11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Historical Development of Philippine
Politics
Subject Name: Philippine Politics and Governance - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Historical Development of Philippine Politics
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Aaron Joab A. Despi
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Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Henry T. Dayot
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 11

Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Historical Development of
Philippine Politics
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Historical Development of Philippine Politics.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance - Grade 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Historical Development of Philippine Politics.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be engaged in the different activities that are found in this learning
resource which in turn helps you become an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
Remove all worries because you can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and governance.

(HUMSS_PG12-Ii-31)

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS

This lesson presents the development of Philippine government from pre-history

to the modern era. Furthermore, it will educate students how the Filipinos participated
under the Spanish rule until the American administration and up to the present
republic. It is very essential for the young generation especially the students to know
about the historical context of the Philippine government because it will always guide
them in understanding the existing social, political, and economic status of the Filipino
people.

K- Explain the evolution of politics and governance in the Philippines

S- Evaluate the contribution of the political leaders in every stage of Philippine politics
and governance to the current status of the Philippine Republic.
A- Value the contribution of the political figures in the past until the
Present.

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 What I Know

IDENTIFICATION
Task 1 Directions: Read each statement carefully and identify what is describe in
each of the items. Write your answer in your activity notebook. Do not write anything
on this module.
1. It is the name of the government in the Philippines during the Pre-Spanish
period.
2. He led the Filipinos in the Katipunan, a secret revolution against the Spaniards.
3. It is a law which established the Commonwealth Government in the Philippines.
4. He is the First President in the Philippines through national election.
5. She is considered as the Mother of Democracy in the Philippines.

What’s In

Looking back at the previous lesson on the relationship between globalization

and states/nations, you can now clearly establish your own understanding on how
governance is affected with changes that is brought about by several factors that are
beyond certain control. These have widely affected the lives of people who are dire
and impoverish. The status of a nation is greatly affected by its history and hence it is
important to learn about the Historical Development of Philippine Politics.
Using your background knowledge about Philippine history, describe in detail
with as much information as you can about the system of government during the Pre-
Spanish colonial era or time during the existence of early Filipinos. Draw an image
which shows an example of a system of politics adapted by the early Filipinos. Do this
in your activity notebook.

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 What’s New

Political History of Philippine Politics

I. The Pre-Spanish Government
During this time, the early Filipinos had a government called “balangay”. The head
or the leader was called Datu or Rajah who was assisted by the elders in the
community. The powers of the government were exercised by the datu or rajah. There
were three social classes during this time, the Maharlika (nobles), the Timawas (
Freemen), the Alipin (slaves). The Datu or the Rajah always came from the
Marharlika.
II. Government in the Philippines under the Spanish Rule
The Philippines was colonized by Spain and ruled indirectly by the King of Spain
through the viceroy of Mexico. The Philippines was ruled by Spain until it got the
independence in 1898. The national government was headed by a Spanish General
who was appointed by the King of Spain. Below the national government was the
Alcaldia or the provinces headed by the Alcalde mayor. Next were the Pueblos or
recently called as towns which were led by the Gobernadorcillo known as the little
governor and the barangays which were led by the Cabeza de Barangay.
During the Spanish government in the Philippines, many Filipinos established
organizations which main purpose was to overthrow the Spanish government because
of its tyranny. Among the key personalities who rose into rebellion were Andres
Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo. Andres Bonifacio organized the Katipunan and was
replaced because it was discovered by the Spanish authorities. The new government
was headed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo as President in the Tejeros Convention held on
March 22-23, 1897.
Emilio Aguinaldo then created the Biak-Na-Bato Republic which aimed to separate
from Spain. But Aguinaldo and his men were exiled in Hong Kong. After his exile, he
established a Dictatorial Government which resulted to the proclamation of Philippine
Independence in Kawit Cavite on June 12, 1898 and the reorganization of local
governments. On January 23, 1899, the first Philippine Republic was established with
Gen. Aguinaldo as the President.
III. The Government During the American Regime
The Americans started the military rule in the Philippines on August 14, 1898. The
President of the United States delegated his authority to the military governor who
exercised all powers of the government (as long as the war lasted) - executive,
legislative and judiciary. The Spooner Amendment ended the military regime in the
Philippines. It was changed into civil government headed by a Civil Governor General
on February 6, 1905. The Governor-general has legislative powers, and he was the
President of the Philippine Commission from 1901-1907. The Philippine commission

