Professional Documents
Culture Documents
10 - The Farm Business Survey
10 - The Farm Business Survey
1
11.
12. breeding
13.
ing po er
e als
oats and bers
17. Groundnu
a ga ening
pland rice
21. et paddy or swamp rice
22. ocoa
23. 0
24. he oil palm
25. The rubber e
26. he mode farm business
1
Ill
1976
Fi printing 1
ISBN 92-5-100153-7
ness su .............................................. 14
Why make a farm business survey? ............................ 15
How to make a farm business survey ........................ 16
A farmer should know the size of his fields .............. 18
How to reckon the length and width of a field ..... 19
How to reckon the area of a field ........................ .
How to measure the weight of a harvest .................... 21
How to reckon the yield per hectare ....................... ..
How to reckon receipts ............................................. 23
Explanations help in answering
the questionnaire ...................................................... 24
su questionnaire .............................. 31
1
1
- r
I
r
lture is the trade
farm the la and rai
The farmer's trade is a difficult one;
it is a trade that demands a great deal
It a
becaused nowadays there are many new techniques.
cultural extension workers
and agdcu ltural assistants
explain these new techniques
to farmers.
With the help of the Better Farming courses
you can also gain a better knowledge
of farming.
trade
4
i - r
(see Booklet o. 5)
by protecting the soil
against flowing water (erosion by water)
against wind (erosion by wind),
and against sun that is too hot.
To do this on sloping fields,
the ploughing should be along contour lines,
and the soil should be covered.
• The
as ce (see Booklet 1\Jo. 7).
All the jobs on the land must be well done,
and they must be done at the right time.
6
If you want to have ma fine animals,
you must:
7
r
courses
We always reply:
the aim the Better Farming courses
is not give a government job.
In every country
there are examinations for government jobs.
But our purpose
is not to get people into government service.
8
know that the Better Farming courses
are not recognized by the government
and administration of my country
as an official certificate.
Doing a Better Farming course
will not help me to get a government job.
That is not its purpose.
I do the course
simply in to learn J better.
If I'm a farmer,
or working with father or uncle,
I sha 11 learn how to farm we!!.
l shall use modern methods,
I shal I get good yields
and I sha 11 earn more money.
So I sha 11 have extra money
to feed my family well,
make a better house,
and improve the village along with the other farmers.
If I am an extension worker
or an agricultural assistant
I shall learn how to give simple advice to farmers.
I shall become a good community leader
and be useful to the farmers and to my country.
9
I
i r
ring the first year we studied:
plants,
the soil and the too for working the soil,
animals.
Why?
farmer uses plants, the earth,
tools and animals to produce.
The and with him,
the the , the s, and the imals,
are all part of a whole
which is called
• plants,
• tools.
eggs.
10
In
• The are
Each student shou Id choose
out of the booklets prepared
seven booklets on crops and animal husband
He must choose at least
two booklets on animal husbandry.
11
If a dent chooses booklets animal husband
he has to choose 1ve booklets on crops.
For example:
Mamadou is a farmer in savanna country;
he has cattle and sheep;
he uses animal power for tilling.
Mamadou chooses:
three booklets on animal husbandry:
cattle,
sheep and goats,
farming with animal power;
four booklets on crops:
cereals,
roots and tubers,
groundnuts,
market gardening.
12
y programme
for the second-year course
is called:
In
a
rvey"?
• are there?
• farmed?
these fie ?
?
•
in the fiei
?
ii n are the
1
Ma students of the Better rmmg
are who·work on a farm.
Sometimes this business belongs m,
and sometimes it belongs their father,
or brother uncle.
Each Better Farming student
shou Id have a good knowledge
of the farm on which he works.
If he knows it well,
he will be able to improve it,
for he will have a good knowledge
of the means of production
used by this farm business.
15
1.
For mple:
are asked if you put manure on fields.
if on your farm
the animals are not shut in,
you cannot make manure.
