Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium

CHEMISTRY
Crash Course for

JEE Main 2020
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
&
IONIC EQUILIBRIUM
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EXERCISE-1
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1. At 444º C, the equilibrium constant K for the reaction 2AB(g) A2(g) + B2(g) is .
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The degree of dissociation of AB will be -
(A) 10% (B) 20 % (C) 30% (D) 50%
2. For the reaction 3 A(g) + B(g) 2 C(g) at a given temperature , Kc = 9.0 . What
must be the volume of the flask, if a mixture of 2.0 mol each of A , B and C exist
in equilibrium?
(A) 6L (B) 9L (C) 36 L (D) None of these
K
3. for the gaseous reaction –
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P
K C
(a) 2 A + 3 B 2C (b) 2 A 4B (c) A + B + 2C 4D
D
would be respectively -
(A) (RT)–3 , (RT)2, (RT)º (B) (RT)–3 , (RT)–2, (RT)–1

IN
(C) (RT)–3 , (RT)2, (RT) (D) None of the above
4. An unknown compound A dissociates at 500ºC to give products as follows -
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A(g) B(g) + C(g) + D(g)

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Vapour density of the equilibrium mixture is 50 when it dissociates to the extent to

10%. What will be the molecular weight of Compound A –
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(A) 120 (B) 130 (C) 134 (D) 140

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5. N2O4 dissociates as N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) at 273 K and 2 atm pressure. The equilibrium
mixture has a density of 41. What will be the degree of dissociation -
(A) 14.2% (B) 16.2% (C) 12.2% (D) None
6. According to Le Chatelier principle, an increase in the temperature of the following
reaction will
N2 + O2 2NO – 43200 cal
(A) Increase the yield of NO (B) Decrease the yield of NO

(C) Not effect on the yield of NO (D) Not help the reaction to proceed
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7. When the equilibrium : 2 NH3 N2 + 3H2 has been established, NH3 is found
to be 20% dissociated. The ratio of total number of moles at equilibrium to the moles of
NH3 at equilibrium is –
(A) 3/2 (B) 2/3 (C) 3/1 (D) 1/3

8. For dissociation of PCl5,mole fraction of Cl2 at equilibrium is 0.3. The total pressure is
1.0 atmosphere. The partial pressure of PCl3 at equilibrium is –
(A) 1.3 (B) 0.3 (C) 0.7 (D) 0.4

9. At a given temperature the following reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium in a vessel
of volume V1litre. The degree of dissociation is 1.If by keeping the temperature fixed
the volume of the reaction vessel is doubled (assuming the degrees of dissociation to be
small ) the new degree of dissociation shall be –
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PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2
D
1
(A) 21 (B) (C) 21 (D) 2 . 1
2
10. In the reaction, 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)

IN
2SO3 (g) + Xcals, most favourable condition of
temperature and pressure for greater yield of SO3 are -
(A) Low temperature and low pressure (B) High temperature and low pressure
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(C) High temperature and high pressure (D) Low temperature and high pressure
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11. On adding inert gas to the equilibrium PCI5(g) PCI3(g) + CI2(g) at constant
pressure. The degree of dissociation will remain –
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(A) Unchanged (B) Decreased (C) Increased (D) None of these

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12. The equilibrium constant for a reaction N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g) is 4 × 10–4 at 2000
K. In the presence of catalyst, the equilibrium is attained 10 times faster. The equilibrium
constant in the presence of catalyst, at 2000 K is–
(A) 40 × 10–4 (B) 4 × 10–4
(C) 4 × 10–2 (D) Difficult to compute without more data

13. At 250º C, the vapour density of PCl5 is Y (at equilibrium) and molar mass is Q
(Initially). Its degree of dissociation is then equal to -
Q  Y Y  Q Y  2Q Q  2Y
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Y Q 2Q 2Y
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14. The reaction in which the yield of the products cannot be increased by the application of
high pressure is –
(A) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) PCl5 (g) (B) N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g)
(C) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) (D) 2SO2(g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g)
15. In the study of the reaction –Cl2 + PCl3 PCl5
partial pressures of Cl2,PCl3 and PCl5 at equilibrium are 0.1, 0.1 and 0.2 atm
respectively at 250º C. At the same temperature, in another experiment on the same
reaction, at equilibrium the partial pressures of PCl3 and andCl2 are half those in the first
experiment. The partial pressure of the PCl5 at equilibrium in the second experiment is –
(A) One -fourth of the first (B) Half of the first
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(C) One - eight of the first (D) One - third of the first
16. At a total equilibrium pressure of 1.0 atmosphere, the degree of dissociation of phosgene
D
is 0.2 IN
COCl2 (g) CO (g) + Cl2 (g)
Now the same equilibrium is established at the same temperature in presence of N2 gas at
a partial pressure of 0.4 atm. in a total pressure of 1.0 atm. The new degree of
dissociation,  , is –
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(A) < 0.2 (B) > 0.2 (C)  = 0.2 (D)  = 0

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17. When 120 g acetic acid is reacted with 138 g ethyl alcohol, the amount of alcohol
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consumed is 30% of its initial concentration. The number of moles of acetic acid at
equilibrium are –
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(A) 1.1 (B) 2.1 (C) 1.7 (D) 0.9

18. A (l) + B (l) C (l) + D ( l)
One mole of A and one mole of B are mixed in a volume of one litre. If 0.9 mole per litre
of C is found at equilibrium, the equilibrium constant K is –
(A) 1 (B) 81 (C) 10 (D) 10–1
19. For the reaction : 2HI (g) H2(g) + I2(g); the degree of dissociation () of HI (g) is
related to equilibrium constant KP by the expression
1 2 K p 1 2K p 2K 2 K p
p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 1  2K p 1 2 K p
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20. When 1 mole H2O(g) and 1 mole CO(g) are heated at 1000ºC in a closed vessel of 5
litre, it was found that 40% of H2O react at equilibrium, according to
H2O(g) + CO(g) H2(g) + CO2(g)
Kc of the reaction will be -
(A) 0.444 (B) 0.555 (C) 0.666 (D) 0.786

21. Consider the reactions :
(i) CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g); K1
(ii) CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g); K2
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(iii) CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) CO2(g) + 4H2(g); K3
2
K1 K1
(A) K3 = (B) K3 = 3
(C) K3 = K1K2 (D) K3 = K1 K 2
D
K 2 K 2
22. For NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g), if Kp = 64 atm2, equilibrium pressure of mixture

is:
IN
(A) 8 atm (B) 16 atm (C) 64 atm (D) 4 atm
23. The equilibrium constants Kp1 and Kp2for the reactions X 2Y and Z P + Q,
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respectively are in the ratio of 1 : 9. If the degree of dissociation of X and Z be equal

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then the ratio of total pressures at these equilibria is -

(A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 1 : 9 (D) 1 : 36
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24. An amount of solid NH4HS is placed in a flask already containing ammonia gas at a
certain temperature and 0.50 atm pressure. Ammonium hydrogensulphide decomposes to
ET
yield NH3 and H2S gases in the flask. When the decomposition reaction reaches
equilibrium, the total pressure in the flask rises to 0.84 atm ? The equilibrium constant for
NH4HS decomposition at this temperature is –
(A) 0.18 (B) 0.30 (C) 0.11 (D) 0.17

25. At temperature T, a compound AB2(g) dissociates according to the reaction
2AB2(g) 2AB(g) + B2(g)
With degree of dissociation "a", which is small compared with unity. The expression of
Kp, in terms of "a" and total pressure PT is -
3 3 3 2
a PT a a PT a
(A) PT (B) (C) PT (D)
2 3 3 2
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26. 1.0 mole of nitrogen and 3.0 moles of PCl5 are placed in 100 litre vessel heated to 227ºC.
The equilibrium pressure is 2.05 atm. Assuming ideal behaviour calculate the Kpfor the
reaction
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
(A) 0.204 atm (B) 0.303 atm (C) 0.212 atm (D) 0.395 atm
27. Equilibrium constant Kc of the above graphical study is:
B
0.5
M
0.3 A
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0.1
1 3 5 7
D
Time/hour
The progress of the reaction A nB with time is shown.

IN
(A) 2 (B) 0.83 (C) 0.5 (D) 1.2
28. Before equilibrium is set-up for the chemical reaction N2O4 2NO2, vapour density d
of the gaseous mixture was measured. If D is the theoretical value of vapour density,
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variation of x with D/d is by the graph.What is value of D/d at point A ?
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O
A
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0 D
d
(A) 0 (B) 0.5 (C) 1 (D) 1.5

29. A vessel at 1000 K contains CO2 with a pressure of 0.5 atm. Some of the CO2 is
converted into CO on addition of graphite. Calculate the value if K, if total pressure at
equilibrium is 0.8 atm.
(A) 2.0 (B)1.8 (C) 2.32 (D) 1
P
30. For the reaction equilibrium ; 2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g), if P Br
2
= at equilibrium
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K p
and P is total pressure, the ratio is equal to :
P
(A) 1/9 (B) 1/81 (C) 1/27 (D) 1/3

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31. The percentage of ammonia obtainable, if equilibrium were to be established during the
Haber process, is plotted against the operating pressure for two temperatures, 400ºC and
500ºC. Which of the following graph correctly represent the two process ?
% of NH3 at equ.
% of NH3 at equ.
40 40
400ºC 500ºC
(A) 20 500ºC (B) 20 400ºC
10 20 10 20
Pressure (atm) Pressure (atm)
% of NH3 at equ.
% of NH3 at equ.
40 40
(C) 20
(D) 20
400ºC 500ºC
500ºC 400ºC
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10 20 10 20
Pressure (atm) Pressure (atm)
1
32. The reaction, N2O5 (g) 2 NO2 (g) + O2 (g), is started with initial pressure of
D
2
N2O5 (g) equal to 600 torr. What fraction of N2O5 (g) decomposed when total pressure of
the system is 960 torr ?
IN
(A) 0.05 (B) 0.1 (C) 0.2 (D) 0.4
33. In a closed system : A (s) 2B (g) + 3C (g), if the partial pressure of C is doubled,
then partial pressure of B will be
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(A) two times the original pressure (B) one half of its original value
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1
(C) times to the original value (D) 2 2 times to the original value
2 2
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34. An exothermic reaction is represented by the graph

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ln Kp ln Kp
(A) (B)
1/T 1/T
ln Kp
(C) (D) ln Kp
1/T 1/T
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35. The equilibrium, SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) is attained at 298 K in a rigid container
and an inert gas, He is introduced. Which of the following is/are correct ?
(A) Concentration of SO2 (g), Cl2 (g) and SO2 Cl2 (g) remain unchanged
(B) More Cl2 (g) is formed
(C) Concentration of SO2 (g) is reduced
(D) More SO2Cl2 (g) is formed
36. At 600 K, PCl5 dissociates to 40% total pressure exerted by the mixture at equilibrium,
when Kp = 2.4 is -
(A) 12.6 atm (B) 1.26 atm (C) 0.126 atm (D) 12.6 mm
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37. Ammonium carbamate dissociates as NH2COONH4(s) 2NH3(g) + CO2(g). In a closed
vessel containing ammonium carbamate in equilibrium with ammonia and carbon dioxide,
ammonia is added such that partial pressure of NH3 now equals to three time the original total
pressure. The ratio of total pressure to the original pressure now is:
D
(A) 31/27 (B) 733/81 IN (C) 733/243 (D) 55/27
38. When N2O5 is heated at temp. T, it dissociates as , Kc = 2.5. At the same time N2O3
also decomposes as : N2O3 N2O + O2. If initially 4.0 moles of N2O5 are taken in 1.0
litre flask and allowed to attain equilibrium, concentration of O2 was formed to be 2.5 M.
Equilibrium concentration of N2O is
S
O
(A) 1.0 (B) 1.5 (C) 2.166 (D) 0.334

