First Book of VIC Games (1983)

COMPUTED FIRST BOOK OF
GAMES
Twenty-four games for the VIC-2O; ready
to type in and enjoy. Includes never-
before-published games and chapters on
how to develop your own games.
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A COMPUTE! Books Publication $12.95

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COMPUTED FIRST BOOK OF
Publications,lnc.flS
A Subsidiary Of American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.
Greensboro, North Carolina
VIC-2O is a trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Inc

The following article was originally published in COMPUTE! Magazine, copyright 1981,
Small System Services, Inc.: "Maze Generator" (December). The following articles were
originally published in COMPUTE! Magazine, copyright 1982, Small System Services, Inc.:
"Outpost" Qune), "Programming Your First Game" (October), "Superchase" (Octo
ber), "MathMan" (October), "Hidden Maze" (December). The following articles
were originally published in COMPUTE! Magazine, copyright 1983, Small System
Services, Inc.: "Thunderbird" (January), "Juggler" (January), "Copy Cat" (February),
following i , A _. _
COMPUTE! Publications, Inc.: 'Time Bomb" Quly), ''Writing a Simulation Game"
(July). The following articles were originally published in COMPUTERS Gazette, copy
right 1983, COMPUTE! Publications, Inc.: "Word Hunt" (July), "Sky Diver" (July).
Copyright 1983, COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. All rights reserved
Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Sec
tions 107 and 108 of the United States Copyright Act without the permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 0-942386-13-2
10 987654321
COMPUTE! Publications, Inc., Post Office Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403, (919)
275-9809, is a subsidiary of Ame _au Broadcasting Companies, Inc.," and is not
associated with any manufacturer of personal computers. VIC-20 is a trademark of
Commodore Electronics Limited.
Foreword V
Part 1: Playing Games With Your VIC l

VIC Features: Color, Graphics, Sound, etc.
Dan Carmichael 3
Writing Your First Game
Richard Mansfield 9
Writing A Simulation Game
Richard Mansfield 14
Writing An Arcade Game
Richard Mansfield 19
Part 2: Maze Games 23

Time Bomb
J Doug Smoak 25
Hidden Maze
J Gary Boden 29
(Translated for the VIC by Charles Brannon)
Superchase
J Anthony Godshall 33
Lochinvar's Maze
Clark and Kathryn H. Kidd 38
Part 3: Action Games 43

Closeout
LL Beh 45
(Translated for the VIC by Charles Brannon)
Marble Hunt
J Ronny Ong 51
Balloons
Aaron Bobick 55
Richthofen's Revenge
J Marc Sugiyama, Todd Koumrian, Chris Metcalf 59
Chameleon
J Clark and Kathryn H. Kidd 75
Air Defense
T.L. Wahl 80
Part 4: Brain Testers 87

MathMan
Andy Hayes 89
Special Requirements: J =joystick M =memory expansion iii

Copy Cat
Mark and Dan Powell 94
Outpost
Tim Parker 97
Cryptic Numbers
C.G. McGaffin 105
Word Hunt
M Eric Jansing and Bob Meyers, Jr. 112
Lost Fox
Warren Pugh 120
Pharaoh's Treasure
Clark and Kathryn H. Kidd 128
Part 5: Scrolling 135

Grand Prix Foo
J Mark Vittek 137
Part 6: Dexterity 143

Thunderbird
Dave Sanders 145
Juggler
J Doug Ferguson 153
Deflector
Frank J Tyniw 158
Jumping Jack
Paul Burger 164
Skydiver
J Alan Crossley 169
The Hawkmen of Dindrin
J Esteban V Aguilar, Jr. 175
Appendix A: Creating Your Own Maze

Charles Bond 181
Appendix B: Writing Your Own Games

Dan Carmichael 187
Appendix C: A Beginner's Guide To

Typing In Programs 195
Listing Conventions 199

Index 202
Special Requirements: J =joystick M =memory expansion
iv
When the first huge computers were built, games were not
what the owners had in mind. Millions of dollars were invest
ed in every machine. Computer time was valuable, and not to
be wasted.
As computers shrank in size and increased in power,
however, it was inevitable that weary programmers would be
gin exploring and programming, devising the forerunners of
Pac-Man and Donkey Kong. Today, a vast number of the world's
computers are built for one purpose only — to play games
with whoever puts in a quarter.
Your VIC-20 is not a dedicated game machine — it is
much more versatile than that. But the VIC's designers knew
that one of the most common uses of the machine would be
play. Like the arcade machines, the VIC can give you experi
ences and entertainment that you could never find anywhere
except in the worlds the computer can create.
This book serves a double purpose. First, it provides you
with a variety of games which you merely type into the com
puter, save on tape or diskette, and then play again and again
as often as you like. Second, because the program is printed,
you can see exactly how the game's creator brought off the ef
fects you like. It will be fairly easy for you to learn techniques
that you can use in your own programs.
In fact, to make this book as useful as possible, many of
the games are accompanied by explanations of how the pro
gram works. Chapters at the beginning and end of the book
will also help you learn how to write your own games.
Much of the value of this book comes from its variety.
Besides being fun, "MathMan," for instance, is educational;
'Jumping Jack" can improve eye-hand coordination.
There are games that are simple and slow enough for
small children. There are also games as fast and challenging
as anything in the arcades.
No matter what level of programming skill you have
reached, there will be programs from which you can learn
techniques, ranging from fairly simple BASIC games to a so
phisticated all-machine-language game like "Richthofen's
Revenge."
Even if you are a subscriber to COMPUTE! Magazine,
there are things here you haven't seen before. One-third of
the games in this book have never been published before and
some of the others have been since refined and improved.
Some of the games here were originally programmed on
other computers, and were "translated" for the VIC. Com
puter translation often requires as much creativity as the orig
inal program, since the refinements and features of computers
can be very different.
VI
iiiil
Playing Games
with Your vie
Features:
coior, Graphics,
Sound, etc.
Dan Carmichael
Your VIC-20 has just completed another hard day's work. It

has revamped your household budget, calculated the savings
gained from your new attic insulation and checked the kids'
homework. It's ready for a break and you are, too; so let the
games begin!
Your VIC is especially well suited to games because of a
number of exciting features:
The VIC can display up to 128 different screen and
border color combinations. Characters can be printed in eight
different colors. You can turn normal letters and numbers into
spaceships or goblins, people or animals, just by changing the
character set.
There are three separately controlled tone-generating
speakers which, together, can reach a total of five octaves. A
"white noise" generator can create special sound effects. A
volume control system lets you vary the volume of the
sounds produced by four "speakers."
A realtime clock is built into the VIC, and you can use it
for timing games. And the joystick port will accept the stan
dard Atari or VIC-20 joystick or paddles.
Also, there are some advanced features to make games on
the VIC even more colorful and exciting:
Eight additional auxiliary character colors.
Multicolor graphics modes.
High-resolution graphics which lets you independently
control each dot of color on the TV screen.
Complete machine language access for super-fast pro
grams and routines in the VTCs native language.
All of this combines to make the VIC as entertaining as
an arcade.
1 Playing Games
with Your VIC
128 colors
Here are some short programs that will demonstrate the fea
tures of the VIC-20. Before typing in each program, type
NEW and press RETURN. After entering the program, type
RUN and press RETURN.
The VIC is capable of producing 128 screen and border
color combinations. This short program will display all 128
combinations:
10 FORA=0TO255:POKE36879,A:FORT=1TO100:N
EXTTrNEXTA:POKE36879#27:END
As a demonstration of the eight possible character colors,

type in these simple PRINT statements:
10 print"{clr}{2 down}{6 right}{blk}t

{red}h{cyn}e {pur}v{grn}i{blk}c{blu}-
{YEL}2{BLK}0"
20 PRINT11 {DOWN} {9 RIGHT} {RVS} {BLK}HAS
{OFF}11
30 print"{down}{4 right}{blk}c{yel}0
{blu}l{pur}o{cyn}r{red}s {grn}g{blk}a
{red}l{blu}o{pur}r{yel}e{blk}i"
Programmable Characters
Programmable characters are one of the big pluses of the
VIC-20. Instead of being restricted to the characters on the
VIC's keyboard, you may, if you wish, program your own
special characters into the VIC. "Balloons," one of the games
found in this book, uses programmable characters to draw the
balloons. The following short program also shows how this
feature works.
10 POKE51,0:POKE52,28:POKE55 # 0:POKE56,28
:POKE36869,255:PRINTU{CLR}{2 DOWN}11
20 FORA=7168TO7223:READB:POKEA,B:NEXT
30 PRINT"{CLR}{6 DOWN}{7 RIGHT}AB@@@CD"
40 GETA$:IFA$=IMITHEN40
100 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,24,28,127,192,89
,67,192,127,0,0,240,8,238,193,1,254
110 DATA7,8,18,16,20,19,8,7,224,16,72,8,
Playing Games
with Your vie 1
40,200,16,224,8,8#20,20,54,119,20,20
,20,20,20
120 DATA54,54,119,28,20
sound
Sound isn't just decoration. It's also the game programmer's
best tool to let you know that something has happened. A
fanfare to let you know you've just won an extra turn or a
click every time two objects collide — these sounds help you
know what's going on in the game without having to take
your eyes off the main activity.
Sounds also create moods and help build the excitement.
The throbbing sound that gets faster and faster in the arcade
game Asteroids is a good example of this, and musical themes
in other games set a pace or help give you the feeling of
rhythm and speed in your playing. Just try turning down the
volume on a game that uses sound, and see how much hard
er it is to play — and how much less fun.
This short BASIC program written by John Heilborn
(from COMPUTEl's Second Book of WQ will let you hear the
sounds your VIC can make.
10 POKE 36875, 240

20 FOR K = 0 TO 10
30 FOR I = 0 TO 1
40 FOR R = 0 TO 15 STEP 5
50 POKE 36878, R
60 POKE 36878, 0: NEXT
70 FOR M = 0 TO 30: NEXT
90 NEXT
100 FOR D = 0 TO 300: NEXT
110 FOR W = 0 TO 1000: NEXT
120 GOTO 20
Keeping Time
The VIC-20 also has a realtime clock, which can be used
to do anything from simply telling the time to counting
down a timed round in a game. The following short program
will turn your VIC-20 into a timepiece. When asked to enter
the current time, enter it in this format:
1 Playing Games
With Your VUG
HHMMSS
HH =hours, MM =minutes, and SS =seconds. Then press
RETURN. For example, to enter 12 noon (12:00:00) enter
120000; to enter 1:45:50, enter 014550.
10 PRINT"{CLR}{2 DOWNjENTER THE TIME IN"

: PRINT"{DOWN}FORMAT: {2 SPACES}HHMMSS11
20 INPUT" {DOWN}11;TI$
30 PRINT"{CLR}{6 DOWN}{4 RIGHT}{GRN}
{RVS} THE TIME IS: {BLU}{DOWN}"
40 PRINT"{8 RIGHT }IITI$II{UP}":GOTO40
Graphics
High-resolution graphics allows you to program games that
have arcade-style pictures with smooth movement of charac
ters across the screen.
If youll type the letter A, then take a close look at your
TV screen, youll notice that the character is constructed of
many tiny dots. These dots are called pixels. Each standard
VIC character is composed of eight rows and eight columns of
pixels, for a total of 64 in each letter "block." Some pixels are
turned on, to show the letter; others are off, so that the back
ground color is displayed. In effect, then, when you type the
letter A you are moving a block of 64 pixels to the screen,
some turned off and some turned on, in the pattern shown
in this diagram:
r1
■ - ■
•■■ m I ; ■
■ ; ■ i 1
m m
1 ^
jji
■ : ■
m ■ ; |
The letters A and D as drawn by the Vic.
Playing Games <
with Your VIC
When you use high-resolution graphics, you aren't limited

to controlling the pixels through character patterns. Instead,
you control each pixel on the screen individually. This lets
you create anything from beautiful, detailed pictures to ani
mated figures that move smoothly around the screen.
Machine Language
Another very nice feature of the VIC-20 is the ability to pro
gram in VICs native language — machine language. Most com
mercial games you buy for the VIC are written in machine
language, because it's much faster than BASIC, and because it
uses less memory than the same program would use even if
it could be written in BASIC.
As a demonstration of just how much faster machine
language can be, enter these two short programs. First, type
in the following BASIC program, and then RUN. It will fill
the screen with periods (.), then tell you how long it actually
took to do it.
1 B=7680:C=38400:IF4*(PEEK(36866)AND128)
+64*(PEEK(36869)AND112)=4096THENB=4096
:C=37888
10 PRINTli{CLR}iI:D=505:TI$="000000M:FORA=
0TOD:POKEB+A,81:POKEC+A,6:NEXT:PRINTT
1/60:END
As you can see, this BASIC program took about four seconds
to fill the screen.
The next BASIC program will POKE a short machine
language program into memory, then RUN it. This program
will also fill tjhe screen with periods, then print the time, in
seconds, the task took. (Be careful when entering the DATA
statements: an error can cause the program to do very odd
things.)
5 FORA=828TO859:READB:POKEA,B:NEXT
10 POKE251,0:POKE252,30 2POKE253,0:POKE25
4#150
20 IF4*(PEEK(36866)AND128)+64*(PEEK(3686
9)AND112)=4096THENPOKE252,16:POKE254,
148
30 PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN}PRESS ANY KEY,":PRIN
T"{DOWN}BUT DON'T BLINKlll"
1 Playing Games
with Your vbc
32 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN32
35 TI$=ll000000":SYS828:PRINTTl/60
100 DATA160,0#169,81,145,251,200,208,251
,230,252,145,251,200,208,251,169,6,1
45,253,200
110 DATA208,251,230,254,145,253,200,208,
251,96,234
You will notice that this machine language program runs

quite a bit faster than the BASIC program.
The games are fun for their own sake. But one of the best
things about typing in programs yourself is that you can see
exactly how another programmer created the effects you want
to use in your own games. You may soon find that the best
computer game of all is programming games for other people
to play!
Playing Games
with Your vac 1
Richard Mansfield
Richard Mansfield, Senior Editor of COMPUTE! Publications, ex

plains the details of a simple game. A beginning programmer can
learn a great deal by studying this short program.
If you are tempted to write your own games, go ahead. It's a

good way to learn to program. Games are basically the same
as any other kind of programming.
Computer games fall into two broad categories: imitations
of old standards (checkers, Othello) and games which could
not be played without a computer. This second category is
more difficult to program for several reasons. For one thing,
you've got to think up a whole new, and entertaining, con
cept and then adjust the action until it is just hard enough to
be challenging but not so difficult that people want to give
up.
This category (basically "arcade" games) is especially hard

to program precisely because a good computer-only game ex
ploits all of the computer's special attributes: speed, color,
sound. To do this well, to make things look and respond just
the way you imagine them, requires a good bit of program
ming experience. Usually, too, several things are happening at
once in an arcade game. This often means that such a pro
gram must be written in machine language, which is far fast
er than BASIC.
High Card Slice

Old standards, on the other hand, can often be the best way
to get started programming games. You already know the
game concept, and cards or dice or game boards are fairly
easily constructed and manipulated on your computer screen.
To illustrate, let's take a look at a simple simulation of one of
the oldest card games, High Card. The rules are simple: you
place a bet, and then you draw a card from the deck. The
1 Playing Games
with Your VBC
computer, your opponent, draws a card too, and the highest

card wins the money.
One simplification here is that there is no attempt to
represent the cards on the screen. The entire game relies
simply on words ("Ace of Spades/' for example) when cards
are drawn.
Like most computer programs, the program can be visual
ized as having four distinct zones: initialization, main loop,
subroutines, data tables.. We can go through the steps in pro
gramming this game by looking at each zone separately.
initialization
From lines 10 through 80 we are "teaching" the computer
some basics about this game. Initialization is the activity
which must take place before any of the action can begin.
Computers are so fast that they will zip up through these
lines and start things off in the main loop at line 100 in a
flash. However, as programmers, we are aware that several
preliminary events took place inside before anything else.
In line 20, the computer discovers that there is a variable
called "dollars" which is to equal 500. It sets aside a section
(like a small box) in its memory which it labels "dollars."
When the game is running, it will add or subtract from this
"box" (lines 230-240) to keep a running total of how much
money you have left to bet. From time to time (line 110), it
will check the box and report to the player how much he has.
The box labelled "dollars" is called a variable because during
the game the amount in it will vary.
Lines 30 through 60 are simple enough — they ask the
player to give his or her name. The computer "memorizes" it
in another "box" called "name$" and can now speak more
personally to the player in lines 140 and 230. Also, the com
puter prints the rules of the game in line 60.
Line 70 "reads" four names (the face cards) from the data
tables in lines 510 on. It also makes a "mental note" that it
already READ four items. So, when it's asked to READ again
(line 80), it will start with the next unread item of data which
will be "clubs." By now, the computer has "memorized" a
variety of important facts: the player's name, the amount of
his or her betting purse, the names of the face cards, and the
suits of a standard deck. In less than a second, the computer
10
Playing Games
with Your V8C
has grasped and filed away the necessary facts to go on to

the main loop where all the action takes place.
The Main Loop

After checking that the player has money to bet, the com
puter asks for the bet, checks again that the bet is possible,
and then runs through one cycle of the game starting in line
160. At this point, a programmer might find it worthwhile to
visualize the steps involved in the game.
Draw a card for the player.
Draw for the computer.
Decide who won.
Adjust the player's purse.
Since both draws are essentially identical actions (the only
difference will be that we say "Bob draws a ..." instead of
'The computer draws"), we don't need to program the draw
twice. This is where subroutines come in handy.
The Subroutine
Twice in the main loop, we GOSUB 300. First the player, then
the computer, draws. Line 310 randomly picks two numbers,
the card and the suit. If line 320 finds that this selection
matches the one drawn just before by the player, it goes back
for another draw. Line 330 makes the name of the card be the
number if it wasn't a number higher than 10 (a face card).
Then line 340 announces the draw using three variables.
The first variable (player$) is set up in either line 160 or 190
as appropriate. Then the card$ and suit$ variables are selected
from the lists that were "memorized" back in the initialization
phase (lines 70-80). The subroutine then RETURNS to the
main loop.
Lines 210-240 decide and announce the winner of this
round. First, if the variable "card" (the computer's card) is
greater than ( >) "yourcard," the computer is declared the
winner in line 240, the purse is adjusted, and the main loop
is restarted (GOTO 100). If the cards are equal, nothing hap
pens to the purse and the next round begins. Notice that we
don't need to say "IF YOURCARD > CARD" at the start of
line 230 to test if the player has won. It's the only possible
thing if the computer has gotten this far.
Once you've solved a particular problem, you'll find you
can use the solution in many future games. This subroutine
11
Playing Games
with Your Vic
which draws cards, for instance, would work just as well for
Poker, or Blackjack, or dozens of other games. Subroutines
are handy not only because they can be used repeatedly
within a program, but because they can be saved and used
repeatedly in future programs. So think up a simple, tradi
tional game and teach it to your computer. There is probably
no more pleasurable way to learn programming than to write
a game.
Program 1-1. High Card Slice

10 REM*NECESSARY INITIAL INFORMATION*
20 DOLLARS=500
30 PRINT " WITH WHOM DO I HAVE THE PLEAS
URE11
40 PRINT " OF PLAYING HIGH CARD SLICE?"
50 INPUT NAME$
60 PRINT " HIGH CARD WINS IN THIS GAME I11
70 DIM SUIT$(4)#CARD$(14):F0R 1=11 TO 14
:READ CARD$(I):NEXT I
80 FOR 1=1 TO 4: READ SUIT$(I):NEXT I
90 REM
100 REM*MAIN PROGRAM LOOP*
110 PRINT:PRINT" YOU HAVE $" DOLLARS
120 IF DOLLARS<=0 THEN PRINT" THE GAME I
S OVER- YOU ARE OUT OF CASH.11:END
130 PRINT"WHAT IS YOUR BET";:INPUT BET
140 IF DOLLARS<BET THEN PRINT" YOU ONLY
HAVE $"DOLLARS" TO BET,"NAME?:GOTO 1
30
150 YOURCARD=0:YURSUIT=0
160 PLAYER$=NAME$
170 GOSUB300
180 YOURCARD=CARD:YURSUIT=SUIT
190 PLAYER$=" THE COMPUTER"
200 GOSUB300
210 IF CARD>YOURCARD THEN GOTO 240
220 IF CARD=YOURCARD THEN PRINT " A TIE!
11: GOTO 100
230 PRINT NAME$ " WINS": DOLLARS = DOLLA
RS + BET:GOTO 100
240 PRINT " THE COMPUTER WINS": DOLLARS=
DOLLARS-BET-.GOTO 100
12
Pflaylng Games
with Your vie
290 REM
300 REM*SUBROUTINE TO DRAW THE CARDS*
310 CARD=INT(RND(5)*13)+2:SUIT=INT(RND(5
)*4)+l
320 IF CARD=YOURCARD AND SUIT=YURSUIT TH
EN 300:REM NO IDENTICAL DRAWS
330 IF CARD<11 THEN CARD?(CARD)=STR$(CAR
D)
340 PRINT PLAYER$ " DRAWS THE " CARD$(CA
RD) " OF " SUIT$(SUIT)
350 RETURN
490 REM
500 REM* DATA TABLE*
510 DATA JACK,QUEEN,KING,ACE
520 DATA CLUBS,DIAMONDS,HEARTS,SPACES
13
1 vg Games
with Your vie
Writing A
Simulation Game
Richard Mansfield
A simulation is an imitation of life. It can be the most difficult type

of game to create. Thought, rather than fast action, is important.
Try the short simulation offered here, then see if you can write one
of your own.
There are three basic types of computer games: arcade, ad

venture, and simulation games. Let's briefly look at the char
acteristics of arcade and adventure games and then write a
simulation.
Realtime Action
Arcade games feature what's called realtime action. Unlike
chess or bridge, things happen fast. You can't sit back and
plan your next move; you must react immediately to the
space invaders. In other words, events take place at the same
speed as they would in reality: realtime.
Arcade games also have a strong appeal to the eye and
ear. There is much animation, color, and sound. In fact, your
ability to respond quickly and effectively depends in part on
all the clues you get from the graphics and sound effects.
Strategy, while often an aspect of arcade play, is clearly secon
dary. These games are a new kind of athletics: the fun of
man versus machine. Like auto racing, arcade games are es
sentially isometric exercises — you don't run around; you just
stay in one place flexing and unflexing your muscles, tensing
and relaxing.
Story and Strategy

Strategy, however, is more important in "adventure" games.
The emphasis is on planning ahead and solving riddles. It
can be like living inside an adventure novel. There is drama,
characterization, and plot. You might start out, for example, in
14
Playing Cannes
With Your V8C
a forest with a shovel and a trusty, if enigmatic, companion

parrot. As you try to figure out what to do next, the parrot
keeps saying "piny dells, piny dells." After wandering aim
lessly through the trees, it suddenly comes to you that the
bird is saying "pine needles" and you dig through them and
find a treasure map.
Your "character" will travel, meet friends and enemies,
and have the opportunity to pick up or ignore potentially
useful items such as food, magic wands, and medicine. It's
customary that you cannot haul tons of provisions. You'd have
to decide whether or not to leave the shovel in the forest. Yet
you might be sorry that you'd dropped it if you're involved in
a cave-in later in the game.
In any case, adventure games are fundamentally verbal.
The computer displays the words:
YOU ARE IN A BOAT ON A LAKE. NIGHT IS
FALLING.
to which you can respond in any number of ways. You might
type:
DIVE OFF BOAT.
and the computer would reply that you now see an under
water cave or whatever. You move through the scenes the way
a character moves through a novel. There is generally no pen
alty if you take time to plan your next move. It's not realtime.
imitations of Life
The third category, simulation, is the least common kind of
computer game. This is because to really imitate something,
to simulate it effectively, you need lots of computer memory to
hold lots of variables. However, memory has recently become
far less expensive so we can expect to see increasingly effec
tive simulation games. Star Trek and Hammurabi, both simula
tions, have long been popular home computer games. Al
though they are similar to adventure games, simulations are
random. That is, there is no secret to discover, no puzzle to
solve, no plot. Like real life, things happen with unpredict
able, complex results.
Here's a program which simulates investing. The key to
simulating is to arrange realistic interactions between variables.
Look at line 600. If there is "international unrest," the price of
gold (PGLD) goes up and the price of Bundtfund stock (PB)
goes down. This relationship between gold, stock, and an in-
15
1 Playing Games
with Your V8C
ternational crisis is true to life. Alternatively, stock goes up

and gold goes down on line 700 during a "market rally."
The game allows you to make investment decisions, and
then a "month" passes during which the value of your invest
ments will go up or down. In line 510, three variables are
given random values. Stock can gain or lose up to 10 points
(variable X), and gold can change by $20 an ounce (Y). Vari
able Z will be used to simulate flipping a coin. Also notice
lines 520 and 525. In 520, we determine whether or not there
will be unrest. The variable CH is just a counter. Each
"month," CH is raised by one. Two conditions are required
for unrest to happen: in a given month, CH must be greater
than 4 and it must be less than whatever X turns out to be. If
both these conditions are met, CH is reset to zero and we've
got international unrest. This has the effect of creating unrest
roughly every four to six months. Likewise, another rhythm is
set up in line 525 to cause market rallies. In both cases, how
ever, you cannot be certain exactly when to invest in gold or
in stocks.
The decision to raise or lower stock prices is made in line
530 and based on the coin toss variable, Z. Again, stocks
move in opposition to gold. Prices will rise about 50 percent
of the time, but you can never know what will happen in a
given month.
Suggested complications
This is the core, a rough sketch, of an investment simulation
game. There is much you can do to make it a more effective
simulation and thereby a more enjoyable game. The more
variables in a simulation, the better. For example, add leverage
and additional "incidents" which affect prices, improve the
randomizing, and include other types of investments. You
could even use a separate counter which, every five years,
causes the X and Y variables to swing more widely to reflect
recession/recovery cycles.
As you can see, a simulation should be lifelike. It has in
terdependent cycles and a degree of unpredictability. Its real
ism derives from including a sufficient number of variables.
And those variables must interact in plausible ways and with
just the right amount of randomness. A simulation is a little
world you create. You can define cause and effect and then
fine-tune the whole thing until it seems well-balanced. Ad-
16
Playing Games
with Your vie
venture and arcade games are certainly enjoyable, but this in

vestment simulation can be built up to the point where it's
just as much fun as any other kind of game.
Mixing styles
Of course, these three categories — arcade, adventure, and
simulation — are somewhat arbitrary. Some of the best games
contain elements of each. There are adventure games with
graphics — you see the forest, the shovel, the pine needles.
After you say DIVE, your character jumps into a lake and the
screen transforms into an underwater scene. Likewise, arcade
games can include the different "settings" so characteristic of
adventure games. Popular arcade games such as Tron and
Donkey Kong change the playfield as you earn more points.
There are several ways to add to the appeal of our invest
ment simulation, beyond just making it a more complex,
more accurate simulation. You could add the visuals and
sound of arcade games. Try creating a ticker tape across the
top of the screen to show price changes and news events.
Maybe add a bell sound to indicate the end of further trans
actions. And from adventure games you could borrow two
elements: riddles and the necessity of planning ahead. One
easy way to incorporate these two elements would be to
make paying taxes a part of the game. After all, the closer it
is to real life, the better the simulation.
Program 1-2: investment Simulation

5 PRINT"{CLR}"
10 CASH=100000:PGLD=400
15 POKE 36869,242:REM SHIFT TO LOWER CAS
E
20 PB=80
31 PRINT: PRINT"BUNDTFUND IS $"PB" PER S
HARE.YOU HAVE "B"{4 SPACES}SHARES. —
$"7
$BB
33 PRINT" GOLD IS{4 SPACES}$"PGLD" PER O
UNCE.{2 SPACES}YOU HAVE "GLD" OUNCES.
— $"GLD*PGLD
34 T=PB*B+GLD*PGLD
35 PRINT:PRINT" TOTAL INVESTMENTS — $"T
36 PRINT:PRINT" YOU HAVE $"CASH" TO SPEN
D."
17
Playing Games
Wltti Your vie
40 PRINT:PRINT"GRAND TOTAL":PRINT"(INVES
TMENTS + CASH){4 SPACES}$"T+CASH
45 IFCK=1THEN500
50 PRINT: PRINT"1.BUY{2 SPACES}2.SELL
{2 SPACES}3.DONE"
60 INPUTA:IFA=3THENCK=1:GOTO31
100 PRINT"WHICH?{3 SPACES}l.GOLD
{2 SPACES}OR{4 SPACES}2.STOCK"
110 INPUTF
120 PRINT"HOW MANY (SHARES OR{3 SPACES}0
UNCES)?"
130 INPUTN
140 IFF=1THEN160
150 PRICE=PB*N:IFA=1THENCASH=CASH-PRICE:
B=B+N:GOTO400
155 CASH=CASH+PRICE:B=B-N:GOTO400
160 PRICE=PGLD*N:IFA=1THENCASH=CASH-PRIC
E:GLD=GLD+N:GOTO400
170 CASH=CASH+PRICE:GLD=GLD-N
400 GOTO50
500 PRINT"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONT" ;
503 GET C$:IF C$=""THEN 503
505 CK=0:PRINT:PRINT"{CLR}ONE MONTH LATE
R ...":FORT=1TO700:NEXTT:PRINT
510 X=INT((RND(1)*100)/10):Y=INT((RND(1)
*200)/l0):Z=RND(l)
520 CH=CH+1:IFCH>4ANDCH<XTHENCH=0:GOTO60
0 *
525 IFCH=2GOTO700
530 IF Z>.5THENPB=PB+X:PGLD=PGLD-Y:GOTO3
1
540 PB=PB-X:PGLD=PGLD+Y:GOTO31
600 PRINT"INTERNATIONAL UNREST...":PGLD=
PGLD+2*Y:PB=PB-2*X:GOTO31
700 PRINT"MARKET RALLY ...{2 SPACES}":PG
LD=PGLD-2 *Y:PB=PB+3 *X:GOTO31
18
Playing Games
witm Your vtc 1
Richard Mansfield
Using the memory-mapped video could help you create faster

moving games. The sample program here will assist you in design
ing your own fast-moving game.
When you bring home your computer, usually the first thing
everyone expects you to do is to write an arcade game. Who's
"everyone"? It could be your children, your friends, even you -
anybody who is tired of spending lots of money and wants
you to program a game to play at home for free.
The best defense is to politely point out that:
1. Arcade games are among the hardest types of software
to write.
2. Professionals, working in teams, can take a year to
write one.
However, it is well worth trying to write action games.
You might not be able to duplicate the speed or complexity of
professional games, but you can create very entertaining
games of your own. After you've spent a few weeks getting
familiar with BASIC and have typed in a few games, you are
ready to take up the challenge. This is one of the best ways
to learn some important programming techniques and to ex
plore the graphics and sound capabilities of your computer.
Ten Million if/THENs

Your main problem is going to be speed. BASIC, though fast
enough for most jobs, is pretty slow when it has to keep
track of ten aliens, two mother ships, torpedoes, stars, and
the player's position. All these things are in motion at once.
You need to have a way to control players, to detect collisions,
to score points, etc. We at COMPUTE! received a letter from
reader John Anderson which touches on these problems:
19
Playing Games
with Your vbc
In order to make a fast, effective "arcade-style?' game, I

would like to know how to let my computer know where a
large number of things are on the screen (like walls in a
maze) without 10,000,000 IF/THEN statements. I would
also like to know how to keep things, like the little figures
racing around during a game, from plowing through walls
and wiping them out or coming back onto the other side of
the screen.
As Anderson points out, the first solution that comes to
mind is to use an IF/THEN test for every possible event in
the game. IF the ball hits the taiget, THEN raise the score. IF
the ball misses the target, THEN let it move one more space.
And on and on. This quickly slows the action down to a crawl.
POKE Ping-Pong
One of the simpler arcade games is a simulation of Ping-
Pong. You need to keep track of only three things: two
paddles and one ball. Let's start off by solving the hardest
problem. How can we bounce a ball around the screen both
quickly and accurately?
The key to the problem is the fact that many computers
have an area set aside in RAM which is an image of what you
see on screen. This is called memory-mapped video and most
computers have it. It means that if you POKE into that area of
RAM, a character will appear on the screen. The next RAM
byte address is the next space on screen, and so on. You can
use this built-in "map" to tell what is where by using the fast
'PEEK" command, and you can move things quickly with
POKEs.
The example program will work on all VICs.
SCR =The address where screen RAM memory starts.
LN =The length of one screen line.
WALL =A solid square that appears when this number is
POKEd anywhere into SCR.
BLANK =A blank space character that returns the screen
to normal if POKEd into SCR on top of a WALL or
FIGURE.
FIGURE =A character that, when POKEd into SCR, looks
like a ball.
The memory cells holding the screen image are located in
different places. The VIC determines where it starts by using
20
Playing Games HI
with Your Vic I
the formula in line 100. First, draw a border around your

screen like a picture frame. Perhaps print reversed spaces all
around. (See lines 250-310.) This border is very useful. It will
let you know when your ball has hit the edge.
LOC is a variable in the program that's always changing
whenever the ball changes. It keeps track of the current loca
tion of the ball. What you do is keep another variable
(VECTR, in this example) which holds the direction and dis
tance of the ball's current motion. When VECTR is added to
LOC, we know where to move the ball next.
There are four possible directions to go in the simplest
kind of animated games. Traveling up, VECTR =-LN since you
subtract the number of spaces in one screen line to move the
ball to the line above. Going down is +LN, right is +1, left
is-1.
Notice line 180. That is how the computer tells if the ball
has reached a border. The next position the figure is sup
posed to be POKEd into is checked to see if the WALL vari
able is sitting there. If not, the figure is moved (lines 200-
220). If there is a wall, line 190 reverses the figure's direction.
If you type in the example program, you'll be on your
way to making a Ping-Pong game that will be as fast as you
could want. What's left is to play around with VECTR to get
different angles of bounce off walls so the ball can go any
where. Then add two movable pieces of wall (paddles) and
scorekeeping.
Program 1-3: Ping-Pong

100 SCR=4*(PEEK(36866)AND128)+64*(PEEK(3
6869)AND120):COL=37888+4*(PEEK(36866
)AND128)
110 WALL=160:REM WALL CHARACTER, SOLID S
QUARE.TRY OTHER CHARACTERS.
120 LN=22
130 GOSUB 260:REM DRAW BORDER
140 LOC=SCR+LN*10+LN/2:CLOC=COL+LN*10+LN
/2:REM SCREEN AND COLOR LOCATION AT
FIRST
150 VECTR=LN:REM ALSO TRY -1,+1,LN-1#LN+
1,ETC.
160 BLANK=32
21
1 Playing Games
with Your vie
170 FIGURE=81:REM "BALL"CHARACTER.