So shou Id not say
that you manure on the fields.
For example:
are asked if apply fertilizer
to your plantation.
if you do n apply fertilizer,
you must not say that do.
'16
2.
corner of r booklet
1s a square corner
because forms a right angle.
should nowadays make all r fie
with square corners. Width
modern fields
let is a rectangle,
because it has 4 sides and 4 square corners.
The 2 bigger sides
are called the
A rectangle
The smal si
are called the
When the length and the width are the same,
the rectangle is cal led a square.
gcod farmer shou Id know
the length and width his fields.
know the length and width of a field
the field must
Measuring the ngth or width of a field
means owmg
how ma metres there are in this length or width.
18
E LE F FIE
metre is a un
shops can buy a wooden i rule,
or a tape which measures exactly one metre.
But you can ma a metre measure
Take a sti that is quite straight,
or a piece of string or rope.
Take five times the length of r booklet
'(the bigger side of the booklet)
and you wi 11 have a length of about one metre
(1.05 metres exact ),
because your booklet is 21 centimetres long,
that is O 1 metre (.0.21 5 = 1.05 m).
To get just one metre,
take off the stick, or string or rope,
the length of r thumb.
19
E E F FIE
a
You simply put in a nt four places
t
Often when ask a rmer
how much he has ha
the farmer says:
" I harvested cas . "
nee,
II
or I rvested 18 baskets
0
or " I rvested 5 sacks of coffee.
Usual farmers do not use
the same units of measurement
to measure the a mou they have harvested.
So it I difficu to compare the harvest one fa
with harvest of another farmer.
m
can measure rvest in kilogrammes
a I
The dealers or trading companies
who buy agricultural produce
have scales
to weigh the harvest of each farmer,
But sometimes the dealers
cheat the farmers
ing their produce.
8 = 1 kg.
21
of thus:
an area of 1 188 m2 I harvested
1 m 2 I would have harvested 94 kg
1188
1 ha (or 000 m 2 ) I would have harvested
10
1
1188
Another example:
I a field
which is 165 metres long and metres wide.
Its area is 1 m m= 1 m2.
I harvested 924 kg of maize on this field.
What is the vieldper hectare?
I use the rule of three:
On an area of 10 m2 I harvested
On 1 m 2 I would have harvested
I
Perhaps he has sold an ox or a calf,
or eggs.
id , pi mentoes or tomatoes.
added
pts.
The questionnaire for this survey is long.
There are five parts.
Each of these parts deals with
one of the means of production of the farm business:
24
2 re
1.
25
3 re
2,
1.
On the farm there is perhaps a place
where, for example, pi mentoes, or tomatoes,
or okra or onions are grown.
Name all the plants grown in this garden.
Sav also if the farmer sells vegetables
grown in the garden.
If there is no garden, answer "no"
and go on to the next question.
p
Plantations are land where trees are grown.
In the questionnaire
each rectangle represents one plantation.
Fill in as many rectangles
as there are plantations.
In the forest regions,
the plantations are chiefly of coffee trees, cocoa trees,
oil palms, coconut palms, bananas.
In savanna country
the plantations are chiefly of fruit trees
such as mango, orange, lemon or papaw trees.
If the plantation is very small,
for example, it has three or four mango trees,
give only the number of trees,
do not give the area.
If the plantation is ve big,
example? coffee trees,
ive on !y area plantation
a n the number
7
F
In the questionnaire
each rectangle represents one fieid.
Fill in as many rectangles
as there are fields.
Pasture
Are there places
where fodder crops for ani ma Is are grown,
for example, a seeded fallow?
28
6
A modern farm
should have special buildings.
Take note
whether there are such buildings on the farm.
Do not invent your answers.
If there are no buiidings of these kinds,
answer "no" to the questions.
29
7
HOW E E OUESTIONNAI E
• Be sure you understand each question.
This booklet explains how to answer the quest~ons.