39. Densities of diamond and graphite are 3.5 and 2.3 gm/mL.
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C (diamond) C (graphite)rH = –1.9 kJ/mole

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favourable conditions for formation of diamond are

(A) high pressure and low temperature (B) low pressure and high temperature
(C) high pressure and high temperature (D) low pressure and low temperature
40. If 20 moles of PCl5(g) is added to original equilibrium mixture keeping total pressure
constant at 20 atm at same temperature 'T', the ratio of new equilibrium volume to the
initial volume V will be
(A) 1.5 (B) 2.0 (C) 1.8 (D) 3.0
41. At same temperature N2O4 is dissociated to 40% & 50% at total pressure P1& P2atm
respectively in NO2 . Then the ratio of P1& P2 is
(A) 4/5 (B) 7/4 (C) 4/7 (D) None of these

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42. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) l 2NH3 (g)H = – 24 kJ/mole
The percentage yield of the reaction against pressure is plotted at three different
temperature T1, T2, T3 as shown in the adjacent figure. Pick out the correct statement
among the following.
(A) T1> T2> T3 (B) T3> T2> T1 (C) T2> T1> T3 (D) None of these
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43. Equilibrium constant for the given reaction is K = 1020 at temperature 300 K
A(s) + 2B (aq) l 2C (s) + D (aq) K = 1020
D
The equilibrium conc. of B starting with mixture of 1 mole of A and 1/3 mole/litre of B at
300 K is
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(A) ~ 4 ×10–11 M (B) ~ 2 ×10–10 (C) ~ 2 ×10–11 (D) ~ 10–10
INTEGER TYPE
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44. Assume that the decomposition of HNO3 can be represented by the following equation
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4HNO3 (g) 4NO2(g) + 2H2O (g) + O2 (g)

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and that at a given temperature 400 K and pressure 30 atm the reaction approaches
equilibrium. At equilibrium partial pressure of HNO3 is 2 atm. Calculate KC in (mol/L)3
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at 400 K.
45. At a certain temperature the equilibrium constant Kc is 0.25 for the reaction
A2(g) + B2(g) C2(g) + D2(g)
If we take 1 mole of each of the four gases in a 10 litre container, what would be
equilibrium concentration of A2(g).
46. When 1 mole of A(g) is introduced in a closed rigid 1 litre vessel maintained at constant
temperature the following equilibria are established.
A (g) B(g) + C(g) :
C (g) D(g) + B(g) :
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The pressure at equilibrium is twice the initial pressure. Calculate the value of if =
47. At certain temperature pure PCl5 (g) is found to be 25% dissociated at total pressure of
50 atm. At what total pressure it is 50% dissociated at same temperature.
48. At a certain temperature, equilibrium constant KC = 4 × 10–2 for the reaction
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
If we take 1.5 mole of NO and 2 mole each of N2& O2 in 5 litre vessel, what would be
the equilibrium concentration of NO (in mole/litre)?
49. In a study of equilibrium
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g).
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Starting with 2 mole SO2 and 1.5 mole O2 in 5 litre flask. Equilibrium mixture required
0.4 mole KMnO4 in acidic medium. Hence KC is-
D
50. The equilibrium constant for the reaction IN
A(g) + 2B(g) C(g)
is 0.25 dm6mol–2. In a volume of 5 dm3, what amount of A must be mixed with 4 mol of
B to yield 1 mol of C at equilibrium.
S
51. The equilibrium constant KP (in atm) for the reaction is 9 at 7 atmand 300 K.
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A2 (g) B2(g) + C2 (g)

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Calculate the average molar mass (in gm/mol) of an equilibrium mixture.

Given : Molar mass of A2, B2 and C2 are 70, 49 & 21 gm/mol respectively.
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52. Vapour density of the equilibrium mixture of the reaction

2NH3 (g) l N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) is 6.0
Percent dissociation (%) of ammonia gas is:
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EXERCISE-2
PART - A
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]
1. Change in volume of the system does not alter the number of moles in which of the
following equilibriums : [AIEEE 2002]
(1)N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) (2)PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
(3)N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (4) SO2Cl2(g) SO2(g) + Cl2(g)
2. In which of the following reactions, increase in the volume at constant temperature don’t
effect the number of moles of at equilibrium : [AIEEE 2002]
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(1) 2NH3 N2 + 3H2 (2) C (g) + (1/2) O2 (g) CO (g)
(3) H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O2 (g) (4) none of these
D
3. Consider the reaction equilibrium IN 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) ;H° = – 198 kJ.
On the basis of Le Chatelier’s principle, the condition favourable for the forward reaction
is [AIEEE 2003]
(1)lowering of temperature as well as pressure
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(2)increasing temperature as well as pressure
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(3)lowering the temperature and increasing the pressure

(4)any value of temperature and pressure.
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4. For the reaction equilibrium, N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) the concentrations of N2O4 and NO2 at
ET
equilibrium are 4.8 × 10 and 1.2 × 10 mol L–1 respectively. The value of Kc for the
–2 –2
reaction is [AIEEE 2003]

(1) 3.3 × 102mol L–1 (2) 3 × 10–1mol L–1 (3) 3 × 10–3mol L–1 (4) 3 × 103mol L–1
5. What is the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction P4 (s) + 5O2 (g) P4 O10(s) ?
(1) KC = [P4O10]/[P4] [O2]5 (2) KC = 1/[O2]5 [AIEEE 2004]
(3) KC = [O2]5 (4) KC = [P4O10]/5[P4] [O2]
6. For the reaction, CO(g) + Cl2 (g) COCl2 (g) then Kp /Kc is equal to :[AIEEE 2004]
(1) 1/RT (2) 1.0 (3) RT (4) RT
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7. The equilibrium constant for the reaction,N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO(g) at temperature T is
1 1
4 × 10–4 . The value of Kc for the reaction, NO(g) N2 (g) + O2 (g) at the same
2 2
temperature is
(1) 2.5 × 102 (2) 0.02 (3) 4 × 10–4 (4) 50 [AIEEE 2004]
8. For the reaction, 2NO2 (g) 2 NO(g) + O2 (g), (KC = 1.8 × 10–6 at 184°C)
(R = 0.0831 kJ/(mol.K))
When Kp and Kc are compared at 184°C it is found that [AIEEE 2005]
(1) Whether Kp is greater than, less than or equal to Kc depends upon the total gas
pressure
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(2) Kp = Kc
(3) Kp is less than Kc (4)Kp is greater than Kc
D
9. The exothermic formation of ClF3 is represented by the equation : [AIEEE 2005]
IN
Cl2 (g) + 3F2 (g) 2ClF3 (g) ;rH = – 329 J
which of the following will increase the quantity of ClF3 in an equilibrium mixture of Cl2
, F2 and ClF3.
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(1) Adding F2 (2) Increasing the volume of container

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(3) Removing Cl2 (4) Increasing the temperature

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10. An amount of solid NH4HS is placed in a flask already containing ammonia gas at a
certain temperature at 0.50 atm pressure. Ammonium hydrogen sulphide decomposes to
ET
yield NH3 and H2S gases in the flask. When the decomposition reaction reaches
equilibrium, the total pressure in the flask rises to 0.84 atm? The equilibrium constant for
NH4HS decomposition at this temperature is : [AIEEE 2005]
(1) 0.11 (2) 0.17 (3) 0.18 (4) 0.30

11. Phosphorus pentachloride dissociates as follows in a closed reaction vessel.
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
If total pressure at equilibrium of the reaction mixture is P and degree of dissociation of

PCl5 is x, the partial pressure of PCl3 will be : [AIEEE 2006]
 x   2x   x   x 
(1)   P (2)   P (3)   P (4)   P
 x 1 1 x   x 1 1 x 
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1
12. The equilibrium constant for the reaction, SO3(g) SO2(g) + O2(g)[AIEEE 2006]
2
is KC = 4.9 × 10–2. The value of KC for the reaction 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)will be
(1) 416 (2) 2.40 × 10–3 (3) 9.8 × 10–2 (4) 4.9 × 10–2
13. For the following three reactions a, b and c, equilibrium constants are given:
(A)CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g); K1
(B)CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g); K2
(C)CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) CO2(g) + 4H2(g); K3
Which of the following relations is correct ? [AIEEE 2008]
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(1) K2 K3 = K1 (2) K3 = K1K2 (3) K3 K23 = K12 (4) K 1 K 2  K3
14. The equilibrium constants KP

1
and KP
2
for the reactions X 2Y and Z P + Q,
D
respectively are in the ratio of 1 : 9. If the degree of dissociation of X and Z be equal then
the ratio of total pressures at these equilibrium is [AIEEE 2008]
(1)1 : 1 (2) 1 : 3
IN (3) 1 : 9 (4) 1 : 36
15. If 10–4dm3 of water is introduced into a 1.0 dm3 flask at 300 K, how many moles of water
are in the vapour phase when equilibrium is established ? [AIEEE 2010]
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(Given :Vapour pressure of H2O at 300 K is 3170 Pa ; R= 8.314 J K–1mol–1)
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(1) 5.56 × 10–3mol (2) 1.53 × 10–2mol (3) 4.46 × 10–2mol (4) 1.27 × 10–3mol
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16. A vessel at 1000 K contains CO2 with a pressure of 0.5 atm. Some of the CO2 is
converted into CO on the addition of graphite. If the total pressure at equilibrium is 0.8
atm, the value of K is : [AIEEE 2011]
ET
(1) 1.8 atm (2) 3 atm (3) 0.3 atm (4) 0.18
17. The equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO (g) at temperature T is
1 1
4× 10–4. The value of Kc for the reaction NO(g) N2(g) + O2(g) at the same
2 2
temperature is: [AIEEE 2012]
–4
(1) 0.02 (2) 2.5 × 10 2
(3) 4 × 10 (4) 50.0
1
18. For the reaction, SO2(g) + O2(g) SO3(g), if Kp = KC(RT)x where the symbols have usual
2
meaning then the value of x is : (assuming ideality) [JEE MAIN 2014]
1
(1) (2) 1 (3) – 1 (4) –
2
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19. The standard Gibbs energy change at 300K for the reaction 2A  B + C is 2494.2J. At
1 1
a given time, the composition of the reaction mixture is [A] = , [B] = 2 and [C] = .
2 2
The reaction proceeds in the : [R = 8.314 J/K/mol, e = 2.718] [JEE MAIN 2015]
(1)forward direction because Q < KC (2) reverse direction because Q < KC
(3)forward direction because Q > KC (4) reverse direction because Q > KC
20. The equilibrium constant at 298 K for a reaction A + B C + D is 100. If the initial
concentration of all the four species were 1M each, then equilibrium concentration of D
(in mol L–1) will be: [JEE MAIN 2016]
(1) 0.818 (2) 1.818 (3) 1.182 (4) 0.182
IA
21. Given [JEE MAIN 2017]
C(graphite) + O2(g)  CO2(g) :
D
rH° = –393.5 kJ mol–1 IN
1
H2(g) + O2(g)  H2O() ;
2
rH° = –285.8 kJ mol–1