180 IF PEEK(LOC+VECTR)<>WALL THEN 200
190 VECTR=-VECTR:REM REVERSE DIRECTION
200 POKE LOC,BLANK:REM ERASE OLD BALL
210 LOC=LOC+VECTR:CLOC=CLOC+VECTR:REM CA
LCULATE NEW POSITION
220 POKE LOC,FIGURE:POKECLOC,6:REM PLACE
BALL
230 GOTO 180
240 END
250 REM BORDER SUBROUTINE
260 PRINT"{CLR}";:REM CLEAR SCREEN.
270 FOR 1=0 TO LN-1:POKE SCR+I,WALL:POKE
COL+I,2:NEXTI:REM TOP
280 FOR 1=0 TO LN-1:POKE SCR+LN*22+I,WAL
L:POKECOL+LN*22+I,2:NEXTI:REM BOTTOM
290 FOR 1=0 TO 22:POKESCR+I*LN,WALL:POKE
COL+I*LNf2:NEXT I:REM LEFT
300 FOR 1=0 TO 22:POKE SCR+LN-1+I*LN,WAL
L:POKECOL+LN-1+I*LN,2:NEXTI:REM RIGH
T
310 RETURN
22
Maze
Games 2
'Time BomW for the unexpanded VIC creates a maze which is three
screens long. The game uses machine language to create the maze
and allows scrolling up and down.
You play "Time Bomb" against the clock. You start at the bot
tom of a maze which is about three times the size of the
VICs screen. At the top of the maze is a time bomb ticking
away. The closer it gets to blowing up, the higher pitched the
ticking becomes. If you reach the bomb, you must steer the
pointer into it to defuse it. If you are successful, you have a
go at the same maze, but with the bomb in a different place
and with a shorter fuse. This continues until you run out of
time. If you fail to defuse it, you get a new maze and a new
bomb with a longer fuse.
Time Bomb is quite challenging to a player's memory of
spatial relationships. People who are at first intimidated by
seeing only a portion of the maze quickly become accustomed
to thinking ahead and remembering the dead ends and clear
paths through the maze. An ability to recall the good and
bad moves is crucial to getting into the later rounds.
My aim was to create something more challenging than a
single screen maze. I then hit on the idea that makes this
game so entertaining: to make the maze larger than the
screen and bring it on and off the display by scrolling it out
of a much larger block of memory.
how the idea Came

It sounded great, but how would I do it? The secret lies in a
short machine language routine that is called to update the
display whenever the player goes up or down in the maze. It
does this so quickly that I used the BASIC joystick routine
from COMPUTED First Book of VIC just to keep things at a
reasonable pace.
There are actually three separate machine language rou
tines that are represented by the DATA statements. One fills
25
2 Maze
Games
the maze area with the proper character, another fills the
screen's color RAM with the proper color, and the third one
scrolls the maze. I could have used BASIC POKEs to do all
these things, but the time consumed would be too great. It
would be impossible to use POKEs to scroll the maze with
enough speed to be any fun at all.
Maze fans will find 'Time Bomb" quite a challenge.
When typing in the program, be sure to SAVE it before

you RUN it, since a typo in the DAIA statements could cause
you to lose the whole program. Be very careful as you enter
the DAIA statements. If you have a bug in the program, it is
most likely in the DATA statements, so look there first.
When you do RUN it, there will be a slight pause while
the machine language parts are POKEd into the cassette buf
fer. Then the screen should clear, and the words "Making
Maze" should appear. Because of the size of the maze, the
VIC needs almost a minute to draw it, so be patient. When
the maze is complete, a musical announcement alerts you to
begin playing. Don't give up if you are eliminated on the first
round; it takes a while to get used to looking ahead in the
maze and planning your route.
You can give yourself more time to reach the bomb by
making these changes in the program:
26
Maze
Games 2
6 K=K+l:ON-(K/2 < > INT(K/2))GOTO8:IFK>840THEN37

7 FORT =lTO2:POKEVr4:POKES +1,128 +K/7:NEXT:POKES +1,0
Program 2-1. Time Bomb

2 POKE56,24:POKE55,103:GOSUB29
3 D=37154:Pl=D-3:P2=D-2:DF=30720:V=36878
:S=V-4;Ml=30:X=50:GOTO19
4 FORT=240TO208STEP-4:POKES,T:FORTT=0TO3
0:POKEV,TT/2:NEXT:NEXTT:POKES,0:ME=7 9 3
2
5 POKEOM,32:POKEOM+DF,10:POKEME,Ml:POKEM
E+DF,6:IFFTHEN40
6 K=K+1:ON-(K/2<>INT(K/2))GOTO8:IFK>600T
HEN37
7 FORT=1TO2:POKEV,T*4:POKES+1,128+K/5:NE
XT:POKES+1,0
8 POKED,127:P=PEEK(P2)AND128:J0=-(P=0)
9 POKED,255:P=PEEK(P1):Jl=-((PAND8)=0):J
2=-((PAND16)=0):J3=-((PAND4)=0)
10 IFJ0THENC=1:M1=62:GOTO14
11 IFJ1THENC=22:M1=22:GOTO14
12 IFJ2THENC=-1:M1=60:GOTO14
13 IFJ3THENC=-22:M1=30
14 OM=ME:ME=ME+C:C=0
15 IFPEEK(ME)<>32ANDPEEK(ME)<>42THENME=O
M
16 IFPEEK(ME)=42THENF=1:GOTO5
17 ON-(ME>7921)GOTO18:SYS887:ME=ME+22:GO
TO5
18 ON-(ME<7944)GOTO5:SYS905:ME=ME-22:GOT
05
19 DIMA(3):A(0)= 2:A(1)=-44:A(2)=-2:A(3)
=44:WL=209:HL=32:SC=6228:A9=6943
20 SYS861:PRINT"{CLR} {DOWN}MAKING MAZE"
21 FORT=SC+21TO7679STEP22:POKET,32:NEXT:
FORT=SCTOSC+21:POKET,32:NEXT
22 J=INT(RND(1)*4):X3=J
23 B=A9+A(J)
24 1FPEEK(B)=WLTHENPOKEB,J:POKEA9+A(J)/2
,HL:A9=B:GOTO22
25 J=(J+1)*-(J<3):IFJ<>X3THEN23
27
Maze
Games
26 J=PEEK(A9):P0KEA9,HL:IFJ<4THENA9=A9-A
(J):GOTO22
27 TB=SC+INT(RND(0)*20)+220:ON-(PEEK(TB)
<> 32)G0T02 7:POKETB,42
28 SYS830:POKE828,204:POKE829,28:SYS923:
GOTO4
29 FORI=830TO974:READA:POKEI,A:NEXT:RETU
RN
30 DATA169,238,141,15,144,169,0,133,251,
169,150,133,252,160,0,169,10,145,251,
200,208
31 DATA251,230,252,165,252,201,152,208,2
41,96,169,84,133,251,169,24,133,252,1
60,0,169
32 DATA209,145,251,200,208,251,230,252,1
65,252,201,30,208
33 DATA241,96,173,60,3,56,233,22,176,3,2
06,61,3,141,60,3,56,176,19,234,173,60
,3,24,105
34 DATA22,144,3,238,61,3,141,60,3,24,144
,1,234,169,0,133,0,169,30,133,1,173,6
0,3,133
35 DATA254,173,61,3,133,255,169,0,133, 25
3,160,0,177,254,164,253,145,0,132,253
,230,253
36 DATA234,208,2,230,1,230,254,208,2,230
,255,169,32,197,1,208,227,96
37 POKEV,15:FORT=255TO127STEP-2:POKES,T:
POKEV-9,255:FORG=1TO10:NEXT
38 POKEV-9,242:FORG=1TO10:NEXT:POKEV-9,2
40:NEXT:POKEV-1,220:FORG=15TO0STEP-.0
5
39 POKEV,G:POKEV+1,G*10:NEXT:POKEV-1,0:P
OKEV+1,238:GOSUB42:RUN
40 POKETB,32:POKEV-1,253:FORG=30TO0STEP-
.15:POKEV,G/2:NEXT:X=X+50:IFX>449THEN
X=450
41 POKEV-1,0:F=0:K=X:R=R+1z GOSUB42:GOTO2
7
42 PRINT"{HOME}ROUND"R"{LEFT} ":PRINT"
{DOWN}PRESS F7 ":A$="":GETA$:ON-(PEEK
(197)<>63)GOTO42:RETURN
28
Maze
Games 2
Hidden Maze
Gary Boden
Translated for the VIC by Charles Brannon.
The maze is there — you just can't see it! This maze game adds a
new twist to maze puzzles.
Mazes present a challenge different from arcade-type "shoot-

out" games, but the appeal of a maze can quickly fade once
it has been solved. I have enhanced its challenge by hiding
the complete maze from the player and showing only a realis
tically limited view from any position inside it. Although the
view is from above rather than ground level, the player still
gets a claustrophobic feeling similar to that of actually being
inside the maze and groping along the corridors.
Playing Hidden Maze

The objective is simply to find a way out of the maze in the
least amount of time. Realism is added by showing at most
only seven cells in any of the four possible directions of
movement. This simulates holding up a lantern and peering
down various avenues of escape — at a certain point the light
either illuminates a wall or disappears into the gloom.
Moves are made by pushing the joystick in a particular
direction. If no wall obstructs, the smiling face advances one
cell and a new limited view is displayed. Time ticks on relent
lessly whether the player is moving or thinking. Hitting the
fire button reveals a quick glimpse of the whole maze, but
the player is "paralyzed" for a few seconds as a penalty.
Program Description
The maze is constructed (lines 480-580) in the manner de
scribed in Appendix A, but by filling color memory with the
value for the screen color (line 520), the maze is made invis
ible. As the player proceeds through the maze, the color
memory for the characters around the player is POKEd with
values which make walls visible (lines 170-200). The player al
ways starts in the center and tries to reach "home" in the
upper-left corner.
29
Maze
Games
Four player characters are defined (lines 360-470), one

each for the smiling face looking left, right, up, and down. In
this way, the player is always facing the direction of the last
move. The joystick is read (line 210) to determine the direction
to move (line 215) and which player character to use (line
220). If the fire button is pressed, a quick view of the maze is
given and the player is "frozen" for a few seconds (line 240).
The more success you have, the more maze you will see in
"Hidden Maze"
line 250 checks if a wall has been hit, and line 270
checks whether the end of the maze has been reached. Line
280 flashes the screen when the player reaches home. Scoring
is based on the time taken to travel the maze, using the VIC's
built-in clock (lines 160, 300-310).
Program 2-2. Hidden Maze

100 REM HIDDEN MAZE:
110 PRINTMtCLR}ll;:GOSUB 360:GOSUB480
120 PP=253
130 POKE SCR+PP,5:POKE CMEM+PP,2
140 DIM DIR(3)
150 DIR(0)=22:DIR(1)=23:DIR(2)=21:DIR(3)
=1
160 T=TI
170 FOR 1=0 TO 3
30
Maze
Games 2
180 POKE CMEM+PP+DIR(I),5
190 POKE CMEM+PP-DIR(l),5
200 NEXT I
210 POKE37154/127:X=(NOTPEEK(37151))AND6
0-((PEEK(37152)AND128)=0):POKE37154,
255
211 IFX=0THEN210
215 TP=PP-22*((XAND8)>0)+22*((XAND4)>0)-
((XAND1)>0)+((XAND16)>0)
220 CHR=-(3*((XAND16)>0)+4*((XANDl)>0)+5
*((XAND4)>0)+6*((XAND8)>0))
230 IFCHR<3ORCHR>6THENCHR=5
240 IF(XAND32)THENPOKECC,8:FORW=1TO2000:
NEXT:POKECC,27:FORW=1TO2000:NEXT
250 IF PEEK(SC+TP)<>32 THEN 270
260 POKE SCR+PP,32:POKE SCR+TP,CHR:POKE
CMEM+TP,2:PP=TP
270 IF PP<>23 THEN 170
280 FORI=1TO100:POKE CCTRL,255*RND(0):NE
XT:POKECCTRL,27
290 PRINT"{CLRHrVSHPUR}YOU DID IT!":PO
KE36869,240
300 SEC=INT((TI-T)/60)
310 PRINT"{GRN}IN";SEC;"SECONDS
320 PRINT:PRINT"{CYN}PRESS{RED}{RVS}SPAC
E{2 OFF}{CYN} TO":PRINT"PLAY AGAIN.
{BLU}"
350 RUN
360 REM LOAD CHARACTER SET
365 CHSET=7168:POKE51,240:POKE52,CH/256-
1:POKE55,240:POKE56,CH/256-1
370 FORI=0TO7:POKECH+256+I,0:NEXT
380 READA:IFA=-1THENRETURN
390 FORJ=0TO7:READB:POKECHSET+A*8+J,B:NE
XTJ
400 GOTO380
410 DATA3,56,124,174,174,254,186,68,56
420 DATA4,56,124,234,234,254,186,68,56
430 DATA5,56,84,214,254,254,186,68,56
440 DATA6,56,124,254,214,214,186,68,56
441 DATA7,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255
31
2 Maze
Games
470 DATA-1
480 POKE36869,255
485 PRINT"{CLR}t22 DOWN}{RVS}GENERATING
MAZE{HOME}{OFF}";
490 SC=7680:CMEM=38400:CCTRL=36879
500 DIMA(3):A(0)=2:A(1)=-44:A(2)=-2:A(3)
=44
510 A=SC+23tWL=7:HL=32
520 FORI=1TO21:PRINT"{WHT}GGGGGGGGGGGGGG
GGGGG":NEXT:POKEA,5
530 J=INT(RND(1)*4):X=J:POKESC+505,J+l28
:POKECM+505,8*RND(0)
540 B=A+A(J)
550 IFPEEK(B)=WLTHENPOKEB,J+1:POKEA+A(J)
/2,HL:A=B:GOTO530
560 J=-(J+1)*(J<3):IFJ<>XTHEN540
570 J=PEEK(A):POKEA,HL:IFJ < 5THENA=A-A(J-
1):GOTO530
575 PRINT"{HOME}{22 DOWN}{17 SPACES}
{HOME}";:POKESC+505,32
580 RETURN
32
Maze
Games 2
Anthony Godshall
Fast action and strategy make this maze game fun for all ages.
"Superchase" is an arcade-style game where you try to find

all the treasures before the monster of dungeons gets you!
Sounds easy, doesn't it? Well, it isn't quite that simple. The
faster you go, the faster he goes. What's the point in going
fast? If you go fast, you get more points.
Here's how the game works. You get to choose your skill
level. Hit a key between 1 and 9. After you choose your skill
level, the maze is drawn, the treasures are put in, and you
appear in the upper left-hand corner. Take off!
The monster will follow in your exact footsteps, so you
can duck into a side passageway and let him go past if you
know where you have been. If you are trapped, try to make
him accelerate. When he is accelerating, you can run past
him. Do this by moving your joystick back and forth as fast
as you can.
Getting away is difficult in "Superchase."
33
2 Maze
Games
If you clear the maze of all the treasures, you will receive
a bonus, depending on your skill level and score, and will
start a new screen with a higher skill level. Don't be disap
pointed if you don't get a good score the first time. I find that
most people learn quickly.
Program 2-3. Superchase

40 GOSUB14000
42 POKE1,0:P0KE2,0
45 GOSUB12000:CLR:SK=PEEK(0):P=PEEK(1)*2
56+PEEK(2)
100 GOTO10000
1000 M$=""
1110 POKEDD,127:P1=PEEK(D1)ANDAD:P2=PEEK
(D2)
1120 IFP1=58THENM$="+{LEFT}{UP}":PRINTM$
..Y=Y-1:C$="{DOWN}":CX=0:CY=l:GOTOl
160
1130 IFP2=119THENM$="+{LEFT}{RIGHT}":PRI
NTM$;:X=X+1:C$="{LEFT}":CX=-1:CY=0:
GOTOl160
1140 IFPl=46THENM$="+{2 LEFT}":PRINTM$;:
X=X-1:C$="{RIGHT}":CX=1:CY=0:GOTOl1
60
1150 IFP1=54THENM$="+{LEFT}{DOWN}":PRINT
M$;:Y=Y+1:C$="{UP}":CY=-1:CX=0:GOTO
1160
1155 GOTO1300
1160 IFFNCH(S)=WLTHENPRINTC$;:X=X+CX:Y=Y
+CY:GOTO1300
1170 F$=F$+RIGHT$(M$,1)
1180 IFFNCH(S)=DITHENP=P+100*(EL-S):PC=P
C+l
1190 IFFNCH(S)=SPTHENP=P+50*(EL-S):PC=PC
+1
1200 IFFNCH(S)=CLTHENP=P+30*(EL-S):PC=PC
+1
1210 IFFNCH(S)=HETHENP=P+20*(EL-S):PC=PC
+1
1220 IFFNCH(S)=CITHENP=P+10*(EL-S):PC=PC
+1
34
Maze1
Games
1250 J$=STR$(P*SK):FORJ=1TOLEN(J$):POKES
C+J+489,ASC(MID$(J$,J,l)):NEXT
1300 PRINT"Q{LEFT}";
1310 IFPO=61THENPRINTDN$"NO MORE TREASU
RE.";:GOTO7000
1900 RETURN
2000 IFLEN(F$)>=30THENGOSUB3000
2005 FM=FM+1:1FFM/S< >INT(FM/S)THENRETURN
2006 FORH=1TOSKL:
2007 POKEFNPLOT(0),32
2010 J$=LEFT$(F$,1) :F$=MID$(F$,2)
2030 POKEV,15:POKES1,254-LEN(F$):FORM=1T
O10:NEXT:POKE36875,0
2100 IFJ$="{UP}"THENYF=YF-1:GOTO2200
2110 IFJ$="{RIGHT}"THENXF=XF+1:GOTO2200
2120 IFJ$="{DOWN}"THENYF=YF+1:GOTO2200
2130 IFJ$="{LEFT}"THENXF=XF-1:GOTO2200
2150 GOTO2200
2200 POKEFNPL(0),42
2205 NEXT
2210 RETURN
3000 POKEFNPL(0),32
3007 S=S-1:IFS<1THENS=1
3008 J$=STR$(EL-S):FORJ=1TOLEN(J$):POKES
C+J+502,ASC(MID$(J$,J,l)):NEXT
3010 FORC=1TO10:J$=MID$(F$/C,1):IFJ$="
{UP}"THENYF=YF-1:GOTO3100
3020 IFJ$="{DOWN}"THENYF=YF+1:GOTO3100
3030 IFJ$="{RIGHT}"THENXF=XF+1:GOTO3100
3040 IFJ$="{LEFT}"THENXF=XF-1:GOTO3100
3100 POKEFNPL(0),42
3150 IFC/SK=INT(C/SK)THENGOSUB1000
3310 FORM=CTOC+2:POKES2,M*3+130:FORN=1TO
10:NEXT:NEXT:POKES 2,0
3350 POKEFNPLOT(0),32
3400 NEXT
3500 F$=MID$(F$,EL):RETURN
4000 IFX=XFANDY=YFTHENPRINTDN$"A TASTY M
ORSEL INDEEDl";:GOSUB6000:GOTO11000
4500 RETURN
6000 POKE36877,220:FORL=15TO0STEP-1:POKE
36878,L:FORM=1TO300:NEXT:NEXT:POKE3
6877,0:POKE36878,15
35
Maze
Games
6010 RETURN
7000 FORK=1TO30
7005 POKE36876,220:FORL=1TO5:NEXT:POKE36
876,0:FORL=1TO5:NEXT:POKE36876,200:
FORL=1TO5:NEXT
7010 POKE36876,0:FORL=1TO5:NEXT:NEXT
7100 J=INT(P/256):P0KE1,J:POKE2,P-J*256
7200 SK=PEEK(0)+1:POKE0,SK:GOTO45
7999 GOTO7000
8000 FORM=1TO500:GOSUB1000:IFLEN(F$)< 20T
HENNEXT
8010 FORJ=8142TO8142+20:POKEJ,32:NEXT
8100 GOSUB1000:GOSUB2000:GOSUB4000:GOTO8
100
10000 DN$="{HOME}{21 DOWN}{RVS}{WHT}"
10030 S=10:PC=0:SC=7680:RO=22
10050 DEFFNPL(XX)=(YF*RO+XF)+SC
10060 DEFFNCH(XX)=PEEK((Y*RO+X)+SC)
10077 SO=10:POKE36878,15
10100 DD=37154:D1=37151:D2=37152:AD=63
10110 WL=102:DI=90:SP=65:CL=88:HE=83:CI=
87:EL=11
10120 V=36878:S1=36875:S2=36876
10500 TI$="000000"
10600 PRINTDN$"{7 SPACES}GO i 1 11 I 1
{5 SPACES}"
10700 PRINTDN$"{OFF}{DOWN}{BLK}SCORE:
{WHT}{7 SPACES}{BLK}SPEED:{WHT} 1
{HOME}"
10800 PRINT"{HOME}{RIGHT}{DOWN}";:X=l:Y=
1:XF=1:YF=1
10900 GOTO8000
11000 REM GAME OVER
11010 POKE37154,255
11105 PRINT:PRINT"{DOWN}TIME WAS ";MID$(
TI$,3,2);" MINUTES, ";RIGHT$(TI$,2
);" SECONDS"
11110 PRINT"PLAY AGAIN ?
11120 GETJ$:IFJ$ ""THEN11120

11130 PRINTJ$:IFJ$ "N"THENEND
11140 IFJ$="Y"THENRUN
36
Maze1
Games i
11150 PRINT:PRINT"{UP}";:G0T011110
12000 DIMA(3):A(0)=2:A(1)=-44:A(2)=-2:A(
3)=44:WL=102:HL=32:SC=7680:A=SC+23
:J=RND(-TI)
12010 POKE36879,110
12100 PRINTCHR$(142)"{CLR}{YEL}{OFF}";:F
ORI=1TO21:PRINT"E21 +3":NEXT:P0K
EA,4
12200 J=INT(RND(1)*4):X=J
12205 B=A+A(J)
12210 IFPEEK(B)=WLTHENPOKEB,J:POKEA+A(J)
/2,HL:A=B:GOTO12200
12240 J=( J+l) *- (J<3) : IFJOXTHEN12205
12250 J=PEEK(A):P0KEA,HL:IFJ<4THENA=A-A(
J):GOTO12200
12300 PRINT" {HOME} {DOWN} {RIGHTjV"
12305 READJ,K,C:IFJ<0THEN12500
12310 FORA=1TOJ
12320 B=INT(RND(1)*410):IF(B-21)/22=INT(
(B-21)/22)THEN12320
12330 IF PEEK(B+7702)<>32THEN12320
12340 POKEB+7702,K:POKEB+38422/C
12350 NEXT:GOTO12305
12400 DATA2,90,1,4,65,0,7,88,5,9,83,2,39
,87,3,-1,0,0
12450 PRINT"12450:P="P
12500 RETURN
14000 POKE36879,46
14010 PRINTCHR$(14)"{CLR}{WHT}{6 DOWN}
{2 RIGHT}{4 SPACES}gl0 @3
{12 SPACES}{RVS}SUPERCHASE{OFF}"
14050 PRINT"{5 DOWN} SKILL LEVEL (1-9):
{RVS} {OFF}{2 LEFT}";
14060 GETJ$:IFJ$=""THEN14060
14070 SK=VAL(J$):IFSK<1ORSK>9THEN14060
14075 POKE0,SK
14080 PRINTSK:POKE0,SK:RETURN
37
2 Games
dark and Kathryn H. Kidd
This maze keeps changing. The object is to move across the screen as
efficiently as possible. Points are deducted from your score when you
run into a wall. Caution is more important than speed.
The Legend of the Maze

Eor thousands of years, leprechauns have wandered the hills
and valleys of the little country of Ireland. Irishmen look for
leprechauns because leprechauns are rich and magical. If an
Irishman catches a leprechaun, the leprechaun must grant his
wishes and make him rich.
Each leprechaun has his own pot of gold, but the lepre
chauns want to keep their gold and not share it with the big
people, the human population of Ireland. So leprechauns
have become very tricky. Very few Irishmen have ever seen a
leprechaun, and nobody has ever been able to keep a lepre
chaun's pot of gold.
Lochinvar is king of the leprechauns. He is king because
he's the trickiest of all the Little People. He doesn't have a pot
of gold, however. Lochinvar's treasure is in diamonds.
Lochinvar has hidden his diamond treasure at the end of
a maze. The maze is built of tall hedges, like the hedge
mazes in many gardens throughout the world. Lochinvar's
maze is different, though: it moves. The maze changes shape
as people try to go through it, making it hard to reach
Lochinvar's diamonds.
Although Lochinvar is tricky, you are fast. If you are fast
enough, you may be able to reach Lochinvar's diamonds be
fore the maze confuses you and you become lost. Don't go
too fast, however. The maze is built of thorns, and whenever
you run into a hedge wall you'll get a skin full of prickles.
38
Maze
Games 2
How to Play
"Lochinvar's Maze" is a game of skill and speed. You must
move through the maze and find the diamonds. If you run
into a wall, a beep will sound, and points will be deducted
from your score.
You'll begin the game on the left side of the maze. To
move upward, press Fl. To move down, press F3. Press the
letter A to move across the board. Move as quickly as you
can without touching the sides or walls of the maze. The
game continues until you touch the diamond on the right
side of the maze.
At the end of the game, you will receive a score ranked
from 1 to 100. The score is based on the time it took you to
reach the diamond treasure, minus the number of times you
ran into the moving hedge. A score of 80 or above qualifies
you as an expert diamond hunter. If you reach 90, you may
want to move to Ireland to take on the other leprechauns.
The maze will continue to change as you try to cross the

screen.
Program 2-4: Lochinvar's Maze

100 P1=4*(PEEK(36866)AND128)+64*(PEEK(368
69)AND120):P2=37888+4*(PEEK(36866)AN
D128)
39
2 Maze
Games
125 POKE36879,27
130 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}WELCOME TO...
{2 DOWN}":PRINT"{5 SPACESJLOCHINVAR'
S{2 SPACES}":PRINT"{2 DOWN}
{7 SPACES}M A Z E"
140 INPUT "{4 DOWN}INSTRUCTIONS (Y/N)";X$
150 IFX$="N"THEN500
160 IFX$="Y"THEN5000
170 GOTO140
500 POKE 36879,28:PRINT"{CLR}"
505 PC=0
510 FORX=1TO21STEP2
520 Z=INT(RND(1)*23)
530 FORY=0TO22
540 IFY=ZANDX<>21THEN560
550 POKEP1+X+(Y*22),160:POKEP2+X+(Y*22),4
560 NEXTYrNEXTX
570 POKEPl+242,81:POKEP2+242,0
580 POKEP1+241, 32:POKEP2+241,1:POKEP1+263
,90:POKEP2+263,0:POKEP1+285,32:POKEP
2+285,1
590 X=11:Y=0:MN=220:MD=50:GOSUB700:MN=230
:MD=100:GOSUB700:GOTO1000
700 POKE36878,15:POKE36876,MN:FORQQ=1TOMD
:NEXTQQ
710 POKE36878,0:POKE36876,0:RETURN
1000 AA=INT(Tl/60)
1005 LC=0
1010 Z=PEEK(197)
1020 IFZ=17THEN1100
1040 IFZ=39THEN1300
1050 IFZ=47THEN1400
1060 LC=LC+1
1070 GOTO4000
1100 X1=X:Y1=Y+1:GOTO2000
1300 X1=X-1:Y1=Y:GOTO2000
1400 X1=X+1:Y1=Y
2000 IFXK0ORX1>22ORYK0ORY1>21THEN2080
2010 Z=PEEK(P1+(X1*22)+Y1)
2020 IFZ=90THEN3000
2030 IFZO32THEN2080
2040 POKEP1+(X*22)+Y,32:POKEP2+(X*22)+Y,1
40
Maze
Games 2
2050 X=X1:Y=Y1
2060 P0KEP1+(X*22)+Y,81:P0KEP2+(X*22)+Y,0
2070 GOTO1010
2080 MN=128:MD=70:GOSUB700:PC=PC+1:GOTO10
10
3000 ZZ=INT(Tl/60)
3001 POKEP1+(X*22)+Y,32
3002 MN=220:MD=50:GOSUB700:MN=230:MD=100:
GOSUB700
3005 GETX$:IFX$<>""THEN3005
3010 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}TOTAL SECONDS:"ZZ-A
A
3015 PRINT"{DOWN}PENALTIES:"PC
3016 X=115-(ZZ-AA)-(PC*5)
3017 IPX>100THENX=100
3018 IFX<1THENX=1
3019 PRINTM{DOWN}RANKING(1-100):"X"
{4 DOWN}"
3020 INPUT "{2 DOWN}ANOTHER MAZE (Y/N)";X
$
3030 IFX$="N"THENPOKE36879,27:PRINT"{CLR}
11: END
3040 IFX$="Y"THEN500
3050 GOTO3020
4000 ONLCGOTO4010,4020,4030,4040,4050,406
0,4070,4080
4010 L1=INT(RND(1)*10):GOTO1010
4020 L2=INT(RND(1)*23):GOTO1010
4030 L3=P1+1+(L1*2):GOTO1010
4040 L4=0:GOTO1010
4050 IFPEEK(L3+(L4*22))=32THEN1010
4052 L4=L4+1:IFL4>22THEN1005
4054 LC=LC-1:GOTO1010
4060 L6=L3+(L2*22):GOTO1010
4070 IFPEEK(L3+(L4*22))<>32THEN1005
4075 POKE(L3+(L4*22)),160:POKEP2+(L3-Pl+(
L4*22)),4:GOTO1010
4080 POKEL6,32:POKEP2+(L6-P1),1:GOTO1005
5000 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}{2 SPACES}THIS MAZE
IS A TEST {DOWNjOF SKILL AND SPEED
.{3 SPACES}{DOWN}YOU({BLK}Q{BLU}) M
UST MOVE"
41
2 Maze
Games
5010 PRINT"{DOWN}THROUGH THE MAZE AND

