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Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
&
IONIC EQUILIBRIUM
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EXERCISE-1
1
1. At 444º C, the equilibrium constant K for the reaction 2AB(g) A2(g) + B2(g) is .
64
The degree of dissociation of AB will be -
(A) 10% (B) 20 % (C) 30% (D) 50%
2. For the reaction 3 A(g) + B(g) 2 C(g) at a given temperature , Kc = 9.0 . What
must be the volume of the flask, if a mixture of 2.0 mol each of A , B and C exist
in equilibrium?
(A) 6L (B) 9L (C) 36 L (D) None of these
K
3. for the gaseous reaction –
IA
P
K C
D
would be respectively -
5. N2O4 dissociates as N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) at 273 K and 2 atm pressure. The equilibrium
mixture has a density of 41. What will be the degree of dissociation -
(A) 14.2% (B) 16.2% (C) 12.2% (D) None
6. According to Le Chatelier principle, an increase in the temperature of the following
reaction will
N2 + O2 2NO – 43200 cal
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7. When the equilibrium : 2 NH3 N2 + 3H2 has been established, NH3 is found
to be 20% dissociated. The ratio of total number of moles at equilibrium to the moles of
NH3 at equilibrium is –
IA
PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2
D
1
(A) 21 (B) (C) 21 (D) 2 . 1
2
(A) Low temperature and low pressure (B) High temperature and low pressure
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(C) High temperature and high pressure (D) Low temperature and high pressure
O
11. On adding inert gas to the equilibrium PCI5(g) PCI3(g) + CI2(g) at constant
pressure. The degree of dissociation will remain –
O
12. The equilibrium constant for a reaction N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g) is 4 × 10–4 at 2000
K. In the presence of catalyst, the equilibrium is attained 10 times faster. The equilibrium
constant in the presence of catalyst, at 2000 K is–
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14. The reaction in which the yield of the products cannot be increased by the application of
high pressure is –
(A) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) PCl5 (g) (B) N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g)
(C) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) (D) 2SO2(g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g)
partial pressures of Cl2,PCl3 and PCl5 at equilibrium are 0.1, 0.1 and 0.2 atm
respectively at 250º C. At the same temperature, in another experiment on the same
reaction, at equilibrium the partial pressures of PCl3 and andCl2 are half those in the first
experiment. The partial pressure of the PCl5 at equilibrium in the second experiment is –
IA
(C) One - eight of the first (D) One - third of the first
16. At a total equilibrium pressure of 1.0 atmosphere, the degree of dissociation of phosgene
D
is 0.2 IN
COCl2 (g) CO (g) + Cl2 (g)
Now the same equilibrium is established at the same temperature in presence of N2 gas at
a partial pressure of 0.4 atm. in a total pressure of 1.0 atm. The new degree of
dissociation, , is –
S
17. When 120 g acetic acid is reacted with 138 g ethyl alcohol, the amount of alcohol
O
consumed is 30% of its initial concentration. The number of moles of acetic acid at
equilibrium are –
ET
19. For the reaction : 2HI (g) H2(g) + I2(g); the degree of dissociation () of HI (g) is
related to equilibrium constant KP by the expression
1 2 K p 1 2K p 2K 2 K p
p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 1 2K p 1 2 K p
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20. When 1 mole H2O(g) and 1 mole CO(g) are heated at 1000ºC in a closed vessel of 5
litre, it was found that 40% of H2O react at equilibrium, according to
IA
(iii) CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) CO2(g) + 4H2(g); K3
2
K1 K1
(A) K3 = (B) K3 = 3
(C) K3 = K1K2 (D) K3 = K1 K 2
D
K 2 K 2
24. An amount of solid NH4HS is placed in a flask already containing ammonia gas at a
certain temperature and 0.50 atm pressure. Ammonium hydrogensulphide decomposes to
ET
yield NH3 and H2S gases in the flask. When the decomposition reaction reaches
equilibrium, the total pressure in the flask rises to 0.84 atm ? The equilibrium constant for
NH4HS decomposition at this temperature is –
With degree of dissociation "a", which is small compared with unity. The expression of
Kp, in terms of "a" and total pressure PT is -
3 3 3 2
a PT a a PT a
(A) PT (B) (C) PT (D)
2 3 3 2
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26. 1.0 mole of nitrogen and 3.0 moles of PCl5 are placed in 100 litre vessel heated to 227ºC.
The equilibrium pressure is 2.05 atm. Assuming ideal behaviour calculate the Kpfor the
reaction
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
(A) 0.204 atm (B) 0.303 atm (C) 0.212 atm (D) 0.395 atm
27. Equilibrium constant Kc of the above graphical study is:
B
0.5
M
0.3 A
IA
0.1
1 3 5 7
D
Time/hour
A
ET
0 D
d
31. The percentage of ammonia obtainable, if equilibrium were to be established during the
Haber process, is plotted against the operating pressure for two temperatures, 400ºC and
500ºC. Which of the following graph correctly represent the two process ?
% of NH3 at equ.
% of NH3 at equ.
40 40
400ºC 500ºC
(A) 20 500ºC (B) 20 400ºC
10 20 10 20
Pressure (atm) Pressure (atm)
% of NH3 at equ.
% of NH3 at equ.
40 40
(C) 20
(D) 20
400ºC 500ºC
500ºC 400ºC
IA
10 20 10 20
Pressure (atm) Pressure (atm)
1
32. The reaction, N2O5 (g) 2 NO2 (g) + O2 (g), is started with initial pressure of
D
2
N2O5 (g) equal to 600 torr. What fraction of N2O5 (g) decomposed when total pressure of
the system is 960 torr ?
IN
(A) 0.05 (B) 0.1 (C) 0.2 (D) 0.4
33. In a closed system : A (s) 2B (g) + 3C (g), if the partial pressure of C is doubled,
then partial pressure of B will be
S
(A) two times the original pressure (B) one half of its original value
O
1
(C) times to the original value (D) 2 2 times to the original value
2 2
O
ln Kp ln Kp
(A) (B)
1/T 1/T
ln Kp
(C) (D) ln Kp
1/T 1/T
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35. The equilibrium, SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) is attained at 298 K in a rigid container
and an inert gas, He is introduced. Which of the following is/are correct ?
(A) Concentration of SO2 (g), Cl2 (g) and SO2 Cl2 (g) remain unchanged
(B) More Cl2 (g) is formed
(C) Concentration of SO2 (g) is reduced
(D) More SO2Cl2 (g) is formed
36. At 600 K, PCl5 dissociates to 40% total pressure exerted by the mixture at equilibrium,
when Kp = 2.4 is -
(A) 12.6 atm (B) 1.26 atm (C) 0.126 atm (D) 12.6 mm
IA
37. Ammonium carbamate dissociates as NH2COONH4(s) 2NH3(g) + CO2(g). In a closed
vessel containing ammonium carbamate in equilibrium with ammonia and carbon dioxide,
ammonia is added such that partial pressure of NH3 now equals to three time the original total
pressure. The ratio of total pressure to the original pressure now is:
D
(A) 31/27 (B) 733/81 IN (C) 733/243 (D) 55/27
38. When N2O5 is heated at temp. T, it dissociates as , Kc = 2.5. At the same time N2O3
also decomposes as : N2O3 N2O + O2. If initially 4.0 moles of N2O5 are taken in 1.0
litre flask and allowed to attain equilibrium, concentration of O2 was formed to be 2.5 M.
Equilibrium concentration of N2O is
S
O
The percentage yield of the reaction against pressure is plotted at three different
temperature T1, T2, T3 as shown in the adjacent figure. Pick out the correct statement
among the following.