S
CO2(g) + 2H2O()  CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ;
O
rH° = + 890.3 kJ mol–1

O
Based on the above thermochemical equations, the value of rH° at 298 K for the
reaction
ET
C(graphite) + 2H2(g)  CH4(g) will be :
(1) + 74.8 kJ mol–1 (2) + 144.0 kJ mol–1 (3) –74.8 kJ mol–1 (4) – 144.0 kJ mol–1
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ETOOSINDIA
PART - B
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS [IIT-JEE ADVANCED]
1. When 3.06 g of solid NH4HS is introduced into a two litre evacuated flask at 27ºC,30%
of the solid decomposes into gaseous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide.
(i) Calculate kC&kP for the reaction at 27ºC.
(ii) What would happen to the equilibrium when more solid NH4HS is introduced into the
flask.
2. For a chemical reaction 3X(g) + Y(g) X3 Y(g), the amount of X3 Y at equilibrium is
affected by [JEE-1999]
(A)temperature and pressure (B) temperature only
IA
(C)pressure only (D) temperature, pressure and catalyst
3. For the reversible reaction, N2 (g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3 at 500°C, the value of KP is 1.44 × 10–5
when partial pressure is measured in atmospheres. The corresponding value of KC, with
D
concentration in mole litre–1, is [JEE 2000]
5 5 5 5
1 .4 4  1 0 1 .4 4  1 0 1 .4 4  1 0 1 .4 4  1 0
(A) 2
(B)
IN 2
(C) 2
(D) 2
( 0 .0 8 2  5 0 0 ) (8 .3 1 4  7 7 3 ) ( 0 .0 8 2  7 7 3 ) ( 0 .0 8 2  7 7 3 )
4. When two reactants, A & B are mixed to give products C & D, the reaction quotient Q, at
the initial stages of the reaction. [JEE-2000]
S
(A)is zero (B) decrease with time
(C) is independent of time (D) increases with time
O
5. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant (KP) for the decomposition reaction
O
2
(4 x P )
N2O4 2NO2 is expressed by KP= 2
, where P = pressure, x = extent of
(1  x )
ET
decomposition. Which one of the following statements is true? [JEE 2001]

(A) KP increases with increase of P (B) KP increases with increase of x
(C) KP increases with decrease of x (D) KP remains constant with change in P and x
6. Consider the following equilibrium in a closed container [JEE 2002]
N2 O4 (g) 2NO2 (g)
At a fixed temperature, the volume of the reaction container is halved. For this change,
which of the following statements holds true regarding the equilibrium constant (KP) and
degree of dissociation ()?
(A)neither KP nor  changes (B) both KP and  change
(C) KP changes, but  does not change (D) KP does not change but  changes
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ETOOSINDIA
7. N2 + 3H2 2 NH3 K = 4 × 106 at 298

K = 41 at 400 K
Which statements is correct ? [JEE 2006]
(A) If N2 is added at equilibrium condition, the equilibrium will shift to the forward
direction because according to IInd law of thermodynamics the entropy must
increases in the direction of spontaneous reaction.
(B) The condition for equilibrium is 2G NH3
= 3 G H2
+  G N where G is Gibbs free
2
energy per mole of the gaseous species measured at that partial pressure.
(C) Addition of catalyst does not change Kp but changes H.
(D) At 400 K addition of catalyst will increase forward reaction by 2 times while
reverse reaction rate will be changed by 1.7 times.
IA
8. The value of log10K for a reaction A B is :
(Given :  r H 2 9 8 K = –54.07 kJ mol–1, 

 rS 298 K = 10 JK–1mol–1 and R = 8.314 JK–1mol–1;
D
2.303 x 8.314 x 298 = 5705) [JEE 2007]
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 95 (D) 100
9.
IN
Statement-1 :For every chemical reaction at equilibrium, standard Gibbs energy of
reaction is zero.
Statement-2 :At constant temperature and pressure, chemical reactions are spontaneous in
the direction of decreasing Gibbs energy. [JEE 2008]
S
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
O
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation

for Statement-1.
O
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.

ET
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.

(E) Statement-1 and Statement-2 both are False.
10. According to the Arrhenius equation, [JEE 2016]
(A) a high activation energy usually implies a fast reaction.
(B) rate constant increases with increase in temperature. This is due to a greater number
of collisions whose energy exceeds the activation energy.
(C)higher the magnitude of activation energy, stronger in the temperature dependence of
the rateconstant.
(D)the pre-exponential factor is a measure of the rate at which collisions occur,
irrespective of theirenergy.
11. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct regarding the root mean square speed
(Urms) andaverage translational kinetic energy (av) of a molecule in a gas at equilibrium ?
[JEE 2019]
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ETOOSINDIA
(A) Urms is doubled when its temperature is increased four times

(B)av at a given temperature does not depend on its molecular mass
(C) Urms is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass
(D)av is doubled when its temperature is increased four times
Comprehension
Paragraph for (12-13)
Thermal decomposition of gaseous X2 to gaseous X at 298 K takes place according to the
following equation : [JEE 2016]
X2(g) 2X(g)
IA
The standard reaction Gibbs energy, fG°, of this reaction is positive. At the start of the
reaction, there is one mole of X2 and no X. As the reaction proceeds, the number of moles
of X formed is given by . Thus, equilibrium is the number of moles of X formed at
D
equilibrium. The reaction is carried out at a constant total pressure of 2 bar. Consider the
gases to behave ideally.
(Given : R = 0.083 L bar K–1mol–1)
IN
12. The equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction at 298 K, in terms of equilibrium, is
2 2 2 2
8  e q u ilib riu m 8  e q u ilib riu m 4  e q u ilib riu m 4  e q u ilib riu m
(A) (B) (C) (D)
S
2   e q u ilib riu m 2
4   e q u ilib riu m 2   e q u ilib riu m 2
4   e q u ilib riu m
O
13. The INCORRECT statement among the following, for this reaction, is
(A) Decrease in the total pressure will result in formation of more moles of gaseous X
O
(B) At the start of the reaction, dissociation of gaseous X2 takes place spontaneously
ET
(C)equilibrium = 0.7
(D) KC< 1
Numerical Value
14. For the following reaction, the equilibrium constant Kc at 298 K is 1.6 × 1017.
Fe2+(aq) + S2–(aq) FeS(s) [JEE 2019]
When equal volumes of 0.06 M Fe2+(aq) and 0.2 M S2–(aq) solutions are mixed, the
equilibrium concentration of Fe2+(aq) is found to be Y × 10–17 M. The value of Y is –––––
–––
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ETOOSINDIA
India’s No.1 Online Coaching IONIC EQUILIBRIUM
EXERCISE-1
1. The dissociation constant of acetic acid at a given temperature is 1.69 × 10–5. The degree of dissociation of 0.01 M
acetic acid in the presence of 0.01 M HCl is equal to
(A) 0.41 (B) 0.13 (C) 1.69 × 10–3 (D) 0.013.
2. The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 100 ml of 0.2 M CH3COOH with 100 ml of 0.2 M NaOH would be :
(pKa for CH3COOH = 4.74)
(A) 4.74 (B) 8.87 (C) 9.10 (D) 8.57
3. pH of 0.1M Na2HPO4 and 0.2M NaH2PO4 are respectively : pKa for H3PO4 are 2.2, 7.2 and 12.0.
(A) 4.7, 9.6 (B) 9.6, 4.7 (C) 4.7, 5.6 (D) 5.6, 4.7
4. pH for the solution of salt undergoing anionic hydrolysis (say CH3COONa) is given by:
(A) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKa + logC] (B) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKa – logC]
(C) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKb – logC] (D) None of these
IA
5. The ratio of dissociation constant of two weak acids HA and HB is 4. At what moar concentration ratio, the two acids
will have same pH in separate solutions:
(A) 2 (B) 0.5 (C) 4 (D) 0.25
D
6. 10 mL, of a strong acid solution of pH = 2.000 are mixed with 990 mL of another strong acid solution of pH = 4.000.
The pH of the resulting solution will be:
(A) 4.002 (B) 4.000 (C) 4.200 (D) 3.7
IN
7. When 0.1 mole solid NaOH is added in 1lt of 0.1M NH3(aq) then which statement is going to wrong?
(Kb = 2 × 10–5, log 2 = 0.3)
(A) degree of dissociation of NH3 approaches to zero.
(B) change in pH would be 1.85
S
(C) conc of [Na+] = 0.1M, [NH3] = 0.1M, [OH–] = 0.2M
(D) on addition of OH–, Kb of NH3 does not changes.
O
8. Ka for formic acid and acetic acid are 2.1 × 10–4 and 1.1 × 10–5 respectively. The relative strenth of acids is:
(A) 19 : 1 (B) 2.3 : 1 (C) 1 : 2.1 (D) 4.37 : 1
O
9. Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is x, the volume of 1 M NaOH added to 100 mL of this solution if change the pH
by 1 is
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(A) 0.1 x mL (B) 10 x mL (C) 100 x mL (D) x mL

10. What fraction of an indicator Hln is in basic form at a pH of 6 if the pKa of the indicator is 5 ?
1 1 10 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 11 11 10
11. A certain indicator (an organic dye) has pKa = 5. For which of the following titrations may it be suitable.
(A) acetic acid against NaOH (B) aniline hydrochloride against NaOH
(C) sodium carbonate against HCl (D) barium hydroxide against oxalic acid
12. Which is/are correct statements :
pH
(A) When 100 ml of 0.1 M NaCN solution is titrated with 0.1 M HCl solution
the variation of pH of solution with volume of HCl added will be (as shown in figure):
volume of HCl added
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ETOOSINDIA
(B) Variation of degree of dissociation  with concentration for a weak

