asthma as well as other respiratory
problems and diseases such as lung cancer.
Increased level of radiation increases the risk of skin cancer. It can also have adverse effects on
cardiovascular system. Use of fertilizers such as insecticides and pesticides reduce the soil fertility and
results in reduction of crop production. This may result in famine and malnutrition.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 117
Polluted water affects the sea organisms and aquatic life. The contaminated water when consumed
by humans causes various diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and jaundice.
The excessive exposure to noise pollution can result in impaired hearing or cause deafness in
human beings. It might also result in high blood pressure and coronary diseases. Wild life is also adversely
affected due to air and noise pollution. Toxic soils and water channels can kill several plants and animals.
It may cause neurological damage, cancer and failure to reproduce in animals.
Pollution has several adverse effects on animals, plants, environment, ecosystem and human
beings. It is a global issue and people are now being more aware of the need to prevent this problem. It
is vital to control pollution to prevent its adverse effects on our environment and life in general.
3. Write a paragraph in about 150 words on ‘Deforestation’.
Deforestation is the removal of trees on a vast level for fulfilling all the requirements of the growing
population. Humans being are so selfish; they are doing deforestation by completely removing the forests
without replanting. However, they do not know that unknowingly they are digging a big pit for their own.
People are changing the forests into the land forms for getting more wood, fuel, harvesting, making farms,
building home and cities to live comfortably.
Deforestation causes many ill effects like loss of animal habitat, environmental imbalance, seasonal
change, increasing temperature, global warming, increasing greenhouse gas effect, melting ice caps and
glaciers, increasing seas level, weakening ozone layer and a hole in the ozone layer. It leads to risks of
natural disaster like storm, cyclone, typhoon, flood, drought, and many more negative changes which are
enough to endanger the existence of life on the earth.
Forests play a great role in balancing the human life and environmental cycle by regulating the
water cycle, production of soil, providing habitat for animals, providing oxygen, utilizing harmful CO2,
regulating environmental temperature, preventing soil erosion and many more. By cutting the forests we
are stopping all the positive activities done by forests in the favour of humans and environment.
4. Write a paragraph in about 150 words on ‘Child labour’.
Child labour has become a biggest social issue in India which needs to be solved on a war–footing.
It is not the responsibility of the government only and it should be solved and taken care by all the parents,
owners and other social organizations. It is the issue of everyone which should be solved personally as it
can happen with the child of any person.
In many developing countries child labour is very common because of the existence of high level of
poverty and poor schooling opportunities for the children. The highest incidence rate of the child labour is
still more than 50 percent in which children of age group 5 to 14 are working in the developing countries.
The rate of child labour is high in the agriculture field which is mostly found in the rural and informal urban
economy where most of the children are predominantly employed into the agriculture work by their own
parents instead of sending them to the school.
The issue of the child labour has now been an international concern as it is highly related to
inhibiting the growth and development of the country. Healthy children are the bright future and power of
any country. Thus child labour is damaging, spoiling and destroying the future of the children and finally
the country.
5. Write a paragraph in about 150 words on ‘Social Media and its impact’.
We live in a time and age where information is just a button press away. We are swayed by
information all around us. We millennials want to know, read, understand and then speak our minds about
it. That is where social media comes into play. Social media is one of the biggest elements that we live
with and cannot ignore completely.
Social media is collection of websites, applications and other platforms that enable us to share or
create content and also help us to participate in social networking. Social media is not limited to blogging
and sharing pictures. There are a lot of strong tools also that social media provides. That is because the
impact of social media is very high and far reaching. It can make or break images.
118 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
But social media is a topic of controversy today. Many feel it’s a boon but there is a majority who
feels that it is a curse. Mostly people feel that social media has destroyed human interaction with a rapid
rate and has modified modern human relationships. But there are others who feel that it is a blessing that
has connected us to every part of the world and, we can meet our loved ones that are far away. We can
send security warnings. There is a lot that social media can do. But it is an unarguable fact the presence
of social media has made our lives more comfortable, exciting and enjoyable.
6. Write a paragraph in about 150 words on ‘Terrorism’.
Terrorism is the use or threat of violence to create fear and alarm. Terrorists murder and kidnap
people, set off bombs, hijack airplanes, set fires, and commit other serious crimes. But the goals of
terrorists differ from those of ordinary criminals.
Most criminals want money or some other form of personal gain. Most terrorists commit crimes to
support political or religious causes. Terrorist acts are committed for various reasons. Some individuals and
groups that use terrorism often threaten to kill the hostages if their demands are not met.
Some terrorism involves the intentional release of toxic chemicals, poisons, germs, or other harmful
substances. Bombings make up about half of all terrorist acts. Terrorism may cross national boundaries.
A quarrel in one nation may produce terrorist attacks in several other countries. Most terrorist groups
fail to achieve their long-range political goals. Governments fight terrorism by refusing to accept terrorist
demands and by increasing security at airports and other likely targets.