{2 SPACES}{DOWN}FIND THE DIAMONDS(
{BLK}^{BLU}).{DOWN}"
5020 PRINT"THIS IS COMPLICATED BY{DOWN}TH
E FACT THAT THE MAZE{DOWN}WILL SOME
TIMES CHANGE "
5030 PRINT"DURING THE GAME."
5040 GOSUB5900
5050 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}IF YOU CRASH INTO A
{3 SPACES}{DOWN}WALL, YOU WILL HEAR
A {DOWN}'BEEP' AND WILL GET A"
5060 PRINT"{DOWN}PENALTY.{2 SPACES}YOUR F
INAL{2 SPACES}{DOWN}SCORE WILL BE B
ASED ON{DOWN}THE TIME SPENT IN THE"
5070 PRINT"{DOWN}MAZE, ADJUSTED FOR
{4 SPACES}{DOWN}PENALTIES."
5080 GOSUB5900
5090 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}THREE KEYS ARE USED
TO{DOWN}MOVE THROUGH THE MAZE:
{3 DOWN}"
5100 PRINT"Fl - MOVES YOU UP{5 SPACES}
{DOWN}F3 - MOVES YOU DOWN{3 SPACES}
{DOWN} A - MOVES YOU ACROSS"
5110 PRINT"{3 DOWN}G O 0 D{3 SPACES}L U C
K 1{SHIFT-SPACE}!"
5120 GOSUB5900
5130 GOTO500
5900 PRINT"{3 DOWN}{3 SPACES}(PRESS ANY K
EY)"
5910 GET X$:IF X$=""THEN5910
5920 RETURN
42
Action
Games
Closeout
L.L. Beh
Translated for the VIC by Charles Brannon.
"Closeout" uses the concept of artificial intelligence to create an in

teresting chase game.
"Closeout" uses almost all the memory that the unexpanded

5K VIC can offer. Don't enter any extra spaces or semicolons.
It will run on any size VIC. "Floating" memory is handled in
lines 180 and 190. Instead of using TX =7680, the start of
screen memory on a 5K VIC, the formula in line 180 will
return the proper address for any VIC.
Scrambling for Bargains

There's a huge sale going on at a local department store. You
arrive at the multistory building hungry for bargains. Boldly,
you enter the store and look around — and see bargains
galore. A real sale! You start gathering up sale items, but then
become aware of a strange group of shoppers. Wherever you
go, they follow you around.
The object of Closeout is to snatch up as many sale
items as possible while evading the hostile bargain hunters.
Using the IJ,K,M keys (I=up, M=down, J=left, K=right)
move yourself (represented by the "pi" symbol) around the
department store, avoiding the rapacious bargain hunters who
mercilessly pursue you. Pick up the various sale items by
moving your character over the colored dots. You can ascend
and descend escalators to move from floor to floor. If a fellow
shopper gets too aggressive, you can deliver a shove that will
send him reeling back to the top floor. You start out with
three shoves, and you get two more every time you acquire
120 sale items (at which point you move on to a whole new
store). Press SPACE to deliver a shove, but be careful not to
run out of them. You cannot use your shoves while you're on
an escalator. You have no time limit to worry about.
Special Techniques
In an attempt to get the most speed from a BASIC program
while using the least amount of memory, there are several
45
Action
Games
tricks here that may be useful to VIC programmers. First, var

iables replace much-used constants. For example, the number
22 (number of characters per line) is used extensively in the
screen POKE statements. Initially setting Q =22 at the start of
the program lets you substitute Q for the constant 22. Aside
from the convenience of this, using variables is much faster.
Instead of converting the characters '"22" to the floating point
equivalent, the computer only has to look up the value of Q.
It seems trivial, but judicious use of variables can significantly
speed up your programs. Also note that the letter "O" is
used instead of zero in some places for the same reason.
Artificial intelligence?
A game like this is the perfect opportunity to fiddle with arti
ficial intelligence. When you write a routine that makes a
character chase another, you've simulated a simple animal's
"instincts," or predetermined behavior.
The crazed shoppers in Closeout must know how to
home in on you. Their behavior must include the ability to
get on and off the escalators. One thing you should watch
out for when writing games like this is predictability. If your
"intelligence" subroutine is too good, your creatures will accu
rately home in on the victim, but they will act in predictable
ways. Sometimes it helps to stir a little randomness in with
the RND function (we humans call such "careful" random
ness creativity).
Since all three pursuers use the same "intelligence" algo
rithm, we've just created "mini-arrays" that hold important
variables for each character: the X and Y position, the charac
ter used, the current direction, and the character "under
neath" the pursuer. To move a character nondestructively, you
have to save and restore the background characters. The rou
tine can move any of the three chasers according to E, the
"Enemy index." To create the illusion of simultaneous motion
without slowing down the player too much, only one chaser
can move for every move the player makes.
Enhancements
If you have more than the normal 5K RAM memory in your
VIC, you might want to make some enhancements to the
game. You could add custom characters, improved sound ef
fects, and more pursuers.
46
Action
Games '
Youil be grabbing up bargains when you play "Closeout."
Program 3-1. Closeout

100 REM VIC-20 CLOSEOUT
110 DIM EX%(2),EY%(2),EC%(2),EP%(2),PC%(
2),DX%(2),DY%(2),SV%(21)
120 S1=36874:S3=S1+3:V=36878:POKES1,0:PO
KEV,0:S2=S1+1
130 R=0:PTS=0:SH=l:0=0:CD$=CHR$(19):FORI
=1TO23:CD$=CD$+CHR$(17):NEXT
140 PRINTCHR$(147)CHR$(18)CHR$(156)"
{2 SPACES}CLOSEOUT"
150 R=R+1:PRINTCHR$(19)TAB(12)CHR$(30)"R
OUND"R
160 SH=SH+2:GOSUB900
170 SC=36879:Q=22:M=O
180 TX=4*(PEEK(36866)AND128)+64*(PEEK(36
869)AND120)
190 C0L0UR=37888+4*(PEEK(36866)AND128)
200 FORI=44TO65:POKETX+I,104:POKECO+I,6:
NEXT
210 FORI=88TO400STEP44
220 F0RJ=IT0I+21
230 POKETX+J,104:POKECO+J,6
240 POKETX+J-Q,46:POKECO+J-Q,6*RND(O)+2
250 NEXT:NEXT
47
Action
Games
260 FORI=66TO378STEPQ:POKETX+I,64:POKECO
+1,0:P0KETX+21+I,64:P0KEC0+21+I,O:NE
XT
270 FORI=1TO10
280 SX=INT(7*RND(0))*3+3:SY=5+INT(6*RND(
0))*2
290 LN=2+INT(3*RND(O))*2:IF SY+LN>18 THE
N 290
300 FORJ=SY*QTO(SY+LN)*QSTEPQ
310 POKETX+SX+J,64:POKECO+SX+J,O
320 NEXT:NEXT
330 EX%(O)=1:EX%(1)=2:EX%(2)=3:FORI=OTO2
:EY%(I)=3:NEXT
340 EC%(O)=65:EC%(1)=88:EC%(2)=81
350 DX%(O)=1:DX%(1)=1:DX%(2)=-1
360 F0RI=0T02:EP%(I)=46:PC%(I)=INT(6 *RND
(0)+2):NEXT
370 PX=2:PY=17:PC=94:DX=O:DY=O:PK=32
380 GETA$:IFA$<>""THENB$=A$
390 IFB$=" "THENGOSUB800
400 IFB$="I"THENDY=-1:DX=O
410 IFB$="M"THENDY=1:DX=O
420 IFB$="J"THENDX=-1:DY=O
430 IFB$="K"THENDX=1:DY=O
440 CP=TX+PX+Q*PY
450 IFPK<>64ORPEEK(CP+Q*DY)=104THENDY=O
460 IFPEEK(CP+DX)=104THENDX=O:B$=""
470 POKE CP,PK:POKECO+CP-TX,CC
480 PX=PX+DX:PY=PY+DY
490 IFPX<0THENPX=O:B$="":DX=O
500 IFPX>21THENPX=21:B$="":DX=O
510 NP=TX+PX+Q*PY:CC=PEEK(CO+NP-TX)
520 PK=PEEK(NP):IFPK<>46ANDPK<>42THEN560
530 PTS=PTS+1:IFPK=42THENPTS=PTS+49
540 GOSUB980:PK=32:FORI=15TO0STEP-5:POKE
S3,255-1:POKEV,I:NEXT:P0KES3,0
550 M=M+1:IFM=120THEN140
560 IFPK=EC%(O)ORPK=EC%(1)ORPK=EC%(2)THE
N730
570 P0KENP,PC:P0KEC0+PX+Q*PY,2
580 E=-(E+1)*(E<2)
590 EX=EX%(E):EY=EY%(E):EC=EC%(E):XX=DX%
(E):YY=DY%(E):EP=EP%(E):C=PC%(E)
48
Action
Games
600 POKETX+EX+Q*EY,EP:POKECO+EX+Q*EY,C
610 CP=TX+EX+Q*EY
620 IF(PEEK(CP-Q)=64ORPEEK(CP+Q)=64)ANDR
ND(1)>.1THENXX=O:YY=SGN(PY-EY)
630 IFPEEK(CP+YY*Q)=104OR(EY=PYANDEY/2<>
INT(EY/2))THENYY=O:XX=SGN(PX-EX)
640 EX=EX+XX:EY=EY+YY
650 IFEX=OOREX=21THENXX=-XX
660 NP=TX+EX+Q*EY:EP=PEEK(NP):C=PEEK(CO+
NP-TX)
670 IFEP=PCTHENPOKENP,161:GOTO730
675 IFEP<>EC%(0)ANDEP<>EC%(1)ANDEPOEC%(
2)THEN700
680 FORI=OTO2:IFEP<>EC%(I)THENNEXT:STOP
690 EP=EP%(I):C=PC%(I)
700 POKENP,EC:POKECO+NP-TX,3+E
710 EX%(E)=EX:EY%(E)=EY:EP%(E)=EP:PC%(EJ
=C:DX%(E)=XX:DY%(E)=YY
720 GOTO380
730 FORI=128TO255STEP2:POKESC,I:POKES3,I
:POKEV,(I-128)/8:NEXT
740 POKESC,27:PRINTCHR?(19)CHR$(18)CHR$(
156)"{2 SPACES}NABBED1 "
750 PRINTLEFT$(CD$,23);CHR$(31);"PRESS "
CHR$(18);
760 PRINTCHR$(156)"SPACE"CHR$(146)CHR$(3
1)" TO REPLAY";
770 FORI=1TO10:GETA$:NEXT
780 GETA$:IFA$<>" "THEN780
790 RUN
800 REM SHOVE I
810 IFDX=0THENPOKESC,31:POKES2,200:POKEV
, 10 : FORW=1TO100 :NEXT: POKESC, 27 :.POKES
2,0:RETURN
820 IFSH=0THENPOKESC,28:POKES2,255:POKEV
,10:FORW=1TO100:NEXT:POKESC,27:POKES
2,0:RETURN
830 CP=TX+Q*PY:LC=64:B$=""
840 FORI=PXTO-21*(DX>0)STEPDX
850 SV%(I)=PEEK(CP+I):POKECP+I,LC:LC=131
-LC:POKES1,LC:POKEV,(IAND15)
49
Action
Games
860 IFSV%(I)=EC%(O)ORSV%(I)=EC%(1)ORSV%(
I)=EC%(2)THENGOSUB920
870 NEXTI:POKES1,0:POKEV,0
880 FORI=PXTO-21*(DX>0)STEPDX
890 POKECP+I,SV%(I):NEXT:SH=SH-1
900 PRINTCHR$(156);LEFT?(CD$, 23) ;TAB(10)
"SHOVES ="SH;
910 RETURN
920 FORJ=OTO2:IFSV%(I)<>EC%(J)THENNEXT:S
TOP
930 SV%(I)=EP%(J):POKECO+CP+I-TX,PC%(J)
940 EX%(J)=INT(20*RND(O)+1):EY%(J)=3
950 DX%(J)=-1:IFRND(O)>.5THENDX%(J)=1
960 DY%(J)=O:EP%(J)=46
970 PTS=PTS+50:FORJ=0TO15:POKES3,128+J:P
OKEV,15-J:NEXT:POKES3,0:POKEV,0
980 PRINTCHR?(159)LEFT?(CD$,21)"
{6 SPACES}SCORE:"PTS;
990 RETURN
50
Action
Games
Ronny Ong
'Marble Hunt" for the unexpanded VIC, is a maze game without a

maze.
"Marble Hunt" is a unique kind of maze game. It has no

maze! Without guiding corridors, the player must exercise joy
stick control while keeping up with the fast pace of the game.
When the program is run for the first time, there is a
short pause as a few custom characters are being defined.
Then a title page is presented with mood-setting "music." Be
ready, because although the program won't start you (the
marble hunter) near the neighborhood bully, the bully will
know your location before you know his.
Below the playfield is the status line showing the board
number and score. At each corner are vitamins. The white
dots littering the rest of the screen are the marbles. The object
of the game is for the marble hunter (in yellow) to gather up
all the marbles.
The neighborhood bully is in red. Regardless of his loca
tion, he is forever trying to pounce on the hunter and steal
his marbles. This hyperactivity often causes the bully to miss
the marble hunter even when he manages to close in.
Scoring Points
Each marble (white dot) collected gives the hunter one point.
If the bully catches him, the marble hunter loses 75 points or
more depending on the skill level reached. The game is over
when the hunter loses more points than he has accumulated.
Eating a vitamin gives the marble hunter two points plus
the ability to scare off the bully — who turns white with fear.
The vitamin's effects soon wear off, especially at higher skill
levels. A warning appears on the status line and a sound tells
you the bully's courage is returning. Catching the bully while
he is frightened is worth ten points, and picking up all the
marbles is worth five. The board number eventually rolls over,
easing the game difficulty should you get so far.
51
Action
Games
The bully tries to pounce on the marble hunter and steal his
marbles.
The RUN/STOP key is disabled. At the end of a game,

pressing N enables RUN/STOP, disables the custom character
set, and exits the program. Pressing Y or the fire button on
the joystick restarts the program.
Game of Strategy
Marble Hunt is a game of strategy as well as hand/eye coordi
nation. There is a full wraparound if you try to go past an
edge of the playfield. Since the bully will usually be thrown
to the opposite side, an edge row or column is the safest
place to be. Right after the bully is transported away from the
hunter is the best time to rack up points with the marbles
near the edges. Plentiful points, along with careful use of
vitamins, will help in the risky process of clearing the mar
bles in the center of the screen.
There are many other keys to good play that are left for
you to figure out.
Program 3-2. Marble Hunt

1 IFPEEK(36869)O255THEN250/
4 PRINT"{CLR}{8 DOWN}{5 RIGHT}{YELjMARBL
E HUNTI":TI$=II00000011
6 Z=0:POKE36879,47:C=Z:I=RND(-Tl)
52
Action
Games 3
N(G)=INT(RND(1)*G)+1:POKE36878,8:GOSUB
500
7 DEFMJH(G)=((PEEK(37151)AND16)=0)-((PE
EK(37152)AND128)=0):POKE37154,127:POKE
36879,9
^lMWt3
|^3) (PEEK (3 7151) AND4) =0) - ((PEE
K(37151)AND8)=0)
10 F=0:P=F:PRINT"{CLR}{GRN}*{WHT}.
. {GRN}* {WHT} " ; :FORI=FTO43
9:PRINT".";
11 NEXT:PRINT"{GRN}*{WHT}
{GRN}*";
12 C=C+1+9*(C=9):PRINT"{HOME}{22 DOWN}
{7 RIGHT}#"C;
15 A=FNRN(21):B=FNRN(21)
20 X=FNRN(21):Y=FNRN(21):IFSQR((A-X)*(A-
X)+(B-Y)*(B-Y))<9THEN20
25 T=7680+B*22+A:IFPEEK(T)=42THENP=1N»RN(
30)+30-C*3:Z=Z+2:POKE36875,150
26 IFPEEK(T)=46THENF=F+1:POKE36875,228
27 IFF<>480THEN30
28 Z=Z+5+F:PRINT"{CLR}{8 DOWN} BOARD CLE
ARED IN "LEFT$(TI$,2):POKE36875/0
29 PRINT"{RIGHT}HOURS, "MID$(TI§,3,2)" M
INUTES.":GOSUB500:GOTO10
30 POKET,27:POKET+30720,7:L=7680+Y*22+X:
M=PEEK(L):MX=PEEK(L+30720)
40 POKEL,29:POKEL+30720,2+(P>0)
50 B=B-^^^}0) :A=A+FNiM(0) :POKE36875,0
70 PRInV'tTHOME}{22 DOWN} {12 RIGHT}PTS"Z+
F"{LEFT} ";
80 POKET,28:IFA>21THENA=0
85 IFA<0THENA=21
90 IFB>2^THENB=0
95 IFB<0THENB=2^
110 X=X+SGN (A-X) * ABS (t=s0) +FNRN (3 ) - 2: Y=Y+
SGN (B-Y) *ABS (P=0) +FNRN:( 3)-2:IFX>21TH
ENX=0
113 IFX<0THENX=21 •:
115 IFY>21THENY=0
116 IFY<0THENY=21
120 POKEL,M:POKEL+30720,MX
53
3 Action
Games
123 IFP=0THEN130/
125 P=P-1:IPP<9THENPRINT"{HOME}{22 DOWN}
ALERT 1";:POKE36876,188-P
127 IFP=0THENPRINT"{HOME}{22 DOWN}
{6 SPACES}";:POKE36876,0
130 POKET,32:POKET+30720,0:IFX<>AORYOBT
HEN25
135 POKE36877,220:FORI=1TO3:FORII=25TO30
:POKE36865,II:NEXT
136 FORII=30TO25STEP-1:POKE36865,II:NEXT
:NEXT:POKE36877,0
140 IFPTHENZ=Z+10:GOTO20;
145 Z=Z-60-C*15:IFZ+F>0THEN15
146 PRINT"{HOME}{22 DOWNjGAME OVER-PLAY
AGAIN?";:POKE198,0
147. GETG$:IF(PEEK(37151 )AND32)=0ORG$="Y"
THENRUN
148 IFG$<>"N"THEN147f
150 FORI=ZTO1200:NEXT:POKE37154,255:POKE
36879,27
155 POKE56,PEEK(56)+2:POKE36869,240:CLR:
PRINT"{CLR}{BLU}";:POKE808,112:END
160 DATA 56,56,18,124,144,18,158,240,56,
56,144,124,18,144,242,30
170 DATA 56,84,254,214,170,124,40,238
210) FORJ=I*8TOI*8+7:READK:POKEJ+CS,K:NEX
T:RETURN
250 X=PEEK(56)-2:POKE52,X:POKE56,X:POKE5
1,PEEK(55):CLR:PRINT"{CLR}ONE MOMENT
II
• • •
255 CS=256*PEEK(52)+PEEK(51)
260 FORI=CSTOCS+511:POKEI,PEEK(l+32768-C
S) :NEXT:FORI=27TO29:GOSUB210}:NEXT
270 POKE36869,255:RUN
500 ?FORI=1TO125:POKE36876,INT(RND(1)*128
)+128:FORII=0TO9:NEXT:NEXT:POKE36876
,0:RETURN
54
Action
Games
Aaron Bobick
This game demonstrates how redefining characters can add to the

graphic display of a game.
"Balloons" is a game for children and adults. The object of

the game is to break each balloon before it hits the ground.
The balloons with the big smiles on their faces are worth
50 points each; the other two sizes are worth 35 and 25
points. Your pin launcher is located along the bottom of the
screen. You can move your pin to the right or left by pressing
the "A" and "D" keys. When you think you are in a position
to pop a balloon, press Fl. The game ends if a balloon hits
the ground. But don't play it too safe. You get points only for
balloons you pop in the bottom half of the screen.
In "Balloons" you try to pop all the balloons before they hit
the bottom of the screen.
Program 3-3. Balloons

100 POKE 52,28:POKE 56,28:CLR
110 INPUT"{CLR}{DOWN}{9 RIGHT}2{HOME}SKI
LL1,2,3{DOWN}{10 LEFT}1.EASY.";RR:PO
KE36877,0
55
3 Action
Games
120 IFRR=1THENLL=499:PP=0
150 PRINT"{CLR}{4 RIGHT}GET";LL+1;"POINT
S"
160 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{7 RIGHT}TO WIN
170 PRINT"{5 SPACES}{2 DOWN}{RIGHT}{RVS}
BALLOONS
190 FORX=7423TO7432:POKEX,0:NEXT
200 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{RIGHT}USE 'A' AND 'D'
TO GO{DOWN}{RIGHT}RIGHT AND LEFT.
210 PRINT"{DOWN}{3 RIGHT}USE {RVS}F7
{OFF} TO FIRE
220 DIMT(10):T(0)=50:T(2)=35:T(4)=25
230 DIMA(22),P(22),S(22):FORI=1TO21:A(I)
=7702+I:P(l)=INT(RND(l)*3) *2
240 S(I)=T(P(I)):NEXT
250 C=13
260 CS=7168
270 REMORI=CSTOCS+511:POKEI,PEEK(1+32768
-CS):NEXT
280 FORI=0TO8*C-1:READJ:POKECS+I,J:NEXT
290 DATA126,255,219,255,129,195,255,126
300 DATA24,24,24,60,102,126,255,255
310 DATA126,106,255,255,231,126,126,126
320 DATA16,24,8,24,16,24,8,24
330 DATA0,60,126,86,126,100,60,0
340 DATA24,16,24,8,24,16,24,8
350 DATA146,36,146,73,36,146,73,146
360 DATA136,132,80,10,164,2,20,65
370 DATA0,66,8,0,0,145,4,32
380 DATA0,4,0,1,68,16,4,145
390 DATA0,0,128,16,128,16,145,34,0,0,0,1
28,193,243,255,255,60,126,231,254,25
2,255,254,60
400 PRINT"{RVS}{DOWN}{6 RIGHT}HIT SPACE"
410 IFPEEK(203)<>32THEN410
420 POKE36869,255:PRINT"{CLR}{RVS}{WHT}
{10 DOWN}iW3{20 RIGHT}
430 POKE36879,110
440 FORI=7392TO7402:POKEI,129:NEXT:AC=128
56
Action
Games
450 E=8174:POKE8185,28:POKE8185-21,28
460 L=0:G=PEEK(203):IFG=17THENL=-1
470 IPG=18THENL=1
480 POKE36878,0
490 IFG=63THENGOTO600
500 IFXOLLTHEN640
510 POKEE,32:E=E+L:IFPEEK(E)=2 8THENE=E-L
520 IFPEEK(E)<>32THEN730
530 POKEE,1
540 REM
550 FORCC=1TOPP
560 ZC=INT(RND(1)*20+1):POKEA(ZC),32:A(Z
C)=A(ZC)+22:IFA(ZC)>8185THEN730
570 POKEA(ZC)/P(ZC)
580 POKEE,1:
590 NEXTCC:GOTO460
600 S=3:D=E-8164:POKEE,1:FORI=E-22TOA(D)
STEP-22:S=S+2+(S=5)*2:POKEI,S:POKE36
876,S*20+128
610 POKE36876,0:POKE36878,15:NEXT:POKEA(
D),32:FORI=A(D)TOESTEP22
620 POKEI,32:NEXT:XC=XC+S(D)+S(D)*(A(D)<
7 900):PRINT"{HOME}{RVS}{WHT}SCORE="X
C:A(D)=7702+D:GOTO550
630 NEXTCC
640 POKE36878,15:FORI=1TO20;POKE36876,12
8+1*6:FORJ=A(I)TO8163STEP22:POKEJ,P(
I):GOSUB670
650 POKEJ,32:NEXT:GOSUB680:POKEJ,11:NEXT
:PRINT"{HOME}{RVS}YOU WIN 111111111"
660 GOTO690
670 FORX=1TO15:NEXT:RETURN
680 POKE36878,15:FORX=128TO255STEP5:POKE
36876,X:NEXT:POKE36878,0:RETURN
690 FORX=1TO500:NEXT:POKEE,1
700 FORX=1TO7:POKEE,1:POKE36878,15:FORO=
1TO100:NEXTO:POKE36876,200
710 POKEE,32:FORR=1TO100:NEXTR:POKEE,32:
POKE36878,0:NEXTX
720 GOTO820
730 POKE36878,15:REM LSE
740 POKE36874,15:FORKT=1TO4:FORQ=255TO15
57
3 Action
Games
STEP-3:POKE36876,Q:NEXT:POKE36876,0:
NEXT
750 POKEE-22,6:POKEE-1,6:POKEE+1,6:P0KE3
6878,5
760 POKE36877,129
770 FORX=1TO300:NEXT
780 POKE36878,9:POKEE-2,7:POKEE+2,7:POKE
E-23,7:POKEE-21,7:FORX=1TO300:NEXT:P
OKEE,230
790 POKE36878,12
800 POKEE-24,8:POKEE-45,9:POKEE-44,9:FOR
X=1TO200:NEXT:POKE36878,14
810 POKEE-43,9:POKEE-20,10:POKE36878,15:
FORX=1TO1999:NEXT:POKE36878,0
820 POKE198/0:POKE36869,240:PRINT"{CLR}
{7 DOWN}{4 RIGHT}PLAY AGAIN
{2 SPACES}£B%{3 LEFT}";
830 INPUTA$:IF LEFT?(A$,1)="Y"THEN CLR:GO
TO 110
840 POKE36879,27:PRINT"{CLR}"
850 PRINT"{BLU}{HOME}{11 DOWN}{2 RIGHTjT
HANKS FOR PLAYING":END
58
— ERRATA SHEET —
COMPUTERS Firet Book of VIC Games
Richthofen's Revenge
Corrections: page 60
Por disk users — switch steps 6 and 7 of instruction 3a

For cassette users - replace steps on pages 60-61 with'the
following:
Follow steps 1-7 of instruction 3b as printed in the book.

Then follow the instructions listed here:
8. LOAD & RUN LANDSCAPE DATA
9. LOAD & RUN CHARACTERS
10. Type: POKE55,0:POKE56,17:NEW
11. LOAD DATA CLOADER
12. Remove your program tape.
13. Insert & rewind your DATA TAPE
14. RUN DATA CLOADER
15. Type NEW. Enter 100 POKE657,128:SYS 5541
16. Type POKE55,0:POKE56,32:POKE43,1:POKE44,16-
POKE 45,0:POKE46,30: SAVE"REVENGE!"
17. Reset the computer.
Action
Games
Marc Sugiyama
Todd Koumrian
Chris Metcalf
"Richthofen's Revenge" is an all machine language game which will

fit into the unexpanded VIC-20 and can be typed into the computer
through BASIC It's best to read through all the directions just
before typing in this program.
At last, an all machine language game that you can type into
your VIC-20 home computer. The program requires a joystick,
but no memory expanders. You do need either a cassette or
disk drive. If you are using a cassette drive, have two blank
cassettes handy. Disk drive owners, you will need at least 82
blocks free on your game disk.
TnG Proflrsms
"Richthofen's Revenge" is divided into several loader pro
grams. These are "MEMDAIA $1100" through "MEMDAIA
$1900," "DATA LOADER/CLOADER," "LANDSCAPE DAIA,"
and "CHARACTERS." The MEMDAIA programs create data
files on disk or tape depending on line 40 of each program.
If you are using a cassette, change line 40 in each of the
MEMDAIA programs from OPENl,8,2,"@0:name,S,W" to
OPENl,l,l,"name". Use the remark in line 40 of MEMDAIA
$1100 as a guide to changing the other MEMDAIA programs.
Be sure to use the proper name in each program.
If you study the MEMDAIA programs, you may notice
that there are 17 numbers in each line of DAIA. The first 16
are the data which represent Richthofen's Revenge. The last
number is a checksum, in this case the sum of the previous
16 numbers. By including this feature, the computer can de
termine which DATA lines contain mistyped numbers.
DATA LOADER/CLOADER reads the data disk or cassette
and stores the information in RAM. Use DAIA LOADER if
59
Action
Games
you have a disk drive, and DATA CLOADER if you have a

cassette.
CHARACTERS contains the data necessary to create the
user-defined character set. The remarks in the DAIA will tell
you what the characters are being used for in this program.
LANDSCAPE DAIA stores the data which represents the
landscape. Both of these programs store their data directly in
to RAM. No checksum is provided for these programs, so
take care that all of the numbers are typed correctly.
Typing the Programs

Now that you know what all of the programs are for, it is
time to enter them into the computer. The proper sequence
for creating a playable copy of Richthofen's Revenge is as
follows:
1. Remove all RAM expansion before beginning.
2. Enter and SAÊ all of the loader programs in the follow
ing order (this is very important if you are using a cassette):
Program 3-4. MEMDAIA $1100
Program 3-9. LANDSCAPE DATA
Program 3-10. CHARACTERS
Program 3-11. DAIA LOADER (Disk Users Only)
Program 3-12. DATA CLOADER (Cassette Users Only)
3a. If you are using a disk:
1. LOAD and RUN all MEMDATAs.
3. LOAD and RUN LANDSCAPE DATA.
4. LOAD and RUN CHARACTERS.
5. Enter POKE55,0:POKE56,17:NEW.
6. Enter NEW. Enter 100 POKE657,128: SYS5541.
7. LOAD and RUN DAIA LOADER.
8. Enter POKE55,0: POKE56,32: POKE43,1: POKE44,16:
POKE45,0: POKE46,30: SAVE"0:REVENGE!",8.
3b. If you are using a cassette:
1. Have your second blank cassette handy.
2. LOAD MEMDATA $1100, but do not rewind the tape.
60
Action
Games
3. Insert your blank tape (which is now the DAIA TAPE).

4. RUN MEMDAIA $1100.
5. Remove the DATA TAPE and reinsert the program tape.
6. LOAD and RUN the other MEMDAIA programs, fol
lowing steps 2 to 5.
8. Follow steps 3 to 6 from 3a.
9. LOAD DATA CLOADER. Remove program tape.
10. Insert DATA TAPE and rewind. RUN DATA
CLOADER.
11. Enter POKE55,0: POKE56,32: POKE43,1: POKE44,17:
POKE45,0: POKE46,30: SAVE"REVENGE!".
4. To play Richthofen's Revenge, LOAD and RUN
"REVENGE!".
Playing Richthofen's Revenge

If all goes well, when you LOAD and RUN Richthofen's
Revenge, you should hear the first few measures of "Over
There" followed by the message PRESS FIRE! Whenever you
see this message, the computer is waiting for you to press the
fire button of your joystick. Nothing will happen until you
press the fire button. Once you press it, you will see a little
iiiiîli
"Revenge, " a machine language game for the VIC.
61
Action
Games
black airplane in the center of the screen. This is you.