electrolyte at a particular temperature is best represented by
(as shown in figure) :
(C) 0.1 M acetic acid solution is titrated against 0.1 M NaOH solution. The difference in pH between 1/4 and
3/4 stages of neutralization of acid will be 2 log 3.
(A) a & c (B) b & c (C) a, b & c (D) b only
13. If 50 ml of 0.2 M KOH is added to 40 ml of 0.5 M HCOOH. the pH of the resulting solution is:
(Ka = 1.8 × 10–4, log 18 = 1.26)
(A) 3.74 (B) 5.64 (C) 7.57 (D) 3.42
14. Which of the following solutions would have same pH?
IA
(A) 100 ml of 0.2 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.4 M NH3 (B) 50 ml of 0.1 M HCl + 50 ml of 0.2 M NH3
(C) 100 ml of 0.3 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.6 M NH3 (D) All will have same pH.
15. 100 mL of 0.02 M benzoic acid (pKa = 4.2) is titrated using 0.02 M NaOH. pH after 50 mL and 100 mL of NaOH have
D
been added are
(A) 3.50, 7 (B) 4.2, 7 IN (C) 4.2, 8.1 (D) 4.2, 8.25
16. Aniline behaves as a weak base. When 0.1 M, 50 ml solution of aniline was mixed with 0.1 M, 25 ml solution of HCl
the pH of resulting solution was 8. Then the pH of 0.01 M solution of aniliniumchloride will be
(Kw = 10–14)
(A) 6 (B) 6.5 (C) 5 (D) 5.5
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17. To prepare a buffer of pH 8.26 amount of (NH4)2 SO4 to be added to 500 mL of 0.01 M NH4OH solution
[pKa (NH4+) = 9.26] is
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(A) 0.05 mole (B) 0.025 mole (C) 0.10 mole (D) 0.005 mole
18. An acid-base indicator which is a weak acid has a pKIn value = 5.45. At what cocentration ratio of sodium acetate to
O
acetic acid would the indicator show a colour half-way between those of its acid and conjugate base forms? [pKa
of acetic acid = 4.75, log 2 = 0.3]
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 6 : 1 (C) 5 : 1 (D) 3 : 1
ET
19. What will be the pH at the equivalence point during the titration of a 100 mL 0.2 M solution of CH3COONa with
0.2 M solution of HCl ? Ka = 2 × 10–5.
(A) 3 – log 2 (B) 3 + log 2 (C) 3 – log 2 (D) 3 + log 2
20. A weak acid (HA) after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base (BOH) has a pH of 5. At the end point, the volume
of same base required is 27 mL. Ka of acid is (log2 = 0.3)
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8 × 10–5
21. A buffer solution contains 1 mole of (NH4)2SO4 and 1 mole of NH4OH (Kb = 10–5). The pH of solution will be :
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 5.3 (D) 8.7
22. A solution is a mixture of 0.05 M KCl and 0.05 M NaI. The concentration of I— in the solution when AgCl just starts
to precipitate is equal to: (KSPAgCl = 10–10 M2; KSPAgI = 4 × 10–16 M2)
(A) 4 × 10–6 M (B) 2 × 10–8 M (C) 2 × 10–7 M (D) 8 × 10–15 M
23. A solution of Na2CO3 is added drop by drop to litre of a solution containing 10–4 mole of Ba2+ and 10–5 mole of Ag+,
if KSP for BaCO3 is 8.1 × 10–9 and KSP for Ag2CO3 is 6.9 × 10–12 then which is not true:
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ETOOSINDIA
(A) No precipitate of BaCO3 will appear until [ CO 23  ] reaches 8.1 × 10–5 mol per litre
(B) A precipitate of Ag2CO3 will appear when [ CO 23  ] reaches 6.9 × 10–5 mol litre–1
(C) No precipitate of Ag2CO3 will appear until [ CO 23  ] reaches 6.9 × 10–2 mole per litre
(D) BaCO3 will be precipitated first
24. The solubility of PbCl2 in water is 0.01 M 25oC. Its maximum concentration in 0.1 M NaCl will be:
(A) 2 × 10–3 M (B) 1 × 10–4 M (C) 1.6 × 10–2 M (D) 4 × 10–4 M
25. The volume of the water needed to dissolve 1 g of BaSO4 (KSP = 1.1 × 10–10) at 25oC is:
(A) 280 litre (B) 410 litre (C) 205 litre (D) None of these
26. M(OH)x has KSP 4 × 10–12 and solubility 10–4 M. The value of x is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
IA
27. Which statement is/are correct:
(A) All Bronsted bases are also Lewis bases (B) All Bronsted acids are not Lewis acids
(C) All cations are acids and anions are bases (D) All of these
28. The pH of an acidic buffer mixture is:
D
(A) > 7 (B) < 7 (C) = 7 (D) Depends upon Ka of acid
29. From separate solutions of for sodium salts NaW, NaX, NaY and NaZ has pH 7.0, 9.0 10.0 and 11.0 respectively.
IN
When each solution was 0.1 M, the strongest acid is:
(A) HW (B) HX (C) HY (D) HZ
30. pH of a mixture containing 0.10 M X– and 0.20 M HX is: [pKb (X–) = 4]
(A) 4 + log 2 (B) 4 – log 2 (C) 10 + log 2 (D) 10 – log 2
S
31. Solution of aniline hydrochloride is X due to hydrolysis of Y. X and Y are :
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(A) Basic, C6H5 NH3 (B) Acidic, C6H5 NH3 (C) Basic, CI– (D) Acidic, CI–
32. Strong acids are generally used as standard solution in acid-base titrations because:
O
(A) The pH at equivalence point will be 7 (B) They titrate both strong and weak base
(C) They form more stable solutions than weak acids (D) The salts of strong acids do not hydrolyse
ET
33. The pKa of acetylasliclic acid (aspirin) is 3.5. The pH of gastric juice in human stomach is about 2-3 and the pH in the
small intestine is about 8. Aspirin will be:
(A) Unionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(B) Completely ionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(C)Ionised in the stomach and almost unisonised in the small intestine
(D) Ionised in the small intestine and almost unionized in the stomach
34. Fear or excitement, generally cause one to breathe rapidly and it results in the decrease of concentration of CO2 in
blood. In what way it will change pH of blood.
(A) pH will increase (B) pH will decrease (C) No change (D) pH will be 7
35. The composition of an acidic buffer mixture made up of HA and NaA of total molarity 0.29 having pH = 4.4 and
Ka = 1.8 × 10–5 in terms of concentration of salt and acid respectively is :
(A) 0.09 M and 0.20 M (B) 0.20 M and 0.09 (C) 0.1 M and 0.19 M (D) 0.19 M and 010 M
36. A weak acid HA after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base BOH has a pH of 5. At the end point the volume of
same base required is 26.6 mL . Calculate Ka of acid is :
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8.22 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8.2 × 10–5
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ETOOSINDIA
37. In which of the following combinations, is buffer action expected?
1. NH3 + NH4Cl in 1 : 1 mole ratio 2. HCl + NaCl in 1 : 1 mole ratio
3. NH3 + HCl in 2 : 1 mole ratio
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
–
38. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of X and HX. The Kb for X– is 10–10. The pH of the buffer is:
(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 10 (D) 14
39. 50 mL of 2N acetic acid mixed with 10 mL of 1N sodium acetate solution will have an approximate pH of
(Ka = 10–5)
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
40. The solubility of CaF2 (Ksp = 3.4 × 10–11) in 0.1 M solution of NaF would be
(A) 3.4 × 10–12 M (B) 3.4 × 10–10 M (C) 3.4 × 10–9 M (D) 3.4 × 10–13 M.
41. The solubility of Ag2CO3 in water at 250C is 1 × 104 mole/litre. What is its solubility in 0.01 M Na2CO3 solution?
IA
Assume no hydrolysis of CO32 ion.
(A) 6 × 106 mole/litre (B) 4 × 105 mole/litre (C) 105 mole /litre (D) 2 × 105 mole/litre
42. In a saturated solution of Ag2CO3, silver ion concentration is 2 × 10–4 M. Its solubility product is
D
(A) 4 × 10–12 (B) 3.2 × 10–11 (C) 8 × 10–12 (D) 10–12
43. Let the solubilities of AgCl in pure water, 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.01 M NaCl & 0.05 M AgNO3 be s1, s2, s3 & s4 respectively
what is the correct order of these quantities . Neglect any complexation.
(A) s1 > s2 > s3 > s4
IN
(B) s1 > s2 = s3 > s4 (C) s1 > s3 > s2 > s4 (D) s4 > s2 > s3 > s1
44. The solubility product of BaCrO4 is 2.4 × 10–10 M2. The maximum concentration of Ba(NO3)2 possible without
precipitation in a 6 × 10–4 M K2CrO4 solution is
(A) 4 × 10–7 M (B) 1.2 × 1010 M (C) 6 × 10–4 M (D) 3 × 10–4 M.
S
45. What is the solubility of Al(OH)3, (Ksp = 1 × 10–33) in a buffer solution pH = 4 ?
O
(A) 10–3 M (B) 10–6 M (C) 10–4 M (D) 10–10 M.

46. The solubility of Fe(OH)3 would be maximum in
O
(A) 0.1 M NaOH (B) 0.1 M HCl (C) 0.1 M KOH (D) 0.1 M H2SO4.
47. The best explanation for the solubility of MnS in dilute HCl is that :
ET
(A) Solubility product of MnCl2 is less than that of MnS

(B) Concentration of Mn2+ is lowered by the formation of complex ions with chloride ions
(C) Concentration of sulphide ions is lowered by oxidation to free sulphur
(D) Concentration of sulphide ions is lowered by formation of weak acid H2S
48. The solubility product of AgCl is 1.8 × 10–10. Precipitation of AgCl will occur only when equal volumes of solutions
of
(A) 10–4M Ag+ and 10–4 M Cl– are mixed. (B) 10–7 M Ag+ and 10–7 M Cl– are mixed.
(C) 10–5 M Ag+ and 10–5 M Cl– are mixed. (D) 2 × 10–5 M Ag+ and 2 × 10–5 M Cl– are mixed.
49. Arrange in increasing order of solubility of AgBr in the given solutions.
(i) 0.1 M NH3 (ii) 0.1 M AgNO3 (iii) 0.2 M NaBr (iv) pure water
(A) (iii) < (ii) < (iv) < (i) (B) (iii) < (ii) < (i) < (iv) (C) (iii) < (ii) = (i) < (iv) (D) (ii) < (iii) < (iv) < (i)
50. A solution containing a mixture of 0.05 M NaCl and 0.05 M NaI is taken (Ksp of AgCl = 10–10 and Ksp of
AgI =4×10–16 ). When AgNO3 is added to such a solution.
(A) the concentration of Ag+ required to precipitate Cl– = 4 ×10–9 mol/L.
(B) the concentration of Ag+ required to precipitate I– = 8 × 10–15 mol/L.
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ETOOSINDIA
(C) AgCl and AgI will be precipitated together.
(D) None of these
51. At 25ºC, the solubility product values of AgCl and AgCNS are 1.8 x 1010 and 1.6 x 1011 respectively. When
a solution is saturated with both solids, calculate the ratio [Cl]/[CNS] and also [Ag+] in the solution.
(A) 1.125, 4 × 106 M (B) 11.25, 1.4 × 105 M (C) 1.25, 4 ×105 M (D) 1.25, 4 × 106 M
52. What is the minimum pH when Fe(OH)3 starts precipitating from a solution containing 0.1M FeCl3?
Ksp of Fe(OH)3 = 8 × 10–13 M3
(A) 3.7 (B) 5.7 (C) 10.3 (D) 8.3
53. A solution prepared by dissolving 2.8 g of lime (CaO) in enough water to make 1.00 L of lime water (Ca(OH)2(aq.)).
If solubility of Ca(OH)2 in water is 1.48 gm/lt. The pH of the solution obtained will be:
[log 2 = 0.3, Ca = 40 , O = 16, H = 1]
(A) 12.3 (B) 12.6 (C) 1.3 (D) 13
54. The solubility product of AgCl is 10–10. The minimum volume (in L) of water required to dissolve 1.722 mg of AgCl is
IA
(molecular weight of AgCl = 143.5).
(A) 10 lt. (B) 2.2 lt. (C) 1.2 lt. (D) 20 lt.
55. 0.1 millimole of CdSO4 are present in 10 mL acid solution of 0.08 N HCl. Now H2S is passed to precipitate all the Cd2+
ions. The pH of the solution after filtering off precipitate, boiling off H2S and making the solution 100 mL by adding
D
H2O is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
56.
IN
A well is dug in a bed of rock containing fluorspar (CaF2). If the well contains 20000 L of water, what is the amount
of F– in it ? Ksp = 4 × 10–11 (101/3 = 2.15)
(A) 4.3 mol (B) 6.8 mol (C) 8.6 mol (D) 13.6 mol
57. When different types of salts have nearly same solubility product constant KSP which are less than one. The most
S
soluble salt is that.
(A) Which produces maximum number of ions (B) Which produces minimum number of ions
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(C) Which produces more charge on ion (D) None of these

