Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IDM Baseball
IDM Baseball
P r o d u c t D e v e l o p m e n t Fo r A c t i v e We a r
Aswathy Sudhakaran
BFT/17/164
RESEARCH: BASEBALL SPORT
INTRODUCTION
Baseball is a game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two
teams of
nine players each on a field with four white bases laid out in a diamond
shaped field. Teams alternate positions as batters (offense) and fielders
(defense). There are 9 innings for each team and the team switches their
offense-defense position after 3 outs. As batters, players try to hit
the ball out of the reach of the fielding team and make a complete circuit
around the bases for a “run.” The team that scores the most runs in nine
innings wins the game.
HISTORY
In September 1845, a group of New York City men founded the New
York Knickerbocker Baseball Club. One of them—volunteer
firefighter and bank clerk Alexander Joy Cartwright formed a new
set of rules that would form the basis for modern baseball, calling
for a diamond-shaped infield, foul lines and the three-strike rule and
eliminated the dodge ball-style rule that, to get a runner out, you
could hit him with a thrown ball.
In 1846, the Knickerbockers played the first official game of
baseball against a team of cricket players, beginning a new, uniquely
American tradition and went on to being recognized as America’s
national pass time.
In 1857, a convention of amateur teams were called to discuss rules
and other issues. Twenty five teams from the northeast sent
delegates. The following year, they formed the National Association
of Base Ball Players, the first organized baseball league. In its first
year of operation, the league supported itself by occasionally
charging fans for admission.
In the early 1860s, during the Civil War, the number of baseball
clubs dropped dramatically. But interest in baseball was carried to
other parts of the country by Union soldiers, and when the war
ended there were more people playing baseball than ever before.
As the league grew, so did the expenses of playing. Charging
admission to games started to become more common, and teams
often had to seek out donations or sponsors to make trips. In order
for teams to get the financial support they needed, winning became
very important. Although the league was supposed to be comprised
of amateurs, many players were secretly paid. Some were given jobs
by sponsors, and some were secretly paid a salary just for playing.
In 1869, the Cincinnati Red Stockings decided to become a
completely professional team. Brothers Harry and George Wright
recruited the best players from around the country, and beat all
comers. The Cincinnati team won sixty-five games and lost none. The
idea of paid players quickly caught on.
Some wanted baseball to remain an amateur endeavor, but there was
no way they could compete with the professional teams. The amateur
teams began to fade away as the best players became professionals.
In 1871, the National Association became the first professional
baseball league.
Baseball started to influence America culturally and socially as
baseball references phrases became part of the national dictionary
and the game became the subject of songs, poems , articles, novels
Role of baseball in racial integration in the US
BASELINE
A baseline is the straight line between two adjacent bases. Baselines are
not drawn on the field, although the foul lines serve to mark the baseline
between home plate and first base, and between third base and home.
RUNNING BASELINE
Generally, base runners are not required to follow the baseline. A base
runner seeking to advance more than one base typically "rounds" the
base, following a more circular path.
RUNNING LANE
Beginning halfway between home and first base, and ending at first
base, there is a second chalk line to the right of the foul line. This
second line and the part of the foul line it runs parallel to, form the
running lane that defines the path in which a batter-runner must run as
he is advancing to first base. If a batter-runner running to first base
runs outside the running lane, it interferes with the fielder taking the
throw at first, then the batter-runner is automatically out.
GRASSLINE
The grass line where the dirt of the infield ends and the grass of the
outfield begins has no special significance to the rules of the game.
OUTFIELD
Outfields vary in size and shape depending on the overall size and
shape of the playing field. The outfield stretches from the infield to the
outfield wall and it contains the warning track. The outfield is made
from thick grass or artificial turf. It is where the outfielders play. The
positions to play in the outfield are left, center, and right field.
WARNING TRACK AND
OUTFIELD WALL
BULLPEN
The bullpen (sometimes referred to as simply
"the pen") is the area where pitchers warm up
before entering a game.
EQUIPMENTS USED
Batting Helmet
Helmet is worn by a batter to protect his/her head and the ear facing
the pitcher from the ball. While some helmets have ear protectors
only on one side as only the ear facing the pitcher should be
protected, helmets with ear protectors on both sides are more
common as some batters are left handed and some right handed.