7. Write a paragraph in about 150 words on ‘Science’.
Science involves extensive study of the behaviour of natural and physical world. The study is
conducted by way of research, observation and experimentation. There are several branches of science.
These include the natural sciences, social sciences and formal sciences.
Physics, chemistry, biology and astronomy form a part of the natural sciences. History, geography,
economics, political science, sociology, psychology, social studies and anthropology are a part of the social
sciences and formal sciences include mathematics, logic, statistics, decision theory, system theory and
computer science.
Science has changed the world for good. There have been several scientific inventions from time
to time and these have made life convenient for the human beings. However, useful it is, science has also
been misused by some, mainly by those in power, for fueling an arms race and degrading the environment.
The ideologies of science and religion have not found any meeting ground. These seemingly contrasting
ideas have given rise to several conflicts in the past and continue to do so.
8. Write a paragraph in about 150 words on ‘Status of women in India’.
The status of women in the ancient Indian society was quite better. However, in the middle
age it got deteriorated. Various ill practices came into existence against women which deteriorated
the condition of women. Indian society became male dominated and women were treated as man’s
slaves. Slowly they became the weaker sex in the society because men used to keep women under their
thumb. They were forced to obey men blindly as a dumb cattle living under four walls of the house.
At some places in the country, women are still ill-treated by the men even after the fast changes in the
society.
Women are treated as living things of the house following all the old cultures, traditions and
restrictions of the society. Earlier the elders of the family were not be happy over the birth of a female child
in the house. However they became double happy if the child was a male. They understood that a male
child will be a source of money whereas female child will be a consumer of money. The birth of daughter
was supposed to be a curse to the family. The gradual positive changes in the Indian society have been
proved to be beneficial to the women status. Positive thinking of people has taken a swift speed which has
changed human mind politically, economically and socially towards women.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 119
PART - IV
MARKS: 5 ERROR SPOTTING
ERROR
Error may occur in many areas of a sentence.
ØØ So we have to read the sentence very carefully before answering this question. We are supposed to
spot the error and write the sentence with the correction. Errors are generally tested in the following
areas:
• Articles
• Prepositions
• Numbers (singular and plural)
• Usage of wrong words
• Usage of tenses
• Usage of conjunctions
• Usage of adverbs and adjectives.
• Word order
• Question tags
• Conditional clauses
• Conjunctions
• Concord (agreement of the verb with its subject)
Set I
1. Diploma in computers is an one-year course.
2. They were discussing about cricket.
3. The members of our team is very efficient.
4. As it rained so we did not go shopping.
5. Though he is sick but he attends the classes.
Set II
1. Neither I nor my brother are happy.
2. He is a doctor, is he?
3. Ooty is one of the hill resort in Tamilnadu.
4. The sun sets in west.
5. I am overwhelmed with his sense of humour.
Set III
1. He refused to answer to me.
2. One of the books are costly.
3. He is junior than me.
4. Though Karan was intelligent but he failed in the examination.
5. Sagayam is a M.A., in English.
Set IV
1. If tomorrow is declared a holiday, we shall go to a picnic.
2. When I reached the station the train left.
3. If he had studied well he would pass the exam easily.
4. If I were a giant I would have carried you to the hill.
5. If he meets her he would pass the parcel to her.
Set V
1. If it rained we cannot go out.
2. I don’t travel with heavy luggages.
122 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
PART - IV
MARKS: 5
HOMOPHONES
Homophones are pairs of words that sound the same, but have distinctly different meanings
and different spellings.
Examples:
1. ad - advertisement
add - to combine numbers or quantities
2. ail - to feel unwell
ale – beer
3. air - the mixture of gases that forms the earth’s atmosphere
heir - the person legally succeeding to the property of a deceased person
4. allowed - permitted someone to do something
aloud - in an audible voice
5. alms - donations of money or goods to the poor.