O
ET
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ETOOSINDIA
EXERCISE-2
PART-1
[PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS AIEEE/JEE MAIN]
1. The conjugate base of H2PO4– is [AIEEE-2004]
(1) PO43– (2) P2O5 (3) H3PO4 (4) HPO4 2–
2. The molar solubility (in mol L–1) of a sparingly soluble salt MX4 is s. The corresponding solubility product is Ksp.. s
is given in terms of Ksp by the relation [AIEEE-2004]
(1) s = (Ksp/128)1/4 (2) s = (128Ksp)1/4 (3) s = (256Ksp)1/5 (4) s = (Ksp/256)1/5
3. The solubility product of a salt having general formula MX2, in water is : 4 × 10–12. The concentration of M2+ ions in
the saturated aqueous solution of the salt is : [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 2.0 × 10–6 M (2) 1.0 × 10–4 M (3) 1.6 × 10–4 M (4) 4.0 × 10–10 M
4. What is the conjugate base of OH– ? [AIEEE-2005]
(1) O2 (2) H2O (3) O– (4) O2–
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5. Hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L in a solution of pH = 5.4 will be [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 3.98 × 108 (2) 3.88 × 106 (3) 3.68 × 10–6 (4) 3.98 × 10 –6
6. The first and second dissociation constants of an acid H2A are 1.0 × 10–5 and 5.0 × 10–10 respectively. The overall
D
dissociation constant of the acid will be [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 5.0 × 10–15 (2) 0.2 × 105 (3) 5.0 × 10–5 (4) 5.0 × 1015
7.
IN
The pKa of a weak acid (HA) is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffered solution of HA, in which 50% of the acid is
ionized, is : [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 9.5 (2) 7.0 (3) 4.5 (4) 2.5
8. In a saturated solution of the sparingly soluble strong electrolyte AgIO3 (Molecular mass = 283) the equilibrium
S
which sets in is AgIO3(s) Ag+(aq) + O–3(aq)
If the solubility product constant Ksp of AgO3 at a given temperature is 1.0 × 10–8, what is the mass of AgO3
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contained in 100 ml of its saturated solution? [AIEEE-2007]

(1) 1.0 × 10–7 g (2) 1.0 × 10–4 g –2
(3) 28.3 × 10 g (4) 2.83 × 10 g –3
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9. The pKa of a weak acid, HA, is 4.80. The pKb of a weak base, BOH, is 4.78. The pH of an aqueous solution of the
corresponding salt, BA, will be [AIEEE-2008]
ET
(1) 4.79 (2) 7.01 (3) 9.22 (4) 9.58

10. Solid Ba(NO3)2 is gradually dissolved in 1.0 × 10–4 M Na2CO3 solution. At what concentration of Ba2+ will a precipitate
begin to form ? (Ksp for BaCO3 = 5.1 × 10–9) : [AIEEE-2009]
–5 –8 –7 –5
(1) 5.1 × 10 M (2) 8.1 × 10 M (3) 8.1 × 10 M (4) 4.1 × 10 M
11. Solubility product of silver bromide is 5.0 × 10–13 . This quantity of potassium bromide (molar mass taken as 120 g
mol–1) to be added to 1 litre of 0.05 M solution of silver nitrate to start the precipitation of AgBr is : [AIEEE-2010]
(1) 1.2 × 10–10 g (2) 1.2 × 10–9 g (3) 6.2 × 10–5 g (4) 5.0 × 10–8 g
12. At 25°C, the solubility product of Mg(OH)2 is 1.0  10–11. At Which pH, will Mg2+ ions start precipitating in the form
of Mg(OH)2 from a solution of 0.001 M Mg2+ ions ? [AIEEE-2010]
(1) 9 (2) 10 (3) 11 (4) 8
13. Three reactions involving H2PO4– are given below : [AIEEE-2010]
(i) H3PO4 + H2O  H3O + H2PO4 (ii) H2PO4 + H2O  HPO4 + H3O (iii) H2PO4 + OH  H3PO4 + O2–
+ – – 2– + – –
In which of the above does H2PO4– act as an acid ?

(1) (ii) only (2) (i) and (ii) (3) (iii) only (4) (i) only
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ETOOSINDIA
14. In aqueous solution the ionization constants for carbonic acid are [AIEEE-2010]
K1 = 4.2 × 10–7 and K2 = 4.8 × 10–11
Select the correct statement for a saturated 0.034 M solution of the carbonic acid.
(1) The concentration of CO32– is 0.034 M.
(2) The concentration of CO32– is greater than that of HCO3–.
(3) The concentration of H+ and HCO3– are approximately equal.
(4) The concentration of H+ is double that of CO32–.
15. How many litres of water must be added to 1 litre an aqueous solution of HCl with a pH of 1 to create an aqueous
solution with pH of 2 ? [JEE(Main) 2013]
(1) 0.1 L (2) 0.9 L (3) 2.0 L (4) 9.0 L
16. Which of the following salts is the most basic in aqueous solution ? [JEE(Main) 2018]
(1) CH3 COOK (2) FeCl3 (3) Pb (CH3 COO)2 (4) Al (CN)3
17. An aqueous solution contains 0.10 M H2S and 0.20 M HCl. If the equilibrium constants for the formation of HS– from
IA
H2S is 1.0 × 10–7 and that of S2– from HS– ions is 1.2 ×10–13 then the concentration of S2– ions in aqueous solution is:
[JEE(Main) 2018]
(1) 3 × 10–20 (2) 6 × 10–21 (3) 5 × 10–19 (4) 5 × 10–8
D
PART-2
[PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS IIT-JEE ADVANCED]
IN
1. A weak acid HX has the dissociation constant 1 × 10–5 M. It forms a salt NaX on reaction with alkali. The percentage
hydrolysis of 0.1 M solution of NaX is : [JEE-2004]
(A) 0.0001% (B) 0.01 % (C) 0.1 % (D) 0.15 %
S
2. 0.1 M NaOH is titrated with 0.1 M HA till the end point; Ka for HA is 5.6 × 10–6 and degree of hydrolysis is less
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compared to 1. Calculate pH of the resulting solution at the end point. [JEE-2004]

3. 0.1 mole of CH3NH2 (Kb = 5 × 10–4) is mixed with 0.08 mole of HCl and diluted to one litre. What will be the H+
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concentration in the solution? What will be the H+ concentration in the solution? [JEE-2005]
–2 –11 –11 –5
(A) 8 × 10 M (B) 8 × 10 M (C) 1.6 × 10 M (D) 8 × 10 M
ET
2 2
4. 2.5 mL of M weak monoacidic base (Kb = 1 x 10–12 at 25° C) is titrated with M HCl in water at 25°C. The
5 15
concentration of H+ at equivalence point is (Kw = 1 x 10–14 at 25°C) [JEE-2008]
(A) 3.7 x 10–14 M (B) 3.2 x 10–7 M (C) 3.2 x 10–2 M (D) 2.7 x 10–2 M
5. Solubility product constant (Ksp) of salts of types MX, MX2 and M3X at temperature T are 4.0 × 10–8, 3.2 × 10–14 and
2.7 × 10–15, respectively. Solubilities (mol dm–3) of the salts at temperature T are in the order: [JEE-2008]
(A) MX > MX2 > M3X (B) M3X > MX2 > MX
(C) MX2 > M3X > MX (D) MX > M3X > MX2
6. The dissociation constant of a substituted benzoic acid at 25ºC is 1.0 × 10–4 . The pH of 0.01 M solution of its sodium
salt is [JEE-2009]
7. Amongst the following, the total number of compounds whose aqueous solution turns red litmus paper blue is :
[JEE-2010]
KCN K2SO4 (NH4)2C2O4 NaCl Zn(NO3)2
FeCl3 K2CO3 NH4NO3 LiCN
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ETOOSINDIA
8. Aqueous solutions of HNO3, KOH, CH3COOH, and CH3COONa of identical concentrations are provided. The pair
(s) of solutions which form a buffer upon mixing is (are) : [JEE-2010]
(A) HNO3 and CH3COOH (B) KOH and CH3COONa
(C) HNO3 and CH3COONa (D) CH3COOH and CH3COONa
9. In 1 L saturated solution of AgCl [Ksp(AgCl) = 1.6 × 10–10], 0.1 mol of CuCl [Ksp(CuCl) = 1.0 × 10–6] is added. The
resultant concentation of Ag+ in the solution is 1.6 × 10–x. The value of "x" is : [JEE-2011]
10. The initial rate of hydrolysis of methyl acetate (1M) by a weak acid (HA, 1M) is 1/100th of that of a strong acid (HX,
1M), at 25C. The Ka of HA is : [JEE(Advanced) -2013]
(A) 1  10–4 (B) 1  10–5 (C) 1  10–6 (D) 1  10–3
11. MX2 dissociates into M2+ and X– ions in an aqueous solution, with a degree of dissociation () of 0.5. The ratio of
the observed depression of freezing point of the aqueous solution to the value of the depression of freezing point
in the absence of ionic dissociation is [JEE(Advanced) -2014]
12. The correct statement(s) about the oxoacids, HClO4 and HClO, is(are) [JEE(Advanced) -2017]
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(A) The central atom in both HClO4 and HClO is sp3 hybridized
(B) HClO4 is formed in the reaction between Cl2 and H2O
(C) The conjugate base of HClO4 is weaker base than H2O
(D) HClO4 is more acidic than HClO because of the resonance stabilization of its anion
D
13. The solubility of a salt of weak acid (AB) at pH 3 is Y mol L-1. The value of Y is ____.
(Given that the value of solubility product of AB(Ksp) = 2 and the value of ionization constant of HB
(Ka) = 1 10–8)
IN [JEE(Advanced) -2018]
14. Dilution processes of different aqueous solutions, with water, are given in LIST-I. The effects of dilution of the
solution on [H+] are given in LIST-II.
(Note : degree of dissociation () of weak acid and weak base is <<1; degree of hydrolysis of salt <<1; [H+]
S
represents the concentration of H+ ions) [JEE(Advanced) -2018]
LIST - I LIST-II
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(P) (10 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 20 mL of 0.1 M acetic (1) The value of [H+] does not change on dilution
acid) diluted to 60 mL
(Q) (20 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 20 mL of 0.1 M acetic (2) The value of [H+] changes to held of its initial value
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dilution acid) diluted to 80 mL on dilution

(R) (20 mL of 0.1 M HCl + 20 mL of 0.1 M ammonia (3) The value of [H+] changes to two times of its initial value
ET
solution) diluted to 80 mL on dilution