Around you are white and red airplanes, and blue balloons.
These are the enemy. Your mission is to shoot them down
while avoiding collision with them.
But wait, where are you? The time is circa World War I.
You are somewhere in Europe flying a sophisticated airplane
with "hovering" abilities (you do not have constant horizontal
motion). As you fly to the left you will see a small mountain,
and then you will stop moving. Beyond the mountain is the
ocean. If you were to fly out over the ocean, you would get
lost and perish. Flying to the right also leads to a dead end
— it is enemy territory, where you simply wouldn't survive.
As you play, you will notice that the enemy does not
shoot at you. The reason is simple; the airplanes flying out to
the ocean are saving their ammunition for their attack on an
island nation somewhere out to the left. As they return home
to their land, they have no ammunition left to fire at you.
Balloons, for surveillance, have no weapons and are at your
mercy.
You gain 75 points for every enemy airplane you destroy,

and 50 points for every balloon. The enemy comes in waves.
See the table on page 74 for the number of enemy aircraft in
each level. For every wave you eliminate, you gain another
airplane (the number of airplanes you have in reserve is
shown in the lower right-hand corner of the screen). There is
an upper limit of 64 enemy craft.
When a wave is eliminated, the computer plays a short
victory song, and it goes on to the next level. Finally, when
all of your airplanes are destroyed, the computer will play
taps and then return to the power-up screen. The computer
maintains the high score until it is turned off or the program
resets.
So far, our high score is 11,450.
program 3-4. memdata $1100

5 REM MEMDATA $1100
10 LN=100
20 FORI=0TO511STEP16:C=0:FORJ=ITOI+15:RE
ADD:C=C+D:NEXT:READC1
30 IFC1<>CTHENPRINT"ERROR IN LINE:"LN:GO
TO35
62
Action
Games
31 PRINT"{UP}"LN
35 LN=LN+10:NEXT
39 PRINT"{DOWN}CREATING DATA FILE"
40 OPEN1,8,2,"@0:DATA $1100,S,W":REM FOR
CASS OPEN1,1,1,"DATA $1100"
41 RESTORE:FORI=0TO511STEP16:FORJ=ITOI+1
5:READD:PRINT#1,CHR$(D);:NEXT
42 READD:NEXT:CLOSE1:END
100 DATA 16,207,16,175,48,195,16,0,16,20
7,16,175,48,195,16,0,1346
110 DATA 16,207,16,175,16,195,16,0,16,20
7,16,175,16,195,16,0,1282
120 DATA 16,207,16,175,48,195,48,0,0,36,
215,12,219,12,215,12,1426
130 DATA 209,12,207,12,209,24,215,48,231
,24,228,48,225,48,219,36,1995
140 DATA 215,0,48,195,48,209,32,195,16,2
09,48,219,32,195,16,209,1886
150 DATA 48,219,32,195,16,209,48,219,32,
195,16,209,48,219,32,209,1946
160 DATA 16,219,48,225,32,219,16,209,48,
195,48,195,48,209,48,0,1775
170 DATA 0,169,30,133,2,169,0,192,0,240,
11,24,105,22,144,3,1244
180 DATA 230,2,24,136,208,246,133,1,164,
0,96,72,56,165,140,101,1774
190 DATA 143,101,144,133,139,138,72,162,
4,181,139,149,140,202,16,249,2112
200 DATA 165,139,41,15,133,139,104,170,1
04,96,169,0,141,19,145,141,1721
210 DATA 34,145,173,32,145,41,128,133,0,
173,17,145,41,60,5,0,1272
220 DATA 160,128,140,19,145,160,255,140,
34,145,96,165,1,133,57,165,1943
230 DATA 2,24,105,120,133,58,96,162,0,18
9,0,30,201,8,208,7,1343
240 DATA 169,0,157,0,30,240,11,201,6,240
,4,201,7,208,3,254,1731
250 DATA 0,30,189,0,31,201,8,208,7,169,0
,157,0,31,240,11,1282
260 DATA 201,6,240,4,201,7,208,3,254,0,3
1,232,208,203,96,188,2082
63
Action
Games
270 DATA 128,26,169,117,192,3,208,2,169,

80,248,162,2,24,117,61,1708
280 DATA 149,61,169,0,202,16,247,216,160
,3,162,0,181,61,32,134,1793
290 DATA 18,232,224,3,208,246,96,160,12,
162,0,181,64,32,134,18,1790
300 DATA 232,224,3,208,246,96,165,14,160
,20,32,134,18,96,160,0,1808
310 DATA 169,15,141,14,144,88,169,0,133,
162,177,1,240,30,170,200,1853
320 DATA 177,1,200,141,11,144,228,162,20
8,252,132,57,32,170,17,164,2096
330 DATA 57,41,32,208,225,32,170,17,41,3
2,240,249,169,0,141,11,1665
340 DATA 144,141,14,144,120,96,72,74,74,
74,74,24,105,48,153,228,1585
350 DATA 31,200,104,41,15,24,105,48,153,
228,31,200,96,32,110,19,1437
360 DATA 169,100,133,251,32,253,18,165,251,
201,127,208,247,96,169,30,2450
370 DATA 133,2,169,0,133,1,224,240,240,6
,32,46,19,76,195,18,1534
380 DATA 32,78,19,165,1,24,105,22,133,1,
144,234,224,240,240,45,1707
390 DATA 162,1,164,251,185,0,27,133,0,16
9,31,133,2,169,206,133,1766
400 DATA 1,32,46,19,228,0,208,6,169,1,16
0,1,145,1,165,1,1183
410 DATA 56,233,22,133,1,232,224,11,208,
231,198,251,96,162,1,165,2224
program 3-5. memdata $1300

5 REM MEMDATA $1300
10 LN=100
20 FORI=0TO511STEP16:C=0:PORJ=ITOI+15:RE
30 IFClOCTHENPRINT"ERROR IN LINE:"LN:GO
TO35
31 PRINT"{UP}"LN
35 LN=LN+10:NEXT
64
Action
Games
40 OPEN1,8,2,"@0:DATA $1300,S,W"
41 RESTORE:PORI=0TO511STEP16:FORJ=ITOI+1
5:READD:PRINT*1,CHR$(D);:NEXT
100 DATA 251,24,105,21,168,185,0,27,133,
0,169,31,133,2,169,206,1624
110 DATA 133,1,32,78,19,228,0,208,6,169,
1,160,20,145,1,165,1366
120 DATA 1,56,233,22,133,1,232,224,11,20
8,231,230,251,96,160,19,2108
130 DATA 32,203,17,177,1,72,177,57,200,1
45,57,104,145,1,136,136,1660
140 DATA 192,0,208,239,200,169,0,145,1,1
69,4,145,57,96,160,2,1787
150 DATA 32,203,17,177,1,72,177,57,136,1
45,57,104,145,1,200,200,1724
160 DATA 192,21,208,239,136,169,0,145,1,
169,4,145,57,96,160,0,1742
170 DATA 152,153,0,30,153,0,31,200,208,2
47,169,4,153,0,150,153,1803
180 DATA 0,151,200,208,247,160,22,169,6,
153,228,151,136,16,250,96,2193
190 DATA 162,0,32,139,17,165,139,240,5,1
89,128,26,208,10,160,30,1650
200 DATA 72,104,136,208,251,76,105,20,18
9,0,26,133,253,189,64,26,1852
210 DATA 133,254,189,128,26,201,3,208,20
,32,139,17,164,139,192,8,1853
220 DATA 176,22,32,139,17,164,139,192,8,
176,11,144,4,201,1,208,1634
230 DATA 5,230,253,76,216,19,198,253,32,
139,17,165,139,201,8,176,2127
240 DATA 28,32,139,17,165,139,201,8,176,
11,165,254,201,1,240,13,1790
250 DATA 198,254,76,253,19,165,254,201,2
0,176,2,230,254,189,0,26,2317
260 DATA 56,229,251,240,38,201,21,176,34
,133,0,188,64,26,32,113,1802
270 DATA 17,189,192,26,208,10,177,1,201,
1,240,15,169,0,240,2,1688
280 DATA 169,1,145,1,32,203,17,169,4,145
,57,165,253,56,229,251,1897
65
Action
' Games
290 DATA 240,40,201,21,176,36,133,0,164,

254,32,113,17,177,1,201,1806
300 DATA 1,240,2,169,0,157,192,26,189,12
8,26,72,24,105,20,145,1496
310 DATA 1,32,203,17,104,145,57,76,95,20
,169,0,157,192,26,165,1459
320 DATA 253,157,0,26,165,254,157,64,26,
232,224,64,240,3,76,146,2087
330 DATA 19,96,165,251,24,101,20,133,0,1
62,0,189,128,26,240,42,1596
340 DATA 189,64,26,197,252,208,35,189,0,
26,197,0,208,28,138,72,1829
350 DATA 32,15,18,104,170,164,252,32,113
,17,169,6,164,20,145,1,1422
360 DATA 32,203,17,169,0,145,57,157,128,
26,232,224,64,208,204,96,1962
370 DATA 162,63,169,0,157,128,26,202,16,
250,165,15,201,41,208,4,1807
380 DATA 169,40,133,15,168,185,124,21,13
3,17,162,0,32,4,21,169,1393
390 DATA 1,157,128,26,232,228,17,208,243
,185,84,21,24,101,17,133,1805
400 DATA 17,32,4,21,169,2,157,128,26,232
,228,17,208,243,185,44,1713
410 DATA 21,24,101,17,133,17,32,4,21,169
,3,157,128,26,232,228,1313
Program 3-6. memdata $1500

5 REM MEMDATA $1500
10 LN=100
30 IFCK>CTHENPRINT"ERROR IN LINE:"LN:GO
TO35
31 PRINT"{UP}"LN
35 LN=LN+10:NEXT
40 OPEN1,8,2,"@0:DATA $1500,S,W"
66
Action
Games
100 DATA 17,208,243,96,32,139,17,165,139

,10,10,10,10,133,0,32,1261
110 DATA 139,17,165,139,5,0,165,0,157,0,
26,32,139,17,165,139,1305
120 DATA 240,249,41,7,157,64,26,169,0,15
7,192,26,96,4,8,10,1446
130 DATA 12,12,12,8,12,12,12,8,12,12,8,1
2,12,8,16,16,184
140 DATA 20,18,14,20,20,16,14,20,20,14,2
0,20,16,20,16,16,284
150 DATA 24,22,30,17,17,3,4,6,10,6,2,8,8
,10,6,16,189
160 DATA 10,6,14,12,18,18,12,8,10,8,14,1
2,14,16,14,16,202
170 DATA 8,24,18,22,20,20,22,18,20,26,17
,30,17,3,4,4,273
180 DATA 2,6,10,8,8,6,10,4,10,14,10,12,6
,10,12,16,144
190 DATA 10,8,16,12,14,16,20,16,24,14,18
,14,20,20,22,26,270
200 DATA 20,16,17,17,30,120,169,\141,141,
15,144,169,255,141,5,144,154\
210 DATA 32,157,18,169,0,160,5,15k,61,0,
136,16,250,160,9,32,1358 \ \
220 DATA 113,17,32,203,17,160,6,162,24,1
38,232,145,1,169,6,145,1570
230 DATA 57,200,192,16,208,243,169,1,133
,15,32,108,25,169,0,133,1701 \
240 DATA 1,169,17,133,2,32,78,18,169,4,1
33,14,169,0,133,61,1133
250 DATA 133,62,133,63,32,176,20,32,157,
18,32,108,25,169,7,141,1308
260 DATA 14,144,160,10,32,113,17,32,203,
17,169,2,160,10,145,1,1229
270 DATA 169,0,145,57,169,240,133,10,160
,33,185,242,24,153,228,31,1979
280 DATA 136,16,247,32,40,18,32,55,18,32
,70,18,169,0,133,19,1035
290 DATA 133,13,169,10,133,252,160,2,32,
113,17,32,203,17,162,34,1482
300 DATA 160,8,138,232,145,1,169,6,145,5
7,200,192,13,208,243,32,1949
67
3 Action
Games
310 DATA 170,17,41,32,208,249,160,2,32,1

13,17,32,203,17,160,8,1461
320 DATA 169,0,145,1,169,4,145,57,200,19
2,13,208,243,169,0,133,1848
330 DATA 16,165,13,41,64,240,12,169,191,
37,13,133,13,32,215,17,1371
340 DATA 76,137,22,169,64,5,13,133,13,32
,8,25,32,33,25,162,949
350 DATA 255,165,252,133,9,32,170,17,74,
74,74,176,8,164,252,192,2047
360 DATA 1,240,2,198,9,74,176,8,164,252,
192,20,240,2,230,9,1817
370 DATA 74,176,6,164,251,240,2,162,15,7
4,8,74,74,176,8,164,1668
380 DATA 251,192,233,240,2,162,240,164,2
52,196,9,208,4,224,255,240,2872
390 DATA 65,32,113,17,160,10,165,19,145,
1,32,203,17,160,10,169,1318
400 DATA 4,145,57,164,9,132,252,224,255,
240,5,134,10,32,174,18,1855
410 DATA 164,252,32,113,17,160,10,177,1,
201,20,176,43,133,19,169,1687
Program 3-7. memdata $1700

5 REM MEMDATA $1700
10 LN=100
30 IFC1OCTHENPRINT"ERROR IN LINE: "LN:G0
TO35
31 PRINT"{UP}"LN
35 LN=LN+10:NEXT
40 OPEN1,8,2,"@0:DATA $1700,S,W"
100 DATA 4,166,10,224,15,240,2,169,2,145
,1,32,203,17,169,0,1399
110 DATA 145,57,32,144,19,32,33,25,164,2
52,32,113,17,160,10,177,1412
68
Action
Games 3
120 DATA 1,201,20,176,3,76,9,24,104,32,1

08,25,169,160,141,13,1262
130 DATA 144,169,15,141,14,144,160,7,165
,252,24,121,127,25,153,68,1729
140 DATA 3,169,10,24,121,119,25,153,60,3
,136,16,235,164,252,32,1522
150 DATA 113,17,169,6,160,10,145,1,32,20
3,17,169,0,145,57,162,1406
160 DATA 15,134,16,169,42,141,15,144,32,
215,17,162,7,188,68,3,1368
170 DATA 32,113,17,188,60,3,169,0,145,1,
189,60,3,240,45,201,1466
180 DATA 21,240,41,24,125,119,25,157,60,
3,189,68,3,240,29,201,1545
190 DATA 21,240,25,24,125,127,25,157,68,
3,168,32,113,17,188,60,1393
200 DATA 3,169,63,145,1,32,203,17,169,0,
145,57,202,16,190,32,1444
210 DATA 135,25,169,141,141,15,144,32,13
5,25,32,135,25,166,16,142,1478
220 DATA 14,144,202,16,156,248,165,14,56
,233,1,133,14,216,48,6,1666
230 DATA 32,70,18,76,247,21,169,66,133,1
,169,17,133,2,32,108,1294
240 DATA 25,32,78,18,248,162,0,181,61,56
,245,64,48,7,208,9,1442
250 DATA 232,224,3,208,242,216,76,189,21
,162,2,181,61,149,64,202,2232
260 DATA 16,249,216,32,55,18,76,189,21,4
0,144,3,76,109,22,164,1430
270 DATA 16,240,3,76,113,22,169,160,141,
13,144,160,1,132,16,164,1570
280 DATA 252,32,113,17,32,203,17,165,10,
201,240,240,43,160,9,132,1866
290 DATA 20,177,1,153,60,3,240,16,201,1,
240,12,32,114,20,169,1459
300 DATA 46,5,13,133,13,76,130,24,169,10
,145,1,169,0,145,57,1136
310 DATA 136,16,220,198,20,76,130,24,160
,11,132,20,177,1,153,60,1534
320 DATA 3,240,16,201,1,240,12,32,114,20
,169,46,5,13,133,13,1258
69
. Action
1 Games
330 DATA 76,130,24,169,10,145,1,169,0,14

5,57,200,192,22,208,218,1766
340 DATA 230,20,160,15,173,4,144,208,251
,136,208,248,164,252,32,113,2358
350 DATA 17,32,203,17,165,10,201,240,240
,22,160,9,196,20,240,36,1808
360 DATA 185,60,3,145,1,169,4,145,57,136
,196,20,208,242,240,20,1831
370 DATA 160,11,196,20,240,14,185,60,3,1
45,1,169,4,145,57,200,1610
380 DATA 196,20,208,242,169,0,141,13,144
,162,63,189,128,26,208,31,1940
390 DATA 202,16,248,248,169,1,24,101,14,
133,14,216,230,15,169,41,1841
400 DATA 133,1,169,17,133,2,32,108,25,32
,78,18,76,244,21,76,1165
410 DATA 113,22,11,12,13,48,48,48,48,48,
48,0,14,15,48,48,584
Program 3-a memdata $1900

5 REM MEMDATA $1900
10 LN=100
20 FORI=0TO159STEP16:C=0:F0RJ=IT0I+15:RE
30 IFC1OCTHENPRINT"ERROR IN LINE:"LN:G0
TO35
31 PRINT"{UP}"LN
35 LN=LN+10:NEXT
40 OPEN1,8,2,"@0:DATA $1900,S,W"
100 DATA 48,48,48,48,0,2,48,48,160,0,132
,0,32,113,17,169,913
110 DATA 0,160,0,145,1,160,21,145,1,164,
0,200,192,22,208,234,1653
120 DATA 96,165,13,41,32,208,36,165,13,4
1,128,240,15,169,127,37,1526
130 DATA 13,133,13,169,150,141,11,144,14
1,12,144,96,169,128,5,13,1482
70
Action
Games
140 DATA 133,13,169,0,141,11,144,141,12,

144,96,198,13,169,150,141,1675
150 DATA 13,144,165,13,41,15,141,14,144,
208,16,169,223,37,13,133,1489
160 DATA 13,169,0,141,13,144,169,7,141,1
4,144,96,169,0,160,3,1383
170 DATA 153,10,144,136,16,250,96,0,255,
1,0,1,255,255,1,1,1574
180 DATA 1,1,255,255,255,0,0,160,0,72,10
4,72,104,136,208,249,1872
190 DATA 96,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,96
Program 3-9. LANDSCAPE DATA

100 POKE55,0:POKE56,27:CLR:D=6912:READA
101 IFA>9THENA=9
120 A=A+1:READB:FORI=1TOB:POKED,A:D=D+1:
NEXT:READA:IFA>-1THEN101
130 DATA1,1,2,9,3,2,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,
9,1,10,4,9,1,8,1,7,1,6,1
140 DATA5,11,4,1,3,7,4,9,5,1,6,1,7,4,8,2
,9,5,10,6,9,2,8,2,7,8
150 DATA6,3,5,6,6,4,5,6,6,3,7,1,8,3,7,4,
6,5,5,5,4,19,5,6,6,20
160 DATA7,1,8,1,9,1,10,6,9,1,8,10,7,6,6,
2,5,4,4,2,3,3,2,5,1,8,2,20,1,16,-1
Program 3-10. characters

10 REM CHARACTERS2
15 FORI=7168TO7679:POKEI,0:NEXT
20 AD=7168
25 READA:IFA=-1THEN35
30 POKEAD,A:AD=AD+1:GOTO25
35 AD=7168+48*8
40 READA:IFA=-1THEN50
4 5 POKEAD,A:AD=AD+1:GOTO40
50 AD=7168+24*8
55 READA:IFA=-1THENFORI=0TO7:READA:POKE7
672+1,255-A:NEXT:END
60 POKEAD,A:AD=AD+1:GOTO55
71
Action
1 Games
65 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0:REM SPACE
70 DATA0,254,254,254,254,254,254,254:REM
BLOCK
75 DATA0,192,168,189,199,101,56,0:REM 'U
S' RIGHT
80 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0:REM UNUSED
85 DATA0,3,21,189,227,166,28,0:REM 'US'L
EFT
90 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0:REM UNUSED
95 DATA0,0,24,60,60,24,0,0:REM EXP
100 DATA0,24,0,66,66,0,24,0
105 DATA60,0,129,129,129,129,0,60
110 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
115 DATA0,0,0,90,0,0,0,0 :REM SHOT
120 DATA0,238,170,136,232,40,170,238:REM
"SCORE:"
125 DATA0,238,170,170,170,172,170,234
130 DATA0,224,128,132,192,132,128,224
135 DATA0,171,170,170,234,170,170,171:RE
M "HIGH:"
140 DATA0,168,170,40,56,170,168,168
145 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
150 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
155 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
160 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
165 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
170 DATA192,160,190,131,186,126,20,0
175 DATA3,5,125,193,93,126,40,0
180 DATA60,66,129,129,66,60,36,24
185 DATA-1
190 DATA0,60,126,102,102,102,126,60:REM
START OF NUMBERS
195 DATA0,28,60,124,28,28, 28,28
200 DATA0,60,126,110,14,60,112,126
205 DATA0,60,126,70,28,70,126,60
210 DATA0,14,30,54,126,126,6,6
215 DATA0,126,126,96,124,126,14,124
220 DATA0,28,62,96,124,98,126,60
225 DATA0,126,126,6,12,24,48,48
230 DATA0,60,126,102,60,102,126,60
235 DATA0,60,126,102,62,28,56,112
240 DATA-1
72
Action
Games
245 DATA235,170,170,170,202,170,170,171
:REM RICHTHOFEN'S REVENGE
250 DATA171,169,41,41,57,41,169,169
255 DATA171,42,42,42,58,42,42,43
260 DATA187,162,162,162,179,162,162,163
265 DATA169,41,42,56,56,56,40,168
270 DATA112,80,64,64,112,16,80,112
275 DATA238,168,168,168,204,168,168,174
280 DATA174,168,168,168,172,168,168,78
285 DATA174,170,168,232,234,234,170,174
290 DATA236,140,140,140,204,128,140,236
295 DATA0,238,170,170,170,236,138,138:RE
M PRESS FIRE
300 DATA0,238,136,136,206,130,130,238
305 DATA0,224,128,128,224,32,32,224
310 DATA0,235,138,138,202,139,138,138
315 DATA0,186,162,162,178,32,162,186
320 DATA-1
325 DATA40,84,66,146,64,170,84,0:REM EXP
LOSION
program 3-11. data loader (Disk users Only)

20 A=4352:FORI=1TO4:READA$:OPEN1,8,2,"0:
DATA $"+A$+"00,S,R":FORJ=0TO511
30 GET*1,B$:POKEA,ASC(B$+CHR$(0)):A=A+1:
NEXT:CLOSE1:NEXT
40 DATA11,13,15,17
50 OPEN1,8,2,"0:DATA $1900,S,R":FORJ=0TO
159:GET#1,B$:POKEA,ASC(B$+CHR$(0))
60 A=A+1:NEXT:CLOSE1
Program 3-12. data cloader (Cassette users only)

20 A=4352:FORI=1TO4:READA$:OPEN1,1,0,"DA
TA $"+A$+"00":FORJ=0TO511
30 GET*1,B$:POKEA,ASC(B$+CHR$(0)):A=A+1:
NEXT:CLOSE1:NEXT
40 DATA11,13,15,17
50 OPEN1,1,0,"DATA $1900":FORJ=0TO159:GE
T#1,B$:POKEA,ASC(B$+CHR$(0))
60 A=A+1:NEXT:CLOSE1
73
Action
Games
Number of Enemy Aircraft at Each Skill Level of

"Ricntnloteirs kevenge
Enemy Aircraft
Accum.
Level Right Left Balloon Total Score
1 4 4 4 12 650
2 4 4 8 16 1650
3 4 6 10 20 2900
4 2 10 12 24 4400
5 6 6 12 24 5900
6 10 2 12 24 7400
7 8 8 8 24 9000
8 8 8 12 28 10800
9 6 10 12 28 12600
10 10 6 12 28 14400
11 4 16 8 28 16300
12 10 10 12 32 18400
13 14 6 12 32 20500
14 10 14 8 32 22700
15 12 12 12 36 25100
16 6 18 12 36 27500
17 10 18 8 36 30000
18 12 12 16 40 32600
19 16 8 16 40 35200
20 10 10 20 40 37700
21 8 18 18 44 39800
22 16 14 14 44 42750
23 12 12 20 44 45550
24 14 14 20 48 48650
25 16 16 16 48 51850
26 20 14 14 48 55100
27 16 16 20 52 58500
28 24 8 20 52 61900
29 14 24 14 52 65450
30 18 18 20 56 69150
31 14 22 20 56 72850
32 20 20 16 56 76650
33 20 20 20 60 80650
34 22 22 16 60 84750
35 26 18 16 60 88850
36 20 20 24 64 93050
37 16 26 22 64 97300
38 17 17 30 64 101350
39 17 30 17 64 105725
40 30 17 17 64 110100
74
Action
Games
Clark and Kathryn H. Kidd
You need to capture flies, but where are you? Press the joystick but
ton to find out. But don't become visible too often or you'll lose all
your energy and will have to wait for another day to be seen again.
Life in the Desert

You are a desert chameleon. Your life consists of one thing:
survival. The desert is cruel, and there isn't much food for
chameleons. They eat flies all day long to stay alive.
Desert life is hard for other animals. Birds need to eat,
too. They eat chameleons. To survive, you must eat all the
flies you can. At the same time, you must avoid the birds
that would get you. You must also stay away from thorny cac
tuses, whose needles are dangerous to chameleons.
As a chameleon, you have an advantage over the other
animals in the desert. You can see the flies buzzing over the
desert sands, but you are invisible to birds, since a
chameleon's colors blend in with the desert.
How to Play
As the day begins, the desert stretches before you. Cactuses
grow here and there as far as the eye can see. Birds occasion
ally appear in the sky, looking for chameleons.
As a chameleon, you are invisible. To find out where you
are, press the fire button on the joystick. You will remain vis
ible as long as the fire button is pressed, but you cannot
move while you are visible.
Becoming visible takes quite a bit of energy. You have the
strength to become visible only a set number of times each
day, so don't do it too often. If you exceed the number of
times you can become visible in a day, you have to play invis
ibly until a new day begins and a new screen appears.
Use the joystick to move around the desert. You must eat
all the flies you see, avoiding the thorny cactuses and the
predatory birds. You receive points for each fly you catch, and
lose points for each cactus you hit. If you encounter a bird,
75
Action
1 Games
mammmmmmmm
You will have to avoid the birds and cactuses, which

becomes difficult when you are invisible.
you disappear, and points are deducted from your score.

A game consists of three chameleons. If one chameleon is
captured by a bird or if the chameleon eats all the flies in the
desert, a new day begins and another screen will appear.
Successive screens contain more birds and more flies, and the
number of times the chameleon can become visible is
reduced.
There are thousands of possible desert scenes in
"Chameleon," so there is no limit to the score you can
achieve. There will be flies for chameleons to eat as long as
there are chameleons to eat them.
Program 3-13: Chameleon

50 POKE36879,29
60 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}{4 SPACES}* CHAMELEO
N{2 SPACES}*"
70 GOSUB6000
80 T=PEEK(56)-2:POKE52,T:POKE56,T
100 M=7680:O=30720
120 READX:IFX<0THEN160
130 X=(X*8)+7168:FORY=0TO7
140 READZ:POKEX+Y,Z:NEXTY
150 GOTO120
76
Action
Games
160 FORX=0TO79
170 POKE(7248+X)/255-PEEK(33152+X):NEXTX
200 GETX$:IFX$=""THEN200
210 PRINT"{CLR}{3 DOWN}{2 RIGHTjENTER PL
AY OPTION:11: PRINT" {3 DOWN} {2 SPACES}
{RVS}l{OFF} KEYBOARD{2 DOWN}11
220 PRINTSPC(5)"W{DOWN}"
230 PRINT"{3 SPACESjA + S{2 SPACES}V=VIS
IBLEtDOWN}"
240 PRINTSPC(5)"Z"
250 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{2 SPACES}{RVS}2{OFF}
JOYSTICK/FIRE"
270 0%=VAL(X$):IFO%<1ORO%>2THEN260
300 GOSUB4000
305 C=3:L=0:S=0
310 L=L+1:GOSUB1000
400 ONO%GOTO410,430
410 IFPEEK(197)<>27THEN500
420 GOTO440
430 IF(PEEK(37137)AND32)THEN500
440 V=V-1:IFV<1THENX=3:Y=240:Z=10:GOSUB8
00:GOTO500
450 POKEM+O+A,4:FORZ=1TO20:NEXTZ:GOTO400
500 POKEM+O+A,1:J=INT(A/22):K=A-(J*22)
510 ONO%GOTO520,570
520 X=PEEK(197):IFX=33THENJ=J+1
530 IFX=17THENK=K-1
540 IFX=9THENJ=J-1
550 IFX=41THENK=K+1
560 GOTO620
570 POKE37154/127:X=PEEK(37152):POKE3715
4,255:Y=PEEK(37137)
580 IF(XAND128)=0THENK=K+1
590 IF(YAND16)=0THENK=K-1
600 IF(YAND4)=0THENJ=J-1
610 IF(YAND8)=0THENJ=J+1
615 IFJ<0THENJ=0
617 IFJ>22THENJ=22
620 IFK<0THENK=0
625 IFK>21THENK=21
630 B=(J*22)+K:IFA=BTHEN700
77
Action
Games
640 X=PEEK(M+B):ONXGOTO3100,3200,3300,31
00,3100
650 IFXO32THEN700
660 POKEM+A,32:POKEM+O+A,1:POKEM+B,4:POK
EM+O+B,1:A=B
700 H=H+1:IFI>HTHEN400
710 X=INT(RND(1)*506):Y=PEEK(M+X):IFY<>3
2THEN400
720 POKEM+X,3:POKEM+O+X,6:H=0:GOTO400
800 POKE36878,15:POKE36873+X,Y:FORW=1TOZ
:NEXTW
810 POKE36878,0;POKE36873+X,0:RETURN
900 POKE36869,240:POKE198,0:PRINT"{CLR}
{DOWN}{6 SPACES}{RVS}GAME OVER1{OFF}
II
910 IFS<0THENS=0
920 PRINT"{2 DOWN}SCORE =";S
930 PRINT"{2 DOWNJREPLAY OPTION:":PRINT"
{2 DOWN} {RVSjltOFF} REPLAY/SAME LEV
EL":PRINT"{DOWN} {RVS}2{OFF} REPLAY/
NEW LEVEL"
940 PRINT"{DOWN} {RVS}3{OFF} END GAME
{2 DOWN}":PRINT"ENTER OPTION"
960 X=VAL(X$):IFX<1ORX>3THEN960
970 ONXGOTO305,300
980 POKE52,T+2:POKE56,T+2:END
1000 POKE36869,255:PRINT"{CLR}"
1010 POKEM+10,C+10:POKEM+O+10,0
1020 F=(L*5)+(D*5):IFF>100THENF=100
1030 FORZ=1TOF:GOSUB2000:POKEM+X,2:POKEM
+O+X,0:NEXTZ
1040 FORZ=1TO15
1045 GOSUB2000:IF(X-22)<0ORPEEK(M+X-22)<
>32THEN1045
1047 POKEM+X,5:POKEM+X-22,1:POKEM+O+X,5:
POKEM+O+X-22,5:NEXTZ
1050 GOSUB2000:A=X:POKEM+X,4:POKEM+O+X,1
1060 I=D*3
1070 FORZ=1TOI:GOSUB2000:POKEM+X,3:POKEM
+O+X,6:NEXTZ
1080 H=0:V=150-(L*10)-(D*10):IFV<10THENV
=10
78
Action
Games
1090 I=20-(L*2)-(D*2):IFK3THENI=3
1100 RETURN
2000 X=INT(RND(1)*506)
2010 Y=PEEK(M+X)
2030 IFYO32THEN2000
2040 RETURN
3100 POKEM+0+A,4:X=1:Y=200:Z=300:GOSUB80
0:POKEM+0+A,1:S=S-5:GOTO700
3200 X=4:Y=220:Z=10:GOSUB800:S=S+1:F=F-1
:IFF=0THEN310
3210 POKEM+A,32:POKEM+O+A,1:POKEM+B,4:PO
KEM+O+B,1:A=B:GOTO700
3300 POKEM+O+A,4:X=l:Y=150:Z=600:GOSUB80
0:C=C-1:IFC=0THEN900
3310 POKEM+O+A,1:POKEM+10,C+10:GOTO310
4000 PRINT"{CLR}{3 DOWN}{2 RIGHT}ENTER S
KILL LEVEL:11:PRINT" {3 DOWN}
{2 SPACES}{RVS}1{OFF} BEGINNER
{3 DOWN}":PRINT"{4 SPACES}TO
{3 DOWN}"
4010 PRINT"{2 SPACES}{RVS}9{OFF} ADVANCE
D"
4030 D=VAL(X$):IFD<1ORD>9THEN4020
4040 RETURN
6000 PRINT"{3 DOWN}EAT ALL THE FLIES BUT
AVOID THE BIRDS AND{3 SPACES}THE C
ACTUS."
6010 PRINT"{DOWN}+l FOR EACH FLY
{5 SPACES}{RIGHT} -5 FOR EACH CACTU
S{5 SPACES}3 CHAMELEONS PER GAME";
6020 PRINT"{DOWN}THE FIRE/V KEY MAKES
{2 SPACES}THE CHAMELEON VISIBLE.";
6030 PRINT"{3 DOWN}{3 SPACES}(PRESS ANY
KEY)":RETURN
10000 DATA32,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
10010 DATA1,0,26,90,94,120,24,24,24
10020 DATA2,0,24,24,60,90,90,90,36
10030 DATA3,0,3,68,40,32,0,0,0
10040 DATA4,24,26,60,88,26,60,88,0
10050 DATA5,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,0,-1
79
3 Action
Games
T.L. Wahl
'Air Defense" is a challenging game for the Unexpanded VIC. For

those with an 8K expander, a version has been upgraded to include
a city skyline.
Your mission is to defend your city. A war has started, and

the leaders of the nation have given you the responsibility of
preventing the destruction of your city.
The enemy is dropping bombs. You can never tell just
where the bombs will fall. You must line up the cross hairs of
your gunsight and fire when the cross hairs and the bomb
are aligned. You get only one shot.
If you decide to accept this mission, you must remember
to press the S on your control panel (the keyboard) to move
up, press X to move down, < cursor down> to move left,
and < cursor right> to move right. Your firing button is the
space bar.
You get only one shot at each bomb, and timing is criti
cal. After 20 bombs have appeared, the attack (and game) is
over, at which time you will be told how well you have done
defending your city.
increasing Difficulty
One of the unique features of this game is the increasing dif
ficulty factor: as the player improves his skill, the cross hairs
are gradually moved toward the top of the screen, and
quicker reflexes and improved technique are required to
destroy the falling bombs. As a reward for increasing skill, the
player earns higher point value for successive hits. In addi
tion, the player receives a higher score the sooner the falling
bomb is destroyed.
Typing in the 8K Expander version