Baseball cap
All players wear a hat to shade their eyes from the sun. Baseball hat
design has become so popular with the general public that they are
also used to make a style statement.
Catcher's helmet
Catchers wear a helmet with face mask similar to a hockey
goalkeeper mask to protect both their head and face. Sometimes
they might wear a separate helmet and a facemask.
Uniform
All players, coaches and managers wear shirts and pants. Each team
has a uniform dress of a specific colour and design.
Sliding shorts
Players sometimes wear padded support shorts to protect the
player’s thighs when he/she slides into the bases. Some sliding
shorts contain a pocket for a cup that serves as a jockstrap.
Baseball Cleats
These are baseball specific shoes made of rubber or metal that players
wear for better traction.
Bat
Baseball bat is a round, solid wooden or hollow aluminium bat. Wooden
bats are traditionally made from ash wood, though sometimes maple
and bamboo is also used.
Ball
The ball used in baseball is called a baseball. Layers of yarn or string is
rolled on a cork sphere and a leather coat is stitched over it to make a
baseball.
Gloves
Players wear leather gloves to protect their palms. A webbed "pocket"
between the thumb and first finger helps the fielder to catch the ball
easily.
Catcher's mitt
Catchers wear leather mitts with connected finger pockets that are
much wider and better padded than a normal fielder's glove.
First baseman's mitt
First basemen wear leather mitts that are longer and wider than a
standard fielder's glove. They are similar to catcher’s mitt as the four
fingers are connected; additionally, it is rounded and has more padding
than a standard fielder's glove.
HOW TO PLAY?
There are two main aspects of playing the game. A team has to bat initially
and the other team has to defend the pitch. Once the innings is complete
the roles are reversed, and this goes on for up to nine innings at
professional level.
As discussed earlier, nine players of a team stand at specific defensive
positions on the field during defensive play. During offensive play, all
players act as batsmen, taking turns and try to hit the ball.
Once the batter hits the ball, he/she can begin to run from home plate
counter clockwise from one base to the other and back to the home plate
to score a point. The defensive team that fields the court tries to get the
ball and tag it to the batsman to end the run chase.
The pitcher pitches the baseball at a certain level towards the batsman,
over the home plate. A clever pitcher pitches a difficult ball to make it
difficult for the batsman to hit it far and score runs.
The catcher takes his position behind the home plate with heavy
protective gear and a special mitt. He crouches to pick the ball up if the
batsman misses it and also fields if the ball lands close by.
The first baseman, who should be a good catcher, stands at the first base
and tries to get hold of the ball before the batsman reaches the first base
and tags him.
The second baseman tries to tag the batsman by guarding the area
The third baseman closely guards third base; he is skilled in sending the
balls back to the first base across the diamond with a strong throwing
arm.
Three players, called the out-fielders, guard each of the left, right, and
centre sections of the outfield. They catch balls that reach far when the
batsman hits hard to score more runs.
The umpire shouldn’t favor any team and should act unbiased. He
watches the game closely to announce runs scored in each play.
Only offensive team members who bat can get an out. Once a player is
out, he or she is removed from the batting rotation and from play for the
rest of the inning. Once three players of the offensive team are out, the
defensive team gets a chance to bat.
A batsman can hit either a fair ball or a foul ball. If the batsman
advances to a base without any errors, it is called a hit.
When the batsman swings at the ball but misses it, it is called a strike.
Foul balls too result in strike. Three strikes will make the batsman out and
is called a Strike Out.
Once a batsman is out, the next batsman in the batting order gets the
chance to bat.
When a ball is pitched too far from the hitting area to be hit by the
batsman, it is called a ball. After four balls, the batsman gets a free
advancement to first base. The situation is also called base on
balls or walk.
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Willie Mays
Willie Mays, also called ‘Say Hey Kid’ was an American Professional Baseball all-
rounder. This wonderful batsman and is also popular for his astounding diving and
leaping catches. Though many believe that he didn’t receive the respect his talent
deserved, he gained popularity and achieved much success after colored players were
included in major leagues. He played for the National League New York Giants when the
team won National League pennant and World Series and later for New York Mets in
1972-73.
Hank Aaron
Hank Aaron, who played for the Boston Braves team of National League, has a batting
average of 0.305 and broke batting records set by many batting legends during his career of
23 seasons. He won the batting league championship in 1956 and steered his team for a
World Series win in 1957. He joined Milwaukee Brewers in 1974, took retirement in 1976
and was inducted to Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982.