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was the sole lawmaking body of the Philippine assembly as the lower chamber. The
Jones Law of 1916 which became the fundamental law for the Philippines vested the
legislative power in an all Filipino lawmaking body composed of the Philippine senate
and the House of Representatives.
IV. The Commonwealth Government
The Tydings-McDuffie Law in 1934 established the Commonwealth Government.
It was a form of government in transition towards independence. It provided for a ten-
year transition period after which the Philippine Independence would be proclaimed
and established.
The Commonwealth Government was inaugurated on November 15, 1935. The
first national election in the country was held on September 12, 1935. Manuel L.
Quezon was the President, and his vice President was Sergio Osmena. The
Commonwealth Government functioned in exile during World War II in Washington,
USA, from May 13, 1942 to October 3, 1944. It was re-established in Manila on
February 27, 1945. The USA turned over to a Filipino President the full powers and
responsibilities of the Commonwealth Government under the 1935 Constitution.
V. The Government under the Japanese Occupation
The Japanese military administration was established in Manila on January 3,
1942. A civil government which was called the Philippine Executive Commission was
established with Jorge B. Vargas as Chairman. It had legislative and executive
powers, but the laws enacted through were subject to approval by the Commander-in-
Chief of the Japanese Forces. On October 14, 1943, the Japanese-sponsored
Philippine Republic with Jose P. Laurel as the President was inaugurated. The ultimate
source of authority was the Japanese administrator. It was dissolved on August 17,
1945.
When the World War II ended, the Philippines was emancipated from the clutch of
the dominion of the Japanese. The Filipinos gained independence and started to elect
own leaders of the Republic.

What is It
The following are the Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines.

1. Emilio Aguinaldo (1898-1901) - The first President of the Philippines. He led

the Filipinos in fighting against the Spaniards and the Americans.

2. Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944) - The first Senate President elected as

President of the Philippines. First elected in a national election. He made
Tagalog as the national language of the Philippines.

3. Jose P. Laurel (1943-1945) - The President of the Philippines during the

Japanese occupation in World War II.

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4. Sergio Osmena ( 1944-1946) - He was the oldest President at 65 to hold office.
He rehabilitated the Philippine National Bank, and the Philippines joined the
International Monetary Fund.

5. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948) - The first President of the Third Republic and
during his administration the Philippines started reconstructing war damages.
A military assistance pact was signed in 1947 granting the United States a 99-
year lease on designated military bases in the country.

6. Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953) - Vice President Quirino ascended to the

presidency when Roxas died in 1948. He ran for president in his own right in
1949 winning a four-year term. He served as the second President of the Third
Republic. Noted with the two objectives of his administration which were the
economic Reconstruction and Restoration of people’s trust. He created rural
banks.

7. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) - He succeeded Quirino but was not able to

finish his term as he died in a plane crash on March 17, 1957. he was
immensely popular with the ordinary people.

8. Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961) - The 4th President of the Third Republic who
was known for his Filipino First policy. He also implemented cultural revival and
economic nationalism.

9. Diosdado Macapagal (1961- 1965) - He succeeded Garcia. His administration

was known for its socio-economic programs, the abolition of tenancy and the
establishment of Land bank. He sought relations with neighboring Asian
countries. He changed the celebration of independence from July 4 to June 12.

10. Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986) - He became President in 1965 and was re-
elected in 1969. Marco declared Martial law on September 21, 1972, by
proclamation No. 1081. Marcos by virtue of Presidential Decrees curtailed
press freedom, closed down Congress and media establishments. Opposition
leaders and militant activists were arrested including his critic Senator
Benigno Aquino Jr.

11. Corazon Aquino (1986-1992) - She became the first woman President in Asia.
She lacked political experience, but she survived seven attempted coup
attempts. She was responsible for the restoration of democratic processes and
institutions in the Philippines. The members of the Philippine Senate in 1991
rejected the treaty that would have allowed a 10-year extension of the U.S.
military bases in the Philippines.

12. Fidel Ramos (1992-1998) - He declared national reconciliation and was known
for his program the “Philippines 2000” where he attempted to make the
Philippines as a “Tiger Economy of Asia”. During his administration, capital
punishment was re-imposed.

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 13. Joseph Estrada (1998-2000) - He became President by a landslide victory in
1998. He was removed from office on January 20, 2001 by EDSA Revolution 2
because of the controversial impeachment trial against him. He was tried and
convicted for plunder and spent six years in prison but given Presidential
pardon by his successor Gloria M. Arroyo, his former Vice President.

14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010) - The daughter of the late President
Diosdado Macapagal. She has the vision of “Sugpuin ang Kahirapan”. Her nine-
year administration was marked with issues like cheating in the Presidential
election, poverty, Expanded VAT Law, fertilizer scam, Jueteng, and ZTE
scandal.

15. Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016) - The son of former President Cory Aquino
and hero Ninoy Aquino. He ascended to presidency in 2010 elections.

Task 2: Directions: How are you familiar with the leaders of our country? Fill out the
table below using your background knowledge. Give their major role in the government
and cite at least two specific contributions or programs that they implemented for the
betterment of the people. Do this in your activity notebook. Do not write anything on
this module.