For those with an 8K expander, there is included a much en
hanced version of 'Air Defense" written by Richard Ruef. The
8K version includes the skyline of the city you are defending.
It is important to follow these instructions before running the
80
Action
Games 3
program. First type in the unexpanded version (Program 3-14)

with the additions and changes listed in Program 3-15. Once
you have the program typed in, SAÊ it. Do not try to RUN
it first or you will lose your program. Once the program is
SAVEd to disk or tape, type these lines in immediate mode.
POKE 648,30:SYS58648 <RETURN>
POKE 642,32:SYS58232 <RETURN>
Now you should reLOAD your program and RUN. You
will have to use these two lines each time you wish to LOAD
and RUN the 8K version of Air Defense.
"Air Defense!1 for the unexpanded VIC. The 8K expander ver

sion includes a skyline.
Program 3-14: Air Defense for the unexpanded

VIC
100 X=RND(0)
110 A=8152:B=38872:P=0:M=0:T=0:Q=0
120 PRINT"{CLR}{7 DOWN} {5 SPACESjAIR" DEF
ENSE"
130 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{5 SPACES}DO YOU NEED"
140 PRINT"{DOWN}{4 SPACES}INSTRUCTIONS?"
150 PRINT"{DOWN}{3 SPACES}TYPE 'Y1 OR 'N
160 FOR H=1TO1000:GETD$
81
. Action
' Games
170 IF D$="N" THEN 380

180 IF D$="Y" THEN 220
190 NEXT
200 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}YOU DID NOT PRESS '
Y' OR 'N'."
210 FOR K=1TO5000:NEXT:GOTO120
220 PRINT"{CLR}{2 SPACES}YOU MUST STOP T
HE"
230 PRINT"{2 SPACES}FALLING BOMB BY"
240 PRINT"{3 SPACES}EXPLODING IT IN"
250 PRINT"{5 SPACES}MID-AIR."
260 PRINT"{DOWN} MOVE THE CROSSHAIR"
270 PRINT"{DOWN}*{RVS}LEFT{OFF}:CURSOR U
/D KEY"
280 PRINT"{DOWN}*{RVS}RIGHT{OFF}:CURSOR
L/R KEY"
290 PRINT"{DOWN}*{RVS}UP{OFF}:WITH THE '
S1 KEY"
300 PRINT"{DOWN}*{RVS}DOWN{OFF}:WITH THE
•X1 KEY"
310 PRINT"WHEN THE BOMB AND THE"
320 PRINT"CROSSHAIR ARE LINED UP, FIRE B
Y PRESSING THE SPACE";
330 PRINT" BAR."
340 PRINT"{DOWN}PRESS ANY KEY TO START"
350 GET D$:IF D$="" THEN 350
360 PRINT"{CLR}{10 DOWN}{6 SPACES}GOOD L
UCK1"
370 FOR I=1TO2500 :NEXT
380 IFT=20 THEN 860
390 PRINT"{CLR}":D=INT(RND(1)*10)
400 T=T+1
410 E=D+7685
420 F=D+38405
430 PRINTP*Q*10
440 FOR 1=1 TO 200:NEXTI
450 POKE A,91:POKE B,0
460 GET A$
470 IFA$="S"THENA=A-22:B=B-22
480 IF A$="X"THEN B=B+22:A=A+22
490 IF A$="{RIGHT}"THEN A=A+1:B=B+1
500 IF A$="{DOWN}"THEN A=A-1:B=B-1
82
Action
Games
510 IF A<7680 THEN A=A+22:B=B+22

520 IF A>8163 THEN A=A-22:B=B-22
530 POKE E,42:POKE F,0
540 FOR 1=1 TO 50:NEXT
550 IF E>8163 THEN GOTO 760
560 IF A=ETHEN 580
570 E=E+22:F=F+22:PRINT"{CLR}":GOTO450
580 GET B$
590 IFB$=" "THEN 620
600 GOTO 570
610 REM BOMB IS DESTROYED
620 X=100:FORI=1TO10:POKEE,X
630 POKE F,0
640 POKEE+21,X
650 POKEF+21,0
660 POKEE+24,X
670 POKEF+24,0
680 X=X+1
690 NEXT
700 NO=210:S1=-3:DU=60:GOSUB 960
710 P=P+1
720 Q=Q+22-INT((A-7680)/22)
730 A=A-22:B=B-22
740 GOTO380
750 REM BOMB GETS YOU1
760 POKE E,32:FOR I=1TO5
770 POKEE-1,188
780 POKEF-1,0
790 POKEE+1,190
800 POKEF+1,0
810 FOR S=l TO 50:NEXT
820 NEXT
830 M=M+1
840 NO=135:S1=-2:DU=100:GOSUB 960
850 GOTO380
860 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}{6 SPACES}GAME OVER
II
870 PRINT"{3 DOWN}DESTROYED"P

880 PRINT"{2 DOWN}MISSED"M
890 PRINT"{2 DOWN}TOTAL POINTS"P*Q*10
900 FOR 1=1 TO 30:GET D$:NEXT I
910 PRINT"{4 DOWN}PRESS {RVS}P{OFF} TO P
LAY AGAIN"
83
Action
Games
920 GET D$:IP D$="" THEN 920

930 IF D$="P" THEN 110
940 END
950 REM EXPLOSIONS
960 POKE 36877,NO
970 FOR 1=15 TO 1 STEP SI
980 POKE 36878,1
990 FOR DELAY=1TODU:NEXTDELAY:NEXTI
1000 POKE 36877,0:POKE 36878,0
1010 RETURN
Program 3-15: Air Defense for a vie with an 8K

Expander
Additions and modifications to Program 3-14. Be sure to read the di
rections for using this version before you try to RUN the game.
20 6OTO100
40 L=30720:POKE650,128
50 FORW=8032TO8142STEP22:POKEW,162:POKEW
+L,0:NEXT
+L,0:NEXT
+L,0:NEXT
57 FORW=8164TO8178:POKEW,232:POKEW+L,5:N
EXT
+L,0:NEXT
+L,0:NEXT
+L,0:NEXT
+L,2:NEXT
62 FORW=8030TO8114STEP21:POKEW,78:POKEW+
L,2:NEXT
L,2:NEXT
L,2:NEXT
84
Action
Games 3
L,2:NEXT
L,2:NEXT
L,2:NEXT
68 PORW=8135TO8141:POKEW,152:POKEW+L,2:N
EXT
69 FORW=8179TO8185:POKEW,102:POKEW+L,5:N
EXT
70 POKE8160/98:POKE8160+L,0
+L,0:NEXT:POKE8046,223:POKE8046+L,0
72 POKE8045, 233:POKE8045+L,0:FORW=8067TO
8155STEP22:POKEW,220:POKEW+L,0:NEXT
73 POKE8023,103:POKE8023+L,0
75 POKE8145,111:POKE8145+L,0:POKE8147,24
2:POKE8147+L,0:POKE8148,242:POKE8148+
L,0
76 POKE8150,114:POKE8150+L,0:FORW=8107TO
8151STEP22:POKEW,162:POKEW+L,0:NEXT
79 POKE8085,233:POKE8085+L,0:POKE8087,22
3:POKE8087+L,0
80 POKE7984,81:POKE7984+L,7
81 POKE7988,100:POKE7988+L,6:POKE7989,11
1:POKE7989+L,6
82 POKE7990,121:POKE7990+L,6:POKE7991,11
1:POKE7991+L,6:POKE7992,100:POKE7992+
L,6
83 POKE7944,98:POKE7944+L,6:POKE7945,121
:POKE7945+L,6:POKE7946,111:POKE7946+L
,6
84 POKE7947,100:POKE7947+L,6:RETURN
425 GOSUB40
440 FOR 1=1 TO 200:NEXT
445 G=A:H=B:Z=PEEK(A):J=PEEK(B)
530 POKEE,81:POKEF,0:IFE-22>=7680THENPOK
EE-22,32
560 IFA=EANDPEEK(197)=32THEN620
85
Action
Games
565 IFA=GTHENE=E+22:F=F+22:GOTO460
566 POKEG,Z:POKEH,J
570 E=E+22:F=F+22:PRINT"{HOME}":GOTO445
600 REM DELETE THIS LINE
760 POKEE,81:POKEE+L,2:FORI=1TO7
765 POKE36879,127
770 POKEE-1,120
780 POKEF-1,2
790 POKEE+1,120
800 POKEF+1,2
801 POKEE-(22*1),102:POKEE-(22*1)+L,2
810 FORS=1TO10:NEXTS,I
811 Y=2:K=15:GOSUB821:Y=7:GOSUB821:Y=1:K
=47:GOSUB821:Y=7:K=15:GOSUB821
812 Y=l:K=47:GOSUB821:Y-0:K=15;GOSUB821
813 FORI=1TO7:POKEE-(22*1),32:NEXT
814 FORI=1TO1000:NEXT:GOTO830
820 REM DELETE THIS LINE
821 FORI=1TO3:POKE(E-132)+I,160:POKE(E-1
32)+I+L,Y
822 POKE(E-132)-I,160:POKE(E-132)-I+L,Y:
NEXT
824 FORI=1TO3:POKE(E-l54)+1,160:POKE(E-l
54)+I+L#Y
825 POKE(E-154)-I,160:POKE(E-154)-I+L,Y:
NEXT
826 POKE36879,K:RETURN
1010 POKE36879,27:RETURN
86
Brain
Testers 4
Andy Hayes
Try this game to prove that math practice can be entertaining.

"MathMan" uses animation to help teach children their multiplica
tion facts.
Here's a program which proves that computer-aided math

practice need not be boring. In the guise of a game,
"MathMan" teaches multiplication facts by presenting random
problems. The player (or student) types in the answer and
presses RETURN. If he is correct, his friends gathered below
cheer, but if the player fails to guess correctly, one of his
friends will run away in shame. If all six friends flee, the
game is over.
A good player can advance to the next level by successful
ly completing ten problems. The problems get successively
more difficult, so this single program will provide a challenge
for almost any elementary school child.
Multiplication practice is actually fun with "MathMan."
89
Brain
Testers
Program 4-1. MathMan

0 A=6
1 LV=1
2 POKE198,0
10 PRINT"{CLR}{WHT}"
20 POKE36879,110
30 CS$="{HOME}{21 DOWN}"
200 PRINTLEFT$(CS$,16)"{RVS}{2 SPACES}
{OFF} N"
{OFF}"
{OFF}"
{OFF}"
{OFF}"
{OFF}"
270 IFA=6THENPRINT"{HOME}{17 DOWN}
{7 RIGHT}UIUIUIUIUIUI"
271 IFA=6THENPRINT"j 7 RIGHT}JKJKJKJKJKJK
II
272 IFA=6THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}POPQPOPOPOPQ

ii
273 IFA=6THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}NMNMNMNMNMNM

II

{7 RIGHT}{2 SPACES}UIUIUIUIUI"
275 IFA=5THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}t2 SPACES}JK
JKJKJKJK"
276 IFA=5THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}{2 SPACES}PO
POPOPOPO"
277 IFA=5THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}{2 SPACES}NM
NMNMNMNM"
{7 RIGHT}{4 SPACES}UIUIUIUI"
279 IFA=4THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}14 SPACES}JK
JKJKJK"
POPOPO"
90
Brain
Testers 4
NMNMNM"
282 IPA=3THENPRINT"{HOME}{17 DOWN}
{7 RIGHT}{6 SPACES}UIUIUI"
283 IFA=3THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT]16 SPACES}JK
JKJK"
POPO"
NMNM"
{7 RIGHT}{8 SPACES}UIUI"
287 IFA=2THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}{8 SPACESjJK
JK"
288 IFA=2THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}{8 SPACESjPO
PO"
NM"
{7 RIGHT}{10 SPACES}UI"
291 IFA=1THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}{10 SPACES}J
K"
292 IFA=1THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}{10 SPACESjP
0"
293 IFA=1THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}{10 SPACES}N
M"
{7 RIGHT}{12 SPACES}"
295 IFA=0THENPRINT"{7 RIGHT}{12 SPACES}"
:GOTO3000
299 PRINT"{HOME}LEV.{RVS}"LV
322 IFO=10THENLV=LV+1:GOTO2000
350 LETS=LV*2
355 0=0+1
360 B=INT(RND(1)*S)+1
370 C=INT(RND(1)*9)+1
375 PRINTLEFT$(CS$/23)"{RVS}{PUR}SCORE-"
SC"{WHT}"
380 PRINTLEFT$(CS$,5)"{9 RIGHT}"B"{LEFT}
{2 SPACES}"
91
4 Brain
Testers
390 IFB<10THENPRINTLEFT$(CS$,7)"
{8 RIGHT}X"C"{LEFT}{2 SPACES}":G0T04
00
393 IFB<100THENPRINTLEFT$(CS$,7)"
{8 RIGHTjX "C"{LEFT}{2 SPACES}":GOTO
400
396 IFB<1000THENPRINTLEFT?(CS$,7 ) "
{8 RIGHT}X{2 SPACES}"C"{LEFT}
{2 SPACES}":GOTO400
400 PRINTLEFT$(CS$,8)"{8 RIGHT}
******•■
410 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{7 RIGHT}

{9 SPACES}"
415 INPUT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{8 RIGHT}";AS
430 IFAS=B*CTHEN700
440 IFAS<>B*CTHEN1000
700 SC=SC+5*LV
711 PRINTLEFT$(CS$,16)"{7 RIGHT}{RVS}THA
NK YOU 111{OFF}"
715 X=X+1
720 POKE36878,15
730 E=INT(RND(1)*30)+210
740 POKE36875,E
742 FORT=1TO100:NEXT:POKE36878,0
744 IFX=10THENX=0:GOTO760
750 GOTO715
760 FORT=1TO500:NEXT
{8 SPACES}"
772 PRINTLEFT$(CS$,10)"{20 SPACES}"
{14 SPACES}"
776 IFO=10THEN790
780 F=0:GOTO355
790 LV=LV+1:GOTO2000
1000 Q=7992
1005 POKEQ,32:Q=Q-21:POKEQ,78
1010 IFQ=7866THEN1030
1020 GOTO1005
1030 POKEQ,160:POKEQ+1,160:POKEQ-1,160:P
OKEQ+22,160:POKEQ-22,160
1040 POKE36877,220
1041 Z=15
92
Brain
Testers 4
1042 Z=Z-1
1044 POKE36875,0:POKE36878,Z
1046 FORM=1TO100;NEXT
1048 IFZ=0THENZ=15:GOTO1060
1050 GOTO1042
1060 POKE36877,0:POKE36878,0:POKEQ+22,32
: POKEQ-22,64: POKEQ, 32: POKEQ-1, 32 : PO
KEQ+1,32
1070 Q=7992
1075 POKEQ,32:Q=Q-21:POKEQ,78
1080 IFQ=7866THEN1200
1085 GOTO1075
1199 END
1200 Y=Y+1
1205 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{9 RIGHT}{RVS}"
B*C"{LEFT}{RVS} "
1220 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{9 RIGHT}{6 SPACES}"
1235 IFY=8THENY=0:GOTO1300
1240 GOTO1200
1400 A=A-1
1430 IFO=10THEN2000
1500 POKEW,32:GOTO10
2001 PRINT"{CLR}{HOME}{6 DOWN} YOU MADE
IT THROUGH"
2005 PRINT"{5 SPACES}LEVEL"LV-1
2010 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{2 SPACES}YOU NOW ADV
ANCE TO"
2015 PRINT"{5 SPACES}LEVEL"LV:0=1:FORT=1
TO4000:NEXT:GOTO10
3010 PRINT"{CLR}{HOME}{4 DOWNjSORRY BUT
YOU LOST ALL";
3020 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{7 SPACESjYOUR MEN"
3030 PRINT"{4 DOWN}{4 SPACES}{RVS}YOUR S
CORE WAS{OFF}"
3040 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{7 SPACES}"SC
93
4 Brain
Testers
■in
Mark and Dan Powell
Haw good is your memory? This memory game is easy at first and
becomes progressively more difficult.
"Copy Cat" is an entertaining, musical, and colorful "match

me" game. The object of this game is to duplicate the random
pattern presented by the computer. Each time you correctly
copy the pattern, you acquire a point.
In line 5 there is a REM in front of the POKEs. These
POKEs disable the STOP key. Do not take off the REM until
you've finished typing in the program (or don't put it in at
all).
Note also that line 2020 reads IF PEEK (653) > 3THEN
END. What this does is test for the VIC's CTRL key. To test
for the SHIFT key, IF PEEK(653) =1THEN END, and to test for
the Commodore key, it should read IF PEEK(653) =2THEN
END. For combinations of these keys, just add them together
(the value for CTRL is 4).
It takes only one mistake to end the game with "Copy Cat."
94
Brain
Testers 4
Program 4-2. Copy Cat

5 REM:POKE809,242:POKE808,199
10 POKE 36879,27
20 PRINT"{CLR}{4 DOWN}{BLK}{6 SPACESjCOPY
CAT":PRINT"{2 DOWN} PRESS 1-4 TO COP
Y THE"
30 PRINT"{6 SPACES}COMPUTER":PRINT"
{2 DOWN} YOU CAN ONLY MISS":PRINT" TH
REE TIMES A GAME"
32 PRINT"{3 DOWN}{BLU}PRESS 'SPACE' TO ST
ART"
35 GETA$:IFA$<>" "THEN35
40 POKE36879,8:C=38400:SC=256*PEEK(648):I
FSC=4096THENC=37888
41 DIML%(100)
50 PRINT"{CLR}{6 DOWN}lWHT}{3 SPACESjl
{4 SPACES}2{4 SPACES}3{4 SPACES}4
{3 SPACES}{DOWN}{2 SPACES}{RVS}
{4 SPACES}{OFF} {RVS}{4 SPACES}{OFF}
{RVS}{4 SPACES}{OFF} {RVS}{4 SPACES}
{OFF}"
55 FORT=1TO2
60 PRINT"{WHT}{2 SPACES}{RVS} {OFF}
{2 SPACES}{RVS} {OFF} {RVS} {OFF}
{2 SPACES}{2 RVS} {OFF}"
70 NEXTT
80 PRINT"{2 SPACES}{RVS}{4 SPACES}{OFF}
{RVS}{4 SPACES}{OFF} {RVS}{4 SPACES}
{OFF} {RVS}{4 SPACES}{OFF}"
82 PRINT"{HOME}{15 DOWN}"SPC(10)"000"
85 FORLA=0TO3
87 LC(LA)=INT(RND(1)*4)+2:IFLC(LA)=3THENL
C(LA)=6
90 FORLB=1TO4:CN=LC(LA):IFLC(LA)=LC(LB)AN
DLBOLATHEN87
95 NEXT:POKEC+201+5*LA/CN:POKEC+202+5*LA,
CN:POKEC+223+5*LA,CN:POKEC+224+5*LA,C
N:NEXT
99 FORT=1TO300:NEXT
95
4 Brain
Testers
100 LF=LF+1:IFLF=100THEN2000
110 L%(LF)=INT(RND(1)*4)
120 FORLL=1TOLF:S=L%(LL):Q=160:GOSUB1000
130 FORT=1TO300:NEXT:Q=32:GOSUB1000:P0KE3
6878,0:FORT=1TO200:NEXT:NEXT
135 FORLG=1TOLF:TA=TI
140 GETA$:A=VAL(A$)-1:IFTI-TA>200THENS=L%
(LG):GOTO160
150 S=A:IFA=-1ORA>3THEN140
152 LF$=STR$(LF)
160 Q=160:GOSUB1000:FORT=1TO200:NEXT:Q=32
:GOSUB1000:POKE36878,0
162 IFA=L%(LG)THENFORT=1TO50:NEXT:NEXT
165 IFLG=LF+1THENPRINT"{HOME}{15 DOWN}
{WHT}"TAB(14-LEN(LF$))RIGHT$(LF$,LEN
(LF$)-1):GOTO99
170 PRINT"{HOME}{2 DOWN}"TAB(9)"{YEL}MISS
":POKE36878,15:POKE36875,128:R=R+1:F
ORT=1TO400:GETA$:NEXT
175 IFR=3THENFORT=1TO100:NEXT:GOTO2000
180 FORT=1TO600:NEXT:PRINT"{HOME}{2 DOWN}
{13 SPACES}":POKE36878,0:FORT=1TO500
: NEXT
190 GOTO120
1000 POKESC+201+5*S,Q:POKESC+202+5*S,Q:PO
KESC+223+5*S,Q:POKESC+224+5*S,Q
1010 POKE36878,15:POKE36875,7*S+217:RETUR
N
2000 PRINT"{HOME}{16 DOWN}{WHT}{5 SPACES}
*GAME OVER*":PRINT"{DOWN}{4 SPACES}
TO PLAY AGAIN":POKE36878#0
2005 PRINT"{5 SPACES}PRESS SPACE":PRINT1
{2 DOWN} PRESS 'CTRL' TO STOP1
2010 GETA$:IFA$=" "THENRUN40
2020 IFPEEK(653)>3THENEND
2030 GOTO2010
96
Brain
Testers 4
Tim Parker
This strategy game will run on the VIC with any memory
configuration.
The object of "Outpost" is to survive. You are placed in an

immovable outpost, armed with torpedoes, main and secon
dary energy armaments, and a targeting computer. Your op
ponents come in three sizes, labelled SML (small), MDM
(medium) and HVY (heavy). Their objective is to overrun
you, or destroy you by knocking out your armaments, com
puter, or energy supply.
When RUN, the screen gives you quite a lot of information.
Your status is displayed to the right center, where values for
ENGY (energy), COMP (computer), MAIN (main armament),
SECN (secondary armaments), TORP (torpedoes), and VP
(victory points) are displayed. Energy is rated from 0 to 99. If
the energy drops to zero, you lose the game. Computer effi
ciency and both main and secondary armaments are rated as
a percentage of capability. Ninety-nine is maximum.
If the computer falls to zero, you have lost all defensive
capabilities, and lose the game. If either or both armaments
fall to zero, they cannot be fired until recharged by a supply
ship. Five torpedoes are supplied at the beginning of the
game. A maximum of nine can be stored in the outpost at
any time. Victory points is your score. For each light enemy
ship destroyed, one victory point is awarded; similarly, two
for medium, and three for heavy ships.
The top of the screen shows the enemy. Up to four are
active at a time. Each enemy ship is referenced by a number
on the "radar screen" at center left. The index above gives the
DIST (distance), PROB (hit probability), and ENGY (energy)
of the enemy. The hit probability is a function of both enemy
distance and your computer efficiency. If enemy energy falls
to zero the enemy is destroyed, and victory points are awarded.
Playing Outpost
When playing, the computer will give you a "Weapon"
prompt. This requires an input of T(orpedo), M(ain), or
97
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3 Testers
S(econdary) for the different weapons. C can be entered to re

charge your batteries, increasing the energy of the outpost to
a maximum of 99. If a weapon is being fired, the prompt
"TARGET NO" appears, requiring a value of one to four, de
pending on the enemy number.
After your turn, the computer will move some of the
enemy ships, and some will fire at you. They have a hit prob
ability that is a function of their energy. Damage to energy,
computer, or armaments may result.
Occasionally, a supply ship wanders onto the screen. This
is shown by a white "S." If it reaches you successfully, it re
charges energy, main and secondary armaments to full power,
and adds up to five torpedoes. Since a maximum of nine can
be held at one time, any extras are lost. Note that the supply
ship does not recharge your computer. The supply ships can
be destroyed if an enemy lands on top of them.
As might be expected, a hit on an enemy ship will

decrease its energy. The amount of damage done is propor
tional to the type of enemy ship; the heavy ships are harder
to destroy than mediums and lights. The type of weapon
fired also affects damage. On an efficiency scale, torpedoes,
main and secondary armaments are approximately 9:6:4 in
damage ratios. A few trial games quickly give a feel for this.
98
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Testers 4
High scores are not always easy to get. If a score of twen

ty is achieved, you are very good. Forty is excellent. Sixty is
almost impossible, unless you're extremely lucky.
Strategy
The light ships are the most easily destroyed, but they do the
least damage to you. If a heavy ship appears, try to get it
fast. If an enemy gets within two moves of you, hit it hard. If
it lands on you, you are destroyed. Also, protect your supply
ships. They are needed and they are easily destroyed by the
enemy.
As the computer efficiency rating drops, the hit probabil

ity also drops. With low computer values, you'll find that you
have to wait for the enemy to get close before making shots.
Torpedoes shouldn't be wasted, especially on low probability
shots. If you get a few enemy ships on the screen at once,
pick them off one at a time if possible to try to avoid concen
trated fire. If you have four heavy ships bearing down on
you, it's wisest to panic. If no enemy ships are on the screen,
charge your batteries.
The Program
The program is divided into several blocks:
lines 10-210 Control section
1000-1990 Screen display
2000-2030 Refuel routine
3000-3400 Enemy movement
4000-4210 Enemy fire
5000-5400 Enemy ship and supply ship appearances
6000-6580 Weapons and firing routine
9500-9630 Destroyed routine
When RUN, the program loops through each section, begin
ning with your fire routine, enemy fire and movement, new
ships, and the screen routine. This is controlled by line 200.
The odds of a ship appearing are given in lines 5005 and
5010. The four ships are listed as subscripts of ET(x), with a
value of one for light, two for medium, and three for heavy
ships. ET(5) is the supply ship, and has a value of five if one
is on the screen, and zero otherwise. EH(x) is the ship's hit
probability, given by line 40, and ED(x) is the distance, given
in line 30. To change the difficulty level of the game, change
99
4 Brain
Testers
the values of the number following "FNA(x)" in lines 5005

and 5010. If a ship is scheduled to appear, line 5110 chooses
the type. Light ships are the most probable.
The "radar screen" is generated by section 1500-1720 using
an individual coordinate system. EX(x) and EY(x) define each
enemy ship location. This is a slow method for generating the
display, but it saves the most memory.
Program 4-3. Outpost

10 PRINT"{CLR}":POKE36879,76
20 DEFPNA(X)=INT(RND(1)*X+1)
30 DEFFNB(Z)=INT(SQR((EX(G)-6)T2+(EY
(G)-6)t2))
40 DEFFNC(Z)=INT(1/(ED(G))*100+(C/2))
50 C=99:G=1:GOSUB5110:GOSUB2000
200 GOSUB5000:GOSUB1000:GOSUB6000:GOSUB3
000:GOSUB4000
210 GOTO200
1000 PRINT"{HOME}{DOWN}{BLK}ENEMY 1
{3 SPACES}2{3 SPACES}3{3 SPACES}4"
1020 PRINT"{WHT}TYPE ";
1030 FORG=1TO4
1040 IFET(G)=0THENPRINT" ";
1050 IFET(G)=1THENPRINT"LGT ";
1060 IFET(G)=2THENPRINT"MDM ";
1070 IFET(G)=3THENPRINT"HVY ";
1080 NEXT
1100 PRINT:PRINT"DIST":PRINT"PROB
{16 SPACES}":PRINT"ENGY{16 SPACES}"
1120 FORG=1TO4
1122 X=l+G*4
1124 PRINT"{4 UP}"
1126 PRINTSPC(X)ED(G)
1128 PRINTSPC(X)EH(G)
1130 PRINTSPC(X)EE(G)
1140 NEXTG
1300 PRINT:PRINTSPC(12);" {BLU}STATUS"
1305 PRINTSPC(12)" DDDD
DD"
1310 PRINTSPC(ll)" {CYN}ENGY:t3 SPACES}
{3 LEFT}";E
100
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Testers 4
1320 PRINTSPC(11)"{YEL} COMP:{3 SPACES}

{3 LEPT}";C
1330 PRINTSPC(11)"{CYN} MAIN:{3 SPACES}
{3 LEFT}";M
1340 PRINTSPC(ll)" SECN:{3 SPACES}
{3 LEFT}";S
1350 PRINTSPC(ll)" TORP:";T
1360 PRINTSPC(11)"{2 SPACES}VP :";VP
1400 PRINT:PRINTSPC(11);" {RED}C=CHARGE"
:PRINT:PRINT
1500 PRINT"{HOME}{6 DOWN}"
1510 A=0
1520 FORY=1TO11
1530 FORX=1TO11
1540 FORG=1TO5
1550 IFY<>EY(G)THEN1620
1560 IFX<>EX(G)THEN1620
1570 A=1:IFG=1THENPRINT"{BLK}1";
1580 IFG=2THENPRINT"{BLK}2";
1610 IFG=5THENPRINT"{WHT}S";
1620 NEXTG
1630 IFX=6ANDY=6THENPRINT"{GRNJQ :A
=1
1640 IFA=1THENA=0:GOTO1660
1650 PRINT"{GRN}+";
1660 NEXTX
1670 PRINT
1680 NEXTY
1700 FORA=1TO11
1710 PRINTSPC(ll)" "
1720 NEXT
1990 PRINT:RETURN
2000 ET(5)=0:EX(5)=0:EY(5)=0
2010 E=99:M=99:S=99
2020 T=T+5:IFT>9THENT=9
2030 RETURN
3000 FORG=1TO5:IFET(G)>0THEN3100
3010 NEXTG:RETURN
3100 IFG<5ANDFNA(9)>5THEN3010
101
4 Brain
Testers
3200 IF EX(G)>6THENEX(G)=EX(G)-1
3210 IF EX(G)<6THENEX(G)=EX(G)+1
3220 IFEY(G)<6THENEY(G)=EY(G)+1
3230 IFEY(G)>6THENEY(G)=EY(G)-1
3240 IFET(5)=5ANDEY(5)=6ANDEX(5)=6THENG0
SUB2000
3250 IFEY(G)=6ANDEX(G)=6THEN9500
3265 IFG<5ANDEX(G)=EX(5)ANDEY(G)=EY(5)TH
ENET(5)=0:EX(5)=0:EY(5)=0
3300 ED(G)=FNB(1)
3330 EH(G)=FNC(0):IFEH(G)>99THENEH(G)=99
3400 GOTO3010
4000 PRINT"{OP}ENEMY FIRING & MOVING"
4010 FORG=1TO4:IFET(G)O0THEN4100
4020 NEXTG:RETURN
4100 IFFNA(99)>(EE(G)+FNA(30))OREE(G)<10
THEN4020
4110 E=E-FNA(5)*ET(G)
4150 EE(G)=EE(G)-FNA(10)
4160 IFFNA(10)=1THENC=C-FNA(25):IFC<1THE
N9500
4170 IFFNA(10)=1THENM=M-FNA(25):IFM<0THE
NM=0
4180 IFFNA(10)=1THENS=S-FNA(25):IFS<0THE
NS=0
4200 IFE<0THEN9500
4210 GOTO4020
5000 G=FNA(5)
5005 IFG=5ANDET(5)=0ANDFNA(4)>1THENET(5)
=5:GOTO5160
5010 IFG=5ORET(G)<>0ORFNA(9)>4THEN5400
5110 A=4-INT(LOG(FNA(50)+2))
5120 ET(G)=A:EE(G)=99
5160 EX(G)=FNA(11)
5170 EY(G)=FNA(11)
5180 A=FNA(4):IFA=1THENEY(G)=1
5190 IFA=2THENEY(G)=11
5200 IFA=3THENEX(G)=11
5210 IFA=4THENEX(G)=1
5300 ED(G)=FNB(1)
5320 EH(G)=FNC(0):IFEH(G)>99THENEH(G)=99
5400 RETURN
102
Brain
Testers 4
6000 PRINT"{BLK}WEAPON:{14 SPACES}"

