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    The document discusses prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. It defines prejudice as a usually negative attitude held by a majority group towards a minority group. Stereotypes are overall impressions of a group that assume all members possess similar attributes, which can lead to prejudice and discrimination. Discrimination refers to behaviors directed at people based on their group membership. The document discusses how seeking mental efficiency through categorization and stereotyping can have negative effects like sharpening between-group distinctions and softening within-group distinctions. It provides ways to potentially reduce prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination such as promoting cooperation between groups, increasing contact between groups, teaching critical thinking, fostering empathy, and engaging in positive acts toward outgroup members.

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    The document discusses prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. It defines prejudice as a usually negative attitude held by a majority group towards a minority group. Stereotypes are overall impressions of a group that assume all members possess similar attributes, which can lead to prejudice and discrimination. Discrimination refers to behaviors directed at people based on their group membership. The document discusses how seeking mental efficiency through categorization and stereotyping can have negative effects like sharpening between-group distinctions and softening within-group distinctions. It provides ways to potentially reduce prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination such as promoting cooperation between groups, increasing contact between groups, teaching critical thinking, fostering empathy, and engaging in positive acts toward outgroup members.

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    24 views24 pages

    10 Prejudice PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jimmie Kimani
    The document discusses prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. It defines prejudice as a usually negative attitude held by a majority group towards a minority group. Stereotypes are overall impressions of a group that assume all members possess similar attributes, which can lead to prejudice and discrimination. Discrimination refers to behaviors directed at people based on their group membership. The document discusses how seeking mental efficiency through categorization and stereotyping can have negative effects like sharpening between-group distinctions and softening within-group distinctions. It provides ways to potentially reduce prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination such as promoting cooperation between groups, increasing contact between groups, teaching critical thinking, fostering empathy, and engaging in positive acts toward outgroup members.

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    of 24

    Prejudice, Stereotyping and

    Discrimination
    What is prejudice?

    l  an attitude, usually negative


    l  evident when members of a majority group
    develop negative attitudes towards
    members of a minority group; they feel
    superior to the minority group
    What is prejudice?

    l  Negative prejudices stem from:


    –  social learning
    l  observation of people in real life, on TV, in
    books, etc
    l  reinforcement with social approval

    –  social inequalities causing resentment,


    requiring justification by better off
    Describe this person’s personality.
    You have just stereotyped!
    What’s good about stereotyping?
    It makes things easy; categorising someone
    as a member of a group and inferring they
    share that group’s characteristics saves time
    and energy.
    Stereotyping is a way of seeking mental
    efficiency.
    So when is cognitive simplicity bad?
    Seeking mental efficiency

    What are the effects of


    simplification?
    –  between group distinctions are
    sharpened
    –  within group distinctions softened
    → perceived out-group homogeneity,
    i.e. over-estimating how similar
    members of another group are
    to each other

    Impressions and Expressions (stereotyping of paintings)


    http://www.ablongman.com/html/mindmatters2/activities/m12/hp12ac19.htm
    Seeking mental efficiency

    Stereotypes are overall impressions


    based on the assumption that all
    members of a group possess similar
    attributes; may lead to prejudice,
    affecting one's emotion.
    This can lead to changing
    behaviour, sometimes leading to
    discrimination.
    Generalised feelings
    PREJUDICE towards members of
    a group

    Behaviours directed
    DISCRIMINATION towards people on the
    basis of their group
    membership

    Generalised belief
    STEREOTYPE about members of a
    group
    Prejudice:- the ABC of prejudice
    Stereotypes

    l  List some other stereotypes.


    l  Are these stereotypes positive or negative?
    l  Were the stereotypes mentioned focussing on
    males, females, or neither?
    l  Do you see yourself as belonging to any of
    the groups mentioned? Which ones?
    Stereotypes

    A useful link that that examines the media’s


    portrayal of young people:
    http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/
    special_initiatives/toolkit/stereotypes/index.cfm

    Summarise the main points in the three


    sections available to you.
    How can conflict breed more?
    l  How can an initial Group
    Group B seen
    seen as
    as threat
    threat
    threat lead to its
    confirmation?
    Group A acts in
    competitive manner
    l  What type of
    situations are
    more likely to
    Group A seen as threat
    contribute to this? by group B
    –  poverty
    –  social
    dominance
    Group B acts hostile
    Reducing PSD

    l  What can we do to reduce the existence or


    expression of prejudice, stereotyping, and
    discrimination?
    l  See prejudice in action on:
    http://www.understandingprejudice.org/
    segregation/board1.htm
    l  Find out how to reduce prejudice on:
    http://www.ablongman.com/html/
    mindmatters2/activities/m12/hp12ac20.htm
    Reducing PSD

    l  Co-operation
    l  Since prejudice can result from
    competition between groups, strategies for
    reducing prejudice should be based on the
    idea of promoting co-operation instead.
    l  Co-operative learning strategies include
    getting members of two distinct groups to
    perceive themselves as having common
    goals.
    Reducing PSD

    l  Contact
    l  If members of different groups are brought
    together to interact under the appropriate
    conditions, prejudice between the groups
    should be reduced.
    Reducing PSD

    l  Contact
    l  In theory, getting to know members of
    another group as individuals and
    discovering similarities between the groups
    should be beneficial in breaking up
    stereotypes.
    l  However, this requires everyone having
    similar status and common goals to work.
    Reducing PSD

    l  Critical Thinking


    l  Teaching people to identify common errors
    in reasoning, such as over-generalisations,
    may allow them to become more aware of
    the impact of groups biases and
    stereotypes.
    Reducing PSD

    l  Empathy
    l  Using simulations and role-playing, people
    can be encouraged to take the perspective
    of members of other groups.
    l  Exposing children to multicultural
    characters in literature and films provides
    an opportunity for them to identify, and
    perhaps empathise with, members of other
    racial or ethnic groups.
    Reducing PSD

    l  Positive acts toward another person breed


    liking for that person.
    l  This works with racial attitudes as well.
    l  Decreased discriminatory behaviours lead
    to improved racial attitudes.
    Overcoming stereotypes
    Racial Attitudes

    Visit
    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/livepsych/
    media/interface/index.htm?
    atitle=Prejudice&id1=28_1&id2=28_2&sid=28_1
    to find out more about prejudice.
    Stereotypes

    l  Visit the following site on stereotypes:


    http://college.hmco.com/psychology/brehm/
    social_psychology/5e/students/netlabs.html
    –  Do Chapter 5 : What do you know about prejudice?
    –  Do Chapter 6 : Who would you most trust to tell the
    truth?
    l  Visit
    http://bcs.worthpublishers.com/myers6e/content/
    psychquest/08index.htm
    and complete “Connections – stereotyping in every day
    life”.

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