11

Earth Science
Quarter 1 – Module 13:

Waste Generation and

Management
Earth Science – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 13:
First Edition, 2020

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represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Lea Mae V. Aninion and Eljay M. Cellacay
Editors: Norma P. Rendon
Reviewers: Laforeza L. maguate, John Jerson P. Constantino
Illustrators: Graciel Monica V. Padre-I, Alfredo B. Mangay III, Ella Marie Corpuz
Layout Artist: Jerome B. Reynes, Maylene F. Grigana
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
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Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, Science
Donna S. Panes – Chief, CID
Elizabeth G. Torres – EPS, LRMS
Judith B. Alba – EPS, ADM
Norma P. Rendon – EPS, Science

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 11

Earth Science
Quarter 1 – Module 13 :

Waste Generation and

Management
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Grade 11 Earth Science Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Waste
Generation and Management.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11 Earth Science Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Waste

Generation and Management.
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict
skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own
pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I need to know

How are you? Have you asked the same question to Mother Earth? According to
OVO Energy, humans now buy a million plastic bottles a minute. Most of this plastic ends
up in the ocean. By 2050, the ocean will contain more plastic by weight than fish. You
have been taught about proper care towards our environment, let us revisit some familiar
topics and learn new ones.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Describe how people generate different types of waste (solid, liquid, and gaseous)
as they make use of various materials and resources in everyday life.
(S11ES-Ii-19);
 explain how different types of wastes that affect people’s health and the
environment (S11ESli-j-20).

-Identify the different types of wastes that affect the people’s health and the
environment;
-Explain how these wastes give negative effect on people’s health and the
environment and;
Suggest ways on waste mitigation and waste reduction management activities.
 What I Know

1. Waste is any material that is not needed by the

(A) owner
(B) producer
(C) processor
(D) all of the above
2. Which of the following is true?
(A) there is no real waste in nature
(B) the apparent waste from one process becomes input to another
(C) all processes of production and consumption produce waste
(D) all of the above
3. Most disposable wastes are in the form of
(A) solids (C) slurries
(B) liquids (D) all of the above
4. The simplest and most common method used in the cities is to collect and
dump the waste in a ___ .
(A) landfill (C) ocean
(B) river (D) any of the above
5. As the matter inside the sanitary landfill breaks down, it generates gases
including
(A) nitrogen
(B) hydrogen
(C) methane
(D) all of the above

6.What type of item makes up the majority of the garbage that we throw into our
landfills in the Philippines?
a. food c. metals
b. plastic d. paper
7.Which of the following is true about plastic water bottles?
a. They need to be recycled because they fill up the landfills.
b. They cannot be recycled.
c. They decompose in no time.
d. They are not harmful in the environment.

8.What is an example of water pollution?

e. An oil spill from a large ship
f. Animals walking along the beach
g. Drinking water out of plastic bottle
h. Gasoline in a car
9.By writing both empty sides of the paper, you are _____.
i. Reducing c. Recycling
j. Reusing d. Repeating