(A) T1> T2> T3 (B) T3> T2> T1 (C) T2> T1> T3 (D) None of these
IA
43. Equilibrium constant for the given reaction is K = 1020 at temperature 300 K
D
The equilibrium conc. of B starting with mixture of 1 mole of A and 1/3 mole/litre of B at
300 K is
IN
(A) ~ 4 ×10–11 M (B) ~ 2 ×10–10 (C) ~ 2 ×10–11 (D) ~ 10–10
INTEGER TYPE
S
44. Assume that the decomposition of HNO3 can be represented by the following equation
O
and that at a given temperature 400 K and pressure 30 atm the reaction approaches
equilibrium. At equilibrium partial pressure of HNO3 is 2 atm. Calculate KC in (mol/L)3
ET
at 400 K.
45. At a certain temperature the equilibrium constant Kc is 0.25 for the reaction
If we take 1 mole of each of the four gases in a 10 litre container, what would be
equilibrium concentration of A2(g).
46. When 1 mole of A(g) is introduced in a closed rigid 1 litre vessel maintained at constant
temperature the following equilibria are established.
A (g) B(g) + C(g) :
C (g) D(g) + B(g) :
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The pressure at equilibrium is twice the initial pressure. Calculate the value of if =
47. At certain temperature pure PCl5 (g) is found to be 25% dissociated at total pressure of
50 atm. At what total pressure it is 50% dissociated at same temperature.
If we take 1.5 mole of NO and 2 mole each of N2& O2 in 5 litre vessel, what would be
the equilibrium concentration of NO (in mole/litre)?
49. In a study of equilibrium
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g).
IA
Starting with 2 mole SO2 and 1.5 mole O2 in 5 litre flask. Equilibrium mixture required
0.4 mole KMnO4 in acidic medium. Hence KC is-
D
50. The equilibrium constant for the reaction IN
A(g) + 2B(g) C(g)
is 0.25 dm6mol–2. In a volume of 5 dm3, what amount of A must be mixed with 4 mol of
B to yield 1 mol of C at equilibrium.
S
51. The equilibrium constant KP (in atm) for the reaction is 9 at 7 atmand 300 K.
O
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EXERCISE-2
PART - A
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]
1. Change in volume of the system does not alter the number of moles in which of the
following equilibriums : [AIEEE 2002]
(1)N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) (2)PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
2. In which of the following reactions, increase in the volume at constant temperature don’t
effect the number of moles of at equilibrium : [AIEEE 2002]
IA
(1) 2NH3 N2 + 3H2 (2) C (g) + (1/2) O2 (g) CO (g)
D
3. Consider the reaction equilibrium IN 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) ;H° = – 198 kJ.
On the basis of Le Chatelier’s principle, the condition favourable for the forward reaction
is [AIEEE 2003]
(1)lowering of temperature as well as pressure
S
(2)increasing temperature as well as pressure
O
4. For the reaction equilibrium, N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) the concentrations of N2O4 and NO2 at
ET
equilibrium are 4.8 × 10 and 1.2 × 10 mol L–1 respectively. The value of Kc for the
–2 –2
6. For the reaction, CO(g) + Cl2 (g) COCl2 (g) then Kp /Kc is equal to :[AIEEE 2004]
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7. The equilibrium constant for the reaction,N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO(g) at temperature T is
1 1
4 × 10–4 . The value of Kc for the reaction, NO(g) N2 (g) + O2 (g) at the same
2 2
temperature is
(1) 2.5 × 102 (2) 0.02 (3) 4 × 10–4 (4) 50 [AIEEE 2004]
8. For the reaction, 2NO2 (g) 2 NO(g) + O2 (g), (KC = 1.8 × 10–6 at 184°C)
(R = 0.0831 kJ/(mol.K))
When Kp and Kc are compared at 184°C it is found that [AIEEE 2005]
(1) Whether Kp is greater than, less than or equal to Kc depends upon the total gas
pressure
IA
(2) Kp = Kc
D
9. The exothermic formation of ClF3 is represented by the equation : [AIEEE 2005]
IN
Cl2 (g) + 3F2 (g) 2ClF3 (g) ;rH = – 329 J
which of the following will increase the quantity of ClF3 in an equilibrium mixture of Cl2
, F2 and ClF3.
S
10. An amount of solid NH4HS is placed in a flask already containing ammonia gas at a
certain temperature at 0.50 atm pressure. Ammonium hydrogen sulphide decomposes to
ET
yield NH3 and H2S gases in the flask. When the decomposition reaction reaches
equilibrium, the total pressure in the flask rises to 0.84 atm? The equilibrium constant for
NH4HS decomposition at this temperature is : [AIEEE 2005]
x 2x x x
(1) P (2) P (3) P (4) P
x 1 1 x x 1 1 x
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1
12. The equilibrium constant for the reaction, SO3(g) SO2(g) + O2(g)[AIEEE 2006]
2
is KC = 4.9 × 10–2. The value of KC for the reaction 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)will be
(1) 416 (2) 2.40 × 10–3 (3) 9.8 × 10–2 (4) 4.9 × 10–2
13. For the following three reactions a, b and c, equilibrium constants are given:
(A)CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g); K1
IA
(1) K2 K3 = K1 (2) K3 = K1K2 (3) K3 K23 = K12 (4) K 1 K 2 K3
D
respectively are in the ratio of 1 : 9. If the degree of dissociation of X and Z be equal then
the ratio of total pressures at these equilibrium is [AIEEE 2008]
(1)1 : 1 (2) 1 : 3
IN (3) 1 : 9 (4) 1 : 36
15. If 10–4dm3 of water is introduced into a 1.0 dm3 flask at 300 K, how many moles of water
are in the vapour phase when equilibrium is established ? [AIEEE 2010]
S
(Given :Vapour pressure of H2O at 300 K is 3170 Pa ; R= 8.314 J K–1mol–1)
O
(1) 5.56 × 10–3mol (2) 1.53 × 10–2mol (3) 4.46 × 10–2mol (4) 1.27 × 10–3mol
O
16. A vessel at 1000 K contains CO2 with a pressure of 0.5 atm. Some of the CO2 is
converted into CO on the addition of graphite. If the total pressure at equilibrium is 0.8
atm, the value of K is : [AIEEE 2011]
ET
(1) 1.8 atm (2) 3 atm (3) 0.3 atm (4) 0.18
17. The equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO (g) at temperature T is
1 1
4× 10–4. The value of Kc for the reaction NO(g) N2(g) + O2(g) at the same
2 2
temperature is: [AIEEE 2012]
–4
(1) 0.02 (2) 2.5 × 10 2
(3) 4 × 10 (4) 50.0
1
18. For the reaction, SO2(g) + O2(g) SO3(g), if Kp = KC(RT)x where the symbols have usual
2
meaning then the value of x is : (assuming ideality) [JEE MAIN 2014]
1
(1) (2) 1 (3) – 1 (4) –
2
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19. The standard Gibbs energy change at 300K for the reaction 2A B + C is 2494.2J. At
1 1
a given time, the composition of the reaction mixture is [A] = , [B] = 2 and [C] = .
2 2
The reaction proceeds in the : [R = 8.314 J/K/mol, e = 2.718] [JEE MAIN 2015]
(1)forward direction because Q < KC (2) reverse direction because Q < KC
20. The equilibrium constant at 298 K for a reaction A + B C + D is 100. If the initial
concentration of all the four species were 1M each, then equilibrium concentration of D
(in mol L–1) will be: [JEE MAIN 2016]
(1) 0.818 (2) 1.818 (3) 1.182 (4) 0.182
IA
21. Given [JEE MAIN 2017]
D
rH° = –393.5 kJ mol–1 IN
1
H2(g) + O2(g) H2O() ;
2
Based on the above thermochemical equations, the value of rH° at 298 K for the
reaction
ET
(1) + 74.8 kJ mol–1 (2) + 144.0 kJ mol–1 (3) –74.8 kJ mol–1 (4) – 144.0 kJ mol–1
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PART - B
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS [IIT-JEE ADVANCED]
1. When 3.06 g of solid NH4HS is introduced into a two litre evacuated flask at 27ºC,30%
of the solid decomposes into gaseous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide.