Ted Williams
Ted Williams or Theodore Samuel William, also fondly called the Splendid Splinter and
Teddy Ballgame, played for Boston Red Sox of the American League from 1939 to 1960.
Though he spent five peak years of his career in military service, he could still get back
to baseball without any hiccups.
Notable for his unusual ability to bat with his left hand but throw with his right, he was the
last player to hit 0.400 in Major League Baseball, and he achieved a lifetime batting
average of 0.344.
Ty Cobb
Ty Cobb, whose full name is Tyrus Raymond Cobb, is lovingly called ‘the Georgia Peach’. He
played 22 seasons of his 24 season career as an outfielder of the Detroit Tigers. Though he
couldn’t win any world Series, his team won three American League(AL) pennants one after
the other from 1907 to 1909. He, like Ted Williams, batted with his left and threw with his right
and is considered on the greatest offensive players.
Honus Wagner
Honus Wagner, also called the Flying Dutchman, is considered to be the best shortstop for
his agility and a strong throwing arm, and was also a good all-around player. He was a
member of the Pittsburgh Pirates and led the team to three National League Pennants.
During his tenure, the Pirates also won their first World Series in 1909. He had 3420 hits
during his 21 year long career, and his batting average is 0.328. Though he did not enjoy
large home run scores, he was an extraordinary power hitter.
Ken Griffey Jr.
He was a member of the American League Seattle Mariners and was
a popular power hitter and a centre fielder of 1990’s. He won the
American League Gold glove award from 1991 to 1999 for his
wonderful fielding skills, and was declared the American League’s
Most Valuable Player in 1997.
Mickey Mantle
Mickey Charles Mantle is also called The Commerce Comet or The Mick. He is
considered to be the best switch hitters that any centre fielders are afraid of. His
fielding percentage when playing center field is an extraordinary 0.984, and he
was also popular for his tape-measure home runs. He played twelve World Series,
is a Golden Glove winner, and was chosen to be the Most Valuable Player thrice.
Jackie Robinson
Jack Roosevelt Robinson or ‘Jackie’ is the first African American in Modern era to
cross the colour bar and participate in Major Baseball Leagues. In his ten year long
baseball career he won many prestigious awards like National League’s Most
Valuable Player Award in 1949. He played in six World Series and also played in
World Series Championship in 1955.
This exceptional baseball player was honoured with Congressional Gold Medal and
Presidential Medal of Freedom after his death, for his contributions to Civil Rights
Movement.
OFFICIAL SPONSORS OF MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL
RESEARCH: BASEBALL UNIFORM
Baseball Uniform Rules
Uniforms of all team members should be of the same color and style.
Caps and shoes are required equipment (no track spikes allowed).
Compression sleeves that are solid black or solid dark colored shall be the
only colors allowed to be worn by the pitcher below his elbow. A pitcher
shall not wear any item on his hands, wrists or arms which may be
distracting to the batter.
Each player shall be numbered on the back of his shirt with a plain number
of solid color contrasting with the color of the shirt. This number shall be a
plain Arabic style and shall be at least eight inches high, and no players on
TEAM UNIFORMS
BOST
ON
RE
D
SO
Pittsburgh
Pirates
Oakland
Athletics
CASUAL WEAR
INSPIRED FROM
BASEBALL
UNIFORM
Fabric used for baseball active wear
Dry-Flex
100% polyester moisture-management fabric similar to Koolwick but
is a little bit lighter weight and has a two-way stretch, used primarily
for baseball where a lightweight breathable performance fabric is
desired.
AK Knit
100% polyester heavyweight 150 denier knitted fabric
commonly known as "airknit." Primarily used
for hockey and baseball. Very breathable.
Durastar Mesh
100% polyester heavyweight 150 denier mesh. Shiny fabric used
for all sports. This is our pro game mesh. Very breathable,
comfortable in warm weather.
Pinstripe Warpknit
100% polyester Warpknit fabric with knitted
pinstripes. 12 oz. fabric used for baseball uniforms.
Textured Mesh
100% polyester heavyweight mesh. Anti-
microbial, stain resistant. Used in
A4 baseball and football.