10.Which of these is a good example of reusing instead of throwing something

away?
k. Buying a new jacket when yours is too small.
l. Wearing your sister’s or brother’s old jacket.
m. Wearing two shirts instead of a jacket.
n. Going without a jacket if yours is too small
11.All of the following statements can be used in a compost pit, EXCEPT
o. Left-over fruits and vegetables
p. Meat
q. Shredded newspaper
r. Coffee grounds
12.Which of the following is an example of a heavy metal that can be found in the
oceans?
s. Mercury c. Carbon
t. Hydrogen d. Oxygen
13.Discarded water bottles and sulfur dioxide are examples of ________ and
_____________.
u. Chemical: Biological c. Physical: Chemical
v. Chemical: Physical d. Physical: Biological
14.How can a landfill be best described?
w. An area for trash disposal in which the pollutants are dumped and
treated to kill all living organisms.
x. An area for trash disposal in which the pollutants are dumped and
neutralized.
y. An area for trash disposal in which the pollutants are dumped and
covered with soil.
z. An area where agricultural products such as pesticides are safely stored.
15. Which gas is produced at landfills?
aa. Methane c. Ethanol
bb. Hexane d. Diesel
16. It is a material that is synthetic or cannot be broken down.
 cc. Non- biodegradable c. Biodegradable
dd. Rubbish d. Electrical waste
17.What is the best method for handling non-biodegradable waste like used rubber
tires?
ee. Hazardous waste disposal c. Landfills
ff. Combustion d. Recycling
18.As rainwater falls on landfills, chemical are dissolved from the waste and results
in a hazardous liquid called _______.
gg. Rubbish water c. Water
hh. Run-off d. Leachate
19.Which of these terms is used to describe the process of transforming raw
materials or by-product into new products?
ii. Recycling c. Composting
jj. Pollutant d. Upcycling
20. According to the EPA, what are the four distinguishing characteristics of
hazardous waste?
kk. Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, Toxicity
ll. Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, Digestibility
mm. Ignitability, Washability, Reactivity, Toxicity
nn. Salinity, Corrosivity, Sanitary, Toxicity

21.Which is NOT one of the three R’s of recycling?

oo. 0Reduce c. Reuse
pp. Restore d. Recycle
qq.
22.Which organisms play a huge important role in sewage disposal?
rr. Viruses c. Fungi
ss. Spores d. Bacteria
23. following statements are true about plastic waste, EXPECT;
tt. It produces toxic fumes when burnt.
uu. Can be used to make compost.
vv. It is hard to decompose.
ww. It can be recycled.

24.Why burning waste is not an acceptable practice of solid waste management?

xx. Because it requires a lot of space.
yy. Because it causes several health and environmental issues.
zz. Because it is costly.
aaa. Because it requires modern technology.

25.Which of the following waste materials can be recycled many times?

bbb. Plastic c. organic materials
ccc. Wood d. aluminum
26.Why plastics are difficult to recycle?
ddd. Because it is very hard material
eee. Because it is adhesive in nature
fff. Because it is different in size
ggg. Because of the different types of polymer raisin on it
27.How does organic material in the buried solid waste decompose?
hhh. By the action of microorganisms
iii. By the action of oxidation
jjj. By the flow of water
kkk. By the soil particles.
28.It is a process of burning municipal solid waste in a properly designed furnace
under suitable temperature and operating conditions.
lll. Recycling c. Incineration
mmm. Landfill d. Vermi-composting
29.Why are plastics dangerous to marine life?
nnn. They may ingest it and may kill them
ooo. They can get tangled and hinders their ability to swim
ppp. They use plastics as part of their habitat.
qqq. Both A and B
30.Where does majority of plastics wastes end up?
rrr. Landfills c. oceans
sss. Burned for energy d. recycled
 Lesson

1 TYPES OF WASTES

Waste is defined as unwanted materials and is regarded as substance of no use.

The types of wastes can be in a form of solid, liquid, or gaseous by-products resulting
from human biological processes, manufacturing, materials processing, consumption of
goods, or any other human activities

We generate huge amount of wastes in our day to day life. These wastes in the
surroundings put high risk on the health of the people and the environment itself. As a
student, how can you help lessen the pollution brought about by the different types of
wastes?

What’s In

The enormous negative effects of the different types of wastes in the environment
brings dilemma to the globe. In this lesson you will learn how the different types of waste
put risk to the health and the environment. You will also learn the ways on how to
reduce waste production and look for possible solutions to the problem against wastes.

Notes to the Teacher

This lesson is all about the various types of wastes that affect the
health of the people and the environment. The following suggested
activities needs to be supervised and monitored for the successful
attainment of the lesson objectives. You may modify the mechanics
of the activities based on your convenience.
 Activity 1- Cloud Me with Wastes!
1) In a one whole sheet of bondpaper make a word cloud on WASTE ; Take
this as an example:

Source: https://depositphotos.com/127978352/stock-illustration-air-pollution-word-cloud.html

Activity 2- TRASH SMASH!