Reread pages 24 to 30.
• Ne-xt, take good note
of what there reaUy is on the- farm.
As asked, you must count and measure.
Then write your answer.
lt the quest-ion speaks
of something which does not exist on the farm,.
answer 11
no,r.
R
There are also those who work for him on the farm.
• Count how many people work all the time on the farm.
Catt Ie -------------
Sheep -------------
Goats -------------
Pigs ----------------
Chickens--------
• Are these animals raised for food for people (meat, milk, eggs)? If so, which?
This year, was any money earned from the animals? ------------------------------------------------
How much? Reckon as follows:
+ ----------------- + ----------------- =
• Are some animals used for farm work?
1. The garden
Tree plantations
Are there any plantations or fruit trees?
Each rectangle below represents one plantation or a group of trees. Write in
the rectangle the answers to the following questions:
• What sort of plantation? (Coffee ------ oil palms ______ mangoes ______ etc.)
• What is the area of the plantation?
• How many trees are there?
• How many kilogrammes were harvested in a year?
• If anything was sold, how much was earned? ("Receipts ........... ")
E].
F
• Look at each field. Each rectangle below represents one field. Write· in the
rectangles and say:
• What crop is grown in !he field: "Field of ........... "
• What is the area of th1s field: "measuring ............ "
• How many kilogrammes were harvested in this field: "Harvest .......... "
• If the harvest was sold, or part of the harvest, how much was earned?
{"Receipts ............... ")
Which of the products harvested in the fields and plantations were used for human
food? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installations: is there:
What arrangements have been made to bring water to the fields or garden? _____
What installations, such as a dryer or oven, etc., are there for drying or treating
harvest products? -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Argentina Editorial Hemisferio Sur S.R.L., Librerfa Agropecuaria, Pasteur 743, Buenos Aires.
Australia Hunter Publications, 58A Gipps Street, Collingwood, Vic. 3066; The Assistant Director,
Sales and Distribution, Australian Government Publishing Service, P.O. Box 84,
Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, and Australian Government Publications and Inquiry Centres
in Canberra, Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Adelaide and Hobart.
Austria Gerold & Co., Buchhandlung und Verlag. Graben 31, 1011 Vienna.
Bangladesh Association of Voluntary Agencies in Bangladesh, 549F Road 14, Dhammandi, P.O. Box
5045, Dacca 5.
Belgique Service des publications de la FAQ, M. J. De Lannoy, rue du Trone 112. 1050 Bruxelles.
CCP 000-0808993-13.
Bolivia Los Amigos del Libra, Peru 3712. Casilla 450, Cochabamba; Mercado 1315, La Paz;
Rene Moreno 26. Santa Cruz; Junfn esq. 6 de Octubre, Oruro.
Brazil Livraria Me.stre Jou, Rua Guaipa 518, Sao Paulo 10; Rua Senador Dantas 19-S205/206,
Rio de Janeiro.
Brunei MPH Distributors Sdn. Bhd., 71 /77 Stamford Road, Singapore 6, Singapore.
Canada Information Canada, Ottawa.
Chile Biblioteca, FAO Oficina Regional para America Latina, Av. Providencia 871, Casilla
10095, Santiago.
Chi11a China National Publications Import Corporation, P.O. Box 88, Peking.
Colombia Litexsa Colombiana Ltda., Carrera 15. N' 51-79, Apartado Aereo 51340, Bogota.
Costa Rica Libreria, lmprenta y Litografia Lehmann S.A., Apartado 10011, San Jose.
Cuba Institute del Libra, Calle 19 y 10. N' 1002. Vedado.
Cyprus MAM, P.O. Box 1722, Nicosia.
Denmark Ejnar Munksgaard, Norregade 6, Copenhagen S.
!Ecuador Su Librerfa Cfa. Ltda., Garcia Moreno 1172, Apartado 2556, Quito.