1
(S) 10 mL saturated solution of Ni(OH)2 in (4) The value of [H]+ changes to times of its initial
2
equilibrium with excess solid Ni(OH)2 is diluted value on dilution
to 20 mL (solid Ni(OH)2 is still present after
dilution). (5) The value of [H+] changes to 2 times of its initial value
on dilution
Match each process given in LIST-I with one or more effect(s) in LIST-II, the correct option is
(A) P  4, 5 ; Q  2 ; R  3 ; S  1
(B) P  4, 4 ; Q  3 ; R  2 ; S  3
(C) P  1 ; Q  4 ; R  5 ; S  3
(D) P  1, 5 ; Q  5 ; R  4 ; S  1
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ETOOSINDIA
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. A

14. D 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. B
27. D 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. A
40. C 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. A 46. D 47. D 48. A 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. C
53. B 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. A
EXERCISE - 2 : PART # 1
1. 4 2. 4 3. 2 4. 4 5. 4 6. 1 7. 1 8. 4 9. 2
10. 1 11. 2 12. 2 13. 1 14. 3 15. 4 16. 1 17. 1
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PART # 2
1. B 2.8.98  9 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. 8 7. 3 8. C, D 9. 7 10. A 11. 2
D
12. A, C, D 13. 4.47×10–3 14. D
IN
S
O
O
ET
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26
EXERCISE-1
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. A
7 A 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. B
13. D 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B
19. D 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C
25. A 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. B
31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. A
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37. C 38. D 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. A
D
43. A
INTEGER TYPE
IN
44. 32 45. 0.13 46. 4 47. 10 atm 48. 0.1M
S
49. 5 50. 26 51. 40 52. 41.66
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PART-A
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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]

1. 1 2. 4 3. 3 4. 3 5. 2 6. 1 7. 4 8. 4 9. 1
ET
10. 1 11. 1 12. 1 13. 2 14. 4 15. 4 16. 1 17. 4 18. 4

19. 4 20. 2 21. 3
PART - B
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS [IIT-JEE ADVANCED]
1.(i) 8.1 × 10–5mol/, 0.049 atm2 (ii) No change.
2. 1 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. D
10. B,C,D 11. A,B,C 12. B 13.C 14.8.92 or 8.93
27
ETOOSINDIA
EXERCISE-1
1. The dissociation constant of acetic acid at a given temperature is 1.69 × 10–5. The degree of dissociation of 0.01 M
acetic acid in the presence of 0.01 M HCl is equal to
(A) 0.41 (B) 0.13 (C) 1.69 × 10–3 (D) 0.013.
2. The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 100 ml of 0.2 M CH3COOH with 100 ml of 0.2 M NaOH would be :
(pKa for CH3COOH = 4.74)
(A) 4.74 (B) 8.87 (C) 9.10 (D) 8.57
3. pH of 0.1M Na2HPO4 and 0.2M NaH2PO4 are respectively : pKa for H3PO4 are 2.2, 7.2 and 12.0.
(A) 4.7, 9.6 (B) 9.6, 4.7 (C) 4.7, 5.6 (D) 5.6, 4.7
4. pH for the solution of salt undergoing anionic hydrolysis (say CH3COONa) is given by:
(A) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKa + logC] (B) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKa – logC]
(C) pH = 1/2 [pKw + pKb – logC] (D) None of these
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5. The ratio of dissociation constant of two weak acids HA and HB is 4. At what moar concentration ratio, the two acids
will have same pH in separate solutions:
(A) 2 (B) 0.5 (C) 4 (D) 0.25
D
6. 10 mL, of a strong acid solution of pH = 2.000 are mixed with 990 mL of another strong acid solution of pH = 4.000.
The pH of the resulting solution will be:
(A) 4.002 (B) 4.000 (C) 4.200 (D) 3.7
IN
7. When 0.1 mole solid NaOH is added in 1lt of 0.1M NH3(aq) then which statement is going to wrong?
(Kb = 2 × 10–5, log 2 = 0.3)
(A) degree of dissociation of NH3 approaches to zero.
(B) change in pH would be 1.85
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(C) conc of [Na+] = 0.1M, [NH3] = 0.1M, [OH–] = 0.2M
(D) on addition of OH–, Kb of NH3 does not changes.
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8. Ka for formic acid and acetic acid are 2.1 × 10–4 and 1.1 × 10–5 respectively. The relative strenth of acids is:
(A) 19 : 1 (B) 2.3 : 1 (C) 1 : 2.1 (D) 4.37 : 1
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9. Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is x, the volume of 1 M NaOH added to 100 mL of this solution if change the pH
by 1 is
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(A) 0.1 x mL (B) 10 x mL (C) 100 x mL (D) x mL

10. What fraction of an indicator Hln is in basic form at a pH of 6 if the pKa of the indicator is 5 ?
1 1 10 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 11 11 10
11. A certain indicator (an organic dye) has pKa = 5. For which of the following titrations may it be suitable.
(A) acetic acid against NaOH (B) aniline hydrochloride against NaOH
(C) sodium carbonate against HCl (D) barium hydroxide against oxalic acid
12. Which is/are correct statements :
pH
(A) When 100 ml of 0.1 M NaCN solution is titrated with 0.1 M HCl solution
the variation of pH of solution with volume of HCl added will be (as shown in figure):
volume of HCl added
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ETOOSINDIA
(B) Variation of degree of dissociation  with concentration for a weak

electrolyte at a particular temperature is best represented by
(as shown in figure) :
(C) 0.1 M acetic acid solution is titrated against 0.1 M NaOH solution. The difference in pH between 1/4 and
3/4 stages of neutralization of acid will be 2 log 3.
(A) a & c (B) b & c (C) a, b & c (D) b only
13. If 50 ml of 0.2 M KOH is added to 40 ml of 0.5 M HCOOH. the pH of the resulting solution is:
(Ka = 1.8 × 10–4, log 18 = 1.26)
(A) 3.74 (B) 5.64 (C) 7.57 (D) 3.42
14. Which of the following solutions would have same pH?
IA
(A) 100 ml of 0.2 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.4 M NH3 (B) 50 ml of 0.1 M HCl + 50 ml of 0.2 M NH3
(C) 100 ml of 0.3 M HCl + 100 ml of 0.6 M NH3 (D) All will have same pH.
15. 100 mL of 0.02 M benzoic acid (pKa = 4.2) is titrated using 0.02 M NaOH. pH after 50 mL and 100 mL of NaOH have
D
been added are
(A) 3.50, 7 (B) 4.2, 7 IN (C) 4.2, 8.1 (D) 4.2, 8.25
16. Aniline behaves as a weak base. When 0.1 M, 50 ml solution of aniline was mixed with 0.1 M, 25 ml solution of HCl
the pH of resulting solution was 8. Then the pH of 0.01 M solution of aniliniumchloride will be
(Kw = 10–14)
(A) 6 (B) 6.5 (C) 5 (D) 5.5
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17. To prepare a buffer of pH 8.26 amount of (NH4)2 SO4 to be added to 500 mL of 0.01 M NH4OH solution
[pKa (NH4+) = 9.26] is
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(A) 0.05 mole (B) 0.025 mole (C) 0.10 mole (D) 0.005 mole
18. An acid-base indicator which is a weak acid has a pKIn value = 5.45. At what cocentration ratio of sodium acetate to
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acetic acid would the indicator show a colour half-way between those of its acid and conjugate base forms? [pKa
of acetic acid = 4.75, log 2 = 0.3]
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 6 : 1 (C) 5 : 1 (D) 3 : 1
ET
19. What will be the pH at the equivalence point during the titration of a 100 mL 0.2 M solution of CH3COONa with
0.2 M solution of HCl ? Ka = 2 × 10–5.
(A) 3 – log 2 (B) 3 + log 2 (C) 3 – log 2 (D) 3 + log 2
20. A weak acid (HA) after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base (BOH) has a pH of 5. At the end point, the volume
of same base required is 27 mL. Ka of acid is (log2 = 0.3)
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8 × 10–5
21. A buffer solution contains 1 mole of (NH4)2SO4 and 1 mole of NH4OH (Kb = 10–5). The pH of solution will be :
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 5.3 (D) 8.7
22. A solution is a mixture of 0.05 M KCl and 0.05 M NaI. The concentration of I— in the solution when AgCl just starts
to precipitate is equal to: (KSPAgCl = 10–10 M2; KSPAgI = 4 × 10–16 M2)
(A) 4 × 10–6 M (B) 2 × 10–8 M (C) 2 × 10–7 M (D) 8 × 10–15 M
23. A solution of Na2CO3 is added drop by drop to litre of a solution containing 10–4 mole of Ba2+ and 10–5 mole of Ag+,
if KSP for BaCO3 is 8.1 × 10–9 and KSP for Ag2CO3 is 6.9 × 10–12 then which is not true:
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ETOOSINDIA
(A) No precipitate of BaCO3 will appear until [ CO 23  ] reaches 8.1 × 10–5 mol per litre
(B) A precipitate of Ag2CO3 will appear when [ CO 23  ] reaches 6.9 × 10–5 mol litre–1
(C) No precipitate of Ag2CO3 will appear until [ CO 23  ] reaches 6.9 × 10–2 mole per litre
(D) BaCO3 will be precipitated first
24. The solubility of PbCl2 in water is 0.01 M 25oC. Its maximum concentration in 0.1 M NaCl will be:
(A) 2 × 10–3 M (B) 1 × 10–4 M (C) 1.6 × 10–2 M (D) 4 × 10–4 M
25. The volume of the water needed to dissolve 1 g of BaSO4 (KSP = 1.1 × 10–10) at 25oC is:
(A) 280 litre (B) 410 litre (C) 205 litre (D) None of these
26. M(OH)x has KSP 4 × 10–12 and solubility 10–4 M. The value of x is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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27. Which statement is/are correct:
(A) All Bronsted bases are also Lewis bases (B) All Bronsted acids are not Lewis acids
(C) All cations are acids and anions are bases (D) All of these
28. The pH of an acidic buffer mixture is:
D
(A) > 7 (B) < 7 (C) = 7 (D) Depends upon Ka of acid
29. From separate solutions of for sodium salts NaW, NaX, NaY and NaZ has pH 7.0, 9.0 10.0 and 11.0 respectively.
IN
When each solution was 0.1 M, the strongest acid is:
(A) HW (B) HX (C) HY (D) HZ
30. pH of a mixture containing 0.10 M X– and 0.20 M HX is: [pKb (X–) = 4]
(A) 4 + log 2 (B) 4 – log 2 (C) 10 + log 2 (D) 10 – log 2
S
31. Solution of aniline hydrochloride is X due to hydrolysis of Y. X and Y are :
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(A) Basic, C6H5 NH3 (B) Acidic, C6H5 NH3 (C) Basic, CI– (D) Acidic, CI–
32. Strong acids are generally used as standard solution in acid-base titrations because:
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(A) The pH at equivalence point will be 7 (B) They titrate both strong and weak base
(C) They form more stable solutions than weak acids (D) The salts of strong acids do not hydrolyse
ET
33. The pKa of acetylasliclic acid (aspirin) is 3.5. The pH of gastric juice in human stomach is about 2-3 and the pH in the
small intestine is about 8. Aspirin will be:
(A) Unionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(B) Completely ionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(C)Ionised in the stomach and almost unisonised in the small intestine
(D) Ionised in the small intestine and almost unionized in the stomach
34. Fear or excitement, generally cause one to breathe rapidly and it results in the decrease of concentration of CO2 in
blood. In what way it will change pH of blood.
(A) pH will increase (B) pH will decrease (C) No change (D) pH will be 7
35. The composition of an acidic buffer mixture made up of HA and NaA of total molarity 0.29 having pH = 4.4 and
Ka = 1.8 × 10–5 in terms of concentration of salt and acid respectively is :
(A) 0.09 M and 0.20 M (B) 0.20 M and 0.09 (C) 0.1 M and 0.19 M (D) 0.19 M and 010 M
36. A weak acid HA after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base BOH has a pH of 5. At the end point the volume of
same base required is 26.6 mL . Calculate Ka of acid is :
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B) 8.22 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8.2 × 10–5
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ETOOSINDIA
37. In which of the following combinations, is buffer action expected?
1. NH3 + NH4Cl in 1 : 1 mole ratio 2. HCl + NaCl in 1 : 1 mole ratio
3. NH3 + HCl in 2 : 1 mole ratio
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
–
38. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of X and HX. The Kb for X– is 10–10. The pH of the buffer is:
(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 10 (D) 14
39. 50 mL of 2N acetic acid mixed with 10 mL of 1N sodium acetate solution will have an approximate pH of
(Ka = 10–5)
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
40. The solubility of CaF2 (Ksp = 3.4 × 10–11) in 0.1 M solution of NaF would be
(A) 3.4 × 10–12 M (B) 3.4 × 10–10 M (C) 3.4 × 10–9 M (D) 3.4 × 10–13 M.
41. The solubility of Ag2CO3 in water at 250C is 1 × 104 mole/litre. What is its solubility in 0.01 M Na2CO3 solution?
IA
Assume no hydrolysis of CO32 ion.
(A) 6 × 106 mole/litre (B) 4 × 105 mole/litre (C) 105 mole /litre (D) 2 × 105 mole/litre
42. In a saturated solution of Ag2CO3, silver ion concentration is 2 × 10–4 M. Its solubility product is
D
(A) 4 × 10–12 (B) 3.2 × 10–11 (C) 8 × 10–12 (D) 10–12
43. Let the solubilities of AgCl in pure water, 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.01 M NaCl & 0.05 M AgNO3 be s1, s2, s3 & s4 respectively
what is the correct order of these quantities . Neglect any complexation.
(A) s1 > s2 > s3 > s4
IN
(B) s1 > s2 = s3 > s4 (C) s1 > s3 > s2 > s4 (D) s4 > s2 > s3 > s1
44. The solubility product of BaCrO4 is 2.4 × 10–10 M2. The maximum concentration of Ba(NO3)2 possible without
precipitation in a 6 × 10–4 M K2CrO4 solution is
(A) 4 × 10–7 M (B) 1.2 × 1010 M (C) 6 × 10–4 M (D) 3 × 10–4 M.
S
45. What is the solubility of Al(OH)3, (Ksp = 1 × 10–33) in a buffer solution pH = 4 ?
O
(A) 10–3 M (B) 10–6 M (C) 10–4 M (D) 10–10 M.