Objectives:

Investigate how long does the trashes degrade in the environment.

Materials:
Worksheet
Earth Science book (or any related references)
Pen
Internet (Optional)

Procedure:
1. Accomplish the worksheet by estimating how long does it takes for the
trashes to decompose or degrade in the environment.
2. You can use an Earth science book or any related references. The use of
internet is highly encouraged.
3. Do this activity and answer the guide questions.
(Sample of the worksheet is on the next page.)
 What’s New

Activity Sheet no. 1

Name:___________________________________________ Date: _____________________

Grade and Section: _____________________________

TITLE: TRASH SMASH

Direction: Complete the second column by estimating /writing the corresponding time
for the wastes to degrade or decompose. However, you research on a science book or in
the internet on the correct actual time of decomposition of the wastes below. Write it on
the third column. Answer the guide questions below Table 1.
Table 1

Item Time Thought to Actual Time to Degrade

Degrade
Bone
Styrofoam
Apple
Plastic cup
News paper
Dead animal
Plastic Shopping bag
Battery
Diaper
Leaves
Aluminum cup

1. Were your estimates close to actual time taken for the wastes to degrade?

__________________________________________________________________________

2. What waste has the longest time to degrade? the shortest time?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. What surprised you most about the result?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
 What is It

What are the Types of Wastes?

“There is no such thing as 'away'. When we throw anything away it must go
somewhere.”

Our country has been experiencing problems in terms of waste disposal and
waste management for the longest time. Advancement in technology has given rise to
modern automation and this in turn has led to various effect to human health and
environment. The different types of sources of wastes can be determined by recognizing
its types.

TYPES OF WASTES
In general, the wastes may be classified into categories:

Figure 1. TYPES OF WASTES

Source: https://byjus.com/biology/types-of-waste/

1. Solid wastes – These are the unwanted substances that are discarded by human
society. These include urban wastes, industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, biomedical
wastes and radioactive wastes.
2. Liquid wastes – Wastes generated from washing, flushing or manufacturing
processes of industries are called liquid wastes.
3. Gaseous wastes – These are the wastes that are released in the form of gases from
automobiles, factories or burning of fossil fuels like petroleum. They get mixed in the
other gases atmosphere and occasionally cause events such as smog and acid rain.
Sources of Wastes
Generation of waste is a part and parcel of day-to-day human life. Wastes can be
generated from various sources.
This includes trash or garbage from households, schools, offices, marketplaces,
restaurants and other public places. Everyday items like food debris, used plastic bags,
soda cans and plastic water bottles, broken furniture, broken home appliances,
clothing, etc. make up the wastes generated from such sources.
A. Medical or Clinical sources of wastes
Wastes produced from health care facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, surgical theaters,
veterinary hospitals, and labs are referred to as medical/clinical waste. This includes
surgical items, pharmaceuticals, blood, body parts, wound dressing materials, needles
and syringes
B. Agricultural sources of wastes
Waste generated by agricultural activities, including horticulture, livestock breeding,
market gardens and seedling nurseries, are called agricultural wastes. Wastes generated
from this source include empty pesticide containers, old silage wrap, out of date
medicines and wormers, used tires, surplus milk, cocoa pods and corn husks.
C. Industrial Sources of Wastes
These are the wastes released from manufacturing and processing industries like
chemical plants, cement factories, power plants, textile industries, food processing
industries, petroleum industries. These industries produce different types of waste
products.
D. Wastes from Construction or Demolition
Concrete debris, wood, huge package boxes and plastics from the building materials
comprise construction waste, which is yielded as a result of the construction of roads
and building. Demolition of old buildings and structures also generate wastes and these
are called demolition waste.
E. Commercial Sources
As a result of the advancement of modem cities, industries and automobiles, wastes are
generated daily on a large scale from commercial enterprises. These may include food
items, disposable medical items, textiles and much more.
F. Mining Sources
Mining activities also generate wastes that have the potential to disturb the physical,
chemical and biological features of the land and atmosphere. The wastes include the
overburden material, mine tailings (the waste left after extracting the ore from the rock),
harmful gases released by blasting etc.
G. Radioactive Sources
Radioactive sources of wastes include nuclear reactors, mining of radioactive
substances and atomic explosions.
H. Electronic sources of waste
The DVD and music players, TV, Telephones, computers, vacuum cleaners and all the
other electrical stuff at your home, which are of no more use, are electronic wastes.
These are also called e-waste, e-scrap, or waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE). Some e-waste (like TV) contains lead, mercury and cadmium, which are
harmful to humans and the environment.

CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES

capable of corroding
mental containers, e.g. tanks

and solvents

heated.
city: waste which are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorb.

Classification of Waste
1. Biodegradable waste- can be degraded (paper,wood,fruits and others).
2. Non-biodegradable waste-cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles,old
machines,cans etc.)
3. Hazardous wastes are substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and have any of the following properties- ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity & toxicity.
4. Non-hazardous are substances safe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and do not have any of those properties mentioned
above. These substances usually create disposal problems.

What are the Impacts of Wastes on People’s Health and the Environment?
Improper solid waste management practices can have a number of environmental
and health impacts. Other sources include illegal dumps, street sweepings and litter and
rubbish from roads, open spaces and water bodies. People who live near or within
dumpsites are vulnerable to various diseases. Leachate from solid waste can contaminate
groundwater tables and surface waters. Insects and pests in open dumpsites are disease vectors.
Methane gases from dumpsites can affect the health of exposed populations and contribute to
global warming. Coastal and marine litter affects aesthetics, causes pollution, and harms marine
organisms. Improperly managed solid wastes also can result in increased flooding and
destruction of infrastructures due to clogged waterways. The World Health Organization and the
World Bank estimate that approximately 88% of diarrhea cases worldwide can be attributed to
poor water quality, sanitation, and hygiene. (See Table 1. 2). In the same manner, poor water
quality, sanitation, and hygiene cause 100% of cholera cases, 100% of helminthiasis cases, 50%
of hepatitis cases, and 50% of typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases, cholera cases, 100% of
helminthiasis cases, 50% of hepatitis cases, and 50% of typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases.

Table 1.2. Fraction of disease cases attributable to water, sanitation and hygiene.

