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    India has a variety of physical features formed by plate tectonics including mountains, plains, deserts and islands. The Himalayas in the north are young fold mountains and the longest in the world. The Northern Plains are an Indo-Gangetic plain that experiences seasonal flooding. South of the Narmada River is the Peninsular Plateau that includes the Deccan Plateau and Central Highlands divided by the Narmada. The Thar Desert lies in the west along the Aravalli Hills. Coastal plains border the peninsula on the eastern and western sides. Islands include the Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea and the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay

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    India has a variety of physical features formed by plate tectonics including mountains, plains, deserts and islands. The Himalayas in the north are young fold mountains and the longest in the world. The Northern Plains are an Indo-Gangetic plain that experiences seasonal flooding. South of the Narmada River is the Peninsular Plateau that includes the Deccan Plateau and Central Highlands divided by the Narmada. The Thar Desert lies in the west along the Aravalli Hills. Coastal plains border the peninsula on the eastern and western sides. Islands include the Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea and the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay

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    183 views2 pages

    Physical Features of India

    Uploaded by

    Khan Arshi
    India has a variety of physical features formed by plate tectonics including mountains, plains, deserts and islands. The Himalayas in the north are young fold mountains and the longest in the world. The Northern Plains are an Indo-Gangetic plain that experiences seasonal flooding. South of the Narmada River is the Peninsular Plateau that includes the Deccan Plateau and Central Highlands divided by the Narmada. The Thar Desert lies in the west along the Aravalli Hills. Coastal plains border the peninsula on the eastern and western sides. Islands include the Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea and the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay

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    of 2

    PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA

    CLASS 9 - CHAPTER 2

    BY- TAUHEEDUL QAMAR

    India has all major physical features of the Earth, i.e., mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and
    islands.

    India has varied physical features whose formation can be explained on the basis of the ‘Theory
    of Plate Tectonics’. According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, the seven major and minor
    plates that form the Earth’s crust keep moving, causing stress and thus leading to folding,
    faulting and volcanic activity.

    The physical features of India can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions:

    • The Himalayan Mountains or the Northern Mountains


    • The Northern Plains or the Indo-Gangetic Plains
    • The Peninsular Plateau
    • The Great Indian Desert
    • The Coastal Plains
    • The Islands

    The Himalayan Mountains

    The Himalayas are young-fold mountains which are the loftiest and one of the most rugged
    mountain barriers of the world.
    The Himalayas are 2400 km long, 400 km to 150 km wide from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh
    respectively.
    The Himalayas have three parallel ranges in the longitudinal extent namely:

    • Great or Inner Himalayas also called Himadri.


    • Middle Himalayas or Himachal.
    • Outer Himalayas or Shiwaliks.
    The Himalayas can be divided into four sections from west to east

    • Punjab Himalayas – between river Indus and Satluj.


    • Kumaon Himalayas – between river Satluj and Kali.
    • Nepal Himalayas – between river Kali and the Tista.
    • Assam Himalayas (Eastern Himalayas) – Between river Tista and the Dibang
    (Tsangpo).

    The Northern Plains


    The Northern Plains spread over an area of 7 lakh sq. km, 240 km long and 240 km to 320 km
    broad.
    The rivers that flow to the plains from the mountains are involved in depositional work.
    Northern Plains can be divided into four regions.

    • Bhabar – Near the foothills of Shiwaliks, a narrow 8 to 16 km wide belt of pebbles.


    • Bangar – Older alluvial plain which rises above the level of the flood plains.
    • Khadar – Newer and younger alluvial of the flood plains deposited by the river.
    • Tarai – Lies adjacent to Bhabar region, composed of newer alluvium and is thickly
    forested.

    The Peninsular Plateau


    The Peninsular Plateau is the tableland made of the Gondwanaland.
    The plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan
    Plateau. Divided by river Narmada.
    The Deccan Plateau, a triangular mass, lies to the south of the river Narmada.
    Central Highland is to the north of the Narmada river.
    The western and eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau are marked by the Western Ghats and the
    Eastern Ghats respectively.
    The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats.
    The Malwa Plateau is spread across Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

    The Indian Desert


    The sandy plain covered with sand dunes towards the western margins of the Aravalli Hills is
    the Indian Desert.
    Luni is the only large river that flouts in this region.
    Annual rainfall in this region is less than 15 cm. very few vegetation is found here.

    The Coastal Plains


    The narrow coastal strips on both sides of the Peninsular Plateau.
    On the west, the coastal strips are divided into Konkan (Mumbai-Goa), Kannada Plain and the
    Malabar Coast from northern to the southern part.
    On the east the coastal strip is divided into Northern Circar and the Coromandel Coast from
    northern to southern part.

    The Islands
    The Lakshadweep Islands group in the Arabian Sea is close to Kerala.
    The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are the two island groups in Bay of Bengal. Andaman Island
    consists of 204 small islands.
    India’s only active volcano, Barren Island is situated here.

    All the landforms are important for India and they play their part in India’s economy and
    culture.

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