Polymesh
100% polyester lightweight 75 denier mesh fabric. Similar to
Superstar mesh in a lighter weight fabric. Commonly used for
roller hockey, or baseball/softball, or any time a light weight
mesh fabric is desired.
Stretch Mesh
90% polyester/10% spandex stretch mesh fabric with
moisture-wicking properties. Used in A4 baseball. Anti-
microbial, stain resistant.
Power Mesh
100% polyester flat-back mesh with
moisture-wicking properties. Very soft feel.
Anti-microbial, stain resistant. Used in
A4 baseball and basketball.
Heavy Polyester
Heavyweight 12 oz. 100% polyester doubleknit is
a tightly-woven fabric, not very breathable.
Primarily used for baseball jerseys.
Polycotton
50/50 poly/cotton blend. Available in two weights, 6.5 oz. and 9 oz.
Smooth woven fabric is somewhat breathable but without any
moisture-wicking properties. Comfortable in warm weather. Used
for baseball, softball, volleyball, field hockey, girl's lacrosse.
BASEBALL ACTIVE WEAR FOR COLD WEATHER
BASE LAYER
Compression T-shirt
Compression tights
Under Armour
Nike pro tights Under Armour New
(generally used as
Balance
OUTER LAYER
Jackets and Sweatshirts
Bullpen players use MLB authentic hoodies
Knit caps
Balaclavas
CLEATS
New Balance
Socks
BATTING GLOVES
UNDER ARMOUR
BASEBALL ACTIVE WEAR
PRODUCT CATEGORY
T-SHIRT – INR 1430-3577
HOODIES & SWEATSHIRT – INR 3577-7949
PANTS – INR 1589-4769
COMPRESSION T-SHIRT – INR 3974
COMPRESSION TIGHTS – INR 2385-3974
MEN’S CLOTHING
WOMEN’S
T-SHIRT – INR 1751-3185
CLOTHING PANTS – INR 1432-3583
SHORTS – INR 2785
GIRLS’
FIT
BASEBALL PANTS
100% Polyester
Lightweight, durable, performance fabric built for gameday
comfort
UA Microthread technology in the fabric dries faster, won't
cling & stretches without absorbing sweat
Material wicks sweat & dries really fast
Mesh knee panels & gusset for strategic ventilation
Seven belt loops, working fly & double front enclosure
Dual-layer knees deliver added durability
Stretch-engineered waistband for superior mobility &
insane comfort
COMPRESSION T-SHIRT BASEBALL T-SHIRT
The home team uniform and away team uniform has been
designed by adhering to the baseball uniform rulebook 2019.
The team generally wears white while playing at home and grey while playing away to conceal the dirt and grass
stains that accumulates over the course of the series. Home team will have access to laundry facility.
Product category: Baseball Jacket
Fabric: Air knit polyester & Stretch mesh
Fabric specification:
Air knit: 150 denier knitted
100% heavy weight polyester
Very breathable
Stretch mesh: 90% polyester- 10% spandex
Moisture wicking, Anti-microbial, stain resistant
Product category: Baseball Shirt
Fabric: Pinstripe warpknit &
80% polyester-20% cotton
Fabric specification:
Pinstripe warpknit: 100% polyester
12 oz
Product category: Baseball
Pants
Fabric: Polyester
doubleknit(PDK)
Fabric specification:
Heavy weight 12 oz
100% polyester doubleknit
Stain resistant
Product category: Baseball Jacket
Fabric: Polyester cotton blend
Fabric specification: 90% cotton 10% polyester
More suitable for cold weather
Comfortable, durable
Poor wicking property
Product category: Baseball Shirt
Fabric: Pinstripe warpknit &
80% polyester-20% cotton
Fabric specification:
Pinstripe warpknit: 100% polyester
12 oz
Product category: Baseball
Pants
Fabric: Polyester
doubleknit(PDK)