A study made on the cost sharing framework for solid waste management in 2010 has
assumed that the proportion of the municipal population within the vicinity of open dumpsites is
the population with the highest risk of contracting diseases. If the leachate from dumpsites affect
the groundwater and domestic water supply, then the population at risk might be even greater.
Thus, the potential population at risk was estimated based on the population of potentially affected
barangays surrounding open dumpsites. Using a sample of open dumpsites, it is estimated that
an average of 27% of the municipal population might be at risk from water borne diseases due to
open dumpsites. Hence, it can be assumed to be the same proportion of diarrhea cases solely
attributable to solid waste pollution. Morbidity or illness due to acute diarrhea has economic cost
that includes costs of hospitalization, medical costs and foregone income due to reduced
workdays. There are other environmental costs associated with improperly disposed municipal
solid wastes. These include pollution of surface and marine waters that could deplete fish and
other marine resources, damages to infrastructures from worsened flooding incidence due to
clogged waterways, increased cost of dredging and coastal cleanups and loss of aesthetic value.
What are the ways to mitigate and manage wastes?
1. Avoidance, Reduction and Reuse. The most preferred option is waste avoidance and
reduction where the ultimate goal is to reduce the amount of materials entering the waste stream.
Apart from avoidance, achieving this goal involves product reuse, increased product durability,
reduced material use in production and decreased consumption. Behavioral change is deemed
necessary in the exercise of this option as lifestyle demands often favor convenience over
conservation with minimal regard for long-term environmental consequences.
2. Segregation at Source. In cases where segregation at source and segregated storage are
not practiced by households, communities and businesses, most solid wastes end up as “mixed
garbage”. This may be due to limited awareness, appreciation and discipline on the part of the
citizenry, lack of incentives and enforcement ordinances on the part of the government, or
inadequate support facilities in place to receive pre-segregated materials. To address this
problem, some LGUs provide segregated waste containers and implement color codes to aid in
the easy identification of segregated bins.
3. Segregated Collection. Collection is the act of removing solid waste from the source or from
a communal storage point. It is regarded as potentially the most expensive of the functional
elements of Solid Waste Management. Waste collection techniques include 1) door-to door –
where waste materials are collected in every house within a target area to recover recyclables to
be sold to junkshops and biodegradables either for use as animal feeds or for composting and 2)
block or communal – which utilizes MRFs in barangays that are within or near the targeted
collection area. This process separates the biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes.
4. Recycling. This is vital in reducing waste by processing raw materials into a more usable
product. Recycling saves the environment by reducing gas pollutants that may contribute to the
climate change. Recycling can also reduce landfill and can generate money as well.
5. Composting. It is an aerobic method (meaning that it requires the presence of air) of
decomposing organic solid wastes. It can therefore be used to recycle organic material. The
process involves decomposition of organic material into a humus-like material, known as
compost, which is a good fertilizer for plants.
6. No Single-Use Plastic Policy. Single-use plastics have been in the spotlight for the past years
because of its impact on our environment. It pollutes throughout its lifecycle beginning from
extraction, refining, and ending in their disposal in the oceans and waterways, soil, and in the air
we breathe through burning or incineration. In fact, it does not only impact our environment but
also our health, livelihoods, food and wildlife. Further, plastics do not biodegrade. Instead they
slowly break down into smaller pieces of plastic called microplastics.
Source:https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Solid-Waste-Management-Updates-as-
of-December-2019.pdf
 What’s More

Activity 3.1. Scavenging

Activity Sheet No. 2

Name:_________________________________________ Date: _____________________
Grade and Section: _____________________________
Direction: Fix the mixed words into a correct one. Tell the meaning of the scrambles words below.

SCAVENGING

After doing “scavenging for information”, let us try to check how much of the
information presented were retained and understood by you. In your student worksheet,
construct a simple diagram showing the relationship between information that you were
able to list down from your reading. After making your diagram, answer the following guide
questions.

Q1. Using your own words, how will you define waste?
Q2. Can you give other common examples for each category under
classification and kinds of waste?
Q3. Can you enumerate examples of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes generated
by people (common in your house and community)?
Activity 3.2 FIX ME and TELL ME

This activity will measure what you have learned so far. These are scrambled
terms about waste generation and management and write your understanding about
each terms.
Activity Sheet No. 3
Name:___________________________________________ Date:
_____________________
Grade and Section: _____________________________
Direction: Fix the mixed words into a correct one. Tell the meaning of the scrambles words below.
FIX ME and TELL ME

Ex: SEWTA: WASTE

Tell Me: It is an unwanted material and is regarded as substance of no use.
1. OUPOLLTIN: ____________________________________________
Tell Me: ______________________________________________
2. DIREHRAA : ___________________________________________
Tell Me: ______________________________________________
3. ADEROIEALDGBB: _____________________________________
Tell Me: ______________________________________________
4. WTASE EGORIENATSG: ________________________________
Tell Me: ______________________________________________
5. DLLINFLA :_____________________________________________
Tell Me: ______________________________________________
6. LDISO WSEAT: _________________________________________
Tell Me: ______________________________________________
7. OSMGPTCINO: _________________________________________
Tell Me: ______________________________________________
8. EEYCRCL: _____________________________________________
Tell Me: ______________________________________________
 What I Have Learned

Direction: To process what you learned from this lesson, try filling in the table and
answer the guide questions in a piece of paper.