arms - weapons collectively
6. altar - raised structure on which sacrifices are offered
alter – change
7. aural - using the ears or hearing
oral - spoken or verbal; using spoken words
8. bail - a sum of money deposited with the court as security for a person
bale - a large bundle of goods
9. bald - having no hair on the scalp
bawled - big noise
10. band - a group of musicians playing together; a strip of some adhesive material
banned - prohibited officially
11. bare - unclothed
bear - to support or hold up; a large heavily-built mammal with a long shaggy coat
12. baron - a member of the lowest rank of nobility in the British Isles
barren - incapable of producing crops
13. beach - an area of sand or pebbles sloping down to the sea or a lake
beech - a European tree with smooth greyish bark
14. berth - a place to sleep in a ship or train
birth - the process of bearing young; childbirth
15. blew - inflated with air or the breath (past tense of ‘blow’)
blue - one of the colours
16. boar - a wild pig
bore - to produce a hole with a drill, etc; past tense of ‘bear’
17. board - a long, wide flat piece of sawn timber
bored - to tire or make weary by being dull
18. bold - courageous, confident, and fearless
bowled - sent a ball from one’s hand towards the batsman in cricket
124 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
air
due - expected to happen, be done; immediately payable
40. die - to cease to exist; a shaped block used to cut or form metal
dye - to colour; a colouring substance
41. dual - having two parts, functions, or aspects;
duel - a formal fight between two people using guns, swords, or other weapons
42. earn - to gain or be paid money in return for work
urn - a vase used as a container for the ashes of the dead
43. faint - lacking clarity, brightness, or volume
feint - a misleading movement designed to distract an opponent, such as in boxing or fencing
44. fair - reasonable and just; entertainment with sideshows, rides, and amusements
fare - the amount charged or paid for a journey in a bus, train, or plane
45. farther - to or at a greater distance in space or time
father - male parent
46. feat - a remarkable, skillful, or daring action
feet – the part of the leg that is in contact with the ground during standing and walking
47. find - to discover by chance
fined - paid as a penalty
48. flour - a powder prepared by grinding grain
flower - the part of a plant that is, usually, brightly coloured
49. foul - a violation of the rules; stinking and dirty
fowl - a domesticated bird such as a hen
50. gait - manner of walking
gate - a movable barrier, usually hinged, for closing an opening in a wall or fence
51. gilt - covered with a thin layer of gold
guilt - remorse caused by feeling that one has done something wrong
52. groan - a long deep cry of pain, grief, or disapproval
grown - increase in size and develop physically (past participle of ‘grow’)
53. guessed - formed an estimate or conclusion without proper knowledge
guest - a person who receives hospitality at someone else’s home
54. hair - any of the threadlike outgrowths on the skin of mammals
hare - a large rabbit, with longer ears and legs
55. hall - a building or room for public meetings, dances
haul - to drag or pull something with effort
56. hangar - a large building for storing aircraft.
hanger - a curved piece of wood or plastic fitted with a hook and used to hang up clothes
57. hart - the male of the deer, esp. the red deer
heart - a muscular organ whose contractions pump the blood throughout the body
58. heal - to cure by natural processes, such as by scar formation
heel - the back part of the foot
59. higher - being a relatively great distance from top to bottom
hire - to acquire the temporary use of a thing or the services in exchange forpayment
126 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
3. The criminal was seen at the scene of the crime. (scene, seen)
4. Juju was not allowed to read the book aloud. (allowed, aloud)
5. The workers spent the whole day repairing the hole in the water pipe. (whole, hole)
6. The children gave their mother no peace till she had given them a piece of the cake. (piece, peace)
7. The quiet elderly woman, though uninjured, was quite shaken.(quiet, quite)
8. All except very few workers accept the new proposal. (accept, except)
9. The accident happened very near the desert where they were eating dessert after a meal. (desert,
dessert)
10. The engine which had the stationery items was stationary (stationary, stationery)
11. The driver applied the brakes in vain which affected his vein (vein, vain).
12. He wanted to read a lesson to lessen his stress. (lessen, lesson)
13. Every alternate day she tries to get an alternative for her handbag. (alternate, alternative)
14. He lives beside a river and besides salary he earns by fishing. (beside, besides)
15. The personnel in the army are expected to maintain a high standard of personal discipline. (personal,
personnel)
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 129
PART - IV
MARKS: 5 MODAL VERBS
MODAL VERBS
ØØ Modal derived from mood (stands for the mood of the speaker)
ØØ English language has primary auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries. The modal auxiliaries can be used only
as auxiliaries not as finite verbs. They do not have -s forms, -ing forms, or –ed forms.
ØØ Modal auxiliaries are :
will, shall, can, may, would, should, could, might, must, ought to, need and dare.
ØØ These words do not have past tense but only past forms.
ØØ Of these, ‘used to’, ‘ought to’, ‘need’, ‘dare’, are known as semi - modals or quasi modals or marginal
modals.
Uses of Modal auxiliaries
shall
‘shall’ is used to express ‘pure’ future with first person. (I and We)
• I shall come to your house tomorrow.
• We shall get the form tomorrow.
• We shall find it very difficult.
‘shall’ is used to express promise, intention, and willingness.
• I shall find it immediately. (Promise)
• We shall study well. (Promise)
• I shall buy the books when I go out. (Intention)
• We shall accept your orders. (Willingness)
In present day English there is a growing tendency to use ‘will’ for I person. So very often we
come across sentences like the following.
• I will come to your house.
• We will get the application form tomorrow.
• I will buy the books.
• I will help you.
When ‘shall’ is used with the second and third persons, it does not express a ‘pure’ future. It
expresses a command, a promise, or a threat.