(i) Calculate kC&kP for the reaction at 27ºC.
(ii) What would happen to the equilibrium when more solid NH4HS is introduced into the
flask.
2. For a chemical reaction 3X(g) + Y(g) X3 Y(g), the amount of X3 Y at equilibrium is
affected by [JEE-1999]
(A)temperature and pressure (B) temperature only
IA
(C)pressure only (D) temperature, pressure and catalyst
3. For the reversible reaction, N2 (g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3 at 500°C, the value of KP is 1.44 × 10–5
when partial pressure is measured in atmospheres. The corresponding value of KC, with
D
concentration in mole litre–1, is [JEE 2000]
5 5 5 5
1 .4 4 1 0 1 .4 4 1 0 1 .4 4 1 0 1 .4 4 1 0
(A) 2
(B)
IN 2
(C) 2
(D) 2
( 0 .0 8 2 5 0 0 ) (8 .3 1 4 7 7 3 ) ( 0 .0 8 2 7 7 3 ) ( 0 .0 8 2 7 7 3 )
4. When two reactants, A & B are mixed to give products C & D, the reaction quotient Q, at
the initial stages of the reaction. [JEE-2000]
S
(A)is zero (B) decrease with time
(C) is independent of time (D) increases with time
O
5. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant (KP) for the decomposition reaction
O
2
(4 x P )
N2O4 2NO2 is expressed by KP= 2
, where P = pressure, x = extent of
(1 x )
ET
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energy per mole of the gaseous species measured at that partial pressure.
(C) Addition of catalyst does not change Kp but changes H.
(D) At 400 K addition of catalyst will increase forward reaction by 2 times while
reverse reaction rate will be changed by 1.7 times.
IA
8. The value of log10K for a reaction A B is :
D
2.303 x 8.314 x 298 = 5705) [JEE 2007]
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 95 (D) 100
9.
IN
Statement-1 :For every chemical reaction at equilibrium, standard Gibbs energy of
reaction is zero.
Statement-2 :At constant temperature and pressure, chemical reactions are spontaneous in
the direction of decreasing Gibbs energy. [JEE 2008]
S
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
O
Comprehension
Paragraph for (12-13)
Thermal decomposition of gaseous X2 to gaseous X at 298 K takes place according to the
following equation : [JEE 2016]
X2(g) 2X(g)
IA
The standard reaction Gibbs energy, fG°, of this reaction is positive. At the start of the
reaction, there is one mole of X2 and no X. As the reaction proceeds, the number of moles
of X formed is given by . Thus, equilibrium is the number of moles of X formed at
D
equilibrium. The reaction is carried out at a constant total pressure of 2 bar. Consider the
gases to behave ideally.
(Given : R = 0.083 L bar K–1mol–1)
IN
12. The equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction at 298 K, in terms of equilibrium, is
2 2 2 2
8 e q u ilib riu m 8 e q u ilib riu m 4 e q u ilib riu m 4 e q u ilib riu m
(A) (B) (C) (D)
S
2 e q u ilib riu m 2
4 e q u ilib riu m 2 e q u ilib riu m 2
4 e q u ilib riu m
O
13. The INCORRECT statement among the following, for this reaction, is
(A) Decrease in the total pressure will result in formation of more moles of gaseous X
O
(B) At the start of the reaction, dissociation of gaseous X2 takes place spontaneously
ET
(C)equilibrium = 0.7
(D) KC< 1
Numerical Value
14. For the following reaction, the equilibrium constant Kc at 298 K is 1.6 × 1017.
Fe2+(aq) + S2–(aq) FeS(s) [JEE 2019]
When equal volumes of 0.06 M Fe2+(aq) and 0.2 M S2–(aq) solutions are mixed, the
equilibrium concentration of Fe2+(aq) is found to be Y × 10–17 M. The value of Y is –––––
–––
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EXERCISE-1
1. The dissociation constant of acetic acid at a given temperature is 1.69 × 10–5. The degree of dissociation of 0.01 M
acetic acid in the presence of 0.01 M HCl is equal to
(A) 0.41 (B) 0.13 (C) 1.69 × 10–3 (D) 0.013.
2. The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 100 ml of 0.2 M CH3COOH with 100 ml of 0.2 M NaOH would be :
(pKa for CH3COOH = 4.74)
(A) 4.74 (B) 8.87 (C) 9.10 (D) 8.57
3. pH of 0.1M Na2HPO4 and 0.2M NaH2PO4 are respectively : pKa for H3PO4 are 2.2, 7.2 and 12.0.
(A) 4.7, 9.6 (B) 9.6, 4.7 (C) 4.7, 5.6 (D) 5.6, 4.7
4. pH for the solution of salt undergoing anionic hydrolysis (say CH3COONa) is given by:
(A) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKa + logC] (B) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKa – logC]
(C) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKb – logC] (D) None of these
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5. The ratio of dissociation constant of two weak acids HA and HB is 4. At what moar concentration ratio, the two acids
will have same pH in separate solutions:
(A) 2 (B) 0.5 (C) 4 (D) 0.25
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6. 10 mL, of a strong acid solution of pH = 2.000 are mixed with 990 mL of another strong acid solution of pH = 4.000.
The pH of the resulting solution will be:
(A) 4.002 (B) 4.000 (C) 4.200 (D) 3.7
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7. When 0.1 mole solid NaOH is added in 1lt of 0.1M NH3(aq) then which statement is going to wrong?
(Kb = 2 × 10–5, log 2 = 0.3)
(A) degree of dissociation of NH3 approaches to zero.
(B) change in pH would be 1.85
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(C) conc of [Na+] = 0.1M, [NH3] = 0.1M, [OH–] = 0.2M
(D) on addition of OH–, Kb of NH3 does not changes.
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8. Ka for formic acid and acetic acid are 2.1 × 10–4 and 1.1 × 10–5 respectively. The relative strenth of acids is:
(A) 19 : 1 (B) 2.3 : 1 (C) 1 : 2.1 (D) 4.37 : 1
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9. Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is x, the volume of 1 M NaOH added to 100 mL of this solution if change the pH
by 1 is
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(C) 0.1 M acetic acid solution is titrated against 0.1 M NaOH solution. The difference in pH between 1/4 and
3/4 stages of neutralization of acid will be 2 log 3.
(A) a & c (B) b & c (C) a, b & c (D) b only
13. If 50 ml of 0.2 M KOH is added to 40 ml of 0.5 M HCOOH. the pH of the resulting solution is:
(Ka = 1.8 × 10–4, log 18 = 1.26)
(A) 3.74 (B) 5.64 (C) 7.57 (D) 3.42
14. Which of the following solutions would have same pH?
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(A) 100 ml of 0.2 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.4 M NH3 (B) 50 ml of 0.1 M HCl + 50 ml of 0.2 M NH3
(C) 100 ml of 0.3 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.6 M NH3 (D) All will have same pH.