!Egypt Al Ahram, El Galaa St., Cairo.
El Salvador Librerfa Cultural Salvadoreiia S.A .. Avenida Morazan 113. Apartado Postal 2296, San
Salvador.
IEspaiia Libreria Mundi Prensa, Castello 37, Madrid; Libreria Agricola, Fernando VI, 2, Madrid . 4.
Finland Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, 1 Keskuskatu, Helsinki.
France Editions A. Pedone. 13 rue Soufflot. 75005 Paris.
Germany, f. R. Alexander Horn Internationale Buchhandlung, Spiegelgasse 9, Postfach 3340. Wiesbaden.
Ghana Ghana Publishing Corporation. P.O. Box 3632, Accra.
Grece "Eleftheroudakis ", 4 Nikis Street, Athenes.
Guatemala Distribuciones Culturales y Tecnicas "Artemis·", Quinta Avenida 12-11. Zona 1,
Guatemala.
Haiti Max Bouchereau, Librairie "A la Caravel le". B.P. 111 B. Port-au-Prince.
Honduras Editorial Nuevo Continente S. de R.L., Avenida Cervantes 1230-A, Apartado Postal 380,
Tegucigalpa.
Hong Kong Swindon Book Co., 13-15 Lock Road. Kowloon.
keland Snaebji:irn Jonsson and Co. h.f .. Hafnarstraeti 9, P.O. Box 1131, Reykjavik.
India Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House. New Delhi; 17 Park Street, Calcutta.
Indonesia P.T. Gunung Agung, 6 Kwitang. Djakarta.
Iran Iran Book Co. Ltd., 127 Nadershah Avenue, P.O. Box 14-1532, Tehran; Economist Tehran,
99 Sevom Esfand Avenue, Tehran (sub-agent).
Iraq National House for Publishing, Distributing and Advertising, Rashid Street, Baghdad.
Ireland The Controller. Stationery Office. Dublin.
Israel Emanuel Brown, P.O. Box 4101. 35 Allenby Road and Nachlat Benyamin Street, Tel Aviv;
9 Shlomzion Hamalka Street, Jerusalem.
ltalie Distribution and Sales Section, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome: Libreria Scientifica Dott. L. De Biasio
"Aeiou ". Via Meravigli 16, 20123 Milan: Libreria Commissionaria Sansoni "Licosa"
Via Lamarmora 45, C.P. 552. 50121 Florence.
Jamaica Teachers Book Centre Ltd., 96 Church Street. Kingston.
Japan Maruzen Company Ltd., P.O. Box 5050. Tokyo Central 100-31.
Kenya The E.S.A. Bookshop, P.O. Box 30167, Nairobi.
V
Korea1, Rep. of The Eul-Yoo Publishing Co. Ltd .. 5 2-Ka. Chong-ro, Seoul.
liba11 Dar AI-Maaref Liban SAL.. place Riad EI-Solh, B.P. 2320. Beyrouth.
luxembo<1r!lJ Service des publications de la FAQ, M. J. De Lannoy, rue du Trone 112. 1050 Bruxelles
(Belgique).
M111laysi&1 MPH Distributors Sdn. Bhd., 71 /77 Stamford Road, Singapore 6, Singapore.
Maroc Librairie "Aux Belles Images", 281 avenue Mohammed V, Rabat.
Mauritius Nalanda Company Limited. 30 -Bourbon Street, Port-Louis.
Meilico Dilitsa, Puebla 182-D, Apartado 24-448. Mexico 7, D.F.
Netherl1111ds N.V. Martinus Nijhoff, Lange Voorhout 9, The Hague.
New Zealand Government Printing Office: Government Bookshops at Rutland Street, P.O. Box 5344,
Auckland; Mulgrave Street, Private Bag, Wellington; 130 Oxford Terrace, P.O. Box
1721, Christchurch; Princes Street. P.O. Box 1104, Dunedin; Alma Street, P.O.