• He shall not meet me hereafter. (Command)
• You shall not get the order. (Command)
• You shall get the result tomorrow. (Promise)
• His work shall be accepted. (Promise)
• You shall be punished for this. (Threat)
• He shall lose his job. (Threat)
Will
‘will’ is generally used with second and third person to form future tense.
• He will meet me at 6 O’ clock.
130 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
may
‘may’ is used to express permission and possibility or probability. In a question form the
speaker can ask permission.
• May I come in?
• May I get your pen?
• May we go home now?
• May I post this letter?
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 131
must
‘must’ is used to express necessity.
• We must go to the station now.
• I must see her now.
‘must’ is used for inference or certainty.
• The manager must come to his room now because the time is 10 o’ clock.
• Rita must spend her time happily.
Should
‘should’ is used as the past equivalent of ‘shall’ in the first person.
• I said that I should come.
• I said that we should complete the work.
• I said that we should meet her today.
But in normal usage ‘would’ replaces ‘should’ in these sentences.
‘should’ is used to express duty or obligation.
• We should obey our parents.
• You should keep your promise.
• I should find her now.
‘should’ expresses something that is very likely to happen.
• We should win the match.
• My dress should be ready by now.
132 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
would
‘would’ is used as the past form of ‘shall’ and ‘will’. It is mainly used in indirect speech.
• She said that she would come to my house that day.
• The clerk said that the principal would come soon.
• The mother told her son that she would see his work the next day.
‘would’ is used in the question form to express polite request.
• Would you please attend the party?
• Would you close the door please?
• Would you tell me where I should go?
‘would’ is used to express happenings or activities in the past, which were frequent or
occurred from time to time.
• He would spend many hours in reading.
• On many days he would come late to school.
• Akbar would discuss the state matters in the court.
‘would is used with verbs such as ‘like’, ‘rather’ and ‘mind’.
• I would like to play the guitar.
• They would rather die than surrender.
• Would you mind opening the door?
For regular actions in the past, simple past tense is used.
• She went to school regularly.
• They studied their lessons well.
• He prepared food at home.
could
‘could’ is used as the equivalent of ‘can’ in the past tense. It is mainly used in indirect speech.
• She asked him whether he could meet her at her place.
• I said that I could attend the meeting.
• He said that he could finish the work within a week.
When we have a word or a phrase to refer to the past in a sentence, ‘could’ is used for
possibility, polite request.
• I could run well when I was young.
• My father could read without glasses till his last days
• She could compete with everyone in her school days.
• ‘Could’ is used in polite request.
• Could I meet the manager?
• Could you please answer my question?
• Could you pass the salt?
might
‘might’ is used as the past form of ‘may’ to express possibility or permission.
It is mainly used in indirect speech.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 133
• He said that he might go to see her.
• She said that she might send the letter.
• He said that they might come to the party.
‘might’ is used in the present or future tense to express the idea of something being
probable.
If ‘might’ is used, the probability expressed is less than that is expressed by ‘may’.
• It might rain.
• The train might be late.
• She might attend the party.
• He might be right.
‘might’ is used to express a polite request that is more polite than that if ‘may’ is used.
• Might I have your pen?
• Might I use your book?
• Might I have a word with you?
(This usage is not common in the Modern English)
Answers
1. can 2. can/may/shall 3. will/could/can 4. could 5. should 6 must
7. will/can 8. will 9. would 10. will 11. will 12. may/might
13. must 14. can 15. must
PART - IV
MARKS: 5
SEMI-MODALS/ QUASI-MODALS
Answers
1. used to 2. dare 3. ought to 4. need 5. need 6. dare 7. need 8. used to 9. ought to 10. dare
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 139
PART - IV
MARKS: 5
LINK WORDS
Link Words
ØØ Link word is a common expression for conjunctions, connectors, the expressions to link ideas. So the
number of words is more than our expectation
Contrast
ØØ In spite of / Despite link two contrasting ideas, followed by a noun phrase.
ØØ However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast, introduce a new idea
which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas, introduced by a comma.
ØØ new idea which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. – but
ØØ On the one hand... On the other hand, links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.
ØØ Because / As / Since / Seeing that introduce a sentence. Sub-ordinate clause introduced by ‘because’
always appears in final position.
ØØ Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to - introduce a noun phrase.
Purpose
Consequence
ØØ Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore
Addition
ØØ Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What’s more – Used after a strong pause and sepa-
rated from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma.
ØØ As well as / In addition to / Besides are used to add one more piece of information, followed by a
noun phrase.
Exemplification
ØØ For example / For instance – introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas.
Connectors
Contrast
ØØ but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.
‘The book is short but / yet interesting’
ØØ in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’
ØØ although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence. They can
be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need
to use a comma after the clause.
‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they
all passed their exams’.
ØØ however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary:
‘He was quite ill however / nevertheless / even so, he went to school’.