15. 100 mL of 0.02 M benzoic acid (pKa = 4.2) is titrated using 0.02 M NaOH. pH after 50 mL and 100 mL of NaOH have
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been added are
(A) 3.50, 7 (B) 4.2, 7 IN (C) 4.2, 8.1 (D) 4.2, 8.25
16. Aniline behaves as a weak base. When 0.1 M, 50 ml solution of aniline was mixed with 0.1 M, 25 ml solution of HCl
the pH of resulting solution was 8. Then the pH of 0.01 M solution of aniliniumchloride will be
(Kw = 10–14)
(A) 6 (B) 6.5 (C) 5 (D) 5.5
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17. To prepare a buffer of pH 8.26 amount of (NH4)2 SO4 to be added to 500 mL of 0.01 M NH4OH solution
[pKa (NH4+) = 9.26] is
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(A) 0.05 mole (B) 0.025 mole (C) 0.10 mole (D) 0.005 mole
18. An acid-base indicator which is a weak acid has a pKIn value = 5.45. At what cocentration ratio of sodium acetate to
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acetic acid would the indicator show a colour half-way between those of its acid and conjugate base forms? [pKa
of acetic acid = 4.75, log 2 = 0.3]
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 6 : 1 (C) 5 : 1 (D) 3 : 1
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19. What will be the pH at the equivalence point during the titration of a 100 mL 0.2 M solution of CH3COONa with
0.2 M solution of HCl ? Ka = 2 × 10–5.
(A) 3 – log 2 (B) 3 + log 2 (C) 3 – log 2 (D) 3 + log 2
20. A weak acid (HA) after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base (BOH) has a pH of 5. At the end point, the volume
of same base required is 27 mL. Ka of acid is (log2 = 0.3)
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8 × 10–5
21. A buffer solution contains 1 mole of (NH4)2SO4 and 1 mole of NH4OH (Kb = 10–5). The pH of solution will be :
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 5.3 (D) 8.7
22. A solution is a mixture of 0.05 M KCl and 0.05 M NaI. The concentration of I— in the solution when AgCl just starts
to precipitate is equal to: (KSPAgCl = 10–10 M2; KSPAgI = 4 × 10–16 M2)
(A) 4 × 10–6 M (B) 2 × 10–8 M (C) 2 × 10–7 M (D) 8 × 10–15 M
23. A solution of Na2CO3 is added drop by drop to litre of a solution containing 10–4 mole of Ba2+ and 10–5 mole of Ag+,
if KSP for BaCO3 is 8.1 × 10–9 and KSP for Ag2CO3 is 6.9 × 10–12 then which is not true:
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(A) No precipitate of BaCO3 will appear until [ CO 23 ] reaches 8.1 × 10–5 mol per litre
(B) A precipitate of Ag2CO3 will appear when [ CO 23 ] reaches 6.9 × 10–5 mol litre–1
(C) No precipitate of Ag2CO3 will appear until [ CO 23 ] reaches 6.9 × 10–2 mole per litre
(D) BaCO3 will be precipitated first
24. The solubility of PbCl2 in water is 0.01 M 25oC. Its maximum concentration in 0.1 M NaCl will be:
(A) 2 × 10–3 M (B) 1 × 10–4 M (C) 1.6 × 10–2 M (D) 4 × 10–4 M
25. The volume of the water needed to dissolve 1 g of BaSO4 (KSP = 1.1 × 10–10) at 25oC is:
(A) 280 litre (B) 410 litre (C) 205 litre (D) None of these
26. M(OH)x has KSP 4 × 10–12 and solubility 10–4 M. The value of x is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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27. Which statement is/are correct:
(A) All Bronsted bases are also Lewis bases (B) All Bronsted acids are not Lewis acids
(C) All cations are acids and anions are bases (D) All of these
28. The pH of an acidic buffer mixture is:
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(A) > 7 (B) < 7 (C) = 7 (D) Depends upon Ka of acid
29. From separate solutions of for sodium salts NaW, NaX, NaY and NaZ has pH 7.0, 9.0 10.0 and 11.0 respectively.
IN
When each solution was 0.1 M, the strongest acid is:
(A) HW (B) HX (C) HY (D) HZ
30. pH of a mixture containing 0.10 M X– and 0.20 M HX is: [pKb (X–) = 4]
(A) 4 + log 2 (B) 4 – log 2 (C) 10 + log 2 (D) 10 – log 2
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31. Solution of aniline hydrochloride is X due to hydrolysis of Y. X and Y are :
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(A) Basic, C6H5 NH3 (B) Acidic, C6H5 NH3 (C) Basic, CI– (D) Acidic, CI–
32. Strong acids are generally used as standard solution in acid-base titrations because:
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(A) The pH at equivalence point will be 7 (B) They titrate both strong and weak base
(C) They form more stable solutions than weak acids (D) The salts of strong acids do not hydrolyse
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33. The pKa of acetylasliclic acid (aspirin) is 3.5. The pH of gastric juice in human stomach is about 2-3 and the pH in the
small intestine is about 8. Aspirin will be:
(A) Unionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(B) Completely ionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(C)Ionised in the stomach and almost unisonised in the small intestine
(D) Ionised in the small intestine and almost unionized in the stomach
34. Fear or excitement, generally cause one to breathe rapidly and it results in the decrease of concentration of CO2 in
blood. In what way it will change pH of blood.
(A) pH will increase (B) pH will decrease (C) No change (D) pH will be 7
35. The composition of an acidic buffer mixture made up of HA and NaA of total molarity 0.29 having pH = 4.4 and
Ka = 1.8 × 10–5 in terms of concentration of salt and acid respectively is :
(A) 0.09 M and 0.20 M (B) 0.20 M and 0.09 (C) 0.1 M and 0.19 M (D) 0.19 M and 010 M
36. A weak acid HA after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base BOH has a pH of 5. At the end point the volume of
same base required is 26.6 mL . Calculate Ka of acid is :
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8.22 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8.2 × 10–5
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37. In which of the following combinations, is buffer action expected?
1. NH3 + NH4Cl in 1 : 1 mole ratio 2. HCl + NaCl in 1 : 1 mole ratio
3. NH3 + HCl in 2 : 1 mole ratio
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
–
38. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of X and HX. The Kb for X– is 10–10. The pH of the buffer is:
(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 10 (D) 14
39. 50 mL of 2N acetic acid mixed with 10 mL of 1N sodium acetate solution will have an approximate pH of
(Ka = 10–5)
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
40. The solubility of CaF2 (Ksp = 3.4 × 10–11) in 0.1 M solution of NaF would be
(A) 3.4 × 10–12 M (B) 3.4 × 10–10 M (C) 3.4 × 10–9 M (D) 3.4 × 10–13 M.
41. The solubility of Ag2CO3 in water at 250C is 1 × 104 mole/litre. What is its solubility in 0.01 M Na2CO3 solution?
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Assume no hydrolysis of CO32 ion.
(A) 6 × 106 mole/litre (B) 4 × 105 mole/litre (C) 105 mole /litre (D) 2 × 105 mole/litre
42. In a saturated solution of Ag2CO3, silver ion concentration is 2 × 10–4 M. Its solubility product is
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(A) 4 × 10–12 (B) 3.2 × 10–11 (C) 8 × 10–12 (D) 10–12
43. Let the solubilities of AgCl in pure water, 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.01 M NaCl & 0.05 M AgNO3 be s1, s2, s3 & s4 respectively
what is the correct order of these quantities . Neglect any complexation.
(A) s1 > s2 > s3 > s4
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(B) s1 > s2 = s3 > s4 (C) s1 > s3 > s2 > s4 (D) s4 > s2 > s3 > s1
44. The solubility product of BaCrO4 is 2.4 × 10–10 M2. The maximum concentration of Ba(NO3)2 possible without
precipitation in a 6 × 10–4 M K2CrO4 solution is
(A) 4 × 10–7 M (B) 1.2 × 1010 M (C) 6 × 10–4 M (D) 3 × 10–4 M.
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45. What is the solubility of Al(OH)3, (Ksp = 1 × 10–33) in a buffer solution pH = 4 ?
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(A) 0.1 M NaOH (B) 0.1 M HCl (C) 0.1 M KOH (D) 0.1 M H2SO4.
