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  • William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (Baptised) - 23 April 1616) Was An English Poet

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    Hany Farouk
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    The poet asks if he should compare his beloved to a summer's day, finding the beloved "more lovely and more temperate" despite a summer day being subject to winds, brief duration, and clouds. Unlike a summer, the poet asserts his beloved's beauty will be eternal through being immortalized in the poet's verse.

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    sonnet 18

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    The poet asks if he should compare his beloved to a summer's day, finding the beloved "more lovely and more temperate" despite a summer day being subject to winds, brief duration, and clouds. Unlike a summer, the poet asserts his beloved's beauty will be eternal through being immortalized in the poet's verse.

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    153 views6 pages

    William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (Baptised) - 23 April 1616) Was An English Poet

    Uploaded by

    Hany Farouk
    The poet asks if he should compare his beloved to a summer's day, finding the beloved "more lovely and more temperate" despite a summer day being subject to winds, brief duration, and clouds. Unlike a summer, the poet asserts his beloved's beauty will be eternal through being immortalized in the poet's verse.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 6

    William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet

    and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in


    the English language and the world's pre-eminent
    dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and
    the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including some
    collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two
    long narrative poems, and a few other verses, the
    authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have
    been translated into every major living language and are
    performed more often than those of any other playwright.

    Shakespeare produced most of his known work between


    1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and
    histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of
    the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including
    Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the
    English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as
    romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.

    Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during
    his lifetime. In 1623, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two friends and fellow
    actors of Shakespeare, published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic
    works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's. It was
    prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as
    "not of an age, but for all time."

    Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation
    did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. The Romantics, in
    particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians worshipped
    Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry". In the
    20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new
    movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today
    and are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and
    political contexts throughout the world.

    Sonnet 18 Mr. Saber El-Fakharany 01007898381


    Sonnet 18 Mr. Saber El-Fakharany 01007898381
    Vocabulary
    thee you (o) *thou : you (s) *thy : your
    temperate mild ‫لطيف‬
    rough wild / hard
    darling buds ‫براعم صغيرة‬
    lease ‫ مدة وجود‬/ ‫مدة اإليجار‬
    dimmed become dull ‫يغمق‬
    fair beautiful things
    decline decay ‫يزول‬
    nature changing course normal way of decaying
    untrimmed having become unpleasant
    eternal lasting forever ‫خالد‬
    brag boast ‫يتفاخر‬
    fade die / grow dull
    wander’st walk aimlessly
    thou growest you continue to live

    The poet asks if he should compare his love to a day in summer.


    In his opinion, she is more lovely and nicer.
    He gives his own reasons. A summer’s day is so windy that it
    shakes the small weak young flowers. Summer is short and hot.
    Sometimes the sky is cloudy. Summer is like every beautiful
    creature that will surely come to an end : either through some
    accident or because it is natural for all living things to grow old and
    die.
    Unlike the summer’s day, his beloved’s summer will last
    forever. His love will never lose her beauty and death will never
    get her. She will live in lines of verse (poetry) that cannot die.

    Sonnet 18 Mr. Saber El-Fakharany 01007898381


    Metaphor
    in “the eye of heaven shines” to describe the sun.
    Personification
    In “his gold complexion dimm’d”
    The poet personifies the sun as a man with dark, dull face.
    Personification
    In “ Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”.
    He described death as a man.
    Equation ‫توازن‬
    “Youth” with “summer”

    The opening line poses a simple question which the rest of the sonnet answers.
    The poet compares his loved one to a summer’s day and finds him to be “more
    lovely and more temperate.”

    The poet discovers that love and the man’s beauty are more permanent than a
    summer’s day because summer is tainted by occasional winds and the eventual
    change of season. While summer must always come to an end, the speaker’s love
    for the man is eternal.

    Shakespeare changed the internal form of the sonnet. The rhyme scheme of his
    sonnet is ABAB ,CDCD , EFEF ,GG

    The metere of the poem is the iambic pentameter

    For the speaker, love transcends nature in two ways:

    1-The speaker begins by comparing the man’s beauty to summer, but soon
    the man becomes a force of nature himself. In the line, “thy eternal summer
    shall not fade,” the man suddenly embodies summer. As a perfect being, he
    becomes more powerful than the summer’s day to which he was being
    compared.

    Sonnet 18 Mr. Saber El-Fakharany 01007898381


    2-The poet’s love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail it. The
    speaker’s love lives on for future generations to admire through the power of
    the written word – through the sonnet itself. The final couplet explains that the
    beloved’s “eternal summer” will continue as long as there are people alive to
    read this sonnet:

    So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,


    So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

    The young man to whom the poem is addressed is the muse for
    Shakespeare’s first 126 sonnets. Although there is some debate about the
    correct ordering of the texts, the first 126 sonnets are thematically interlinked
    and demonstrate a progressive narrative. They tell of a romantic affair that
    becomes more passionateand intense with each sonnet.

    In previous sonnets, the poet has been trying to convince the young man to
    settle down and have children, but in Sonnet 18 the speaker abandons this
    domesticity for the first time and accepts love’s all-consuming passion – a
    theme that is set to continue in the sonnets that follow.

    Study Questions

    1. How does Shakespeare’s treatment of love in Sonnet 18 differ to his later


    sonnets?
    2. How does Shakespeare use language and metaphor to present the young
    man’s beauty in Sonnet 18?
    3. Do you think that the speaker has been successful in immortalizing his
    love in the words of this poem? To what extent is this only a poetic idea?

    Questions and answers :

    1-What's a sonnet ? What is the difference between the Italian and ths
    Shakespearean sonnet ?

    - The sonnet is a poem of 18 lines, dealing with one idea or emotion and that
    idea or emotion is usually a personal one .

    -The sonnet originated in Italy and in its first form was divided into 2 parts:
    one consisting of 8 lines ( octet), the other of 6 ( sestet). Shakespeare
    changed the internal form of sonnet. He divided the 14 lines into 3 quatrains
    and a heroic couplet.

    Sonnet 18 Mr. Saber El-Fakharany 01007898381


    2-What will make the lady's beauty everlasting ?

    -Her beauty will be everlasting in the verse of the poet's sonnet that will be
    repeated among people forever. As long as men live, and as long as they
    read poetry.

    3-In sonnet 18 Shakespeare says that poetry defies time. Discuss .

    -Shakespeare believes that poetry defeats time and death. He says that
    poetry prevents death and time from frightening the people who are
    mentioned in the poems.

    4-Why does the poet use the repletion of certain words ?

    - To create internal musical patterns in the sonnet, foe example : more /


    fair/so long

    5-Pick up the figures of speech in sonnet 18 ?

    - Shakespeare used only a few traditional metaphors in this sonnet, ex.

    * describing the sun as the " eye of heaven " *also the internal summer

    *There is also personification in: his gold complexion .

    6-Write short notes on Shakespeare :

    -Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. He wrote 37 plays and 134
    sonnets .He is still popular because he is actually not of one age, but for all
    time .

    Sonnet 18 Mr. Saber El-Fakharany 01007898381

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