Activity Sheet No. 4

Name:___________________________________________ Date: _____________________

Grade and Section: _____________________________

Title: Be Clean, Do Green, Be a Recycling Machine

Direction: Fill in the table with the needed informa4ion. Answer guide questions below.

Waste Material Source Effect to human Your ways on

health and the proper waste
environment management
Ex: Scratch papers Home, school, Increased Recycle: Make paper
industries garbage/pollutant in bags etc.
the environment.
1. Aluminum can
2. Used oil
3. Leaves
4. Egg Shell
5. Excess paint
6. Cellophane bag
7. Surgical Mask
8. Cigarette but
9. Unused chemical
fertilizers
10. DVD/CD tapes

Guide Questions:

1. Why is it important for these wastes to be disposed or handled properly?

2. What are the negative effects of improper waste management to human
health? To the environment?
3. As a youth in your community, how can you help mitigate waste?
 What I Have Learned

Direction: To process what you learned from this lesson, try filling in the table and answer
the guide questions in a piece of paper.

Activity Sheet No. 5

Name:___________________________________________ Date: _______________
Grade and Section: _____________________________
Title: Be Clean, Do Green, Be a Recycling Machine
Direction: Fill in the table with the needed information. Answer guide questions below.

Waste Material Source Effect to human Your ways on

health and the proper waste
environment management
Ex: Scratch papers Home, school, Increased Recycle: Make paper
industries garbage/pollutant in bags etc.
the environment.
1. Aluminum can
2. Used oil
3. Leaves
4. Egg Shell
5. Excess paint
6. Cellophane bag
7. Surgical Mask
8. Cigarette but
9. Unused chemical
fertilizers
10. DVD/CD tapes

Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important for these wastes to be disposed or handled properly?
2. What are the negative effects of improper waste management to human
health? To the environment?
3. As a youth in your community, how can you help mitigate waste?
What I Can Do

1) Make a commitment to the environment and pledge to be a

WASTEBUSTER. You can do it in a form of poster, poem, essay or a
song.
2) Make an artwork (poster or comic strip) in a long size bondpaper
highlighting the different types of wastes and its impact to the health
and environment.
Observe the following in making your artwork:
Relevance to topic
Message/content
Aesthetic/visual Impact
Cleanliness of output

3) Make a short video , jingle or rap showing/stating how to recycle

waste materials at home and upload it on your social media accounts
to encourage your friends in doing so.
 Post - Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Why it is difficult to recycle plastics?

(a) It is very hard (c) It is adhesive

(b) It comes in different sizes (d) It contains different types of polymer

resins
2. Which of the following is done on an individual level?

(a) Burning (c) Recycling

(b) Disposal (d) Source reduction

3. Why is recycled paper banned for use in food containers?

(a) Because it creates a lot of spaces (c) Because paper can be used only one
time
(b) Because it creates contamination (d) Because paper is very thick and can’t
cover the food containers
4. The organic material of the solid waste will decompose

(a) By the flow of water (c) By the action of microorganisms

(b) By the soil particles (d) By oxidation

5. Which of the following wastes are called the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)?

(a) Food wastes (c) Plastic cans

(b) Wood pieces (d) All of the above

6. The process of burning municipal solid wastes under suitable temperature and
conditions in a specific furnace is called ______.

(a) Landfill (c) Recycling

(b) Incineration (d) Vermicomposting

7. The burning of solid waste is not recommended because

(a) It is very costly (c) It requires modern technologies

(b) It requires a lot of space (d) It causes several environmental

issues
8. Which of the following is the oldest and the most common method used to dump the
solid wastes?