47. The best explanation for the solubility of MnS in dilute HCl is that :
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(molecular weight of AgCl = 143.5).
(A) 10 lt. (B) 2.2 lt. (C) 1.2 lt. (D) 20 lt.
55. 0.1 millimole of CdSO4 are present in 10 mL acid solution of 0.08 N HCl. Now H2S is passed to precipitate all the Cd2+
ions. The pH of the solution after filtering off precipitate, boiling off H2S and making the solution 100 mL by adding
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H2O is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
56.
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A well is dug in a bed of rock containing fluorspar (CaF2). If the well contains 20000 L of water, what is the amount
of F– in it ? Ksp = 4 × 10–11 (101/3 = 2.15)
(A) 4.3 mol (B) 6.8 mol (C) 8.6 mol (D) 13.6 mol
57. When different types of salts have nearly same solubility product constant KSP which are less than one. The most
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soluble salt is that.
(A) Which produces maximum number of ions (B) Which produces minimum number of ions
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EXERCISE-2
PART-1
[PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS AIEEE/JEE MAIN]
1. The conjugate base of H2PO4– is [AIEEE-2004]
(1) PO43– (2) P2O5 (3) H3PO4 (4) HPO4 2–
2. The molar solubility (in mol L–1) of a sparingly soluble salt MX4 is s. The corresponding solubility product is Ksp.. s
is given in terms of Ksp by the relation [AIEEE-2004]
(1) s = (Ksp/128)1/4 (2) s = (128Ksp)1/4 (3) s = (256Ksp)1/5 (4) s = (Ksp/256)1/5
3. The solubility product of a salt having general formula MX2, in water is : 4 × 10–12. The concentration of M2+ ions in
the saturated aqueous solution of the salt is : [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 2.0 × 10–6 M (2) 1.0 × 10–4 M (3) 1.6 × 10–4 M (4) 4.0 × 10–10 M
4. What is the conjugate base of OH– ? [AIEEE-2005]
(1) O2 (2) H2O (3) O– (4) O2–
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5. Hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L in a solution of pH = 5.4 will be [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 3.98 × 108 (2) 3.88 × 106 (3) 3.68 × 10–6 (4) 3.98 × 10 –6
6. The first and second dissociation constants of an acid H2A are 1.0 × 10–5 and 5.0 × 10–10 respectively. The overall
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dissociation constant of the acid will be [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 5.0 × 10–15 (2) 0.2 × 105 (3) 5.0 × 10–5 (4) 5.0 × 1015
7.
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The pKa of a weak acid (HA) is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffered solution of HA, in which 50% of the acid is
ionized, is : [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 9.5 (2) 7.0 (3) 4.5 (4) 2.5
8. In a saturated solution of the sparingly soluble strong electrolyte AgIO3 (Molecular mass = 283) the equilibrium
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which sets in is AgIO3(s) Ag+(aq) + O–3(aq)
If the solubility product constant Ksp of AgO3 at a given temperature is 1.0 × 10–8, what is the mass of AgO3
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9. The pKa of a weak acid, HA, is 4.80. The pKb of a weak base, BOH, is 4.78. The pH of an aqueous solution of the
corresponding salt, BA, will be [AIEEE-2008]
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14. In aqueous solution the ionization constants for carbonic acid are [AIEEE-2010]
K1 = 4.2 × 10–7 and K2 = 4.8 × 10–11
Select the correct statement for a saturated 0.034 M solution of the carbonic acid.
(1) The concentration of CO32– is 0.034 M.
(2) The concentration of CO32– is greater than that of HCO3–.
(3) The concentration of H+ and HCO3– are approximately equal.
(4) The concentration of H+ is double that of CO32–.
15. How many litres of water must be added to 1 litre an aqueous solution of HCl with a pH of 1 to create an aqueous
solution with pH of 2 ? [JEE(Main) 2013]
(1) 0.1 L (2) 0.9 L (3) 2.0 L (4) 9.0 L
16. Which of the following salts is the most basic in aqueous solution ? [JEE(Main) 2018]
(1) CH3 COOK (2) FeCl3 (3) Pb (CH3 COO)2 (4) Al (CN)3
17. An aqueous solution contains 0.10 M H2S and 0.20 M HCl. If the equilibrium constants for the formation of HS– from
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H2S is 1.0 × 10–7 and that of S2– from HS– ions is 1.2 ×10–13 then the concentration of S2– ions in aqueous solution is:
[JEE(Main) 2018]
(1) 3 × 10–20 (2) 6 × 10–21 (3) 5 × 10–19 (4) 5 × 10–8
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PART-2
[PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS IIT-JEE ADVANCED]
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1. A weak acid HX has the dissociation constant 1 × 10–5 M. It forms a salt NaX on reaction with alkali. The percentage
hydrolysis of 0.1 M solution of NaX is : [JEE-2004]
(A) 0.0001% (B) 0.01 % (C) 0.1 % (D) 0.15 %
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2. 0.1 M NaOH is titrated with 0.1 M HA till the end point; Ka for HA is 5.6 × 10–6 and degree of hydrolysis is less
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concentration in the solution? What will be the H+ concentration in the solution? [JEE-2005]
–2 –11 –11 –5
(A) 8 × 10 M (B) 8 × 10 M (C) 1.6 × 10 M (D) 8 × 10 M
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2 2
4. 2.5 mL of M weak monoacidic base (Kb = 1 x 10–12 at 25° C) is titrated with M HCl in water at 25°C. The
5 15
concentration of H+ at equivalence point is (Kw = 1 x 10–14 at 25°C) [JEE-2008]
(A) 3.7 x 10–14 M (B) 3.2 x 10–7 M (C) 3.2 x 10–2 M (D) 2.7 x 10–2 M
5. Solubility product constant (Ksp) of salts of types MX, MX2 and M3X at temperature T are 4.0 × 10–8, 3.2 × 10–14 and
2.7 × 10–15, respectively. Solubilities (mol dm–3) of the salts at temperature T are in the order: [JEE-2008]
(A) MX > MX2 > M3X (B) M3X > MX2 > MX
(C) MX2 > M3X > MX (D) MX > M3X > MX2
6. The dissociation constant of a substituted benzoic acid at 25ºC is 1.0 × 10–4 . The pH of 0.01 M solution of its sodium
salt is [JEE-2009]
7. Amongst the following, the total number of compounds whose aqueous solution turns red litmus paper blue is :
[JEE-2010]
KCN K2SO4 (NH4)2C2O4 NaCl Zn(NO3)2
FeCl3 K2CO3 NH4NO3 LiCN
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8. Aqueous solutions of HNO3, KOH, CH3COOH, and CH3COONa of identical concentrations are provided. The pair
(s) of solutions which form a buffer upon mixing is (are) : [JEE-2010]
(A) HNO3 and CH3COOH (B) KOH and CH3COONa
(C) HNO3 and CH3COONa (D) CH3COOH and CH3COONa
9. In 1 L saturated solution of AgCl [Ksp(AgCl) = 1.6 × 10–10], 0.1 mol of CuCl [Ksp(CuCl) = 1.0 × 10–6] is added. The
resultant concentation of Ag+ in the solution is 1.6 × 10–x. The value of "x" is : [JEE-2011]
10. The initial rate of hydrolysis of methyl acetate (1M) by a weak acid (HA, 1M) is 1/100th of that of a strong acid (HX,
1M), at 25C. The Ka of HA is : [JEE(Advanced) -2013]
(A) 1 10–4 (B) 1 10–5 (C) 1 10–6 (D) 1 10–3
11. MX2 dissociates into M2+ and X– ions in an aqueous solution, with a degree of dissociation () of 0.5. The ratio of
the observed depression of freezing point of the aqueous solution to the value of the depression of freezing point
in the absence of ionic dissociation is [JEE(Advanced) -2014]
12. The correct statement(s) about the oxoacids, HClO4 and HClO, is(are) [JEE(Advanced) -2017]
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(A) The central atom in both HClO4 and HClO is sp3 hybridized
(B) HClO4 is formed in the reaction between Cl2 and H2O
(C) The conjugate base of HClO4 is weaker base than H2O
(D) HClO4 is more acidic than HClO because of the resonance stabilization of its anion
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13. The solubility of a salt of weak acid (AB) at pH 3 is Y mol L-1. The value of Y is ____.