ØØ while, whereas
‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’.
Reason and cause
ØØ because, as since, seeing that:
‘Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home’.
ØØ because of, on account of, owing to, due to:
‘Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the bad weather, we stayed at home’.
ØØ in order to, so as to, to:
‘She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programmes’.
Add information
ØØ for example, for instant, such as:
‘Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C’
ØØ more over, furthermore, besides, in addition to:
‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap’.
ØØ apart from, except for:
‘Apart from English, she speaks French’.
Succession
ØØ First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First ….
ØØ Second / Secondly / Then …
ØØ Third / Thirdly / After that...
ØØ The next stage …
ØØ Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…
Result
ØØ As a result of:
‘As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.
ØØ Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason:
‘Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test’.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 141
Answers
1. and 3. or 5. but also 7. nor 9. when
2. when 4. or 6. If 8. than 10. or
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 143
PART - IV
MARKS: 5
SEMANTIC FIELDS
ØØ In linguistics, a semantic field is a set of words grouped semantically (by meaning) that refers to a
specific subject.A meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to other words in the same
conceptual area.The kinds of semantic fields vary from culture to culture.
I 1. Spicy food can cause acidity in the stomach. (Nutrition & Dietetics)
2. Sania Mirza advanced to the third round of the US Open. (Sports)
3. India will test fire another missile next week. (Defence)
4. Wordsworth’s poems are very famous. (Literature)
5. The flight was cancelled due to fog. (Weather)
(Weather, Defence, Sports, Nutrition & Dietetics, Literature)
II 1. The ozone layer protects us from the UV rays. (Environment)
2. Anju George has won several medals in the long jump event. (Sports)
3. COBOL and FORTRAN languages are used. (Computer)
4. The Democratic Party made a clean sweep in the recent elections. (Politics)
5. Jet Airways has reduced the airfare very much. (Travel)
(Computer, Travel, Environment, Sports, Politics)
III 1. My uncle is going to undergo a surgery. (Medicine)
2. An island is a land part surrounded by water on all sides. (Geography)
3. Bread and butter makes a tasty breakfast. (Food)
4. The new film became a box office hit. (Entertainment)
5. The State Government is trying to achieve Education for all. (Education)
(Entertainment, Medicine, Geography, Education, Food)
IV 1. You have to obtain passport to go abroad. (Travel)
2. The rain will continue for the next two days. (Weather)
3. Virat Kholi breaks records in Test Cricket. (Sports)
4. A new machine has been invented to detect fake notes. (Science)
5. Fruits are rich in vitamins. (Nutrition)
(Science, Sports, Nutrition, Travel, Weather
(Religion, Media, Education, Sports, Cooking)
II 1. K.L. Rahul is brought back to one day cricket after two years.
2. Rainfall occurred at a few places over coastal Karnata.
3. Tamilnadu farmers are reluctant to invest in drip irrigation.
4. Oscar award winner A.R. Rehman was appreciated by the Chief Minister.
5. Syllabi for equitable standard school education will be finalised next month.
(Weather, Agriculture, Education, Music, Sports)
III 1. The ISRO launched seven rockets last year.
2. The new MLA s will be sworn in next week.
3. Carrot is rich in vitamin A.
4. ‘Super King’ Dhoni to train for IPL.
5. We stayed in a motel in Darjeeling.
(Sports, Politics, Travel, Space, Nutrition)
IV 1. It was a thrilling win for Roger Federer.
2. Palestenians have decided to go to polls.
3. A new software is adopted to make operations easier.
4. This oil massage will refresh you a lot.
5. Britney Spears will release a new album next month.
(Music, Computer, Politics, Sports, Health)
V 1. Mr. S.K. Prasad passed away last night.
2. We are trying to manage viral diseases in black pepper.
3. Another bid is made to attract foreign investments.
4. Ravi Sastri calls for better pitches.
5. Young girls impressed with their artistry in Margam style.
(Sports, Business, Agriculture, Art, Obituary)
VI 1. It is going to be the closest election ever fought in Tamil Nadu.
2. A magazine has been published to help work-life balance.
3. Fossil proof of human evolution has been found.
4. Arsenal and Liverpool split points.
5. The High Court adjourns the case to next week.
(Archeology, Law, Sports, Politics, Literature)
VII 1. Free books will be supplied to all students
2. Pascal adding machine is the first mechanical machine.
3. The students displayed their inventions at the exhibition.
4. King Asoka ruled for thirty seven years.
5. R.D. Sugar Mills plans Rs. 300 crore expansion.
(History, Business, Education, Computer, Science)
VIII 1. Akira’s album has bagged four Emmy Awards.
2. He is running a mercy home in Salem.
3. Take these pills only in the morning.
4. A vast stretch of sand is called desert.
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 145
146 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
PART - IV
MARKS: 5 COMPREHENSION
EXERCISE WITH ANSWER
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Incredible Machine is a favourite attraction at an amusement park, and I am no different.