6010 GETA$:IPA$=""THEN6010
6020 IFA$="M"ANDM>0THENA=6:M=M-FNA(5):IF
M<0THENM=0
6025 IFA$■"C"THENE=E+FNA(2 0):IFE > 99THENE
=99
6030 IFA$="C"THENRETURN
6035 IFA$="S"ANDS>0THENA=4:S=S-FNA(5):IF
S<0THENS=0
6040 IFA$="T"ANDT>0THENA=9:T=T-1
6060 IFA<3THENPRINT"{UP}BAD INPUT I WEAPO
N:":GOTO6010
6100 PRINT"{UP}TARGET NO:{10 SPACES}"
6120 GET B$:IFB$=""THEN6120
6125 B=VAL(B$)
6130 IFET(B)=0THENPRINT"{UP}BAD DATA1 TA
RGET:":GOTO6120
6200 IFFNA(99)>EH(B)THENPRINT"{UP}MISSED
1{7 SPACES}":FORZ=1TO1000:NEXT:RETU
RN
6210 EE(B)=INT(EE(B)-((A*FNA(15))/ET(B)))
6215 PRINT"{UP}{WHT}TARGET HIT{6 SPACES}
":FORZ=1TO1000:NEXT
6220 IFEE(B)<1THEN6500
6230 E=E-FNA(5)
6300 RETURN
6500 VP=VP+ET(B)
6505 EX(B)=0:EY(B)=0
6510 ET(B)=0:EH(B)=0:ED(B)=0:EE(B)=0
6570 PRINT"{UP}{BLU}{RVS}{2 SPACES}TARGE
T DESTROYEDl{2 SPACES}"
6575 FORA=1TO1000:NEXT
6580 RETURN
9500 POKE36879,110
9510 PRINT"{CLR}{WHT}{3 DOWN}{4 SPACESjD
ESTROYED11111"
9550 PRINT"{4 DOWN}{5 SPACES}SCORE= ";VP
:PRINT:PRINT
9560 IFVP>HSTHENHS=VP
9580 PRINT"{2 DOWN} {GRN} **************
103
4 Brain
Testers
9590 PRINT" {GRN}{2 SPACESjHIGH SCORE*

;HS
9600 PRINT" {GRN} *****************"
9605 PRINT"{4 DOWN}{2 SPACES}{WHT}
{2 SPACES}ANOTHER GAME?"
9620 IPA$="Y"THENRUN
9630 STOP
104
Brain
Testers 4
C.G. McGaffin
This game of reasoning, logic, and luck will prove challenging to all
age levels.
"Cryptic Numbers" is a game of logic and a little bit of luck

for the Unexpanded VIC. Unlike the rapid-fire intergalactic
space-war games, which demand flawless eye-hand coordina
tion, Cryptic Numbers is a mentally challenging yet relaxed-
pace game.
The object of the game is to determine the value of a hid

den four-digit secret code number in as few tries as possible.
The secret code number consists of the digits 0 through 9 in
any order and combination including multiple repetitions,
such as 2322.
The program randomly selects a new secret code number
at the beginning of each game. Optional screen displays de
scribe the play of the game and give an explanation of the
clues which are given by the computer following each four-
digit guess. The program compares each guess to the secret
code number, and if the guess is incorrect it displays clues to
aid the player in picking his next number.
Play continues until either the secret number is deter
mined or ten incorrect guesses have been made. A maximum
of ten guesses is allowed to preserve both the sanity of the
player and a reasonable screen display. Upon completion of
the game, the computer uncovers the X'd out secret code
number and maintains the screen display to allow the player
to study the input numbers and clues in comparison with the
actual secret code number.
The Clues
Clues are given using the symbols • (a black disk), o (a
white disk), ox a blank space. The computer will display one
black disk for each digit in the player's guess which is identi-
105
4 Brain
Testers
cal to and in the same position as a digit in the secret code

number. A white disk is displayed for each digit in the play
er's number which is the same as a digit in the secret code
number but not in the correct position. A vacant space —
that is, no symbol — results from each digit in the player's
number which is not found in the secret code number.
For example, the number 4096, when compared to a
secret code number of 1079, would result in the following
clues: one black disk, one white disk, and two blank spaces.
The black disk results from the 0 in the number being equal
to and located in the same position as the 0 in the secret
code number. The white disk results from the 9 in the
number being equal to the 9 in the secret code, but not
located in the correct position. The two blank spaces result
from the digits 4 and 6 which are not found in the secret
code number.
Black disks (if any) are displayed initially in each clue fol
lowed by white disks (if any) and then the blank spaces. The
order of the symbols and spaces in the clues does not imply
which of the digits in the player's number are correct or
incorrect.
Entering Your Guess

Each input number must contain four digits and is terminated
with a RETURN. Corrections may be made to the current in
put number by using the delete key (DEL) and retyping. The
player should use all of the preceding guesses and their cor
responding clues to arrive at subsequent guesses.
A Sample
The following screen display illustrates the play of the game:
SECRET CODE CLUES

X XXX
1 2 468 o
2 1 357 •o
3 9 237
4 1 540 •oo
5 1 605 • •o
TRY 6
Can you deduce what the hidden code is from the avail
able information? One of the digits 2, 4, 6, or 8 is correct
106
Brain
Testers
based on the clue resulting from the first guess. The second
guess resulted in clues which state that one digit is correct
and in the right code number position and one other digit is
correct but not correctly positioned. The third guess is very
helpful since the digits 2, 3, 7, and 9 have been eliminated
from further play. What would your guess be for TRY 6? The
correct answer is given at the end of this article.
Only four more chances remain to figure out the secret code.
Crunching
The initial version of Cryptic Numbers was "crunched"
(packed into memory) after it was operating to see how much
the program's memory requirements could be reduced. The
effort was well worth it. Since I now had more memory avail
able, I made other revisions, adding some musical output, ex
planatory screen displays, and the ability to correct any of the
digits being input in the current guess.
The program will run on a 5K or 8K system with no
modification. Memory addresses found in lines 16, 51,
105, 106, and 108 must be changed to run the program on
larger systems.
The Solution: For those of you who did not figure out the solu
tion to the sample here, it is — 1085.
107
Brain
Testers
Program 4-4: Cryptic Numbers

1 DIMC(9),S(9),CG(3),AC(3),AB(3)
2 PRINT"{CLR}{3 DOWN}{3 SPACES}CRYPTIC-NU
MBERS":PRINT"{2 DOWN}"
3 SC=36879:POKESC,25:PRINT"BREAK THE SECR
ET FOUR"
4 PRINT"DIGIT CODE SET BY VIC.":PRINT:PRI
NT"TYPE C FOR MORE ON HOWTO PLAY.":PRI
NT
6 PRINT"TYPE RETURN TO START{2 SPACES}PLA
Y.":PRINT:PRINT"{DOWN}{2 SPACES}*** GO
OD LUCK1 ***"
8 V=36878:Sl=36876:GOSUB72:RESTORE
10 IFA$OCHR$(13)ANDA$<>CHR$(67)THEN9
111FA$=CHR$(67)THENGOSUB82
12 PRINT"{CLR}{8 SPACES}SECRET{17 SPACES}
CODE{4 SPACES}CLUES":PRINT" TRY 1"
13 FORJ=1TO14:PRINT:NEXT:PRINT"KEY TO CLU
ES"
14 PRINT"1 Q DIGIT,POSITION OK 2 W DIGIT
OK{10 SPACES}3{3 SPACES}DIGIT INCORRE
CT":GOSUB106
15 FORJ=0TO3:AC(J)=INT(RND(1)*10):AB(J)=A
C(J):NEXT
16 NG=0:NL=49:CS=7724:CC=38444:GS=7746:GC
=38466:L=0
17 FORJ=0TO9:READC(J),S(J):NEXT
18 FORM=7TO13STEP2
19 POKECS+M,86:POKECC+M,2:NEXT
20 L=0:Pl=7:P2=l5:FORM=P1TOP2STEP2
21 GOSUB108:GETA$:IFA$=""THEN21
22 N=ASC(A$):IFN=20ORN=13THEN100
23 N=ASC(A$)-48:IFN<0ORN>9THEN21
24 IFM=15THEN21
25 CG(L)=N:POKEGS+M,S(N):POKEGC+M,C(N):L=
L+1:NEXT
26 B=0:W=0:FORJ=0TO3:CG(J)=CG(J)+1:AC(J)=
AC(J)+1:NEXT:FORJ=0TO3:IFCG(J)<>AC(J)
THEN28
27 CG(J)=-CG(J):AC(J)=-AC(J):B=B+1
108
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Testers 4
28 NEXT
29 FORJ=0TO3:IFCG(J)<0THEN33
30 FORL=0TO3:IFCG(J)<>AC(L)THEN32
31 CG(J)=-CG(J):AC(L)=-AC(L):W=W+1:GOTO33
32 NEXTL
33 NEXTJ
34 FORJ=0TO3:AC(J)=AB(J):NEXT
36 GS«GS+17:GC=GC+17:IFB=0THEN38
37 FORJ=1TOB:POKEGS+J-1,81:POKEGC+J-1, 0 :N
EXT
38 IFW=0THEN40
39 FORJ=1TOW:POKEGS+B+J-1,87:POKEGC+B+J-1
,0:NEXT
40 GS=GS+5:GC=GC+5:IFB=4THEN51
41 FORJ=19TO21:POKEGS-J,32:POKEGC-J,1:NEX
T:IFNG=9THEN45
42 POKEGS+1,20:POKEGC+1,6:POKEGS+2,18:POK
EGC+2,6: POKEGS+3, 25: POKEGC+3,6
43 NL=NL+1:POKEGS+5,NL:POKEGC+5,6
44 IFNL=57THENNL=47
45 NG=NG+1:POKEV,15
48 FORJ=1TO30:POKES1#183:NEXT
49 POKESl^rPOKEV^
50 IFNG<10THEN20
51 MS=7724:MC=38444:L=0
52 FORM=7TO13STEP2:N=AC(L)+2
53 POKEMS+M,S(N-2):POKEMC+M,C(N-2):L=L+1:
NEXT
54 IFNG<10THENGOSUB72
56 M$="NICE JOB1{2 SPACESjTRY AGAIN1
{SHIFT-SPACE}"
57 IFNG=10THENM?="{3 SPACES}SORRY TRY AGA
IN{4 SPACES}11
58 MS=MS+264:MC=MC+264
59 GOSUB70
60 M$="{2 SPACES}TYPE AN E TO EXIT
{3 SPACES}"
61 MS=MS+22:MC=MC+22
62 GOSUB70
63 M$="OR C TO CONTINUE PLAY "
64 MS=MS+22:MC=MC+22
65 GOSUB70
109
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Testers
67 IFA$=CHR$(67)THEN2
68 IFA$<>CHR$(69)THEN66
69 GOTO79
70 FORJ=0TO21:C$=MID$(M$,J+1,1):N=ASC(C$)
-64:IFN<0THENN=N+64
71 POKEMS+J,N:POKEMC+J,2:NEXT:RETURN
72 POKEV,15:FORL=250TO230STEP-2:POKES1,L
73 FORM=1TO110:NEXTM
74 NEXTL
75 FORL=232TO250STEP2:POKES1,L
76 FORM=1TO85:NEXTM
77 NEXTL:POKEV,0:POKES1,0:RETURN
78 DATA4,48,0,49,3,50,2,51,3,52,4,53,5,54
,6,55,7,56,2,57
79 POKESC27
80 PRINT"{CLR}"
81 END
82 PRINT"{CLR}*EACH GUESS IS MADE UPOF FO
UR DIGITS.{7 SPACES}":PRINT"*THE DIGI
TS 0 TO 9 MAY";
83 PRINT"BE USED IN ANY COMBIN-ATION AND
SEQUENCE.{3 SPACES}":PRINT"*DIGITS MA
Y BE CORREC-";
84 PRINT"TED BY DELETING (DEL{2 SPACES}KE
Y) AND RETYPING.":PRINT:PRINT"*A RETU
RN MUST FOLLOW"
85 PRINT"EACH FOUR DIGIT GUESS.":PRINT"*V
IC COMPARES THE CODEWITH EACH GUESS A
ND"
86 PRINT"GIVES CLUES TO HELP{3 SPACES}YOU
BREAK THE CODE."
87 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT"**TYPE C TO CONTINUE
**"
91 IFA$<>CHR$(67)THEN90
92 PRINT"{CLR}*VIC PRINTS UP TO FOURSYMBO
LIC CLUES AFTER{2 SPACES}EACH GUESS D
EPENDING"
93 PRINT"ON THE NUMBER OF COR- RECT DIGIT
S IN EACH{3 SPACES}GUESS.":PRINT
94 PRINT"Q IS PRINTED FOR EACH CORRECT DI
110
Brain
Testers 4
GIT WHICH ISIN EXACTLY THE SAME"

95 PRINT"LOCATION IN THE CODE.":PRINT:PRI
NT"W MEANS A DIGIT IS OK,BUT IN THE W
RONG PLACE"
96 PRINT"(A VACANT CLUE MEANS ADIGIT IS I
NCORRECT.)":PRINT"{3 DOWN}*HIT RETURN
TO BEGIN*"
97 GETA?:IFA$■""THEN9 7
98 IFA$<>CHR§(13)THEN97
99 RETURN
100 IFN=13THEN104
101 IFM=7THEN21
102 M=M-2:L=L-1:IFL<0THENL=0
103 POKEGS+M,32:POKEGC+M,25
104 IFM<=13THEN21
105 POKE38730,1:GOTO26
106 MS=8010:MC=38730:M$="*ENTER ANY 4 DIG
ITS{3 SPACES}":GOSUB70
107 MS=MS+22:MC=MC+22:M$=" FOLLOWED BY A
RETURN ":GOSUB70:RETURN
108 MC=38730:POKEMC,1:FORI=1TO100:NEXT:PO
KEMC,2:FORI=1TO100:NEXT:RETURN
HI
4 Brain
Testers
Eric Jansing and Bob Meyers, Jr.
This VTC-20 translation of a popular Commodore PET program

written by Robert W. Baker shows how screen compatibility problems
can be overcome. It requires an 8K memory expansion.
"Word Hunt" is a great game that appeared in the March

1982 issue of COMPUTE! Magazine. The game was written
perfectly except for one thing — it couldn't be RUN on a VIC
without some problems. I put the game on the PET and liked
it so much that I decided to translate it for the VIC.
After days of problems, I was ready to give up completely
until I met Bob Meyers. He too had a VIC. I told him about
the game and he agreed that it would be a good project.
Bob's solution was to use a VIC 8K expander.
Screen compatibility
The expander gave us enough memory, but it didn't solve the
screen compatibility problem. The original program was writ
ten for a 40-column screen; VIC's screen is 22 columns wide.
Hunting for the word "flypaper" The next entry would be

"6" to indicate the word is spelled backwards.
112
Brain
Testers 4
In the end, we took out a few words and abbreviated some

others to make the program compatible with the VIC's screen.
When you RUN Word Hunt, you get a catchy title with
lots of color. The computer then asks you the skill level, 1 be
ing easy and 5 being hard. Then the computer asks you to
input ten words. When the computer finishes the puzzle,
you're asked to press any key and the game begins.
The computer writes the puzzle on the screen and dis
plays the word you must hunt for. Then you are asked the
starting location of the word (ROW,COLUMN), and the com
puter will ask you the direction. The direction box is located
at the bottom left of the screen. To answer the direction, just
look at the word and match its direction at the bottom.
If you are correct, the computer will respond "yes" and
give you points. The number of points you get is determined
by the time you took to answer.
Program 4-5: word Hunt

2 CLR
3 A=0
4 POKE36879,8
5 A=A+1
10 PRINT"{CLR}":PRINT"{7 DOWN}{4 RIGHT}
{DOWN}{RVSJQQQQQQQQQQQQQ"
11 PRINT"{RVS}14 RIGHTJQI11 SPACES}Q"
12 PRINT"{RVS}{4 RIGHT}Q WORD HUNT Q"
13 PRINT"{RVS}{4 RIGHT}q{11 SPACES}Q"
14 PRINT"{RVS}{4 RIGHT}QQQQQQQQQQQQQ
{OFF}"
20 FOR X=1TO200:NEXT:PRINT"{CLR}"
25 L$="{WHT}{YEL}{GRN}{PUR}{RED}{CYN}":P
RINT MID$(L$,A,1):IF A<7 THEN 5
70 FOR X=l TO VAL(RIGHT$(TI$,2)):R=RND(1
):NEXT
80 S=10:W=10:DIM M(S,S),W$(W),P(S,S),L(W
,3),F(8)
90 POKE36879,253:PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}{BLU}W
HAT SKILL LEVEL"
95 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
100 PRINT"{PUR}1(EASY) TO 5(HARD)
{3 SPACES}3{3 LEFT}";
113
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testers
110 INPUTR$:X=VAL(R$):IF X<1 AND X>5 THE

N 90
120 SL=6-X
130 PRINT"{BLK}{2 DOWN}ENTER"W"WORDS,"
140 PRINT:PRINT"MAKE EACH WORD 3 TO 8"
150 PRINT:PRINT"CHARACTERS LONG."
170 FOR X=1TOW:L(X,1)=0:L(X,2)=0:L(X,3)=
0
180 PRINT:PRINT"{RED}WORD";X;TAB(8);"
{2 RIGHT}?{3 LEFT}";
190 INPUT R$:Q=LEN(R$)
200 IF Q<3 THEN PRINTTAB(26);"{RVS}{BLU}
{UP}* TOO SHORT *{OFF}":GOTO 180
210 IF Q>8 THEN PRINTTAB(26);"{RVS}{PUR}
{UP}* TOO LONG *{OFF}":GOTO 180
220 X9=0:FOR Y=1TOQ:A=ASC(MID$("*"+R$+"*
230 IF A<65 OR A>90 THEN X9=1:Y=Q

240 NEXT Y:IF X9=l THEN PRINTTAB(26)"
{UP}* BAD WORD *":GOTO 180
250 IF X=ll THEN W$(X)R$+"*":GOTO290
260 X9=0:FORY=1TOX:IFQ<=LEN(W$(Y))-1 THE
N 280
270 FOR B=XTOY+1STEP-1:W$(B)=W$(B-1):NEX
T:W$(Y)=R$+"*":X9=1:Y=X-1
280 .NEXT
290 NEXT
295 POKE36879/194
300 PRINT"{BLU}{CLR}{4 DOWN}{23 SPACESjT
HAT'S ENOUGH WORDS 1{23 SPACES}"
310 PRINT"{PUR}{4 DOWN}{23 SPACES}PLEASE
BE PATIENT...{23 SPACES}"
320 PRINT"{BLK}{2 DOWN}{22 SPACESjl'M MA
KING THE PUZZLE 1{22 SPACES}"
340 FOR X=1TOS:FORY=1TOS:M(Y,X)=42:NEXT:
NEXT:Q=0
360 FOR X=l TO S:FORY=1TOS:P(Y,X)=0:NEXT
370 NEXT:Q=Q+1:IF Q>W THEN 760
380 G=LEN(W$(Q))-2
400 X9=0:FORX=1TOS:FORY=1TOS:IF P(Y,X)=0
THENX9=1:X=S:Y=S
410 NEXT:NEXT:IF X9=l THEN 450
114
Brain
Testers 4
430 PRINT"{CLR}THIS LIST OF WORDS

{4 SPACES}WILL NOT ALL FIT
440 PRINT"PLEASE ENTER NEW WORDS":GOTO13
0
450 A=INT(S*RND(1)+1):B=INT(S*RND(1)+1):
IF P(B,A)<>0 THEN 450
460 P(B,A)=1:IF M(B,A)=42 THEN 490
470 IF M(B,A)<>ASC(LEFT$(W$(Q),1))THEN40
0
490 FOR X=1TO8:F(X)=0:NEXT
500 X9=0:FOR X=1TO8:IF F(X)=0 THEN X9=1:
X=8
510 NEXT:IF X9=0THEN400
520 D=INT(8*RND(l)+i):IF F(D)=1 THEN 520
530 F(D)=1:ON D GOTO 550,590,580,620,610
,650,640,560
550 IF (A+G)>S THEN 500
560 IF (B-G)<1 THEN 500
570 GOTO 670
580 IF (B+G)>S THEN 500
590 IF (A+G)>S THEN 500
600 GOTO 670
610 IF (A-G)<1 THEN 500
620 IF (B+G)>S THEN 500
630 GOTO 670
640 IF (B-G)<1 THEN 500
650 IF (A-G)<1 THEN 500
670 X=A:Y=B:X9=0:FORN=2TOG+1:GOSUB1550:I
F M(Y,X)=42 THEN 690
680 IF M(Y,X)<>ASC(MID$(W$(Q),N,1)) THEN
X9=1:N=G+1
690 NEXT:X=A:Y=B:IF X9=l THEN500
710 FOR N=1TOG+1:IF M(Y,X)=42 THEN M(Y,X
)-ASC(MID$(W$(Q),N,l))
720 GOSUB 1550:NEXT
740 L(Q,1)=A-1:L(Q,2)=B-1:L(Q,3)=D:IF Q<
W THEN360
760 FOR Y=1TOS:FORX=1TOS:IFM(Y,X)=42 THE
NM(Y,X)=INT(25*RND(l)+65)
770 NEXT:NEXT:WP=0:TS=0
775 POKE36879,15
780 PRINT"{CYN}{CLR}{5 DOWN}{RVS}READY"
115
Brain
Testers
790 PRINT"{GRN}{5 DOWN}PRESS ANY KEY TO

PLAY"
800 R$="":GETR$:IF R$="'\THEN 800
810 POKE36879,25
820 print"{bluhclrhdown} {down}
{2 spaces}{rvs}column";tab(14);"
{c^nHrvsHupJw o r d"
860 print"{blu}{4 down}{rvs}r{down}
{LEFT}O{DOWN}{LEFTJw{5 UP}{2 LEFT}
{OFF}";
861 PRINT"{BLK}{4 RIGHT}";
870 FORX=0TOS-1:PRINTRIGHT$(STR$(X),1);:
NEXTX:PRINTiY=l:GOSUB1650
880 FORY=1TOS:PRINT"{RIGHT}";RIGHT$(STR$
(Y-l)#1);"-"•
890 FORX=1TOS:?RINTCHR$(M(Y,X));:NEXTX
900 PRINT"-":NEXTY:Y=0:GOSUB1650
910 PRINT"TRED}{RVS}{DOWN}{3 SPACES}7 8
1{3 SPACES}"
920 PRINT" {RVS} {4 SPACES}M-N{4 SPACES}11:
PRINT"{RVS}{3 SPACES}6*Q*2
{3 SPACES}"
921 PRINT"{RVS}{4 SPACES}NBM{4 SPACES}":
PRINT"{RVS}{3 SPACES}5 4 3{3 SPACES}
It
930 G=17:GOSUB1700:PRINT:PRINT"{UP}"TAB(
12);:PRINT"{PUR}{RVS}{2 SPACES}SCORE
{2 SPACES}":PRINTTAB(12);"EJ8
{7 SPACES}gL3"
940 PRINTTAB(12);"gJ3{3 SPACES}0
{3 SPACES}gL3"
950 PRINTTAB(12);"gja{7 SPACES}&L3"
951 PRINTTAB(12);"B9 U|":PRINT"{HOME}"
960 G=2:GOSUB1700:PRINT"{9 SPACES}"
970 WP=WP+1:IFWP>WTHEN1450
980 Q=LEN(W$(WP))-1
1000 GOSUB1700:PRINTTAB(15-(Q/2));LEFT$(
W$(WP),Q):TI$="000000"
1020 G=4:GOSUB1700:PRINTTAB(15);"{BLU}LO
C."
1025 PRINTTAB(15)"{GRN}ROW{BLK}#{RED}COL
116
Brain
Testers 4
1030 FORG=6TO11:GOSUB1700:
1040 PRINT"{5 SPACES}":NEXTG:G=6:GOSUB1700
1050 B$="":GETB$:IFB$=""THEN1050
1060 IF ASC(B$)=13THEN1050
1070 PRINTB$;",";:IFB$="0"THENB=0:GOTO10
90
1080 B=VAL(B$):IFB<10RB>9THENPRINT"
{2 LEFT}{2 SPACES}{2 LEFT}";:GOTO10
50
1090 A$="":GETA$:IFA$=""THEN1090
1100 IF ASC(A$)=13THEN1090
1110 PRINTA$:IFA$="0"THENA=0:GOTO1140
1120 A=VAL(A$):IFA<1ORA>9THEN1030
1140 G=7:GOSUB1700:PRINT"DIR:":PRINT:PRI
NTTAB(15);" {LEFT}";
1150 GETD$:IFD$=""THEN1150
1160 IF ASC(D$)=13THEN1150
1170 PRINT"{UP}{RIGHT}";D$:D=VAL(D$):IFD
<1ORD>8THEN1140
1190 WT=TI:IFB<>L(WP,2)THEN1230
1200 IF A<>L(WP,1)THEN1230
1210 IF D=L(WP,3)THEN1360
1230 X=A+1:Y=B+1:G=LEN(W$(WP))-1:IFM(Y,X
)<>ASC(LEFT$(W$(WP),1))THEN1300
1240 X9=0:FORN=2TOG:GOSUB1550:IF X<10RX>
10THEN1270
1250 IF Y<1 OR Y>10 THEN1270
1260 IF M(Y,X)=ASC(MID$(W$(WP),N,1))THEN
1280
1270 X9=1:N=G
1280 NEXTN:IF X9=0THEN 1360
1300' G=6:GOSUB 1700:PRINTSPC(0);:B$=STR$
(L(WP#2)):A$=STR$(L(WP,1))
1310 PRINTRIGHT$(B$,LEN(B$)-1);'\ ";RIGHT
$(A$,LEN(A$)-1)
1320 G=8:GOSUB1700:PRINT SPC(1);L(WP,3)
1330 G=10:GOSUB 1700:PRINT"T"
1340 G=l1:GOSUB1700:PRINT"J {RVS} NO
{OFF}"
1341 G=l3:GOSUB1700:PRINT"{DOWN}HIT ANY"
:G=13:GOSUB1700:PRINT"{2 DOWN}
{2 SPACES}KEY"
117
4 Brain
Testers
1342 QW$="":GETQW$:IFQW$=""THEN1342
1343 G=10:GOSUB1700:PRINT" "
1344 G=11:GOSUB1700:PRINT"{5 SPACES}"
1345 G=l3:GOSUB1700:PRINT"{DOWN}
{7 SPACES}":G=l3:GOSUB1700:PRINT"
{2 DOWN}{5 SPACES}"
1350 GOTO 1420
1360 IF WT<(SL*60)THENWS=100:GOTO1390
1370 IF WT<(SL*1200)THENWS=10:GOTO1390
1380 WS=5+INT((SL*1200)-WT)/60)
1390 G=10:GOSUB1700:PRINT"t"
1400 G=l1:GOSUB1700:PRINT"{RVS}Y{OFF},
{LEFT}"WS:TS=TS+WS
1420 G=17+2:GOSUB1700:PRINT TS
1430 GOTO 960
1460 FORX=1TO6:PRINT"{12 SPACES}":NEXTX
1470 FORG=-2TO14:GOSUB1700
1480 PRINT"{22 SPACES}":NEXTG
1490 FORX=1TO1500:NEXTX:PRINT"{CLR}"
1491 POKE36879,76
1492 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{YEL}DO YOU WIS
H TO PLAY{3 SPACES}{DOWN}ANOTHER GA
ME? IF YOU{2 SPACES}{DOWN}DO ENTER
Y FOR YES."
1493 PRINT"{DOWN}IF YOU DON'T ENTER N
{2 SPACES}{DOWN}FOR NO.
1500 R$="":GETR$:IFR$=""THEN1500
1505 IFR$="N"THEN1520
1510 IF R$="Y"THEN90
1515 IFR$o"N"ANDR$<>"Y"THEN1500
1520 PRINT"{CLR}":POKE36879,42
1525 PRINT"{HOME}{7 DOWN}{CYN}THANK YOU
FOR PLAYING {DOWN}{YEL}WORD HUNT
{CYN}. HOPE YOU(3 SPACES}{DOWN}HAD FUN.
1530 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{6 RIGHT}{GRN}SEE YOU
LATER111"
1535 FORX=1TO5000:NEXTX:PRINT"{CLR}":POK
E36879,110
1540 PRINT"{HOME}{10 DOWN}{CYN}
{4 SPACESjEND OF PROGRAM":FORI=1 TO
1000:NEXT I
118
Brain
Testers a
1541 PRINT" {CLR}":POKE 36879,27:END

1550 ON D GOTO 1560,1570,1580,1590,1600,
1610,1620,1630
1560 Y=Y-1
1570 X=X+1:RETURN
1580 X=X+1
1590 Y=Y+1:RETURN
1600 Y=Y+1
1610'X=X-1:RETURN
1620 X=X-1
1630 Y=Y-1:RETURN
1650 PRINT"{2 RIGHT}";;IFY=lTHENPRINT"
EA3";:GOTO1670
1660 PRINT"gZ|";
1670 FORX=0TOS-1:PRINT"^";:NEXTX:IFY=1T
HENPRINT"iS 3":RETURN
1680 PRINT"BX3":RETURN
1700 PRINT"{HOME}"TAB(14);:FORX9=1TOG:PR
INT"{BLK}{DOWN}";:NEXTX9:RETURN
119
Brain
Testers
LOSt FOX
Warren Pugh
"Lost Vox" is a fun game even young children will enjoy. It, like
other programs in this book, uses a technique called chaining to fit
into an Unexpanded VIC. Be sure to S/ti/E Program 47 immediately
following Program 4-6 on the same tape.
Silky is the youngest fox in the city zoo. Silky is a born

performer, and crowds of people every day watch the fox
scamper around in the fox run. However, like a lot of young
creatures, Silky doesn't much like getting the shots to prevent
disease. Yesterday Silky saw the vet getting ready for the in
jections and decided it was time to leave the zoo.
So Silky burrowed out of the fox run — and completely
out of the city zoo. Now the young fox is loose somewhere in
the city. Silky doesn't know much about staying away from
cars and buses, and there isn't much to eat. You are the zoo-
keeper, and it's your job to find Silky before anything bad
happens.
Fortunately, all the zoo animals have special collars that
send out radio signals every now and then. You can pick up
those signals. They tell you what direction you have to go in
in order to find Silky. The possible directions are:
NW NE
W you E
SW SE
When you find Silky, the tired fox will be glad to see
you. Silky didn't know how tough life could be outside the
safe walls of the zoo. Getting back to plenty of good food, a
nice warm place to sleep, and plenty of friendly people to
perform for — that'll be worth getting a few shots from the
vet, after all.
120
Brain
Testers
The zookeeper is getting close to the fox in "Lost Fox."
How to Play
Levels of difficulty. At the beginning of the game, before
you begin your search for the lost fox, you will be asked
what level of difficulty you want. 1 is the easiest level, and 8
is the hardest.
Where is Silky? When the game begins, Silky is hidden
randomly somewhere in the city. At the easier levels of play,
Silky stays in the same place. At the harder levels, the fox
moves around.
What you see. The TV screen shows you an aerial view
of the city, looking down on the streets and the city blocks.
You will start from a position in the center of the city. You
have at most 30 moves in which to find Silky.
How to move. You can move by pressing N for north, S
for south, E for east, and W for west.
Radio signals. Every three moves (or every four or five, if
you chose higher difficulty levels) you will get a reading from
Silky's radio transmitter, telling you approximately what direc
tion the fox is from where you are. But don't count on getting
a signal every time — sometimes you might have a building
or a bridge in the way, blocking out the radio reception.
Roadblocks. Also, beware of places where the road is
blocked by construction or traffic jams or large trucks unload-
121
Brain
Testers
ing — it's easy to get boxed in there and waste a lot of your
turns getting out again. There are more roadblocks at higher
difficulty levels.
Getting closer. When you get within three spaces of
Silky, you'll have to start searching on foot. On the screen,
you'll know when this happens because the car will be re
placed by a human figure. Once you're out of the car, you
don't have to stay on the road anymore — you can make your
way right through the city blocks.
Found! When you reach Silky, the fox will come out of
hiding and a fanfare will sound. In the meantime, the game
will reset itself so you can play again, if you want.
Even harder levels. Besides levels 1 to 8, there is a level 9
in which you can program your own obstacles.
Typing in the Program

So that "Lost Fox" will run on an Unexpanded VIC, it is
loaded in two parts. Type" in Program 4-6, SAVE it, and then
type in Program 4-7 and SAVE it on the same tape following
Program 4-6. So that Program 4-7 will fit, a question mark
should be used for all PRINT statements and all extra spaces
should be removed. So if a program line says for instance,
IFN=55THEN100
don't change it to read
IF N=55 THEN 100
or the program won't fit!
Program 4-6: Lost Fox, part 1

g> V=36878:SS=36874:POKEV+1, 57
}$ PRINT"{CLR}{9 DOWN}{RIGHT}{WHT}** L O
S T F p X **{BLK}" /7
M PRINT" {8 DOWN} {RIGHT} ":GOSUB l8@
T=l TO 1000:NEXT$
T& POKEV+1,25:PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}{RIGHT}
{REDjTHE FOX IS HIDDEN1{3 SPACESjEVER
Y 3,4, OR 5 MOVES,YOU WILL BE ALERTED
§ ¥% PRINT"AND WILL RECEIVE A{4 SPACES}REA