Box 857, Hamilton.
Nicara!lJul!I Culturama. Camino de Oriente, Apartado 4741, Managua.
Nigeria University Bookshop Nigeria Ltd., University of Ibadan.
Norway Johan Grundt Tanum Bokhandel, Karl Johansgt. GT 41-43, Oslo 1.
Pakistan Mirza Book Agency, 65 The Mall, Lahore 3.
Panl!lma Distribuidora Lewis SA, Edificio Dorasol, Calle 25 y Avenida Balboa, Apartado 1634,
Panama 1.
Peru t:ibreria Juan Mejia Baca, Azangaro 722, Lima.
Philippines The Modern Book Company, 928 Rizal Avenue, Manila.
Poland Ars Polona-Ruch, Krakowskie Przedmiescie 7, Warsaw.
Uvraria Bertrand, S.A.R.l., Apartado 37, Amadora; Livraria Portugal. Dias y Andrade
Ltda., Apartado 2681, Rua do Carmo 70-74, Lisbon - 2.
Rep. Dominicana Fundaci6n Dominicana de Desarrollo, Casa de las Gargolas, Mercedes 4, Santo Domingo.
Roumanie llexim, Cal ea Grivitei No. 64-66, P.O. Box. 2001, Bucharest.
Arabia Khazindar Establishment, King Faysal Street, Riyadh.
Sin!lJapore MPH Distributors Sdn. Bhd., 71 /77 Stamford Road, Singapore 6.
Somalia "Samater's ", P.O. Box 936, Mogadishu.
Sri Lanka M.D. Gunasena and Co. Ltd., 217 Norris Road, Colombo 11.
Suisse Librairie Payot S.A., Lausanne et Geneve; Hans Raunhardt, Kirchgasse 17, Zurich 1.
Sweden C.E. Fritzes Kung!. Hovbokhandel, Fredsgatan 2, 103 27 Stockholm 16.
Ttmzimia Dar es Salaam Bookshop, P.O. Box 9030, Dar es Salaam.
Thaihmd Suksapan Panit, Mansion 9, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok.
TO!lJO Librairie du Bon Pasteur, B.P. 1164, Lome.
Turkey Guven Kitabevi Mudafaa Cad., Guven Building 12/5, Ankara.
1Ll11ited Ki11gdom Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 49 High Holborn, London, W.C.1; P.O. Box 569, London,
S.E.1 (trade and London area mail orders); 13a Castle Street, Edinburgh EH2 3AR;
109 St. Mary Street, Cardiff CF1 1JW; 7 Linenhall Street, Belfast BT2 8AV; Brazennose
Street, Manchester M60 8AS; 258 Broad Street, Birmingham 1; Southey House.
Wine Street, Bristol BS1 280.
United States UNIPUB, 650 First Avenue, P.O. Box 433, Murray Hill Station, New York, N.Y. 10016.
of Americlll
Urugullly Juan Angel Peri, Alzaibar 1328, Casilla de Correos 1755, Montevideo.
Venezuellll ,Blume Distribuidora S.A., Calle 3, N° 508, Quinta Palmera Sola, Campo Alegre, Chacao,
Caracas.
Jugoslovenska Knjiga, Terazije 27 /11, Belgrade; Cankarjeva Zalozba, P.O. Box 201-IV,
Ljubljana.
Requests from countries where sales agents have not yet been appointed may be
sent to: Distribution and Sales Section, Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
Les commandes ou les demandes de renseignements emanant de pays pour lesquels
des agents ou des depositaires n'ont pas encore ete designes peuvent etre adressees
a: Section distribution et ventes, Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation
et !'agriculture, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, ltalie.
Los pedidos procedentes de paises en donde a(m no han sido designados agentes
distribuidores, pueden hacerse directamente a la Secci6n de Distribuci6n y Venta,
FAO, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Roma, Italia.
P-69
ISBN 92-5-100153-7