However, unlike most people who seem to prefer rollercoasters, my favorite ride is a little gentler. Every
time I go to Coney Island, Navy Pier, or the Santa Monica Pier, I absolutely have to ride the Ferris
wheel. The Ferris wheel is simple and yet also quite complex. That is, riding it is easy, but how it works
is complicated. A series of carts are attached to a wheel, which is attached to a rim. That rim rotates
vertically around an axis, and gravity keeps the carts upright.. The fact of being high in the air makes it
so much more entertaining than a lot of rides. I mean, how often do you hang from that high up in daily
life? Nevertheless, I have to admit, I don’t seek Ferris wheels out because of their excitement. Rather, I
find them very relaxing. At the top of the Ferris wheel, you get beautiful sights of the park. You also get a
sense of calm that you don’t get in the hustle and bustle of the park below. Additionally, Ferris wheels are
also gorgeous to look at when they are lit up at night. In fact, the original Ferris wheel was designed as
much to be seen as to be ridden. It happened at the World’s Fair. The first Ferris wheel was made by and
named after George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. He designed it for the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. It was
the tallest attraction there, standing 264 feet high. However, visitors to the fair were impressed by the size
of the ride as well as the mechanics of it. In 1893, anything that was not turned by hand was considered
a sight to see. And the wheel, which was a machine, was truly incredible to see.
Questions:
1. What are Coney Island, Navy Pier and Santa Monica Pier?
They are all amusement parks.
2. Which game does the author like?
The author likes Ferris wheel.
3. Why is Ferris wheel more entertaining than other riders?
The fact of being high in the air makes it more entertaining than other riders.
4. Why does he seek Ferris wheel?
He seeks Ferris wheel because he finds it very relaxing.
5. Who made the first Ferris wheel and when was it made?
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. made the first Ferris wheel in 1893.
for him. Similarly, a charity organization that helps animals might show an audience pictures of injured
dogs and cats. These images are intended to fill the viewers with pity. If the audience feels bad for the
animals, they will be more likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts, information, statistics, or other
evidence to make your argument more convincing. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you
have data to back up your claims. For example, a commercial for soap might tell you that laboratory tests
have shown that their soap kills all 7,000,000 of the bacteria living on your hands right now. This piece of
information might make you more likely to buy their brand of soap. Presenting this evidence is much more
convincing than simply saying “our soap is the best!” Use of logos can also increase a speaker’s ethos; the
more facts a speaker includes in his argument, the more likely you are to think that he is educated and
trustworthy.
Questions:
1. When will the audience think the speaker is sincere?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Define persuasion.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between ethos and pathos?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is logos?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. How does use of logos increase speaker’s ethos?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Born on Jan 12, 1863 in an affluent Bengali family, Narendra NathaDatta was a precocious child
who was what we call nowadays, an all-rounder, excelling in music, studies and athletics. His father
VishwanathaDatta was a well-known attorney. However, he took the spiritual route instead and introduced
Hinduism to the world in 1893 when he spoke at the World’s Parliament of Religion (probably one of the
most epic things any Indian has done abroad!).
The historic speech was given on September 11, 1893 by Swami Vivekananda. Here’s the full
text of his opening and closing address:
Sisters and Brothers of America,
It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the warm and cordial welcome which
you have given us. I thank you in the name of the most ancient order of monks in the world; I thank you in
the name of the mother of religions, and I thank you in the name of millions and millions of Hindu people
of all classes and sects.
My thanks, also, to some of the speakers on this platform who, referring to the delegates from the
Orient, have told you that these men from far-off nations may well claim the honour of bearing to different
lands the idea of toleration. I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance
and universal acceptance.
We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true. I am proud to
belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of all religions and all nations
148 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
of the earth. I am proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of the
Israelites, who came to Southern India and took refuge with us in the very year in which their holy
temple was shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny. I am proud to belong to the religion which has
sheltered and is still fostering the remnant of the grand Zoroastrian nation. I will quote to you, brethren,
a few lines from a hymn which I remember to have repeated from my earliest boyhood, which is every
day repeated by millions of human beings: “As the different streams having their sources in different
paths which men take through different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all
lead to Thee.”
The present convention, which is one of the most august assemblies ever held, is in itself a
vindication, a declaration to the world of the wonderful doctrine preached in the Gita: “Whosoever comes
to me, through whatsoever form, I reach him; all men are struggling through paths which in the end lead
to me.” Sectarianism, bigotry, and its horrible descendant, fanaticism, have long possessed this beautiful
earth.