(Given that the value of solubility product of AB(Ksp) = 2 and the value of ionization constant of HB
(Ka) = 1 10–8)
IN [JEE(Advanced) -2018]
14. Dilution processes of different aqueous solutions, with water, are given in LIST-I. The effects of dilution of the
solution on [H+] are given in LIST-II.
(Note : degree of dissociation () of weak acid and weak base is <<1; degree of hydrolysis of salt <<1; [H+]
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represents the concentration of H+ ions) [JEE(Advanced) -2018]
LIST - I LIST-II
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(P) (10 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 20 mL of 0.1 M acetic (1) The value of [H+] does not change on dilution
acid) diluted to 60 mL
(Q) (20 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 20 mL of 0.1 M acetic (2) The value of [H+] changes to held of its initial value
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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
EXERCISE - 2 : PART # 1
1. 4 2. 4 3. 2 4. 4 5. 4 6. 1 7. 1 8. 4 9. 2
10. 1 11. 2 12. 2 13. 1 14. 3 15. 4 16. 1 17. 1
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PART # 2
1. B 2.8.98 9 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. 8 7. 3 8. C, D 9. 7 10. A 11. 2
D
12. A, C, D 13. 4.47×10–3 14. D
IN
S
O
O
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EXERCISE-1
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. A
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37. C 38. D 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. A
D
43. A
INTEGER TYPE
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44. 32 45. 0.13 46. 4 47. 10 atm 48. 0.1M
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49. 5 50. 26 51. 40 52. 41.66
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PART-A
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2. 1 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. D
10. B,C,D 11. A,B,C 12. B 13.C 14.8.92 or 8.93
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EXERCISE-1
1. The dissociation constant of acetic acid at a given temperature is 1.69 × 10–5. The degree of dissociation of 0.01 M
acetic acid in the presence of 0.01 M HCl is equal to
(A) 0.41 (B) 0.13 (C) 1.69 × 10–3 (D) 0.013.
2. The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 100 ml of 0.2 M CH3COOH with 100 ml of 0.2 M NaOH would be :
(pKa for CH3COOH = 4.74)
(A) 4.74 (B) 8.87 (C) 9.10 (D) 8.57
3. pH of 0.1M Na2HPO4 and 0.2M NaH2PO4 are respectively : pKa for H3PO4 are 2.2, 7.2 and 12.0.
(A) 4.7, 9.6 (B) 9.6, 4.7 (C) 4.7, 5.6 (D) 5.6, 4.7
4. pH for the solution of salt undergoing anionic hydrolysis (say CH3COONa) is given by:
(A) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKa + logC] (B) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKa – logC]
(C) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKb – logC] (D) None of these
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5. The ratio of dissociation constant of two weak acids HA and HB is 4. At what moar concentration ratio, the two acids
will have same pH in separate solutions:
(A) 2 (B) 0.5 (C) 4 (D) 0.25
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6. 10 mL, of a strong acid solution of pH = 2.000 are mixed with 990 mL of another strong acid solution of pH = 4.000.
The pH of the resulting solution will be:
(A) 4.002 (B) 4.000 (C) 4.200 (D) 3.7
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7. When 0.1 mole solid NaOH is added in 1lt of 0.1M NH3(aq) then which statement is going to wrong?
(Kb = 2 × 10–5, log 2 = 0.3)
(A) degree of dissociation of NH3 approaches to zero.
(B) change in pH would be 1.85
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(C) conc of [Na+] = 0.1M, [NH3] = 0.1M, [OH–] = 0.2M
(D) on addition of OH–, Kb of NH3 does not changes.
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8. Ka for formic acid and acetic acid are 2.1 × 10–4 and 1.1 × 10–5 respectively. The relative strenth of acids is:
(A) 19 : 1 (B) 2.3 : 1 (C) 1 : 2.1 (D) 4.37 : 1
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9. Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is x, the volume of 1 M NaOH added to 100 mL of this solution if change the pH
by 1 is
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(C) 0.1 M acetic acid solution is titrated against 0.1 M NaOH solution. The difference in pH between 1/4 and
3/4 stages of neutralization of acid will be 2 log 3.
(A) a & c (B) b & c (C) a, b & c (D) b only
13. If 50 ml of 0.2 M KOH is added to 40 ml of 0.5 M HCOOH. the pH of the resulting solution is:
(Ka = 1.8 × 10–4, log 18 = 1.26)
(A) 3.74 (B) 5.64 (C) 7.57 (D) 3.42
14. Which of the following solutions would have same pH?
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(A) 100 ml of 0.2 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.4 M NH3 (B) 50 ml of 0.1 M HCl + 50 ml of 0.2 M NH3
(C) 100 ml of 0.3 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.6 M NH3 (D) All will have same pH.
15. 100 mL of 0.02 M benzoic acid (pKa = 4.2) is titrated using 0.02 M NaOH. pH after 50 mL and 100 mL of NaOH have
D
been added are
(A) 3.50, 7 (B) 4.2, 7 IN (C) 4.2, 8.1 (D) 4.2, 8.25
16. Aniline behaves as a weak base. When 0.1 M, 50 ml solution of aniline was mixed with 0.1 M, 25 ml solution of HCl
the pH of resulting solution was 8. Then the pH of 0.01 M solution of aniliniumchloride will be
(Kw = 10–14)
(A) 6 (B) 6.5 (C) 5 (D) 5.5
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17. To prepare a buffer of pH 8.26 amount of (NH4)2 SO4 to be added to 500 mL of 0.01 M NH4OH solution
[pKa (NH4+) = 9.26] is
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(A) 0.05 mole (B) 0.025 mole (C) 0.10 mole (D) 0.005 mole
18. An acid-base indicator which is a weak acid has a pKIn value = 5.45. At what cocentration ratio of sodium acetate to
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acetic acid would the indicator show a colour half-way between those of its acid and conjugate base forms? [pKa
of acetic acid = 4.75, log 2 = 0.3]
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 6 : 1 (C) 5 : 1 (D) 3 : 1
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19. What will be the pH at the equivalence point during the titration of a 100 mL 0.2 M solution of CH3COONa with