Fabric specification:
Heavy weight 12 oz
100% polyester doubleknit
Stain resistant
OPERATION BREAKDOWN
PRODUCT Baseball No of 13
shirt machines
TOTAL
SL SAM 6.57 No. of
MACHINE 16
MACHINE STITCH
NO. OPERATION SMV operators
TYPE MODEL TYPE
A FRONT
Juki MO-623
1 Join the 2 parts of left side 0.20
3T O/L 3OL 504
Juki MO-623
2 Join 2 parts of right side 0.20
3T O/L 3OL 504
Juki MO-623
3 Shoulder attachment 0.30
3T O/L 3OL 504
B COLLAR PLACKET FACING
Attach the decorative strip Juki DDL-
4 0.75
over the placket SNLS 9000CF 301
Match edges of placket and Juki DDL-
5 0.50 301
shirt edge and sew. SNLS 9000CF
Juki DDL-
6 Top stitch the placket 0.35
SNLS 9000CF 301
C SLEEVE
Attach decorative strips Juki DDL-
7 0.65
over the sleeve. SNLS 9000CF 301
Attach the sleeve to the Juki MO-623
8 0.45
armhole of the shirt 3T O/L 3OL 504
Juki MO-623
9 Stitch side seam 0.30
3T O/L 3OL 504
D HEMMING
SIRUBA
10 Sew the hem of the shirt 0.35 C007K-W812A- 406
Flat lock 356-Crl
SIRUBA
11 Sew the hem of the sleeve 0.32 C007K-W812A-
Flat lock 356-Crl 406
E TRIM ATTACHMENT
12 Mark button hole positions 0.15 Operator -
Button hole Juki-
13 Stitch button holes 0.80 304
machine LBH1790AB
Match and mark button
14 0.15
placement position Operator -
Button
PRODUC Baseball pant No of 33
T machines
MACHINE REQUIREMENTS
TOTAL 32.83 No. of 48
SAM operators
MACHINE CODE
Buttonhole [304] BH
Button attaching BA
Manual M
PRODUCT Baseball pant No of 33
machines
TOTAL SAM 32.83 No. of 48
STITCH
SL NO. OPERATION operators
SMV MACHINE TYPE TYPE
1 Prepare belt loops 1.3 LS1 301
2 Prepare fly 1.8 LS1 301
3 Back rise match 0.169 M -
4 Back rise joint 0.326 OL14 514
5 Front rise joint till zipper end 0.12 OL14 514
6 Back part pant pocket hem 0.197 MC6 406
7 Back pocket iron 0.559 M -
8 Pant pocket position mark 0.361 M -
9 Back part pant pocket joint 0.491 LS1 301
10 Back part pant pocket 1/4 top 0.395 LS1 301
11 Front rise match 0.169 M -
12 Bone make 0.493 LS1 301
13 Cut twill tape 0.276 M -
14 Heringbone tape join @ pocket 1.904 LS1 301
15 Bone position mark 0.261 M -
16 Pocket lining tack 0.763 LS1 301
17 Pocket bone att @ front part 1.578 LS1 301
18 Pocket scissoring 0.248 M -
19 Pocket facing joint 1.368 OL14 514
20 Pocket bag ol 0.464 OL14 514
21 Bone inside tack 0.551 LS1 301
22 Pkt bone around 1/16 top 1.407 LS1 301
23 Pocket false stitch 0.284 LS1 301
24 Thread cut 0.274 M -
STITCH
SL NO. OPERATION SMV MACHINE TYPE TYPE
Top stitch 2 decorative strips on each
25 1.2 LS1 301
side part piece.
Attach the side piece to the back part
26 0.6 LS1 301
on both sides
Attach front panel to the other edge of
27 0.6 LS1 301
side piece.
28 Front & side panel match 0.276 M -
Place piping along between the edges
29 2.4 LS1 301
and sew
30 Long pant side ol 1.986 OL14 514
31 Body turn 0.290 M -
32 Rib panel false sitch 0.526 LS1 301
33 Side seam with folder 1.950 FS5 605
34 Thread cut 0.274 M -
35 In seam long pant 0.797 OL14 514
36 Body turn 0.290 M -
37 Btm hem tuck 0.470 LS1 301
38 Leg hem 0.436 MC6 406
39 Trd cut at leg hem 0.544 M -
40 Waist band make 0.277 LS1 301
41 Button Hole stitch 0.199 BH 304
42 Waist OL 0.468 OL14 514
43 Waist band round tack @ body 1.635 LS1 301
44 Waist band topstitch 0.319 FS5 605
45 Thread cut 0.443 M -
46 Bartack belt loop 0.469 BTK 304
47 Attach button 0.18 BA Cross
48 Thread cut 0.443 M -