DING. MOVE YOURSELFBY USING THE KEYS:11
122
Brain
Testers 4
^ print"{down}{6 spaces}{rvs}n{off}- no
rth{down}{8 left}{rvs}s{off}- south
{down}{8 left}{rvs}e{off}- east{down}
{7 left}{rvs}w{off}- west{down}"
2® print" you cannot leave the roadway u
ntil you get close enough. once you";
2§ print"get the 'out of car1{2 spaces}m
essage, then you may move anywherei"
25* print" {down} beware of roadblocks i ";
236 print"{down} hit {rvs}return{off} to
GO ON.";
GETA? : IFA$=" "THENî //
PRINT"{CLR}":POKE36879,253
PRINT"{BLK}{8 DOWN}{3 RIGHT}{RED}PLE
ASE WAIT FOR {DOWN}{6 SPACES}PROGRAM
TO LOAD."
PRINT"{BLU}{4 DOWN}"
\C 2£8 POKE198,1:POKE631,131:END
17 l^^l POKEV ,15: READNS, DS: I FNS=-1THENPOKEV
,0:RETURN
\<i <3tfQ0 POKESS+1,NS:POKESS+2,NS:FORT=1TODS*
100:NEXT:POKESS+1,0:POKESS+2,0
FORT=1TO20:NEXT:GOTOifflUt / 7
DATA223,1,230,1,234,1,223,1,230,1,2
34,1,223,1,230,1,234,1,0,4
.21 W& DATA231,2,230,1,0,2,230,2,227,1,0,2
,227,2,223,4,-1,0
POKE51,0:POKE52,28:POKE55,0:POKE56,
28:CB=7168
FORN=0TO7: READB: P0KECB+A*8+N, B: NEXT
26 lJa40 DATA0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,2
55
DATA30,68,56,56,16,57,58,60,40
DATA35,84,124,84,16,56,126,127,36
DATA36,16,40,16,124,16,40,68,68
DATA32,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
DATA-1
123
Brain
Testers
Program 4-7: Lost fox, Part 2

S CLR:V=36878:SS=36874
'cffP POKE36869,240
1 31 PRINT"{CLR}":POKEV+1,234
?32 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{2 RIGHTjSELECT DEGREE
OF"sPRINT"{2 RIGHT}DIFFICULTY. (1-8)"
84 IFPEEK(197)=39THEN3® "
Jag" iGETB$ sIFVAL(B$)=0THEN31 ,
37 B=VAL(B$) ,..
(Q 38 0NBG0T043,42,43,44,45,46,47,48^
W 39 IFB=9THENif.'
(W) 41? Tl=3 s T2=0: T3=0 s T4=30 s G0T©fS X
Tl .42 ;Tl=4sT2=5:T3=0sT4=30sGOTO95
,2 43 JTl=3:T2=0sT3=l:T4=30:,GOTO95 ^
15 $4, Tl=4 s T2=5: T3=l s T4=30 s'(3OTO95 ,
/ a 4S JT1=5 s T2=10:T3=0:T4=30 sGOTO9S
; 5 4^ ]T1=5:T2=10:T3=lsT4=30sGQtO95,
)(,.#?^Tl=4:T2=5:T3=2:T4=30:GQTO95 ~u
17 4®\Tl=5 s T2=10 s T3=2 sT4=30:G0TO95 2
I <& Mi PRINT " { RED } { 3 DOWN } " s INPUT " # MOVES FO
R READING";Tl:INPUT"{DOWN}# OF ROADBL
OCKS";T2
INPUT"{DOWN}* SPACES FOX MOVES";T3:IN
PUT"{DOWN}# MOVES ALLOWED";T4
'CC=0:TT=0:TC=0:RC=0:H=3 5
PRINT"{CLR}":POKE36879,222:POKE36869
,255
OF=30720:FORX=7680TO7680+43 s POKEX,0 s
POKEX+OF,1:NEXT
Sl=7724
FORX=1TO6
FORY=S1TOS1+21
fi C 12 5 POKEY,0:POKEY+OF,0:NEXTY
^27 130 Sl=Sl+88
^^135 NEXTX
oq 140 Sl=7724
,6 1^45 FORfx=lTO5
< 1*50 FORY=S1TOS1+22*21STEP22
}l 15 5 POKEY,0 s POKEY+OF,0 s NEXTY
U Jg60 Sl=Sl+5
m 1S5 NEXTX
124
Brain,
"Testers1
RH=10:CH=10:LH=7724+(22*(RH)+CH):POK
ELH,H:POKELH+OF,2:NRH=10:NCH=10
GOSUB11&&:"l FRC < T 2 THENGOTflHii/ K
37 tt>0 RF=INT(RND(1)*20) :CF=INT(RND(l)*21)
n $<% <m% LF=7724+(22*(RF)+CF):IF LF=LHTHEN:«i#
GOSUBI0%
PRINT"{HOME}{12 RIGHT}{RVS}{BLK}TIME
fl 100 GETA$
bf^ 210 IFA$="N"THEN NR=RH-1
^3 .21?- IFA$="S"THEN NR=RH+1
W 213 IFA$="E"THEN NC=CH+1
¥5 217 IFA$="W"THEN NC=CH-1
4(5-218 IFPEEK(197)=39THEJSf31f -
Y> 220 IFNC<0THENCH=0:NC=0:GOTO§10 ^'
IFNC>21THENCH=21:NC=21:GOTO20i( -
IFNR<0THENR=0:NR#
si 230 NL=7724+(22*(NR)+NC)
?i23S IFNL=LFTHEN3ji0
5^ 23S IFA$=""THEN2ai
?f 231 IFCO0THEN100 "-
S9 t3f IFPEEK(NL)<>0THENNR=RH:NC=CH:G©TO21I0
96 3@0 POKELH,SC:POKELH+OF,SL
r7 ^05 SC=PEEK(NL):SL=PEEK(NL+OF)
f% 3-10 POKENL,H:POKENL+OF,2
?<f 311 TT=TT+1:TC=TC+1
6^312 PRINT"{HOME}{12 RIGHT}{RVS}{BLK}TIME
="TT"{BLU}"
U 31S POKEV,15:POKESS+2,230:FORT=1TO50:NEX
T:POKESS+2,0:POKEV,0
U 315 A$=""
C3 320 CH=NC:RH=NR:LH=NL
&H 350 IFLH=LFTHEN##0;
IFTC=Tl-lTHENGOStJBftli0
360 IFTC=TlTHENGOSUB#li
370 GOSUBSIPS
375 IFTT=T4THENPOKEV,15:POKESS,200:FORT=
1TO1500:NEXT:POKEV,0:POKESS,0
IFTT=T4THENPRINT"{HOME}{DOWN} {RVS}
{PUR}YOU LOSE I1{BLU}":POKELF,30:POKE
LF+OF,2:FORT=1TO8000:NEXT:©OTOf! ; :
125
4 Brain
Testers
1 f S0&
?( 5#f iPRINT"{HOME}{RVS}{PUR}**READING**
{BLU}":POKEV,15:POKESS+2,220:PORT=1T
01500:NEXT:POKESS+2,0:POKEV,0
>* 501 PRINT" {HOME} {11 SPACES} " :GOSU§pp&0
7 ? 502 RK=INT (RND (1) *10): IFRK=5THEN^§§
7f 503 IFRH>RFTHENPRINT"{HOME}{RVS} NORTH
{5 RIGHT}"
75" 505 IPRH<RFTHENPRINT" {HOME} {RVS} SOUTH
{5 RIGHT}"
>6 507 ifrh=rfthenprint"{home} {wht}{rvs}
{5 RIGHT}{OFF}{BLU}{5 SPACES}"
77 510 IFCH>CFTHENPRINT"{HOME}{RVS}
{7 RIGHT}WEST"
7% 515 IFCH<CFTHENPRINT"{HOME}{RVS}
{7 RIGHT}EAST"
7? 517 IFCH=CFTHENPRINT"{H0ME}{7 RIGHT}
{WHT}{RVS}{4 RIGHT}{OFF}{BLU}"
1& S|f TC=0
$\ If! IFCO1THEN5^0&^
n 520 IFABS(CH-CF)<3ANDABS(RH-RF)<3THENCC=
1
*? 525 IFCC=lTHEN#i0-
W 527 GOTO550|
$5 if# POKEV,15:FORX=1TO5:POKESS,250:FORT=1
TO100:NEXTT:POKESS,0:FORT=1TO25:NEXT
T:NEXTX
££.§35 IFCC=1THENPRINT" {HOME} {DOWN}
{12 RIGHT}{BLK}{RVS}OUT OF CAR{BLU}"
:CC=CC+1:H=36:POKELH,H
*7 <§p RETURN
iff @00 PRINT " { HOME } { DOWN} { RED } { RVS }
{12 RIGHT}FOX FOUND1{BLU}":CC=0
tf 902 POKELF,30:POKELF+OF,6
<fO 905 QQSJJW&î^lS'
^1 907 P0KELF,i'6
\l 910 FORT=lTO5000:NEXT:GOTOt®
^5 l;0@ POKEV, 15 :READNS,DS:IFNS=-1THENPOKEV
,0:RESTORE:RETURN
M1010 POKESS+1,NS:POKESS+2,NS:FORT=1TODS*
100:NEXT:POKESS+1,0:POKESS+2,0
126
Brain
■rasters 4
<?6 1030 DATA223,1,230,1,234,1,223,1, 230,1,2

34,1,223,1,230,1,234,1,0,4
%] 1040 DATA231,2,230,1,0,2,230,2,227,1,0,2
227 2 223 4 —1 0
<?# »#f' RB=INT(RND(1)*20*21)+7724:IPPEEK(RB
)=0THENPOKERB,32:RC=RC+1
f^ 1110 RETURN
M00 MR=((INT(RND(1)*3))-1)*T3:MC=((INT(
RND(1)*3))-1)*T3
101 1210 RF=RF+MR:CF=CF+MC
1212 IFRF<0THENRF=0
1214 IFRF>20THENRF=20
/otf 1216 IFCF<0THENCF=0
^51218 IFCF>21THENCF=21
LF=7724+(22*(RF)+CF):IF LF
(^ /<?7l240 RETURN
O 127
Brain
Ttesters
Pharaoh's
Treasure
Clark and Kathryn H. Kidd
"Pharaoh's Treasure" offers the user of the Unexpanded VIC an

adventure game that you would expect only on computers with more
memory. The adventure takes practice and it helps to create a map of
the tomb.
The Legend of the Treasure

You are in the middle of mysterious Egypt, standing at the
entrance to the pyramid tomb of King Ramus IV. Deep within
the pyramid is a golden sarcophagus. If you can find it, you
will be rich beyond your wildest dreams.
Although many others have sought the treasure, no ex
plorer has ever returned from the tomb. Rumors claim the
pyramid is a maze of passages, some of which run in circles
or lead to dead ends.
Hieroglyphics at the pyramid entrance warn of five deadly
perils awaiting those who would violate the sanctity of the
tomb. No clue is given in the warning about the five perils,
but you need to arm yourself against them if you can.
Previous explorers have left various tools strewn along the
passageways of the tomb. If you find one of these tools, it
may help you bypass a peril and reach the treasure. If you
run into a danger for which you have no tool, you must turn
around and go back.
Local tradition has told you one of the five perils of the
tomb is the Cat of the Golden Sarcophagus, a magical statue
that was placed on the sarcophagus to guard Pharaoh Ramus
IV. A previous explorer moved the cat from its original loca
tion, so it may not be near the sarcophagus. The Cat of the
Golden Sarcophagus is a fearful peril, but you may get
around it with the proper tool.
Although you may be saved from the Cat of the Golden
Sarcophagus, nothing can save you from the Pharaoh's Curse.
128
Brain
Testers 4
If the planets are in the proper positions and the desert

sands blow just right, the curse of the Pharaoh may fall upon
you. If you receive the Pharaoh's Curse, four things will
happen:
• You will be covered with a cloud of orange smoke and
banished to a random location within the tomb.
• If you have not yet found the treasure, the golden sar
cophagus will be transported to a new location.
• All tools you have not yet found will be moved to new
locations.
• All perils you have not yet encountered will be moved
to new locations.
This adventure becomes easier when you create a map to help

you locate the treasure.
How to Play
The game begins at a secret tomb entrance. Remember where
you enter the pyramid, for you will have to leave by the same
opening. To move, press Fl for north, F3 for south, F5 for
east, and F7 for west. You may want to make a map of the
tomb so you will avoid backtracking as well as be able to
find your way out again.
You're looking for the Golden Sarcophagus; as soon as
you find the treasure, all you need to do to win is leave the
tomb. Any tools you find along the way will count as a
129
4 Brain
Testers
bonus. Any perils you encounter without the proper tool to

counteract them will subtract from your score. If you find sev
eral tools on your way to the treasure, you may want to stay
in the tomb after reaching the Golden Sarcophagus to find
the perils for those tools and add to your score.
Besides choosing a direction to move, you have two other
things you can do. Press C to cause the Pharaoh's Curse to
fall upon you. This is a last resort, to redistribute all the ob
jects in the tomb if a peril for which you don't have a tool
guards the only entrance to the treasure.
If you think you've looked everywhere and just can't find
the sarcophagus, press O to end the game. The treasure is
there, however, even if you haven't found it. But it's no
disgrace to lose; Egyptologists have been searching for the
Golden Sarcophagus for centuries without success. Maybe
you'll succeed on your next trip inside the pyramid.
Scoring
Although the object of the treasure hunt is to escape the
tomb with the Golden Sarcophagus, scores are provided so
players may compare their skills:
500 points for entering the tomb.
500 points for finding the treasure.
500 points for escaping the tomb with the treasure.
100 points for finding a tool.
50 points for finding a peril and having the correct tool.
-100 points for getting the Pharaoh's Curse.
-25 points for finding a peril without the correct tool.
-5 points for each minute spent in the tomb.
-1 point for each turn taken.
Any player with a score of 2000 or better should be given
the respect due an expert Egyptologist.
Program 4-8: Pharaoh's Treasure
5 DIMCP%(3,3)
10 CT%=828:Z$=CHR$(13):PRINT"{CLR}{RED}
{DOWN}WELCOME TO {2 DOWN} M
15 PRINTM{3 DOWN}"SPC(8)"{BLK}T H EIIZ$11
{3 DOWN}IISPC(2)"P H A R A O H ' S"Z$
16 PRINT" {2 DOWN}IISPC(3)IIT R E A S U R E
130
Brain
Testers 4
17 LV=36878:V1=36874:V2=36875:V3=36876
20 FORX=0TO189:READN%:POKECT%+X,N%:NEXT
25 FORX=0TO5:READX$,Y$:PT$(X)=X$:TT$(X)=
Y$:TT%(X)=0:NEXT:TU%=0
60 GOSUB600:L%=1:SC%=500:MS=TI/60:QQ%=IN
T(RND(1)*4)
62 FORX=0TO3:READX$:CP$(X)=X$:NEXT
65 GOSUB400
66 FORX=0TO3:FORY=0TO3:READX%:CP%(X, Y) =X
%:NEXT:NEXT
70 X%=((L%-1)*5)+CT%:N%=PEEK(X%):S%=PEEK
(X%+l):E%=PEEK(X%+2)
75 W%=PEEK(X%+3):P%=PEEK(X%+4):T%=0
80 IFP%>5THENT%=P%-5:P%=0
85 IFP%=0THEN125
86 IFTT%(P%-1)=2THEN125
90 PRINT"{CLR}{3 DOWN}{RED}LOOK! UP AHEA
D! —{2 DOWN}"Z$"A "PT$(P%-1)". {2 DOWN}"
95 IFTT%(P%-1)=0THEN105
100 PRINT"BUT YOU HAVE A{2 DOWN}"Z$TT$(P
%-l)"{2 DOWN}"Z$"AND MAY CONTINUE.
{BLK}":Z=0:SC%=SC%+50
103 TT%(P%-1)=2:GOTO120
105 PRINT"YOU DON'T HAVE{2 DOWN}"Z$"THE
PROPER TOOL,{2 DOWN}"Z$"SO YOU MUST
GO BACK.{BLK}"
110 L%=PL%:Z=l:SC%=SC%-25
120 GOSUB400
123 IFZ=1THENGOTO70
125 IFT%<>7ORTT%(5)=0THEN150
130 PRINT"{CLR}{GRN}{DOWN}CONGRATULATION
S1 I 111{2 DOWN}"Z$" YOU ESCAPED
{2 DOWN}"Z$"{2 SPACESjWITH THE TREAS
UREIt"
140 PRINTSPC(2)"{2 DOWN}{RVS}{RED}Y 0 U
{4 SPACESjW O N{OFF}{BLU}{2 DOWN}":S
C%=SC%+500:GOTO380
150 IFT%=0ORT%=7THEN200
155 IFTT%(T%-1)>0THEN200
160 TT%(T%-1)=1:PRINT"{CLR}{3 DOWNjLOOKt
ON THE GROUND —{DOWN}"Z$"A "TT?(T%
-1)"1{2 DOWN}"
131
Brain
Testers
170 PRINT"WE'LL SAVE IT.":SC%=SC%+100:IF

T%=6THENSC%=SC%+400
180 GOSUB400
200 GOTO500
201 IFN%>0THENX=0:GOSUB700
202 IFS%>0THENX=1:GOSUB700
204 IFE%>0THENX=2:GOSUB700
206 IFW%>0THENX=3:GOSUB700
207 TU%=TU%+1
210 PRINT"{DOWN}{BLU}DIRECTION?{BLK}"
215 GETX?
220 IFX$>CHR$(132)ANDX$<CHR$(137)THEN280
255 IFX$="Q"THEN370
257 IFX$="C"THEN505
260 IFX$<>""THEN210
270 GOTO215
280 X=ASC(X$)-133:Y=0
285 IFX=CP%(QQ%,Y)THEN290
287 Y=Y+1:GOTO285
290 ONY+1GOTO300,305,310,315
300 X%=N%:GOTO350
305 X%=S%:GOTO350
310 X%=E%:GOTO350
315 X%=W%
350 IFX%=0THENPRINT"DEAD END.":GOTO200
360 PRINT"OK/"CP$(X)".":PL%=L%:L%=X%:GOT
070
370 PRINT"{CLR}{2 DOWNHBLKJSO SORRY THA
T Y0U"Z$"{2 DOWN}COULDN'T FIND YOUR"
Z$"{2 DOWNjWAY OUT.{2 DOWN}"
380 X%=INT(((Tl/60)-MS)/60)*5:SC%=SC%-X%
-TU%
385 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{BLU}YOU USED"TU%"TURN
S. "
390 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{BLU}YOUR SCORE IS"SC%
392 INPUT"{2 DOWN}PLAY AGAIN? (Y/N)";X$

394 IFX$="N"THENEND
396 IFX$<>"Y"THEN392
398 RESTORE:GOTO10
400 X%=INT(RND(l)*7+5)
402 FORX=1TOX%:POKELV,X:Y=INT(RND(1)*50+
132
Brain
Testers 4
128):P0KEV2,Y:P0KEV3,128:P0KEV1,Y-50
404 FORY=1TO350:NEXTY
408 NEXTX:POKELV,0
409 POKEV1,0:POKEV2,0:POKEV3,0
410 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{3 SPACES}(PRESS ANY K
EY)"
415 GETD?:IFD?=""THEN415
420 PRINT"{CLR}":RETURN
500 X%=INT(RND(1)*500+1):IFX%>2THEN201
505 SC%=SC%-100:GOSUB600
510 X%=INT(RND(1)*38+l):Y%=PEEK(((X%-1)*
5)+4+CT%)
515 IFY%<>0THEN510
520 L%=X%:PRINT"{CLR}{PUR}{DOWN}H O R R
O R S I U"Z$"{DOWN}YOU HAVE BECOME A
"Z$"{DOWN}VICTIM OF THE AWFUL"
530 PRINT"{DOWN}''PHARAOH'S CURSE''"Z$"
{DOWNjAND WILL BE BANISHED"Z$"{DOWN}
TO AN UNKNOWN PART"
540 PRINT"{DOWN}OF THE TOMBI 11{BLK}":GOS
UB400:GOTO70
600 FORX=1TO37:POKECT%+4+(X*5),0:NEXT
630 X%=INT(RND(l)*19+19):N%=(X%*5)+4+CT%
:POKEN%/11
635 FORX=1TO10
640 X%=INT(RND(1)*37+1):N%=(X%*5)+4+CT%:
S%=PEEK(N%)
645 IFS%<>0THEN640
650 POKEN%,X:NEXT:RETURN
700 Y%=CP%(QQ%,X):X$=CP$(Y%):PRINT" YOU
MAY GO "X$".":RETURN
901 DATA0,10,4,2,12,0,11,1,3,0,0,0,2,0,0
,0,9,5,1,0,0,7,6,4,0
903 DATA0,0,0,5,0,5,14,8,0,0,0,0,0,7,0,4
,16,0,10,0,1,13,9,0,0
905 DATA2,18,0,12,0,0,0,11,0,0,10,0,0,0,
0,7,0,27,15,0,0,26,14,16,0
906 DATA9,0,15,17,0,0,20,16,18,0,11,38,1
7,19,0,0,0,18,0,0,17,21,25,0,0
907 DATA20,33,0,23,0,0,23,37,38,0,22,34,
21,24,0,38,35,23,36,0,31,30,32,20,0
909 DATA15,0,28,29,0,0,0,0,14,0,0,0,0,26
133
a Brain
Testers
,0,0,0,26,0,0,25,0,0,0,0
911 DATA0,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,25,0,21,0,0,0,0
,23,0,0,0,0,24,0,0,0,0
913 DATA0,0,24,0,0,0,0,0,22,0,18,24,22,0
,0,"DEEP PIT",LOG,"QUICKSAND POOL",R
OPE
915 DATA"ROCK SLIDE",SHOVEL,"GUARDIAN CA
T","SACRED AMULET"
917 DATA"LOCKED DOOR",KEY,X,"*GOLD SARCO
PHAGUS *",NORTH,SOUTH,EAST,WEST
920 DATA0,1,2,3,1,0,3,2,2,3,1,0,3,2,0,1
134
Scrolling
5
Grand Prix foo

Mark Vittek
This game uses scrolling to create the effect of driving. It takes prac
tice to play well.
"Grand Prix Fbo" uses scrolling to create the effect of driving

on a highway. Unlike most interstate highways, though, this
roadway is curved and winding. Your job as driver is to nego
tiate the curves without running off the road. If you are dar
ing, and you think driving on a curvy road is too easy, you
always have the option of adding potholes.
For more of a challenge, you can play "Money Foo/' Here
you not only negotiate the road, but also attempt to gather
money bags as you go along. In both games, you use a joy
stick to turn, accelerate, and brake.
Test your driving skill with "Grand Prix Foo."
Grand Prix Foo consists of two programs chained togeth

er. Type in and Sj<WE Program 5-1 to tape. Then immediately
following it, type in and SAVE Program 5-2 on the same tape.
Once both programs are SAVEd, rewind the tape and LOAD
137
5 Scrolling
Program 5-1. Program 5-1 will run Program 5-2 at the proper
time. Just be sure to leave the play button pressed until Pro
gram 5-2 is running.
Program 5-1. Grand Prix Foo instructions

1 POKE36879,26:PRINT"{CLR}{RVS}{RED}
{2 SPACES}GRAND PRIX FOO{6 SPACES}"
10 PRINT"{DOWN}{BLK} TO DRIVE, YOU MUST
{4 SPACES}USE THE JOYSTICK.":GOTO100
20 PRINT"{DOWN} PULL DOWN TO{7 SPACES}
{2 RIGHT} ACCELERATE{12 SPACES}PUSH U
P TO{12 SPACES}BRAKE"
30 PRINT"{DOWN} THE FARTHER DOWN THE
{2 SPACES}ROAD YOU GO, THE MORE POINT
S YOU EARN.{2 SPACES}"
35 PRINT"{PUR}{DOWN} WAIT WHILE I LOAD T
HE{2 SPACES}RACE TRACK.{BLK}"
40 PRINT"{DOWN}{RIGHT}{RVS}GOOD LUCK
{WHT}"
50 POKE198,5:POKE631,78:POKE632,69:POKE6
33,87:POKE634,13:POKE635,131:END
100 X=28:POKE52,X:POKE56,X:POKE51,PEEK(5
5):C=256*PEEK(52)+PEEK(51):FORI=CTOC
+511
101 POKEI,PEEK(I+32768-C):NEXT:
102 READJ:IFJ=-1THEN200
103 POKE7168+H,255-J:H=H+1:GOTO102
200 FORT=0TO7:READS:POKE7424+T,S:NEXT:CL
R:GOTO20
1000 DATA24,60,24,60,24,60,24,60,12,92,6
2,126,124,124,56,,255,127,63,31,15,
7,3,1,255,254
1001 DATA252,248,240,224,192,128,128,192
,224,240,248,252,254,255,1,3,7,15,3
1,63,127,255
1002 DATA,,,,,,,,102,126,102,24,24,90
1003 DATA126,90
1005 DATA24,24,255,255,24,24,24,24,255,1
18,227,239,227,251,98,52,24,24,126,
24,60,126,126
1020 DATA126,-!,,,,,,,,
138
Scrolling
Program 5-2. Grand Prix foo

1 X=-l:G=8:1=4:Z=36879:L=145:POKEZ,18:PO
KEZ-10,240
2 GOTO500
10 A=0:POKEP1+3,127:P=PEEK(P1+1)AND128:J
0=-(p=0):POKEPl+3,255:P=PEEK(Pl):Jl=-
((PAND8)=0)
11 J2=-((PAND16)=0):J 3=-((PAND4)=0)
12 POKEZ-4,0:IFJ2THENA=A-1
13 IFJ0THENA=A+1
15 IFJlTHENA=A+22:V=V+.5
16 IFJ3THENA=A-22:V=V-.5
20 IFB<-59ORB>451THEN700
25 POKEZ-3,L+V*2
100 L1=L1+1:L=L+.8:K=K+1:Q=Q+1+V:IFL>220
THENL=130+(RND(1)*20)
101 READS:IFS=99THENRESTORE:GOTO101
103 G=G+S:IFS=1THENC=67
104 IFS=1THENC=68:C1=66
105 IFS=-1THENC=67:C1=69
106 IFS=0THENC=64:C1=64
110 IFG<1THENG=1
111 IFG+I>18THENG=G-1
112 IFK=25THENK=0
113 IFK=K3THENPOKE8143-fG+ (RND (1) *I) , 9
114 POKE7734+B,6:B=B+A:IFK=K1THENK=0:X=R
ND(1)*I:P0KE8143+G+X,1
115 PRINTTAB(G) " {YEL} "CHR$ (C) "{WHT}11; : FO
RT=0TOI:PRINT"F";:NEXT:PRINT"{YEL}"C
HR$(Cl)"{WHT}n
116 J=PEEK(7734+B):IFJ<6ORJ=32THEN700
117 JJ=10:IFJlTHENJJ=PEEK(7734+B-22):IFJ
J<6THEN700
118 IFJ=9ORJJ=9THENM=M+1:POKE7712+B,8:PO
KE38432+B,(RND(3)*3)+3:POKEZ-4#(RND(
5)*100)+150
120 POKE7 734-HB/7:GOTO10
500 PRINT11 {CLR} {RED} {5 SPACES} *WELCOME T
O*{8 SPACES}*GRAND PRIX FOO*
{3 SPACES}======================";
501 PRINT"{2 SPACES}TRY YOUR RACING
139
5 Scrolling
{6 SPACES}SKILL ON THE TUBE

{3 SPACES}":1=5
502 PRINT"{RVSHbLKHDOWN} HOW WIDE DO Y
OU WANT{2 SPACES}THE TRACK (1 TO 5)"
:INPUT"{2 RIGHT}";I:IFI>5ORI<1THEN50
0
510 Pl=37151.-PRINT"{PUR}{DOWN}{RVS}
{DOWN}DO YOU WANT DANGEROUS
{3 SPACES}{OFF} POT HOLES ?"
511 GETA$:IFA$="Y"THEN520
512 IFA$="N"THENK1=-1:GOTO530
513 GOTO511
520 Kl=8:PRINT"{DOWN}{RVS}{BLK} WHAT POT
HOLE LEVEL{4 SPACES} ": INPUT'1
{2 RIGHT}";K1:K1=K1*2
525 IFKK5ANDK1>=0THEN550
530 PRINT"{2 DOWN}{RVS}{BLU} DO YOU WANT
TO PLAY{3 SPACES}{OFF}MONEY
{2 SPACES}FOO ?"
531 GETA$:IFA$="Y"THENK3=5:GOTO550
532 IFA$="N"THENK3=-1:GOTO550
533 GOTO531
550 PRINT"{CLR}{BLU} PRESS ANY KEY TO GO
{2 SPACES}":
557 PRINT"{HOME}{RVS}{5 DOWN} COUNTDOWN"
:FORT=9TO1STEP-.05:PRINT"{HOME}{PUR}
{6 DOWN}{11 LEFT}{RVS}"INT(T):NEXT
600 POKEZ-10,255:FORT=0TO20:POKE7734,7:P
RINTTAB(8)"{YEL}@";:FORY=0TOI:PRINT"
F";:NEXT
610 PRINT"@":NEXT:POKEZ,104:POKEZ-1,10:G
OTO10
700 POKEZ-3,0:FORD=12TO0STEP-1
701 READS:IFS=99THENRESTORE:GOTO701
702 G=G+S:POKEZ-2,130+(RND(3)*120):POKEZ
,8:POKE7734+B,6:B=B+22:IFB+7734=>812
0THEND=0
703 IFG<1THENG=1
704 IFG+I>18THENG=G-1
705 PRINTTAB(G)"{RED}"CHR$(C)"{WHT}";:FO
RT=0TOI:PRINT"F";:NEXT:PRINT"{RED}"C
HR$(C)"{WHT}"
140
Scrolling
707 POKE7734+B-22,6:PQKE7734+B,7:POKEZ,D
*8:NEXT:POKE7734+B,8
720 FORT=15TO0STEP-.03:POKEZ-1,T:POKEZ-2
,143:NEXT:POKEZ,110:POKEZ-1,0
740 FORT=1TO1500:NEXT:POKEZ-10,240
750 PRINT"{CLR}{WHT}{2 DOWN} YOU WENT "I
NT(L1/23)"{LEFT} MILES":PRINT" YOU E
ARNED"INT(Q/10)"POINTS"
751 POKEZ-2#0:IFK3>0THENPRINT"{DOWN} YOU
GOT"M"MONEYBAGS"
755 PRINT"{2 DOWN} DO YOU WANT TO START
{2 SPACES}OVER {RVS}(ENTER Y IF SO.)
it
756 PRINT" OR C TO CONTINUE":POKEZ-2,0

760 INPUTA$:IFA$ ="Y"THENRUN
761 IFA$="C"THENPRINT"{CLR}":G=8:B=0:V=0
:GOTO557
762 END
1000 DATA,,, ,,1,1,1,1,1,1,,,-1,-1,,-1,-1
,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,,,
1001 DATA,1,1,1,1,1,,-1,-1,,-1,-1,1,1,1,
"-1#<~1#-"1/->"1#~ 1,-1,-1,-1,, , — 1, — 1, ,1,
1,1,1,,,1,1,99
141
Dexterity
6
Thunderbird
Dave Sanders
Fast action is what youil get when you play "Thunderbird!' Try it
and see if you're skilled enough to keep the satellite from flying past
the Thunderbird.
"Thunderbird" will demand your undivided attention and all

of the memory the unexpanded VIC-20 has to offer. The ob
ject of Thunderbird is to score as high as possible. The high
score will be kept from game to game. The scoring is as fol
lows: 200 points for taking out a tree, 50 points for taking out
a saucer, 75 points for deflecting off either wing of the Thun
derbird, 25 points for deflecting off the main body of the
Thunderbird, and 1000 points for breaking out the bottom of
the playing field. When the satellite drops into a well, 125
points are subtracted from the score.
You score these points by keeping the satellite in the play
ing field. The satellite can break out the top and the bottom
of the screen. When it breaks out the bottom, you score 1000
points, and a new and more difficult playing field is set up
for you. If the satellite breaks out the top of the field, your
game is half over. You can lose only two satellites out the top.
You prevent the satellite from breaking out the top by deflect
ing it back into the field with the Thunderbird. The Thunder
bird is moved across the top of the field with the cursor con
trol keys.
The display on the right side of the screen tells you if you
are playing the first or second satellite. When the satellite
drops into a well, the Thunderbird lasers down from one to
three multicolored saucers to further hinder the satellite from
breaking out the bottom. You will notice that the Thunderbird
deflects the satellite one way off its main body and a different
way off its wings. You have to keep the Thunderbird moving
across the screen in conjunction with the direction the satel
lite is moving, or you will not play for very long.
With a little practice, the first breakout is not too hard.
The second breakout will not be out of reach either, but no
145
6 Dexterity
one in our neighborhood has broken out the third time. Just
in case you are a whiz though, the game will continue to get
harder.
Typing in Thunderbird
Thunderbird uses almost all the memory of the unexpanded
VIC. So, in order to get Thunderbird to fit into memory, a
technique called "crunching"' is used (see below). Thus it is
necessary, when typing in this program, to use keyword ab
breviations. These can be found in Appendix D of Personal
Computing on the VIC-20 which comes with each VIC.
Crunching it into the VIC

You can pack more instructions — and power — into your
BASIC programs by making each program as short as
possible.
Crunching programs lets you squeeze the maximum pos
sible number of instructions into your program. It also helps
you reduce the size of programs which might not otherwise
run in a given size.
Using keyword abbreviations is helpful when you pro
gram because you can actually crowd more information on
each line by using these abbreviations. In this program it is
mandatory to use this technique on many of the lines when
you type them in. The most frequently used abbreviation in
this program is PO (P shifted-O) which is the BASIC abbrevi
ation for the POKE command. However, if you LIST a pro
gram that has abbreviations, the VIC-20 will automatically
print out the listing with the full-length keywords.
If any program line exceeds 88 characters (four lines on
the screen) with the keywords unabbreviated, and you want
to change it, you will have to re-enter that line with the ab
breviations before saving the program.
SiWEing a program incorporates the keywords without in
flating any lines because BASIC keywords are tokenized by
the VIC-20. Usually, abbreviations are added after a program
is written and do not have to be LISTed any more before
SAVEing.
REM statements are helpful in reminding yourself — or
showing other programmers — what a particular section of a
program is doing. However, when the program is completed
146
Dexterity
6
and ready to use, you probably will not need those REM
statements any more; you can save quite a bit of space by re
moving them. If you plan to revise or study the program
structure in the future, it is a good idea to keep a copy on file
with the REM statements intact.
"Thunderbird" for the VIC requires fast reflexes.
Following is a list of REM statements that would have

been in my program if there had been room.
Program
Lines Description
4-17 Routine to set up playing field.
25-26 Subroutine for printing score.
50-54 Routine for making game more difficult.
55-59 Routine for displaying instructions and a short
game.
65-80 Routine for firing laser and starting satellite back at

a random location.
85 Routine for the graphics when satellite takes out
saucers.
90-91 Routine for sounds and points on breakout.