0.2 M solution of HCl ? Ka = 2 × 10–5.
(A) 3 – log 2 (B) 3 + log 2 (C) 3 – log 2 (D) 3 + log 2
20. A weak acid (HA) after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base (BOH) has a pH of 5. At the end point, the volume
of same base required is 27 mL. Ka of acid is (log2 = 0.3)
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8 × 10–5
21. A buffer solution contains 1 mole of (NH4)2SO4 and 1 mole of NH4OH (Kb = 10–5). The pH of solution will be :
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 5.3 (D) 8.7
22. A solution is a mixture of 0.05 M KCl and 0.05 M NaI. The concentration of I— in the solution when AgCl just starts
to precipitate is equal to: (KSPAgCl = 10–10 M2; KSPAgI = 4 × 10–16 M2)
(A) 4 × 10–6 M (B) 2 × 10–8 M (C) 2 × 10–7 M (D) 8 × 10–15 M
23. A solution of Na2CO3 is added drop by drop to litre of a solution containing 10–4 mole of Ba2+ and 10–5 mole of Ag+,
if KSP for BaCO3 is 8.1 × 10–9 and KSP for Ag2CO3 is 6.9 × 10–12 then which is not true:
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(A) No precipitate of BaCO3 will appear until [ CO 23 ] reaches 8.1 × 10–5 mol per litre
(B) A precipitate of Ag2CO3 will appear when [ CO 23 ] reaches 6.9 × 10–5 mol litre–1
(C) No precipitate of Ag2CO3 will appear until [ CO 23 ] reaches 6.9 × 10–2 mole per litre
(D) BaCO3 will be precipitated first
24. The solubility of PbCl2 in water is 0.01 M 25oC. Its maximum concentration in 0.1 M NaCl will be:
(A) 2 × 10–3 M (B) 1 × 10–4 M (C) 1.6 × 10–2 M (D) 4 × 10–4 M
25. The volume of the water needed to dissolve 1 g of BaSO4 (KSP = 1.1 × 10–10) at 25oC is:
(A) 280 litre (B) 410 litre (C) 205 litre (D) None of these
26. M(OH)x has KSP 4 × 10–12 and solubility 10–4 M. The value of x is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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27. Which statement is/are correct:
(A) All Bronsted bases are also Lewis bases (B) All Bronsted acids are not Lewis acids
(C) All cations are acids and anions are bases (D) All of these
28. The pH of an acidic buffer mixture is:
D
(A) > 7 (B) < 7 (C) = 7 (D) Depends upon Ka of acid
29. From separate solutions of for sodium salts NaW, NaX, NaY and NaZ has pH 7.0, 9.0 10.0 and 11.0 respectively.
IN
When each solution was 0.1 M, the strongest acid is:
(A) HW (B) HX (C) HY (D) HZ
30. pH of a mixture containing 0.10 M X– and 0.20 M HX is: [pKb (X–) = 4]
(A) 4 + log 2 (B) 4 – log 2 (C) 10 + log 2 (D) 10 – log 2
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31. Solution of aniline hydrochloride is X due to hydrolysis of Y. X and Y are :
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(A) Basic, C6H5 NH3 (B) Acidic, C6H5 NH3 (C) Basic, CI– (D) Acidic, CI–
32. Strong acids are generally used as standard solution in acid-base titrations because:
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(A) The pH at equivalence point will be 7 (B) They titrate both strong and weak base
(C) They form more stable solutions than weak acids (D) The salts of strong acids do not hydrolyse
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33. The pKa of acetylasliclic acid (aspirin) is 3.5. The pH of gastric juice in human stomach is about 2-3 and the pH in the
small intestine is about 8. Aspirin will be:
(A) Unionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(B) Completely ionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(C)Ionised in the stomach and almost unisonised in the small intestine
(D) Ionised in the small intestine and almost unionized in the stomach
34. Fear or excitement, generally cause one to breathe rapidly and it results in the decrease of concentration of CO2 in
blood. In what way it will change pH of blood.
(A) pH will increase (B) pH will decrease (C) No change (D) pH will be 7
35. The composition of an acidic buffer mixture made up of HA and NaA of total molarity 0.29 having pH = 4.4 and
Ka = 1.8 × 10–5 in terms of concentration of salt and acid respectively is :
(A) 0.09 M and 0.20 M (B) 0.20 M and 0.09 (C) 0.1 M and 0.19 M (D) 0.19 M and 010 M
36. A weak acid HA after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base BOH has a pH of 5. At the end point the volume of
same base required is 26.6 mL . Calculate Ka of acid is :
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8.22 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8.2 × 10–5
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37. In which of the following combinations, is buffer action expected?
1. NH3 + NH4Cl in 1 : 1 mole ratio 2. HCl + NaCl in 1 : 1 mole ratio
3. NH3 + HCl in 2 : 1 mole ratio
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
–
38. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of X and HX. The Kb for X– is 10–10. The pH of the buffer is:
(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 10 (D) 14
39. 50 mL of 2N acetic acid mixed with 10 mL of 1N sodium acetate solution will have an approximate pH of
(Ka = 10–5)
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
40. The solubility of CaF2 (Ksp = 3.4 × 10–11) in 0.1 M solution of NaF would be
(A) 3.4 × 10–12 M (B) 3.4 × 10–10 M (C) 3.4 × 10–9 M (D) 3.4 × 10–13 M.
41. The solubility of Ag2CO3 in water at 250C is 1 × 104 mole/litre. What is its solubility in 0.01 M Na2CO3 solution?
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Assume no hydrolysis of CO32 ion.
(A) 6 × 106 mole/litre (B) 4 × 105 mole/litre (C) 105 mole /litre (D) 2 × 105 mole/litre
42. In a saturated solution of Ag2CO3, silver ion concentration is 2 × 10–4 M. Its solubility product is
D
(A) 4 × 10–12 (B) 3.2 × 10–11 (C) 8 × 10–12 (D) 10–12
43. Let the solubilities of AgCl in pure water, 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.01 M NaCl & 0.05 M AgNO3 be s1, s2, s3 & s4 respectively
what is the correct order of these quantities . Neglect any complexation.
(A) s1 > s2 > s3 > s4
IN
(B) s1 > s2 = s3 > s4 (C) s1 > s3 > s2 > s4 (D) s4 > s2 > s3 > s1
44. The solubility product of BaCrO4 is 2.4 × 10–10 M2. The maximum concentration of Ba(NO3)2 possible without
precipitation in a 6 × 10–4 M K2CrO4 solution is
(A) 4 × 10–7 M (B) 1.2 × 1010 M (C) 6 × 10–4 M (D) 3 × 10–4 M.
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45. What is the solubility of Al(OH)3, (Ksp = 1 × 10–33) in a buffer solution pH = 4 ?
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(A) 0.1 M NaOH (B) 0.1 M HCl (C) 0.1 M KOH (D) 0.1 M H2SO4.
47. The best explanation for the solubility of MnS in dilute HCl is that :
ET
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(molecular weight of AgCl = 143.5).
(A) 10 lt. (B) 2.2 lt. (C) 1.2 lt. (D) 20 lt.
55. 0.1 millimole of CdSO4 are present in 10 mL acid solution of 0.08 N HCl. Now H2S is passed to precipitate all the Cd2+
ions. The pH of the solution after filtering off precipitate, boiling off H2S and making the solution 100 mL by adding
D
H2O is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
56.
IN
A well is dug in a bed of rock containing fluorspar (CaF2). If the well contains 20000 L of water, what is the amount
of F– in it ? Ksp = 4 × 10–11 (101/3 = 2.15)
(A) 4.3 mol (B) 6.8 mol (C) 8.6 mol (D) 13.6 mol
57. When different types of salts have nearly same solubility product constant KSP which are less than one. The most
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soluble salt is that.
(A) Which produces maximum number of ions (B) Which produces minimum number of ions
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EXERCISE-2
PART-1
[PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS AIEEE/JEE MAIN]
1. The conjugate base of H2PO4– is [AIEEE-2004]
(1) PO43– (2) P2O5 (3) H3PO4 (4) HPO4 2–
2. The molar solubility (in mol L–1) of a sparingly soluble salt MX4 is s. The corresponding solubility product is Ksp.. s
is given in terms of Ksp by the relation [AIEEE-2004]
(1) s = (Ksp/128)1/4 (2) s = (128Ksp)1/4 (3) s = (256Ksp)1/5 (4) s = (Ksp/256)1/5
3. The solubility product of a salt having general formula MX2, in water is : 4 × 10–12. The concentration of M2+ ions in
the saturated aqueous solution of the salt is : [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 2.0 × 10–6 M (2) 1.0 × 10–4 M (3) 1.6 × 10–4 M (4) 4.0 × 10–10 M
4. What is the conjugate base of OH– ? [AIEEE-2005]
(1) O2 (2) H2O (3) O– (4) O2–
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5. Hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L in a solution of pH = 5.4 will be [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 3.98 × 108 (2) 3.88 × 106 (3) 3.68 × 10–6 (4) 3.98 × 10 –6
6. The first and second dissociation constants of an acid H2A are 1.0 × 10–5 and 5.0 × 10–10 respectively. The overall
D
dissociation constant of the acid will be [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 5.0 × 10–15 (2) 0.2 × 105 (3) 5.0 × 10–5 (4) 5.0 × 1015
7.