Questions:
1. What was ViswanathDatta’s profession?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. In the phrase ‘all leads to Thee’ to whom does the word ‘thee’ refer to?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. “I am proud to belong to a nation”.Which nation is mentioned here?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which religion does teach the world tolerance and acceptance?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Who came to Southern India and took refuge?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Although not the longest river in America, the Rio Grande is one of the most important. But, unlike
other significant rivers, it is not used for shipping. In fact, oceangoing ships cannot navigate the waters.
No, what makes the Rio Grande so important is its location. Since 1846, it has been the official border of
Texas and Mexico.
The Rio Grande is either the fourth or fifth longest river system in North America. It all depends on
how it is measured. Because the river twists so much, it occasionally changes course. And these course
shifts can cause it to be longer or shorter. At its last official measure, the Rio Grande clocked in at 1,896
miles. The river starts in Colorado and extends downward to the Gulf of Mexico. Downward is the best way
of describing it too.
Not only does the river extend south, but it also starts in the mountains and gets lower and lower
in elevation as it extends to the Gulf. Its name is Spanish for the “Big River,” but the Rio Grande is actually
known as Rio Bravo in Mexico. “Bravo” translates as “furious,” so the name makes sense. Because of its
twists and turns, it certainly does seem to be angrier than most rivers!
The Rio Grande today is mostly used as a source of drinking water. Sadly, much of the water has
been drained from the river. Parts of the river are almost dry! This is because people use more water from
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 149
the river than the river can get back from rain and other sources. Experts are working to correct this,
though, with hopes of restoring the river to its past strength. Today, the river is important as a source
of water for Texans and Mexicans. More important, it is a symbol of cooperation between two nations.
Though borders like the Rio Grande separate nations, they are also shared spaces. The Rio Grande is
therefore a symbol of friendship and peace between twopeoples.
Questions:
1. According to the passage why is Rio Grande important?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. In what way is Rio Grande different from other rivers?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Where does Rio Grande extend to?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the name of this river in Mexico?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why are some parts of river almost dry?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Fruit Fly Fix
It is breakfast time. You have been looking forward to eating a nice ripe banana ever since youwoke
up. Just when you reach for the delicious piece of fruit on your counter, you see something that makes
you much less hungry: a swarm of fruit flies! Fruit flies are tiny insects that are attracted to ripe or rotting
fruits and vegetables.
The flies not only eat the fruit, they also lay their eggs there. A single fruit fly can lay up to 500
eggs on the surface of a piece of fruit. Within eight days, the fruit flies that hatch from these eggs are full
adults that can then lay their own eggs. As you can see, what might start out as a small fruit fly problem
can become very large very quickly. Although there is a chance fruit flies can carry germs on to your food,
this is not very likely. Fruit flies are annoying, but they probably will not hurt you. Because they are such
a nuisance, however, most people want to get rid of these pesky bugs as quickly as possible.
Some people use pesticide sprays on the fruit flies. Although this will kill the flies, it will also spread
harmful poison all over your kitchen. Luckily, there is also a completely safe way for you to get rid of fruit
flies in your house. The first step is for you to remove all fruits or vegetables from your counter. Store these
items in the refrigerator or in sealed containers. Clean up any spilled juice or bits of food that might be
on the floor. Take out the trash and empty the recycling bin. Wash any dirty dishes that are in your sink.
Doing all of these things will stop new fruit flies from finding food or places to lay their eggs.
Next, make a trap to catch all of the remaining fruit flies in your house. First, fill a small bowl with a
few tablespoons of vinegar. Then, put a piece of very ripe or rotting fruit into the vinegar. Cover the bowl
very tightly with a sheet of plastic wrap and poke a few very small holes in the wrap with a fork. If all goes
according to plan, the flies will enter the trap through the holes but will be unable to fly back out. This trap
150 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
will catch all of the remaining fruit flies. You can either kill these flies or release them outdoors. Fruit flies
can be a pest, but they do not have to make you crazy. With a little effort, you can get existing flies out of
your house and prevent new ones from taking over your kitchen.
Questions:
1. What are fruit flies?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. How do the fruit flies multiply easily?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. According to the passage why should we not use pesticide spray to kill fruit flies?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What is the completely safe way of getting rid of fruit flies?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What could we use to catch the fruit flies?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
A material is what something is made of. There are 5 basic materials. Most things are made
withthese materials. Some things are made of metal. Some things are made of glass. Some things are
made of wood. Some things are made of cloth. And some things are made of plastic. There are some other
materials. But they are not used as much as these 5 materials.
Let’s talk about metal first. Metal is very heavy. And it is very hard and strong. It usually feelscool
if you touch it. We use metal to make lots of things. We use it for forks and knives. We use it for keys.
We use it for cars. We use it for these things because it is very strong. Next, let’s talk about glass. Glass
is very smooth. It feels cool to touch. It is not as heavy as metal. It is hard. But it is not strong. It breaks
very easily! Then why do we use it? We use it because it is clear! You can see through glass! That’s why
we use it for windows. That’s also why we use it for glasses.