46. The solubility of Fe(OH)3 would be maximum in
O
(A) 0.1 M NaOH (B) 0.1 M HCl (C) 0.1 M KOH (D) 0.1 M H2SO4.
47. The best explanation for the solubility of MnS in dilute HCl is that :
ET
(A) Solubility product of MnCl2 is less than that of MnS

(B) Concentration of Mn2+ is lowered by the formation of complex ions with chloride ions
(C) Concentration of sulphide ions is lowered by oxidation to free sulphur
(D) Concentration of sulphide ions is lowered by formation of weak acid H2S
48. The solubility product of AgCl is 1.8 × 10–10. Precipitation of AgCl will occur only when equal volumes of solutions
of
(A) 10–4M Ag+ and 10–4 M Cl– are mixed. (B) 10–7 M Ag+ and 10–7 M Cl– are mixed.
(C) 10–5 M Ag+ and 10–5 M Cl– are mixed. (D) 2 × 10–5 M Ag+ and 2 × 10–5 M Cl– are mixed.
49. Arrange in increasing order of solubility of AgBr in the given solutions.
(i) 0.1 M NH3 (ii) 0.1 M AgNO3 (iii) 0.2 M NaBr (iv) pure water
(A) (iii) < (ii) < (iv) < (i) (B) (iii) < (ii) < (i) < (iv) (C) (iii) < (ii) = (i) < (iv) (D) (ii) < (iii) < (iv) < (i)
50. A solution containing a mixture of 0.05 M NaCl and 0.05 M NaI is taken (Ksp of AgCl = 10–10 and Ksp of
AgI =4×10–16 ). When AgNO3 is added to such a solution.
(A) the concentration of Ag+ required to precipitate Cl– = 4 ×10–9 mol/L.
(B) the concentration of Ag+ required to precipitate I– = 8 × 10–15 mol/L.
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ETOOSINDIA
(C) AgCl and AgI will be precipitated together.
(D) None of these
51. At 25ºC, the solubility product values of AgCl and AgCNS are 1.8 x 1010 and 1.6 x 1011 respectively. When
a solution is saturated with both solids, calculate the ratio [Cl]/[CNS] and also [Ag+] in the solution.
(A) 1.125, 4 × 106 M (B) 11.25, 1.4 × 105 M (C) 1.25, 4 ×105 M (D) 1.25, 4 × 106 M
52. What is the minimum pH when Fe(OH)3 starts precipitating from a solution containing 0.1M FeCl3?
Ksp of Fe(OH)3 = 8 × 10–13 M3
(A) 3.7 (B) 5.7 (C) 10.3 (D) 8.3
53. A solution prepared by dissolving 2.8 g of lime (CaO) in enough water to make 1.00 L of lime water (Ca(OH)2(aq.)).
If solubility of Ca(OH)2 in water is 1.48 gm/lt. The pH of the solution obtained will be:
[log 2 = 0.3, Ca = 40 , O = 16, H = 1]
(A) 12.3 (B) 12.6 (C) 1.3 (D) 13
54. The solubility product of AgCl is 10–10. The minimum volume (in L) of water required to dissolve 1.722 mg of AgCl is
IA
(molecular weight of AgCl = 143.5).
(A) 10 lt. (B) 2.2 lt. (C) 1.2 lt. (D) 20 lt.
55. 0.1 millimole of CdSO4 are present in 10 mL acid solution of 0.08 N HCl. Now H2S is passed to precipitate all the Cd2+
ions. The pH of the solution after filtering off precipitate, boiling off H2S and making the solution 100 mL by adding
D
H2O is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
56.
IN
A well is dug in a bed of rock containing fluorspar (CaF2). If the well contains 20000 L of water, what is the amount
of F– in it ? Ksp = 4 × 10–11 (101/3 = 2.15)
(A) 4.3 mol (B) 6.8 mol (C) 8.6 mol (D) 13.6 mol
57. When different types of salts have nearly same solubility product constant KSP which are less than one. The most
S
soluble salt is that.
(A) Which produces maximum number of ions (B) Which produces minimum number of ions
O
(C) Which produces more charge on ion (D) None of these

O
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ETOOSINDIA
EXERCISE-2
PART-1
[PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS AIEEE/JEE MAIN]
1. The conjugate base of H2PO4– is [AIEEE-2004]
(1) PO43– (2) P2O5 (3) H3PO4 (4) HPO4 2–
2. The molar solubility (in mol L–1) of a sparingly soluble salt MX4 is s. The corresponding solubility product is Ksp.. s
is given in terms of Ksp by the relation [AIEEE-2004]
(1) s = (Ksp/128)1/4 (2) s = (128Ksp)1/4 (3) s = (256Ksp)1/5 (4) s = (Ksp/256)1/5
3. The solubility product of a salt having general formula MX2, in water is : 4 × 10–12. The concentration of M2+ ions in
the saturated aqueous solution of the salt is : [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 2.0 × 10–6 M (2) 1.0 × 10–4 M (3) 1.6 × 10–4 M (4) 4.0 × 10–10 M
4. What is the conjugate base of OH– ? [AIEEE-2005]
(1) O2 (2) H2O (3) O– (4) O2–
IA
5. Hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L in a solution of pH = 5.4 will be [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 3.98 × 108 (2) 3.88 × 106 (3) 3.68 × 10–6 (4) 3.98 × 10 –6
6. The first and second dissociation constants of an acid H2A are 1.0 × 10–5 and 5.0 × 10–10 respectively. The overall
D
dissociation constant of the acid will be [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 5.0 × 10–15 (2) 0.2 × 105 (3) 5.0 × 10–5 (4) 5.0 × 1015
7.
IN
The pKa of a weak acid (HA) is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffered solution of HA, in which 50% of the acid is
ionized, is : [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 9.5 (2) 7.0 (3) 4.5 (4) 2.5
8. In a saturated solution of the sparingly soluble strong electrolyte AgIO3 (Molecular mass = 283) the equilibrium
S
which sets in is AgIO3(s) Ag+(aq) + O–3(aq)
If the solubility product constant Ksp of AgO3 at a given temperature is 1.0 × 10–8, what is the mass of AgO3
O
contained in 100 ml of its saturated solution? [AIEEE-2007]

(1) 1.0 × 10–7 g (2) 1.0 × 10–4 g –2
(3) 28.3 × 10 g (4) 2.83 × 10 g –3
O
9. The pKa of a weak acid, HA, is 4.80. The pKb of a weak base, BOH, is 4.78. The pH of an aqueous solution of the
corresponding salt, BA, will be [AIEEE-2008]
ET
(1) 4.79 (2) 7.01 (3) 9.22 (4) 9.58

10. Solid Ba(NO3)2 is gradually dissolved in 1.0 × 10–4 M Na2CO3 solution. At what concentration of Ba2+ will a precipitate
begin to form ? (Ksp for BaCO3 = 5.1 × 10–9) : [AIEEE-2009]
–5 –8 –7 –5
(1) 5.1 × 10 M (2) 8.1 × 10 M (3) 8.1 × 10 M (4) 4.1 × 10 M
11. Solubility product of silver bromide is 5.0 × 10–13 . This quantity of potassium bromide (molar mass taken as 120 g
mol–1) to be added to 1 litre of 0.05 M solution of silver nitrate to start the precipitation of AgBr is : [AIEEE-2010]
(1) 1.2 × 10–10 g (2) 1.2 × 10–9 g (3) 6.2 × 10–5 g (4) 5.0 × 10–8 g
12. At 25°C, the solubility product of Mg(OH)2 is 1.0  10–11. At Which pH, will Mg2+ ions start precipitating in the form
of Mg(OH)2 from a solution of 0.001 M Mg2+ ions ? [AIEEE-2010]
(1) 9 (2) 10 (3) 11 (4) 8
13. Three reactions involving H2PO4– are given below : [AIEEE-2010]
(i) H3PO4 + H2O  H3O + H2PO4 (ii) H2PO4 + H2O  HPO4 + H3O (iii) H2PO4 + OH  H3PO4 + O2–
+ – – 2– + – –
In which of the above does H2PO4– act as an acid ?