IN
The pKa of a weak acid (HA) is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffered solution of HA, in which 50% of the acid is
ionized, is : [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 9.5 (2) 7.0 (3) 4.5 (4) 2.5
8. In a saturated solution of the sparingly soluble strong electrolyte AgIO3 (Molecular mass = 283) the equilibrium
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which sets in is AgIO3(s) Ag+(aq) + O–3(aq)
If the solubility product constant Ksp of AgO3 at a given temperature is 1.0 × 10–8, what is the mass of AgO3
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9. The pKa of a weak acid, HA, is 4.80. The pKb of a weak base, BOH, is 4.78. The pH of an aqueous solution of the
corresponding salt, BA, will be [AIEEE-2008]
ET
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14. In aqueous solution the ionization constants for carbonic acid are [AIEEE-2010]
K1 = 4.2 × 10–7 and K2 = 4.8 × 10–11
Select the correct statement for a saturated 0.034 M solution of the carbonic acid.
(1) The concentration of CO32– is 0.034 M.
(2) The concentration of CO32– is greater than that of HCO3–.
(3) The concentration of H+ and HCO3– are approximately equal.
(4) The concentration of H+ is double that of CO32–.
15. How many litres of water must be added to 1 litre an aqueous solution of HCl with a pH of 1 to create an aqueous
solution with pH of 2 ? [JEE(Main) 2013]
(1) 0.1 L (2) 0.9 L (3) 2.0 L (4) 9.0 L
16. Which of the following salts is the most basic in aqueous solution ? [JEE(Main) 2018]
(1) CH3 COOK (2) FeCl3 (3) Pb (CH3 COO)2 (4) Al (CN)3
17. An aqueous solution contains 0.10 M H2S and 0.20 M HCl. If the equilibrium constants for the formation of HS– from
IA
H2S is 1.0 × 10–7 and that of S2– from HS– ions is 1.2 ×10–13 then the concentration of S2– ions in aqueous solution is:
[JEE(Main) 2018]
(1) 3 × 10–20 (2) 6 × 10–21 (3) 5 × 10–19 (4) 5 × 10–8
D
PART-2
[PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS IIT-JEE ADVANCED]
IN
1. A weak acid HX has the dissociation constant 1 × 10–5 M. It forms a salt NaX on reaction with alkali. The percentage
hydrolysis of 0.1 M solution of NaX is : [JEE-2004]
(A) 0.0001% (B) 0.01 % (C) 0.1 % (D) 0.15 %
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2. 0.1 M NaOH is titrated with 0.1 M HA till the end point; Ka for HA is 5.6 × 10–6 and degree of hydrolysis is less
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concentration in the solution? What will be the H+ concentration in the solution? [JEE-2005]
–2 –11 –11 –5
(A) 8 × 10 M (B) 8 × 10 M (C) 1.6 × 10 M (D) 8 × 10 M
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2 2
4. 2.5 mL of M weak monoacidic base (Kb = 1 x 10–12 at 25° C) is titrated with M HCl in water at 25°C. The
5 15
concentration of H+ at equivalence point is (Kw = 1 x 10–14 at 25°C) [JEE-2008]
(A) 3.7 x 10–14 M (B) 3.2 x 10–7 M (C) 3.2 x 10–2 M (D) 2.7 x 10–2 M
5. Solubility product constant (Ksp) of salts of types MX, MX2 and M3X at temperature T are 4.0 × 10–8, 3.2 × 10–14 and
2.7 × 10–15, respectively. Solubilities (mol dm–3) of the salts at temperature T are in the order: [JEE-2008]
(A) MX > MX2 > M3X (B) M3X > MX2 > MX
(C) MX2 > M3X > MX (D) MX > M3X > MX2
6. The dissociation constant of a substituted benzoic acid at 25ºC is 1.0 × 10–4 . The pH of 0.01 M solution of its sodium
salt is [JEE-2009]
7. Amongst the following, the total number of compounds whose aqueous solution turns red litmus paper blue is :
[JEE-2010]
KCN K2SO4 (NH4)2C2O4 NaCl Zn(NO3)2
FeCl3 K2CO3 NH4NO3 LiCN
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8. Aqueous solutions of HNO3, KOH, CH3COOH, and CH3COONa of identical concentrations are provided. The pair
(s) of solutions which form a buffer upon mixing is (are) : [JEE-2010]
(A) HNO3 and CH3COOH (B) KOH and CH3COONa
(C) HNO3 and CH3COONa (D) CH3COOH and CH3COONa
9. In 1 L saturated solution of AgCl [Ksp(AgCl) = 1.6 × 10–10], 0.1 mol of CuCl [Ksp(CuCl) = 1.0 × 10–6] is added. The
resultant concentation of Ag+ in the solution is 1.6 × 10–x. The value of "x" is : [JEE-2011]
10. The initial rate of hydrolysis of methyl acetate (1M) by a weak acid (HA, 1M) is 1/100th of that of a strong acid (HX,
1M), at 25C. The Ka of HA is : [JEE(Advanced) -2013]
(A) 1 10–4 (B) 1 10–5 (C) 1 10–6 (D) 1 10–3
11. MX2 dissociates into M2+ and X– ions in an aqueous solution, with a degree of dissociation () of 0.5. The ratio of
the observed depression of freezing point of the aqueous solution to the value of the depression of freezing point
in the absence of ionic dissociation is [JEE(Advanced) -2014]
12. The correct statement(s) about the oxoacids, HClO4 and HClO, is(are) [JEE(Advanced) -2017]
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(A) The central atom in both HClO4 and HClO is sp3 hybridized
(B) HClO4 is formed in the reaction between Cl2 and H2O
(C) The conjugate base of HClO4 is weaker base than H2O
(D) HClO4 is more acidic than HClO because of the resonance stabilization of its anion
D
13. The solubility of a salt of weak acid (AB) at pH 3 is Y mol L-1. The value of Y is ____.
(Given that the value of solubility product of AB(Ksp) = 2 and the value of ionization constant of HB
(Ka) = 1 10–8)
IN [JEE(Advanced) -2018]
14. Dilution processes of different aqueous solutions, with water, are given in LIST-I. The effects of dilution of the
solution on [H+] are given in LIST-II.
(Note : degree of dissociation () of weak acid and weak base is <<1; degree of hydrolysis of salt <<1; [H+]
S
represents the concentration of H+ ions) [JEE(Advanced) -2018]
LIST - I LIST-II
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(P) (10 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 20 mL of 0.1 M acetic (1) The value of [H+] does not change on dilution
acid) diluted to 60 mL
(Q) (20 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 20 mL of 0.1 M acetic (2) The value of [H+] changes to held of its initial value
O
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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
EXERCISE - 2 : PART # 1
1. 4 2. 4 3. 2 4. 4 5. 4 6. 1 7. 1 8. 4 9. 2
10. 1 11. 2 12. 2 13. 1 14. 3 15. 4 16. 1 17. 1
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PART # 2
1. B 2.8.98 9 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. 8 7. 3 8. C, D 9. 7 10. A 11. 2
D
12. A, C, D 13. 4.47×10–3 14. D
IN
S
O
O
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