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Worksheet Prognosis OK
Worksheet Prognosis OK
ON PROGNOSIS.
Study Design: Cohort study.
Adapted from:
Laupacis A, Wells G, Richardson WS, Tugwell P. Users’ guides to the medical
literature. V. How to use an article on prognosis. JAMA 1994; 272: 234-237.
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If you want to calculate a confidence interval around the measure of prognosis:
III. Can you APPLY this valid, important evidence about prognosis in caring for your patient?
Additional Notes
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JARGON BUSTER.
Prognosis The possible outcomes of a disease and the frequency with which they
can be expected to occur.
Prognostic factors Characteristics of a patient that may be used to more accurately predict
the outcome in that patient. These may be demographic (e.g. age),
disease-specific (e.g. tumour stage) or co-morbid (e.g. other diseases
accompanying the disease in question). Prognostic factors don’t have
to cause the outcome, just be associated strongly enough to predict
their development.
Cohort study Study design in which a group of individuals are followed up prospectively
over time to see if they develop a disease or outcome of interest.
Untuk menghindari hilangnya kesudahan pasien karena permulaan penelitian terlalu lambat,
kita harus meneliti seluruh pasien pada saat gejala klinik pertama kali timbul. Ini disebut
inception cohort.
Exception cohort , bila mempelajari prognosis padatadium akhir suatu penyakit. Dalam hal ini
mengumpulkan suatu sampel yang representatif, didifinisikan dengn baik, yang semuanya
terdiri dari stadium akhir penyakit
Contoh:
Kita mengamati 100 pasien, 4 meninggal & 16 hilang dari pengamatan (case fatality 4 dari 84)
4:84 = 4,8 %, bagaimana yang 16 hilang? Bila semua meninggal maka case fatality 20:100
= 20 %. Bila skenario baik tidak semua yang 16 meninggal case fatality ; 4: (84+16) atau 4:100
= 4 % hilangnya pasien dalam pengamatan sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil penelitian.
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I. Are the results valid ? (V)
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WILL THE RESULTS HELP ME WITH THIS PATIENT?