(1) (ii) only (2) (i) and (ii) (3) (iii) only (4) (i) only
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ETOOSINDIA
14. In aqueous solution the ionization constants for carbonic acid are [AIEEE-2010]
K1 = 4.2 × 10–7 and K2 = 4.8 × 10–11
Select the correct statement for a saturated 0.034 M solution of the carbonic acid.
(1) The concentration of CO32– is 0.034 M.
(2) The concentration of CO32– is greater than that of HCO3–.
(3) The concentration of H+ and HCO3– are approximately equal.
(4) The concentration of H+ is double that of CO32–.
15. How many litres of water must be added to 1 litre an aqueous solution of HCl with a pH of 1 to create an aqueous
solution with pH of 2 ? [JEE(Main) 2013]
(1) 0.1 L (2) 0.9 L (3) 2.0 L (4) 9.0 L
16. Which of the following salts is the most basic in aqueous solution ? [JEE(Main) 2018]
(1) CH3 COOK (2) FeCl3 (3) Pb (CH3 COO)2 (4) Al (CN)3
17. An aqueous solution contains 0.10 M H2S and 0.20 M HCl. If the equilibrium constants for the formation of HS– from
IA
H2S is 1.0 × 10–7 and that of S2– from HS– ions is 1.2 ×10–13 then the concentration of S2– ions in aqueous solution is:
[JEE(Main) 2018]
(1) 3 × 10–20 (2) 6 × 10–21 (3) 5 × 10–19 (4) 5 × 10–8
D
PART-2
[PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS IIT-JEE ADVANCED]
IN
1. A weak acid HX has the dissociation constant 1 × 10–5 M. It forms a salt NaX on reaction with alkali. The percentage
hydrolysis of 0.1 M solution of NaX is : [JEE-2004]
(A) 0.0001% (B) 0.01 % (C) 0.1 % (D) 0.15 %
S
2. 0.1 M NaOH is titrated with 0.1 M HA till the end point; Ka for HA is 5.6 × 10–6 and degree of hydrolysis is less
O
compared to 1. Calculate pH of the resulting solution at the end point. [JEE-2004]

3. 0.1 mole of CH3NH2 (Kb = 5 × 10–4) is mixed with 0.08 mole of HCl and diluted to one litre. What will be the H+
O
concentration in the solution? What will be the H+ concentration in the solution? [JEE-2005]
–2 –11 –11 –5
(A) 8 × 10 M (B) 8 × 10 M (C) 1.6 × 10 M (D) 8 × 10 M
ET
2 2
4. 2.5 mL of M weak monoacidic base (Kb = 1 x 10–12 at 25° C) is titrated with M HCl in water at 25°C. The
5 15
concentration of H+ at equivalence point is (Kw = 1 x 10–14 at 25°C) [JEE-2008]
(A) 3.7 x 10–14 M (B) 3.2 x 10–7 M (C) 3.2 x 10–2 M (D) 2.7 x 10–2 M
5. Solubility product constant (Ksp) of salts of types MX, MX2 and M3X at temperature T are 4.0 × 10–8, 3.2 × 10–14 and
2.7 × 10–15, respectively. Solubilities (mol dm–3) of the salts at temperature T are in the order: [JEE-2008]
(A) MX > MX2 > M3X (B) M3X > MX2 > MX
(C) MX2 > M3X > MX (D) MX > M3X > MX2
6. The dissociation constant of a substituted benzoic acid at 25ºC is 1.0 × 10–4 . The pH of 0.01 M solution of its sodium
salt is [JEE-2009]
7. Amongst the following, the total number of compounds whose aqueous solution turns red litmus paper blue is :
[JEE-2010]
KCN K2SO4 (NH4)2C2O4 NaCl Zn(NO3)2
FeCl3 K2CO3 NH4NO3 LiCN
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ETOOSINDIA
8. Aqueous solutions of HNO3, KOH, CH3COOH, and CH3COONa of identical concentrations are provided. The pair
(s) of solutions which form a buffer upon mixing is (are) : [JEE-2010]
(A) HNO3 and CH3COOH (B) KOH and CH3COONa
(C) HNO3 and CH3COONa (D) CH3COOH and CH3COONa
9. In 1 L saturated solution of AgCl [Ksp(AgCl) = 1.6 × 10–10], 0.1 mol of CuCl [Ksp(CuCl) = 1.0 × 10–6] is added. The
resultant concentation of Ag+ in the solution is 1.6 × 10–x. The value of "x" is : [JEE-2011]
10. The initial rate of hydrolysis of methyl acetate (1M) by a weak acid (HA, 1M) is 1/100th of that of a strong acid (HX,
1M), at 25C. The Ka of HA is : [JEE(Advanced) -2013]
(A) 1  10–4 (B) 1  10–5 (C) 1  10–6 (D) 1  10–3
11. MX2 dissociates into M2+ and X– ions in an aqueous solution, with a degree of dissociation () of 0.5. The ratio of
the observed depression of freezing point of the aqueous solution to the value of the depression of freezing point
in the absence of ionic dissociation is [JEE(Advanced) -2014]
12. The correct statement(s) about the oxoacids, HClO4 and HClO, is(are) [JEE(Advanced) -2017]
IA
(A) The central atom in both HClO4 and HClO is sp3 hybridized
(B) HClO4 is formed in the reaction between Cl2 and H2O
(C) The conjugate base of HClO4 is weaker base than H2O
(D) HClO4 is more acidic than HClO because of the resonance stabilization of its anion
D
13. The solubility of a salt of weak acid (AB) at pH 3 is Y mol L-1. The value of Y is ____.
(Given that the value of solubility product of AB(Ksp) = 2 and the value of ionization constant of HB
(Ka) = 1 10–8)
IN [JEE(Advanced) -2018]
14. Dilution processes of different aqueous solutions, with water, are given in LIST-I. The effects of dilution of the
solution on [H+] are given in LIST-II.
(Note : degree of dissociation () of weak acid and weak base is <<1; degree of hydrolysis of salt <<1; [H+]
S
represents the concentration of H+ ions) [JEE(Advanced) -2018]
LIST - I LIST-II
O
(P) (10 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 20 mL of 0.1 M acetic (1) The value of [H+] does not change on dilution
acid) diluted to 60 mL
(Q) (20 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 20 mL of 0.1 M acetic (2) The value of [H+] changes to held of its initial value
O
dilution acid) diluted to 80 mL on dilution

(R) (20 mL of 0.1 M HCl + 20 mL of 0.1 M ammonia (3) The value of [H+] changes to two times of its initial value
ET
solution) diluted to 80 mL on dilution

1
(S) 10 mL saturated solution of Ni(OH)2 in (4) The value of [H]+ changes to times of its initial
2
equilibrium with excess solid Ni(OH)2 is diluted value on dilution
to 20 mL (solid Ni(OH)2 is still present after
dilution). (5) The value of [H+] changes to 2 times of its initial value
on dilution
Match each process given in LIST-I with one or more effect(s) in LIST-II, the correct option is
(A) P  4, 5 ; Q  2 ; R  3 ; S  1
(B) P  4, 4 ; Q  3 ; R  2 ; S  3
(C) P  1 ; Q  4 ; R  5 ; S  3
(D) P  1, 5 ; Q  5 ; R  4 ; S  1
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ETOOSINDIA
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. A

14. D 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. B
27. D 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. A
40. C 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. A 46. D 47. D 48. A 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. C
53. B 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. A
EXERCISE - 2 : PART # 1
1. 4 2. 4 3. 2 4. 4 5. 4 6. 1 7. 1 8. 4 9. 2
10. 1 11. 2 12. 2 13. 1 14. 3 15. 4 16. 1 17. 1
IA
PART # 2
1. B 2.8.98  9 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. 8 7. 3 8. C, D 9. 7 10. A 11. 2
D
12. A, C, D 13. 4.47×10–3 14. D
IN
S
O
O
ET
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Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium

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CHEMISTRY

Crash Course for

(a) 2 A + 3 B 2C (b) 2 A 4B (c) A + B + 2C 4D

(A) (RT)–3 , (RT)2, (RT)º (B) (RT)–3 , (RT)–2, (RT)–1

A(g) B(g) + C(g) + D(g)

Vapour density of the equilibrium mixture is 50 when it dissociates to the extent to

(A) 120 (B) 130 (C) 134 (D) 140

(A) Increase the yield of NO (B) Decrease the yield of NO

(A) 3/2 (B) 2/3 (C) 3/1 (D) 1/3

(A) 1.3 (B) 0.3 (C) 0.7 (D) 0.4

10. In the reaction, 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)

(A) Unchanged (B) Decreased (C) Increased (D) None of these

(A) 40 × 10–4 (B) 4 × 10–4

(C) 4 × 10–2 (D) Difficult to compute without more data

15. In the study of the reaction –Cl2 + PCl3 PCl5

(A) One -fourth of the first (B) Half of the first

(A) < 0.2 (B) > 0.2 (C)  = 0.2 (D)  = 0

(A) 1.1 (B) 2.1 (C) 1.7 (D) 0.9

(A) 1 (B) 81 (C) 10 (D) 10–1

H2O(g) + CO(g) H2(g) + CO2(g)

Kc of the reaction will be -

(A) 0.444 (B) 0.555 (C) 0.666 (D) 0.786

(ii) CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g); K2

22. For NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g), if Kp = 64 atm2, equilibrium pressure of mixture

respectively are in the ratio of 1 : 9. If the degree of dissociation of X and Z be equal

then the ratio of total pressures at these equilibria is -

(A) 0.18 (B) 0.30 (C) 0.11 (D) 0.17

The progress of the reaction A nB with time is shown.

(A) 0 (B) 0.5 (C) 1 (D) 1.5

(A) 1/9 (B) 1/81 (C) 1/27 (D) 1/3

34. An exothermic reaction is represented by the graph

(A) 1.0 (B) 1.5 (C) 2.166 (D) 0.334

C (diamond) C (graphite)rH = –1.9 kJ/mole

favourable conditions for formation of diamond are

(A) 4/5 (B) 7/4 (C) 4/7 (D) None of these

42. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) l 2NH3 (g)H = – 24 kJ/mole

A(s) + 2B (aq) l 2C (s) + D (aq) K = 1020

4HNO3 (g) 4NO2(g) + 2H2O (g) + O2 (g)

A2(g) + B2(g) C2(g) + D2(g)

48. At a certain temperature, equilibrium constant KC = 4 × 10–2 for the reaction

N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)

A2 (g) B2(g) + C2 (g)

Calculate the average molar mass (in gm/mol) of an equilibrium mixture.

52. Vapour density of the equilibrium mixture of the reaction

Percent dissociation (%) of ammonia gas is:

(3)N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (4) SO2Cl2(g) SO2(g) + Cl2(g)

(3) H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O2 (g) (4) none of these

(3)lowering the temperature and increasing the pressure

reaction is [AIEEE 2003]

(1) KC = [P4O10]/[P4] [O2]5 (2) KC = 1/[O2]5 [AIEEE 2004]

(3) KC = [O2]5 (4) KC = [P4O10]/5[P4] [O2]

(1) 1/RT (2) 1.0 (3) RT (4) RT

(3) Kp is less than Kc (4)Kp is greater than Kc

(1) Adding F2 (2) Increasing the volume of container

(3) Removing Cl2 (4) Increasing the temperature

(1) 0.11 (2) 0.17 (3) 0.18 (4) 0.30

If total pressure at equilibrium of the reaction mixture is P and degree of dissociation of

(B)CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g); K2

(C)CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) CO2(g) + 4H2(g); K3

Which of the following relations is correct ? [AIEEE 2008]

14. The equilibrium constants KP

(3)forward direction because Q > KC (4) reverse direction because Q > KC