RESEARCH PAPER H.R.

M Volume : 6 | Issue : 4 | Special Issue April-2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X

Impact Factor : 3.919 Index Copernicus Ic Value: 74.50 India's Labour Legislation and its Employment Relation for the Next Decade

WOMEN WORKING IN UNORGANIZED SECTOR-A

CONCEPTUAL STUDY

KEYWORDS Unorganised sector, social security measures, Employment

S.Monisha PL.Rani
Cauvery College for Women, Tiruchirappalli. Asst.Professor ,Cauvery College for Women,
Tiruchirappalli.

ABSTRACT Unorganised or Informal sector constitutes a pivotal part of the Indian economy .Around 52% of Unorganised
Workers are engaged in agriculture & allied sector and they constitute more than 90% of the labour work force
unorganised workers also contributes 50% to GDP (according to National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector)
,of these at least 120 million are women . The employment of women is high in the unorganized Sector such as part time helper in
household, construction setting, tanneries, match and beedi industries etc. Women working in unorganized sector are not
included in the of cial statistics and their work is not documented and considered as wage work, unskilled work etc., Low
productivity compared to formal sector, Lower wages to workers, Poor working conditions, Excessive seasonality of employment,
Absence of social security measures etc are some of characteristics of unorganised Sector. Women has dual responsibility in
balancing their home and work. Women in unorganised sector face numerous problems.The objective of this paper is to identify
the living condition, Working condition, Economic position of working women in unorganized sector. This paper attempts to nd
out the problems faced by women in unorganised sector. This paper also examines awareness on social security measures and
schemes available for women in unorganised sector.

INTRODUCTION: ting their livelihood from this sector and entrepreneur plays a
The term 'unorganised' is often used in the Indian context to vital role in bringing up unorganized sector at the better posi-
refer to the vast numbers of women and men engaged in differ- tion in the country.
ent forms of employment. These forms include home-based
work (e.g.rolling papads and beedis), self-employment (e.g., Jyoti Bharat (2008) focused on social economic conditions of
selling vegetables), employment in household enterprises, female domestic workers. It described the pitiable living condi-
small units, on land as agricultural workers, labour on construc- tions of them. She applied two stage random sampling. She
tion sites, domestic work, and many other forms of casual or taken slum ass rst And index women as a second stage study.
temporary employment. The unorganized sector is physically
more visible in India. It is found in almost all the industrial seg- CATEGORIES OF UNORGANISED LABOUR:
ments of the Indian economy, that is, in agriculture, industry, The Ministry of Labour, Government of India, has categorised
household and the services sectors.In India, the formal sector the unorganised labour force under four groups depending on
which received signi cantly large resources has failed to pro- occupation, nature of employment, specially distressed cate-
vide employment to the growing labour force, resulting in the gories and service categories.
problem of labour force explosion. It is estimated that the unor-
ganised sector workers constitute 88% as per the 66th round 1 Under Terms of Occupation:
NSSO survey of 2011-12 Small and marginal farmers, landless agricultural labourers,
share croppers, shermen, those engaged in animal husbandry,
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: beedi rolling, labelling and packing, building and construction
i) To know the living condition ,Working condition and eco- workers, leather workers, weavers, artisans, salt workers, work-
nomic condition of the women in unorganised workers ers in brick kilns and stone quarries, workers in saw mills, oil
mills, etc. come under this category.
ii) To identify the problem faced by the women in unorganised
workers 2. Under Terms of Nature of Employment:
Attached agricultural labourers, bonded labourers, migrant
iii) To examine the social security measures for the unorganised workers, contract and casual labourers come under this cate-
workers. gory.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE: 3. Under Terms of Specially Distressed Category:

Fathima Adeela Beevi TKS(2014)It is clear from the study that Toddy tappers, scavengers, carriers of head loads, drivers of ani-
the 75% of the workers were highly dissatis ed on the seasonal mal driven vehicles, loaders and unloaders come under this cat-
workload. Some of the employers ensure the ful llment of basic egory.
needs of their employees like staying facility, sanitation etc. for
their wellbeing and security, more employees also show posi- 4 Under Terms of Service Category:
tive responses towards it i.e. 41%. Midwives, domestic workers, shermen and women, barbers,
vegetable and fruit vendors, newspaper vendors, etc., belong
Anthony P. D'souza (2013) focused the status and contribution to this category.
of unorganized sector focused more on the challenges and
problems faced by the youth in selecting job as self-
employment. It is found that larger number of workers was get-
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNORGANISED WORKERS: tion and issuance of U-WIN cards, the government also intends
Ÿ The unorganized labour is overwhelming in terms of its num- to create a Central-level database of all unorganised sector
ber range and therefore they are omnipresent throughout workers in the country. The new cards will ensure that all unor-
India. ganised workers get social security scheme bene ts covered
Ÿ As the unorganized sector suffers from cycles of excessive under the Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008.
seasonality of employment, majority of the unorganized Details Bene ciaries of Social Security Schemes Listed Under
workers does not have stable durable avenues of employ- Schedule-I of the Unorganised Workers Social Security Act,
ment. 2008 are given below:

Ÿ The workplace is scattered and fragmented. Ÿ Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme
(IGNOAPS)
Ÿ There is no formal employer – employee relationship
Ÿ National Family Bene t Scheme
Ÿ In rural areas, the unorganized labour force is highly strati- Ÿ Janani Suraksha Yojana
ed on caste and community considerations. In urban areas
while such considerations are much less, it cannot be said Ÿ Handloom Weavers' Comprehensive Welfare Scheme
that it is altogether absent as the bulk of the unorganized
workers in urban areas are basically migrant workers from Ÿ Handicraft Artisans' Comprehensive Welfare Scheme
rural areas.
Ÿ Pension to Master Craft Person
UNORGANIZED WOMEN WORKERS IN INDIA:
The World Bank believes that “gender equality is smart eco- In Tamilnadu, the tamilnadu manual Workers (Regulation of
nomics,” and there is no doubt that women are central to Employment and conditions of Work)Act 1982,the act covers
broad-based economic and social development. According to the employment listed and directs establishment Boards for the
census 2011, women constitute 48.46 percent of the total popu- implementation of welfare schemes for the workers. The
lation in India and about 25.67 percent of female population is Tamilnadu Manual Workers(Construction Workers) Act 1994,
designated as workers. Two National Labour Commissions, aims for the welfare of construction workersUnder the schemes
along with several other international and national commis- there are various assistance like accident, death and funeral, dis-
sions, committees and conferences in the last 50 years have doc- ablement, marriage, maternity, children's education etc will be
umented the socio-economic conditions of workers in the unor- given by this act.
ganized sector in India.
SUGESSTIONS FOR UPLIFTMENT OF WOMEN IN
PROBLEMS FACED BY THE WOMEN WORKERS IN UNORGANIZED SECTOR
UNORGANIZED SECTOR Ÿ Providing basic education to women so that they become
Ÿ There is no sustainability of employment of women workers aware about the schemes and facilities about the schemes
in unorganized sector for them.

Ÿ They are not getting proper training in unorganized sector. Ÿ A trade Union should be formed among women workers.

Ÿ Women belonging to lower caste and communities face Ÿ Adequate training should be provided to women workers
more disparity in social terms.
Ÿ There should be proper guidelines for recruitment process
Ÿ They don't get right to raise their voice and interrupt in working hours and for health hazards.
nancial decision in their own family.
Ÿ A supervisory body should be established to monitor the
Ÿ Exploitation and Harassment at work place is the main prob- proper implemented of legislation and provision
lem of female workers in unorganized sector. related to women workers

Ÿ In unorganized sector women are exempted from maternity Ÿ There is need of more effective poverty alleviation
bene t and child care facilities. programme.

Ÿ Women workers frequently face discrimination due to gen- CONCLUSION:

der inequality Women household workers have a double burden and there is
greater demand for their skills as caregivers and service workers
Ÿ Women workers do not have bene t of minimum wage act outside but they also work inside doing the same work which is
or factories Act,bene ts like organized sector.. unpaid. (Shirley Pryce, 2010). There are various reasons for piti-
able conditions of women in unorganized sector The Central
Ÿ Insuf cient Labour law in unorganized wokers And absence and state government had launched many schemes for provid-
of Social security ing support to women but there are not suf cient to overcome
the problems of women workers in unorganized sector. There is
Ÿ Unorganised Workers are vulnerable to diseases need of effective implementation of these schemes and laws for
empowering the women workers.
PROGRAMMES IMPLEMENTED FOR UNORGANISED
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WEBSITES:
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www.newageweekly.com/

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