(a) River (c) Landfill

(b) Ocean (d) None of the above

9. The disposable wastes contain

(c) Liquids
(a) Solids
(d) All of the above
(b) Slurries

10. Wastes that are created in big factories that are mostly improperly disposed and
causes pollution.

(a) Commercial waste (c) Domestic waste

(b) Industrial waste (d) Agricultural waste

11. These are from the different household wastes collected during household activities.

(a) Commercial waste

(b) Industrial waste

(c) Domestic waste

(d) Agricultural waste

12. Find the correct statement

(a) The waste from one process becomes the input for another process

(b) All the processes related to consumption and production produce some kind of
waste

(c) There is no real waste in nature

(d) All of the above

13. Which of the following methods is better for the solid waste problem?

(a) Recycling

(b) Landfilling

(c) Both a and b

(d) None of the above

14. Which of the following statements is incorrect for plastic wastes?

(a) It is used to make compost

(b) It lasts for a longer period of time

c) Toxic fumes are produced when burnt

(d) All of the above

15. Which of the following gas is produced from landfill wastes?

(a) Biogas (c) Liquefied petroleum gas

(b) Natural gas (d) All of the above

16. Which of the following is considered as a biomedical waste?

a. leaves c. coke can
b. used syringe d. battery
17. Based on the waste management hierarchy of RA 9003, which among the steps
should be the most preferred option in waste reduction?
a. recycling c. recovery
b. reuse d. avoidance
18. Which of the following is an example of no single-use plastics?
a. use of plastic straw c. use of banana leaf as food plate
b. use of cling wrap for foods d. use of non-biodegradable bags
19. Automobiles, factories, and burning of fuels are example;
a. solid wastes c. liquid wastes
b. gaseous wastes d. biomedical wastes
20. One of the characteristics of waste is its ignitability, this means;
a. waste that is capable of corroding
b. waste that can create fire
c. waste that are harmful when ingested
d. waste that are unstable and can cause explosion
21. All are diseases caused by improper waste management EXCEPT;
a. diarrhea c. Hepatitis A
b. diabetes d. cholera
22. Why is recycling important?
a. It saves energy.
b. It helps the environment free from pollution.
c. It can reduce number of landfills.
d. All of the above.
23. All are waste management activities EXCEPT;
a. recycling c. composting
b. patronizing single-use plastics d. segregation collection
24. It refers to a waste disposal site designed, constructed, operated, and
maintained for proper dumping of wastes in an area.
a. sanitary landfill c. dump truck
b. MRF d. garbage bins
25. What are the effects of improper waste management that puts high risk on the
environment?
a. marine life destruction
b. leeching
c. worsened flooding
d. all of the above
POST - ASSESSMENT PRETEST
1. d 1. d 16.a
2. d 2.d 17.d
3. b 3.d 18.d
4. c 4.a 19.a
5. d 5.c 20.a
6. b 6.b 21.d
7. d 7.a 22.c
8. c 8.a 23.b
9. d 9.a 24.b
10. b 10b 25.d
11. c 11.b 26.d
12. d 12.a 27.a
13. a 13.c 28.c
14. a 14.b 29.d
15. a 15.a 30.c
16. b
17. d
18. c
19. b
20. b
21. b
22. d
23. b
24. a
25. d
Answers Key
 References:

Books
Science in Today’s World for Senior High School: Earth and Life Science. Sia,
S.R.D. and Cortez, L.A.S. 2016 pdf
Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Earth Science. Leopoldo P. de Silva, Ph.D.,
2016 pdf

Alam, Pervez & Ahmade, K.. (2013). Impact of Solid Waste on Health and The
Environment. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Green
Economics (IJSDGE). 2. 165-168.

Internet

https://www.teachengineering.org/content/cub_/lessons/cub_environ/cub_environ_le
sson04_quiz_answers.pdf
https://4waste.com.au/rubbish-removal/5-types-waste-know/
https://www.guampedia.com/lesson-plan-where-the-waste-goes-1/
https://byjus.com/biology/types-of-waste/
https://th.boell.org/en/2020/01/20/philippines-banning-single-use-plastics-national-
level-and-strengthening-existing-laws
www.google.com/images
www.wikipedia.com
Environmental Science-G Tyler Miller
Environmental Studies-Erach Bharucha
 DISCLAIMER

This self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by Deped

SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on
DepEd’s most essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is
supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all
public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development
was observed in the production of this module, This is version 1.0 We
highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

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