Contributions for the betterment

Position Major Role Name of the lives of the people
President of
the 1.
Philippines 2.
Vice
President of 1.
the 2.
Philippines
The mayor of
your town/city 1.
2.
The Vice
Mayor of your 1.
town/city 2.
Your District
representative 1.
2.
The Governor
in your 1.
Province 2.
The Barangay
Captain in 1.
your 2.
barangay

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 What’s More

Task 1: Directions: Think of one positive and one negative practice in the current
Politics and Governance or societal activities of the people in the Philippines and place
them under the specific history that influences such practices. Give a short explanation
to justify your answer. Do this on your activity notebook. Do not write anything on this
module.

Task 2: Think of one positive and one negative practice in the current Politics and
Governance or societal activities of the people in the Philippines and place them under
the specific history that influences such practices. Give a short explanation to justify
your answer. Do this on your activity notebook. Do not write anything on this module.
1. The Pre-Spanish Government
Positive: Negative:
2. Government in the Philippines under the Spanish Rule
Positive: Negative:
3. Government during the American Regime
Positive: Negative:
4. The Commonwealth Government
Positive: Negative:
5. The Government under the Japanese Occupation
Positive: Negative:

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Write your reflection on the topic Political History of Philippines Politics.
Do this on your activity notebook. Do not write anything on this module.

What I Can Do

Task 3: Directions: The box contains key areas in the development of the Philippine
government. Using the flow chart, arrange them from past to present and cite a major
event that you can remember about each of these developments. Do this in your
activity notebook. Do not write anything on this module.

 Pre-Spanish Government
 The Government Under the Japanese Occupation
.
 Government in the Philippines under the Spanish Rule
 The Government During the American Regime
 The Commonwealth Government

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 Assessment

IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Read each statement carefully and give what is being described. Write
your answer on your activity notebook. Do not write anything on this module.
1. It is the name of the government in the Philippines during the Pre-Spanish
period.
2. He led the Filipinos in the Katipunan, a secret revolution against the Spaniards.
3. It is a law which established the Commonwealth Government in the Philippines.
4. He is the First President in the Philippines through national election.
5. She is considered as the Mother of Democracy in the Philippines.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Directions: Read each question or statement carefully and

choose the letter of the best answer. Write only the letter on your activity notebook.
1. He was the president in the Philippines during WW II.
A. Sergio Osmena B. Manuel L. Quezon
C. Jose P. Laurel D. Manuel Roxas

2. The President in the Philippines who declared Martial Law.

A. Ferdinand Marcos
B. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
C. Rodrigo Roa Duterte
D. All of the above

3. Which among the statements is incorrect?

A. The 1987 Constitution was created during the Presidency of Corazon Aquino.
B. Not all Presidents took the Presidency through election.
C. Marcos was removed from presidency through impeachment.
D. Corazon Aquino restored the democracy in the Philippines.

4. The first President of the Third Philippine Republic.

A. Elpidio Quirino
B. Carlos P. Garcia
C. Jose P. laurel
D. Manuel Roxas

5. It is a social class during the Pre-Spanish Government which refers to the nobles.
A.Maharlika B.Timawa C.Alipin D.Datu

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6. He was the president in the Philippines during WW II.
A. Sergio Osmena
B. Manuel L. Quezon
C. Jose P. Laurel
D. Manuel Roxas

7. The President in the Philippines who declared Martial Law.

A. Ferdinand Marcos
B. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
C. Rodrigo Roa Duterte
D. All of the above

8. Which among the statements is incorrect?

A. The 1987 Constitution was created during the Presidency of Corazon Aquino.
B. Not all Presidents took the Presidency through election.
C. Marcos was removed from presidency through impeachment.
D. Corazon Aquino restored the democracy in the Philippines.

9. The first President of the Third Philippine Republic.

A. Elpidio Quirino
B. Carlos P. Garcia
C. Jose P. laurel
D. Sergio Osmena

10. It is a social class during the Pre-Spanish Government which refers to the nobles.
A. Maharlika
B. Timawa
C. Alipin
D. Datu

Essay
Directions: Answer each question below comprehensively. Write your answer in
your activity notebook.
Rubrics for Scoring
Content: --- 4 Organization: --- 3 Grammar: ---- 2 Mechanics: --- 1
Total Score 10
1. How does the different political history of Philippine Politics affect the current?
political system and governance in our country? Cite situations to support your
answer. (10pts.)

2. How will you value the contributions of the previous presidents for our country?
Cite situations to support your answer. (10pts.)

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 Additional Activities

Based on the lesson, create a timeline of activities showing the historical

development of Philippine politics. Focus only on those considered important turn of
events in the course of Philippine History. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
Rubrics
Content: 10 pts Organization: 5 pts Visual Appeal: 5 pts Total: 20 pts.

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 Answer Key

Answer Key

10.Ombudsman

9. D

8. C

7. D

6. C

5. Corazon Aquino

4.Emilio Aguinaldo

3. Tydings-McDuffie Law

2.Andres Bonifacio

1.Balangay

References

Rhene T. Abejen and Erlinda B. Pulma: “Philippines Politics and Governance,”JFS

Publishing Service,2016

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Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

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