Now, let’s talk about wood. Wood is lighter than metal and glass. It is not as strong as metal. But it
is much stronger than glass. We use wood to make lots of things. Things made from wood are usually light
and hard and strong. Chairs and tables are made from wood. Pencils are made from wood. Now let’s talk
about cloth. Cloth is very light. It is much lighter than wood. And it is very soft. We use cloth to makelots
of things. For example, it is used to make clothing. And it is used to make blankets.
Last, let’s talk about plastic. Plastic is also very light. But it is different from cloth. Sometimes it is
soft. And sometimes it is hard. Plastic can be used to make thin plastic bags. These are light, soft, and
strong. But plastic can also be used to make bicycle helmets. These are light, hard, and strong. A helmet
and a bag seem different. But they are both made from plastic.
Questions:
1. What is a material?
______________________________________________________________________
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 151
______________________________________________________________________
2. What are the materials mentioned in the passage?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. How do we use metal?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Why do we use glass though it is not strong?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What do we make out of wood?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
152 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
PART II
SECTION – 1
Answer any four of the following:
Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer any four of the following. 4×2=8
24. ‘And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s”
a) Whose footprints do the police need and why?
b) Pick out the words in alliteration
SECTION – 2
Answer any three questions. 3×2=6
27. Anu requested her brother to drop her at the airport that night (Change into indirect speech)
28. Sneha has a box full of toys. She wants to donate them to an orphanage (Combine using a relative pronoun)
29. The old lady sat in a corner and started praying to God (Change into a simple sentence)
30. The farmers usually harvest the mango fruits only in the month of May. (Change the voice)
PART III
SECTION – 1
Explain any two of the following with reference to the context. 2×3=6
31. I have also learned to say “Goodbye”
When I mean “Good-riddance”
32. “We deem it our duty and mission in life,
To bless and praise the deserving ones.”
33. “He’s broken every human law, he breaks the law of gravity.”
SECTION - 2
Answer any two of the following. 2×3=6
34. How did Onler help Mary Kom in sending her to U.S.A?
35. How does E.V.Lucas describe the man who approached him with an offer?
36. What was the role of scholars and poets in olden days?
DRILL BOOK PART - IV XI ENGLISH 155
SECTION - 3
Answer any three of the following. 3×3=9
37. Study the following bar graph which gives the details of the Annual Income and Expenditure of three of three
families in Chennai. Write three sentences on your inference about the data.
38. Describe the process of cleaning the tarnished brass items at home.
39. Prepare a notice announcing suspension of water supply in a residential apartment complex on account of
maintenance work. Give suitable details and instructions to the residents.
40. Complete each of the following proverbs with the right option.
a) Every cloud has a .....lining. (golden/blackish/silver)
b) Time and .....wait for no man.(tide/chance/place)
c) Don’t cast pearls before the .....(witch/swine/baron)
PART IV
Answer the following questions. 7×5=35
41. Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 words.
a) How does Robert Lynd analyse the various reasons for forgetfulness in humans?.”
OR
b) Give an account of Bill Bryson’s awkward Behaviour during his trip to England.
42. Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 words.
a) How does Ogden Nash try to explain that he is very happy being a mere spectator?
OR
b) How does King Richard explain the power of Death to his followers through his monologue?
43. Write a paragraph of about 150 words by developing the following hints.
a) Two friends-made a pact-meet after twenty years - Bob arrived - spoke to policeman on beat-tall man
came-claimed to be Jimmy Wells-Bob realized-not his friend-policeman in plainclothes - arrested Bob, a
noted criminal-policeman on beat-real Jimmy Wells-hesitated to arrest friend-sent another with a note.
OR
b) Miss Meadows-music teacher-received letter-fiance’ - upset with message-affected her mood-reflected in
class-called by Headmistress - gave a telegram-sender Basil-request to forget-message in letter-indicated
reunion-Meadows turned happy-selected cheerful song-teach children.
156 XI ENGLISH DRILL BOOK PART - IV
47. a) Read the following passage and answer the questions in your own words.
The night sky makes a very interesting study. To an astronomer or a sailor, the position of the stars
is a serious, professional study. Many of the stars are known by their names. Each has a distinctive
appearance. The sky on a moonlit night is the poet’s delight. The sky on a dark night may appear
somewhat sinister to some, but to Shelley, the poet, it is the star-spangled black dress of a woman. When
the sky is covered with clouds without any stars, it wears a grim appearance. To a child, the sky at night,
is a mystery and to the mature, it is an endless object of study.
Questions:
i) How can we identify the stars?
ii) Who is an astronomer?
iii) Explain the comparison made by Shelley.
iv) When does the sky appear grim?
v) How does a child differ from a matured adult, when it beholds the sky at night?
OR
b) Construct a dialogue between two friends discussing their life in hostel, in not less than five exchanges.
*****