95-98 Routine for sounds and colors on losing satellite
out the top of the field.
100-103 Routine for moving Thunderbird across screen.
104-118 This section moves satellite and has all the PEEKs
for the other routines in the program.
147
6 Dexterity
One of the easiest ways to reduce the size of your pro

gram is to eliminate all the spaces. Although programmers
often include spaces in sample programs to provide clarity,
you actually do not need any spaces in your program and
will save memory if you eliminate them.
Instead of PRINTing several cursor commands to position
a character on the screen, it is often more economical to use
the TAB and SPC instructions to position words or characters
on the screen. Well, that's enough on "crunching/' You can
find these and many other useful instructions in the VIC-20
Programmer's Reference Guide published by Commodore.
On line 68 a couple of saucers are lasered down by the
Thunderbird. The screen code POKEd for the saucers is the
same as all the other saucers, but they certainly look differ
ent. This effect is achieved by POKEing a nine into the color
code location for these saucers. POKEing a color location with
a number above eight will switch that location into multicolor
mode. You can get some very interesting shapes and colors by
using multicolor.
In lines four through seven, the (Q) is the ball graphic,
and the (W) is the circle.
Program 6-1. Thunderbird

2 VD=36874:F=125:OX=30742:OF=30720:Pl=l:
L=l:SC=0:HI=0:K=1:M=7703:RS=1:VA=VD+2:
C=VA+3
4 PRINT"{CLR}":POKEC,105:FORR=1TO17:PRIN
T:NEXT;PRINT"{YEL}QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQ{WHT}W{YEL}QQQQQQQQQQ1WHT)W
{YEDQQQQQ"
5 PRINT"t WHT}{UP}QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ"
6 PRINT"j CYN)i UP J QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ"
7 PRINT"i PUR iIUP}QQ1WHT}W{PUR}QQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ{WHT}W{PURTQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQ"
8 FORR=8142TO8186:POKER,65:NEXT:J=87:G=8
1z FORR=38423TO38442:POKER,7:NEXT:POKE3
6878,15
9 FORR=38863TO38882:POKER,5:NEXT:FORR=38
148
Dexterity
6
885TO38904:POKER,5:NEXT:POKE8165,J:POK
E8168,J:POKE8171,J
10 POKE8178,J:POKE8181,J:POKE8184,J:FORR
=7987TO8141STEP22:POKER+OF,1:NEXT:FOR
R=7680TO8164STEP22
11 READA:POKER,A:NEXT:FORR=7701TO8185STE
P22:READA:POKER,A:NEXT:FORR=7681TO770
0:READA:POKER,A:NEXT
12 FORR=7966TO8120STEP22:POKER+OF,1:NEXT
:RESTORE:IFP1=>2THEN50
13 PRINTSPC(6)"{RVS}{WHT}{22 UP}"SC:POKE
7686,189:PRINTSPC(14)"{RVS}{WHT}{UP}"
HI:POKE7694,189
14 X=l:Y=l:DX=1:DY=1:POKEM+1,85:POKEM+2,
88:POKEM+3,73:IFRS=1THENRS=RS+1:GOTO5
5
15 IFTT=500THENTT=1:X=l2:L=l:SC=0:PRINT"
{HOME}{7 RIGHT}{RVS}{5 SPACES}":GOTO1
04
16 IFLO2THEN104
17 POKE7767,147:POKE7789,133:POKE7811,13
1:POKE7833,143:POKE7855,142:POKE7877,
132:GOTO104
25 PRINTSPC(6)"{UP}{RVS}"SC:POKE7686,189
:IFSOHITHENHI=SC:PRINTSPC(14) "{RVS}
{UP}"HI:POKE7694,189
26 RETURN
50 FORR=7945TO7964:POKER,G:NEXT:POKE8059
,J:POKE8070,J:FORR=7945TO7964:POKER+O
F,7:NEXT
51 IFP1=>3THENPOKE8012,J:POKE8029,J
54 GOTO13
55 POKE7754,8:POKE7755,9:POKE7756,20:POK
E7799,153:POKE7840,20:POKE7841,15:POK
E7843,16:POKE7844,12
56 POKE7845,1:POKE7846,25:POKEM+1,85:POK
EM+2,88:POKEM+3,73:POKE7 783,42:POKE79
03,21:POKE7904,19:POKE7905,5
57 POKE7907,3:POKE7908,21:POKE7909,18:PO
KE7910,19:POKE7911,15:POKE7912,18:POK
149
6 Dexterity
E7914,11:POKE7915,5
58 POKE7916,25:POKE7917,19:POKE7925,6:PO
KE7926,15:POKE7927/18:POKE7929,18:POK
E7930,9:POKE7931,7
59 POKE7932,8:POKE7933,20:POKE7935,38:PO
KE7937,12;POKE7938,5:POKE7939,6:POKE7
940,20
60 GETA$:IFA$="Y"THENSC=0:L=1:GOTO4
61 IFA$<>="Y"THENPOKEVA,0:TT=TT+1:IFTT=5
00THEN4
62 GOTO60
65 SC=SC-F:G=M+2:IFHI=SC+FTHENHI=HI-F
66 POKEG+22,77:POKEC, 10:POKEG+OF+22,1:G=
G+22
67 IFPEEK(G+22)=81ORPEEK(G+22)=65THENPOK
EG,81:POKEG+OF,9:GOTO7 2
68 IFPEEK(G+22)=87THENPOKEG,81:POKEG-22,
81:G=G-2 2:POKEG+OF,9:POKEG+OX,9:GOTO7
4
69 IFG>8185THENPOKEG, 81: POKEG+OF, 9 :GOTO7
2
70 IFPEEK(G)=77THENPOKEG+22,78:POKEG+22+
OF,1:G=G+22:GOTO67
71 GOTO66
72 IFPEEK(G-1)=32THENPOKEG-1,81:POKEG-1+
OF, 9
73 IFPEEK(G+l)=32THENPOKEG+1,81:POKEG+1+
OF, 9
74 POKEG-22,32:G=G-22:IFPEEK(G-22)=88THE
N76
75 GOTO74
76 FORR=255TO128STEP-.9:POKEVA,R:NEXT:PO
KEVA,0
77 X=INT(RND(1)*18)+1:DY=1:Y=l:DX=1:IFX=
>11THENDX=-DX
78 IFX=<12THENDX=+DX
79 IFDX=>50THENDX=1
80 GOSUB25:FORR=1TO750:POKEC,105:GOTO105
85 POKEBD,91:POKEBD,90:DX=+DX:DY=-DY:POK
EBD,91:GOSUB25:POKEBD,32:GOTO105
90 FORR=1TO15:FORW=250TO240STEP-1:POKEVA
,W:NEXT:FORW=240TO250:POKEVA,W:NEXT:P
150
Dexterity
6
OKEVA,0:NEXT:P1=P1+1
91 FORR=1TO100:SC=SC+10 s POKEVA,245:GOSUB
25:FORW=1TO10:NEXT:POKEVA,0:NEXT:GOTO
4
95 IFL>1THENP1=1:FORR=0TO255:POKEC,R:POK
EVA,INT(RND(0)*128+127):NEXT:POKEC,10
5:POKEVA,0:GOTO55
96 IFL<3THENL=L+K:POKE7767,147:POKE7789,
133:POKE7811,131:POKE7833,143:POKE785
5,142:POKE7877,132:X=17
97 DX=1:Y=l:DY=1:POKEC,47:FORR=1TO28:REA
DA:POKEVA,A:POKEC,A:FORW=1TO50:NEXTW,
R
98 POKEVA,0:RESTORE:POKEC,105:DX=-DX:DY=
+DY:GOTO104
100 IFM<7703THEN104
101 POKEM,85:POKEM+1,88:POKEM+2,73:POKEM
+3,32:M=M-1:GOTO104
102 IFM>7718THEN104
103 POKEM+2,85:POKEM+3,88:POKEM+4,73:POK
EM+1,32:M=M+1
104 POKEBO,32:BO=7703+X+22*Y:POKEBO,42
105 X=X+DX:IFX=0ORX=19THENDX=-DX:POKEVA,
240
106 Y=Y+DY:IFY=-1THEN95
107 IFY=22THEN90
108 IFDX=0THENDX=1
109 POKEVA,0:POKEVD,0:BD=7703+X+22*Y
110 IFPEEK(BD)=32THEN116
111 POKEBO,32:IFPEEK(BD)=JTHEN65
112 IFPEEK(BD)=81THENPOKEVA,238:POKEVD,2
38:SC=SC+50:GOTO85
113 IFPEEK(BD)=65THENSC=SC+200:FORR=128T
O255STEP2:POKE36875,R:NEXT:POKE36875
,0:GOTO85
114 IFPEEK(BD)=85ORPEEK(BD)=73THENPOKEVA
,140:SC=SC+7 5:GOSUB2 5;DX=+DX:DY=-DY:
GOTO105
115 IFPEEK(BD)=88THENPOKEVA,212:SC=SC+25
:GOSUB25:DX=0:DY=-DY:GOTO105
116 IFPEEK(197)=31THEN100
117 IFPEEK(197)=23THEN102
151
6 Dexterity
118 GOTO104
125 DATA 218,218,218,218,160,148,136,149
,142,132,133,146,130,137,146,132,160
218 218 218
126 DATA218,218,218,218,218,218,218,134,
137,146,147,148,160,147,129,148,133,
140,140,137
127 DATA148,133,218,218,218,218,147,131,
143,146,133,160,160,160,160,160,160,
136,137,160
128 DATA160,160,160,160,160,160
152
Dexterity
6
Doug Ferguson
This game is a challenge to your dexterity. You may choose to juggle

two or three balls at once.
"Juggler" is a fast-action game I wrote when the idea of pro

gramming BASIC was very new to me. It has undergone
countless revisions since then, but the main loop (lines
860-970) remains what it was the first night I struggled.
The purpose of Juggler is to use the joystick to control the
arms of a cartoon juggler in his attempt to keep two or three
balls in the air. The juggler's hands move in tandem and can
be positioned to catch the three colored balls (inside, middle,
and outside). Since this game is not for the timid, it requires
a joystick because only game addicts know how to work
them.
A missed ball and the game is over in "Juggler"
The balls are as random as I could make them and, con

trary to the opinion of novice players, cannot land at the
catching stage at the same time. The most important playing
153
Dexterity
strategy is to make sure you hear the ball being caught before
you move the hand toward another catch. The game can be
slowed down merely by adding a few extra GOSUB 150 state
ments in the main loop, preferably at lines 860, 900, and 940.
The game will run on either the unexpanded or expanded
VIC-20. I would rather not explain how it all works, mainly
because it often follows inconsistent logic and layout. One
technical footnote for those curious enough to investigate the
program: instead of using zeros as values, I used a period (as
in Y = .) because I read somewhere that this is faster and still
zeros out the variable.
To start a game, push the joystick up or left for the three-
ball or two-ball games, respectively. To repeat the same game,
press the fire button, or move the stick to change games. If
you want to quit, hit Q.
program 6-2. Juggler

100 POKE36879,75:X=RND(-TI):Y=2:GOTO670
110 POKEV#15:POKEV-2,N:FORT=1TO10:NEXT:P
OKEV-2#0
120 O=O+1+ABS(C)*9
130 PRINTTAB(7)"{WHT}SCORE "O"{HOME}";:R
ETURN
140 DEFFNJ(X)=-((PEEK(37151)ANDX)=.):RET
URN
150 IFFNJ(16)ANDU=1THENGOSUB360
160 IFFNJ(16)ANDU=2THENGOSUB420
170 POKEG+2,127:Q=PEEK(G):POKEG+2,255
180 IFQ=119ANDU=1THENGOSUB4S0
190 IFQ=119ANDU=.THENGOSUB420
200 RETURN
210 IFPEEK(H)<64THEN330
220 RETURN
230 IFPEEK(H+2)<64THEN340
240 RETURN
260 RETURN
280 RETURN
300 RETURN
154
Dexterity
320 RETURN
330 POKEJ%(K-A),32:D=K-1:GOSUB630:GOTO54
0
340 POKEU%(L-B),32:D=L:GOTO540
350 POKEG%(M-C),32:D=M+1:GOSUB640:GOTO54
0
360 POKEH+2,32:POKEH+3, 32:POKEH-1,74:POK
EH,64:POKEH+1,75
370 POKEH+4,32:POKEH+5,32:POKEH+24,32:PO
KEH+23, 77:POKEH+25,32
3 80POKEH+14,3 2:POKEH+15,32:POKEH+11,74:
POKEH+12,64:POKEH+13,75
390 POKEH+16,32:POKEH+17,32:POKEH+37,32:
400 POKEH+187,77:POKEH+188,78:POKEH+209,
32:POKEH+181,103:POKEH+203,122:POKEH
+180,32:U=.
410 RETURN
420 POKEH+1,74:POKEH+2,64:POKEH+3,75:POK
EH,32:POKEH-1,32
430 POKEH+4,32:POKEH+5,32:POKEH+25,32:PO
KEH+23,32:POKEH+24,72
POKEH+12,32:POKEH+11,3 2
460 POKEH+181,103:POKEH+203,122:POKEH+18
7,101:POKEH+209,76:POKEH+188,32:POKE
H+180,32:U=1
470 RETURN
480 POKEH+3,74:POKEH+4,64:POKEH+5,75:POK
EH+2,32:POKEH+1,32
490 POKEH,32:POKEH-1,32:POKEH+25,78:POKE
H+23,32:POKEH+24,32
32:POKEH+187,101:POKEH+209,76:POKEH+
188,32:U=2
155
6 Dexterity
530 RETURN
540 GOSUB650:PRINTTAB(D)"{21 DOWN}{WHT}C
RASH{HOME}";:POKEV-1,N:POKE7954-SC,1
5:POKEH-36,34
550 FORT=15TO0STEP-1:POKEV,T:POKEV+1,PEE
K(V+1)AND248ORT
560 FORW=1TO100:NEXT:NEXT:POKEV-1,.:POKE
36879,75
570 PRINTTAB(7)"{YEL}{2 DOWN}GAME OVER
{DOWN}":POKEH-14,64:GOTO590
580 PRINT"{4 SPACES}{BLK}t{YEL} 3 BA
LLS { DOWN } " : PRINT " { 4 SPACES } { BLK } ■<
{YEL} 2 BALLS{DOWN}":PRINT"
{4 SPACES}PRESS {RVS}Q{OFP} TO QUIT"
:GOSUB140
590 GETA$:IFA$="Q"THENSYS65234
595 IFFNJ(32)ANDY<>2THENRESTORE:E=0:O=0:
GOTO710
600 IFFNJ(16)THENCLR:Y=1:GOTO700
610 IFFNJ(4)THENCLR:GOTO700
620 GOTO590
630 FORT=38884TOT+6:POKET-CO,7:NEXT:FORT
=38900TOT+6:POKET-CO,7:NEXT:RETURN
640 FORT=38884TOT+6:POKET-CO,6:NEXT:FORT
=38899TOT+6:POKET-CO,6:NEXT:RETURN
650 FORT=8165+DTOT+2:POKET-SC,123:NEXT
660 RETURN
670 PRINT"{CLR}{DOWN}{6 SPACES}{YEL}VIC
JUGGLER{WHT}"
680 PRINT"{3 DOWN}{3 RIGHTjUSE JOYSTICK
ONLY{4 DOWN}"
690 PRINT"{YEL}{4 RIGHTjCHOOSE GAME
{DOWN}":GOTO580
700 V=36878:H=7968:G=37152:DIMJ%(18),U%(
16),G%(13)
710 PRINT"{CLR}";:IFPEEK(36869)=192THENS
C=3584:CO=512
720 H=7968-SC:GOSUB140
730 FORX=8015TO8025:POKEX-SC,64:NEXT:POK
EX-6-SC104
740 POKEH-37,93:POKEH-35,93:POKEH+7,74:P
OKEH+9,75:POKEH+30,93:POKEH+118,102
750 POKEH-15,93:POKEH-13,93:POKEH-59,85:
156
Dexterity
6
POKEH-57,73
760 POKEH-36,114:POKEH-14,82:POKEH+8,114
:POKEH-58,64:POKEH+74,102
78:POKEH+164, 77:POKEH+96,102
780 GOSUB360
790 FORK=2TO16:READJ%(K):J%(K)=J%(K)-SC:
POKEJ%(K)+30720+SC-CO,7:NEXT
800 FORK=2TO14:READU%(K):U%(K)=U%(K)-SC:
NEXT
810 FORK=2TO12:READG%(K):G%(K)=G%(K)-SC:
POKEG%(K)+30720+SC-CO,6:NEXT
820 K=INT(RND(1)*8)+2:A=1
830 L=INT(RND(1)*7)+2:B=1
840 IFY=0THENM=INT(RND(1)*6)+2:C=l
850 IFO>49+450*ABS(C)THENE=1:Y=.
860 GOSUB150
870 N=220:IFK=17THENGOSUB270:A=-l:G0SUB1
10:K=15-E
880 IFK=1THENGOSUB210:A=l:GOSUB110:K=3+E
890 POKEJ%(K-A), 32:POKEJ%(K),81:K=K+A
900 GOSUB150
910 IFL=15THENGOSUB290:B=-1:GOSUB110:L=1
3-E
920 IFL=1THENGOSUB230:B=1:GOSUB110:L=3+E
930 POKEU%(L-B),32:POKEU%(L),81:L=L+B
940 GOSUB150
950 IFM=13THENGOSUB310:C=-1:GOSUB110:M=1
1-E
960 IFM=1THENGOSUB250:C=l:GOSUB110:M=3+E
970 POKEG%(M-C),32:POKEG%(M),81:M=M+C:IF
E=.THEN850
980 POKEJ%(K-3*A),32:POKEJ%(K-2*A),81
990 POKEU%(L-3*B)/32:POKEU%(L-2*B),81
1010 POKEG%(M-3*C)/32:POKEG%(M-2*C),81:G
OTO860
1020 DATA 7946,7902,7858,7815,7772,7730,
7710,7712,7714,7738,7784,7829,7874,
7918,7962
1030 DATA7948,7904,7860,7817,7774,7754,7
756,7758,7782,7827,7872,7916,7960
1040 DATA7950,7906,7862,7819,7798,7778,7
802,7825,7870,7914,7958
157
Dexterity
Frank J. Tyniw
77ns strategy game tests your mind as well as your hand/eye

coordination.
Playing "Deflector" is simple. A ball bounces from side to

side or from top to bottom of the screen. Pressing the left ar
row key above the control key will print a slash in front of
the ball's path, deflecting it 90 degrees. The Fl key will print
a backslash (\). Your goal is to deflect the ball into the
square targets, using as few slashes as possible to achieve the
highest score.
Scoring is ten points for every block hit, minus one point
for every slash used and minus five points for every slash on
the screen if you hit the panic button. The panic button is
the British pound sign (£). If you get too many slashes on
the screen or deflect yourself into a corner, hitting the panic
button will remove all slashes, subtract five points per slash,
and resume the game.
The subroutine at 63000 is a useful utility you may want
to include in other programs. When the program starts, it
asks "adjust screen? (y/n)". The screen will switch to a black
border and white background, and color bars for fine tuning
your set. The cursor control keys will move the entire screen
up, down, left, or right to adjust for your TV.
Press D when done adjusting, and the program asks if
you want instructions. Then it will ask for number of targets.
The program then will select random screen locations for the
targets (160-200). Lines 700-990 handle the score display and
rerun lines. Lines 4300-6210 are the sound routines. This pro
gram works on the Unexpanded VIC or with the 3K cartridge.
Suggested Modification
One way to improve your programming skills is to first try to
understand how a program works, and then try to modify or
improve it. Why not try to make some changes in Deflector?
For example, you could use programmable characters for the
158
Dexterity
6
"Deflector" requires quick thinking.
targets. The targets could be germs or political symbols, or in

stead of a ball you could use up, down, left, and right darts,
arrows, anything.
Don't be afraid to experiment. But first, type in and SAVE
Deflector as is. Then make the changes.
Program 6-3. Deflector

10 PRINT"{CLR}":TR=208:J=3:BC=36879:VO=B
C-l:S4=BC-2:S3=BC-3:S2=BC-4:Sl=BC-5
20 GOSUB63000:POKEBC,93:V=15
122 PRINT"{DOWN}INSTRUCTIONS? (Y/N)
123 GETV$:IFV$=IIMTHEN123
125 IFV$="YIITHENGOSUB1000
130 PRINT !I{CLR}HCHR$( 142)
140 K=0:T=0:CL=5
142 INPUT"{DOWN}HOW MANY TARGETS";J:J=AB
S(J)
144 IFJ>506THENPRINT"TOO MANY1":GOTO142
146 IFJ <10ORJ> 200THENPRINT"{DOWN}BRAVE,
AREN'T YOU?"
155 FORI=1TO1000:NEXT:PRINT"{CLR}":GOSUB
7000
157 SS=7680:SR=38400
159
6 Dexterity
160 FORI=1TOJ
170 A=INT(506*RND(1))
180 IFPEEK(SS+A)=TRTHEN170
185 POKES2,0:POKES3,0
190 POKESS+A,TR:POKESR+A,6:GOSUB4300
200 NEXTI
205 POKES2,0:POKES3,0
210 A=INT(506*RND(1))
230 U=A+SS
240 DI=1:IFRND(1)>.5THENDI=-1
300 GETX$
310 IFX$o""THEN600
320 NE=U+DI
330 IFABS(DI)=1THEN430
340 IFDI>0THEN380
350 IFNE<SSTHENDI=-DI:GOSUB6000:GOTO320
355 A=NE
360 IFPEEK(A)=77THENDI=-1:NE=NE-1
370 IFPEEK(A)=78THENDI=1:NE=NE+1
375 GOTO530
380 IFNE>SS+506THENDI=-DI:GOSUB6000:GOTO
320
390 A=NE
400 IFPEEK(A)=77THENDI=1:NE=NE+1
410 IFPEEK(A)=78THENDI=-1:NE=NE-1
420 GOTO530
430 IFDI>0THEN490
440 IFNE-22*INT(NE/22)=1THENDI=-DI:GOSUB
6200:GOTO320
450 A=NE
460 IFPEEK(A)=77THENDI=-22:NE=NE+DI
470 IFPEEK(A)=78THENDI=22:NE=NE+DI
480 GOTO530
490 IFNE-22*INT(NE/22)=2THENDI=-DI:GOSUB
6200:GOTO320
500 A=NE
510 IFPEEK(A)=77THENDI=22:NE=NE+DI
520 IFPEEK(A)=78THENDI=-22:NE=NE+DI
530 POKEU,32
540 IFPEEK(NE)=32THENPOKENE,81:U=NE:GOTO
300
550 IFPEEK(NE)=TRTHENK=K+1:SC=SC+10
160
Dexterity
6
552 IFPEEK(NE)=TRTHENGOSUB5000
555 POKENE,170:U=NE:FORI=1TO25:NEXT
560 IFK=JTHEN700
570 GOTO300
600 IFX$="VTHENA=78:GOTO630
610 IFX$="{Fl}"THENA=77:GOTO630
615 IFX$="fc"THENGOSUB2000
616 IFX$="Q"THEN990
620 GOTO320
625 GOSUB4600
630 IFPEEK(U+DI)=3 2THENP0KEU+DI,A:SL=SL+
1:SC=SC-1
640 GOTO300
700 REM
712 PRINT"{CLR}":POKEBC,125
715 IFSOHSTHENHS=SC: PRINT "{RVS} NEW ";
716 PRINT"HIGH SCORE:"HS"{LEFT} "
720 PRINT"{DOWN}IT TOOK"SL"SLASHES
730 PRINT"{DOWN}TO HIT"J"TARGETS"
905 PRINT"{DOWN}YOUR SCORE";SC
910 PRINT"{2 DOWNjTRY AGAIN?(Y OR N)"
920 GETW$:IFW$=""THEN9 2 0
925 IFW$="N"THEN990
926 SL=0:SC=0
930 PRINT:PRINT"HOW MANY TARGETS";:INPUT
J
940 J=ABS(INT(J))
960 PRINT"{CLR}":POKEBC,93:GOSUB7000:K=0
:T=0:GOTO155
990 PRINT"{CLR}":POKEBC,27:END
1000 PRINT"{CLR}"
1010 PRINTCHR$(14);"{2 SPACES}THE OBJECT
OF THIS
1015 PRINT"{DOWN}GAME IS TO DEFLECT THE
1020 PRINT"{DOWN}{UP}BALL INTO THE BOXES
BY
1025 PRINT"{DOWN}{UP}USING « AND Fl KEY
S
1030 PRINT"{DOWN}TO PRINT DIAGONALS IN
1035 PRINT"{DOWN}ITS PATH. IF YOU GET
1040 PRINT"{DOWN}STUCK IN A LOOP USE
1045 PRINT"{DOWN}THE fe KEY AS A PANIC
161
i Dexterity
1050 PRINT"{DOWN}BUTTON.
1085 PRINT"{3 DOWN}HIT ANY KEY...
1090 GETB$:IFB$=""THEN1090
1100 PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN}S_CORING IS 10 POIN
TS
1110 PRINT"{DOWN}PER BLOCK HIT, ONE
1120 PRINT"{DOWN}POINT SUBTRACTED FOR
1130 PRINT"{DOWN}EVERY SLASH YOU LAY,
1140 PRINT"{DOWN}AND -5 FOR EVERY SLASH
1150 PRINT"ON THE SCREEN IF YOU
1160 PRINT"{DOWN}HIT THE PANIC BUTTON.
1170 PRINT"{4 DOWNjHIT ANY KEY TO START.
1190 RETURN
2000 FORI=SSTOSS+506
2010 IFPEEK(I)<>77ANDPEEK(I)O78THEN2030
2020 GOSUB4300:POKES2,0:POKES3,0:SC=SC-5
:POKEI,32
2030 NEXT I
2040 RETURN
4300 SO=INT(RND(1)*100)+129
4310 POKEVO,V:POKES3,SO:POKES2,SO:FORT1=
1TO3 5:NEXTT1:RETURN
5000 POKEVO,V:FORS=128TO250STEP10
5010 POKES4,S
5020 NEXTS
5030 POKEVO,0:POKES4,0:RETURN
6000 POKEVO,V:POKES3,250:FORII=1TO25:NEX
Til:POKES3,0:POKEVO,0:RETURN
6200 POKEVO,V:POKES3,245:FORII=1TO25:NEX
Til:POKES3,0:POKEVO,0
6210 RETURN
7000 FORI=38400TO38905:POKEI,6:NEXT:RETU
RN
63000 REM SCREEN ADJUSTMENT
63010 POKE36879,24:PRINT"{CLR}":H=PEEK(3
6864):V=PEEK(36865)
63020 PRINT"ADJUST SCREEN? (Y/N)"
63030 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN63030
63040 IFA$="Y"GOTO63060
63050 PRINT"{CLR}{BLK}";:RETURN
162
Dexterity
6
63060 PRINT"{2 DOWNjUSE THE CRSR KEYS TO

63070 PRINT"{DOWN}MOVE SCREEN AND THE
63080 PRINT"{DOWN}LETTER D WHEN DONE
{2 DOWN}
63081 PRINT"{RVS}{RED}RED{18 SPACES}"
63082 PRINT"{RVS}{CYN}CYAN{17 SPACES}"
63083 PRINT"{RVS}{PUR}PURPLE{15 SPACES}"
63084 PRINT"{RVS}{GRN}GREEN{16 SPACES}"
63085 PRINT" {RVS} {BLU}BLUE{ 17 SPACES}11
63086 PRINT"{RVS}{YEL}YELLOW{15 SPACES}"
63090 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN63090
63100 IFA$="D"THENPRINT"{CLR}{BLK}";:RET
URN
63110 IFA$="{UP}"THENV=V-1:1FV < 0THENV=0
63120 IFA$="{DOWN}"THENV=V+1:IFV>40THENV
=40
63130 IFA$="{LEFT}"THENH=H-1:IFH<0THENH=
0
63140 IFA$="{RIGHT}"THENH=H+1:IFH>17THEN
H=17
63150 POKE36864,H:POKE36865,V:GOTO63090
163
6 Dexterity
Paul Burger
"Jumping Jack" for the unexpanded VIC, is a challenging game that

makes full use of your computer's color and sound capabilities.
Jack is running across platforms and climbing down ladders

to get to the bottom of the screen. Sounds easy enough,
right?
There's just one problem: these platforms are not very
sturdy at all, and at any time they can collapse in certain
places. You must be ready to press the space bar causing Jack
to jump. If your timing is right, Jack will clear the hole and
land safely on his feet. If not, Jack will fall into the collapsed
section of the platform.
If you are not quite quick enough on the space bar, you
still have a chance to clear the hole. Here's how: If the space
bar is pressed immediately after Jack gets over the hole, you
can make a saving jump. However, Jack must be over the
hole while in the air to get points for jumping the hole, so no
Make Jack jump just at the right time.
164
Dexterity
6
points are scored for using a saving jump to get over a hole.
This method can also be used to jump two holes in a row.
Simply make a saving jump as described above for the first
hole, and Jack will fly over the second hole (this scores points
only for the second hole, however).
Program 6-4. Jumping Jack

0 M=3:T=150:D=5:X=25:P=61:POKE55,160:POK
E56,29:S=36876:POKE36878,15:GOTO10012
1 C=27:F%=5:FORI=7680TO8185:POKEI,59:NEX
T
2 FORI=7702TO7723:POKEI,53:NEXT:FORI=781
2TO7833:POKEI,53:NEXT:FORI=7900TO7921:
POKEI,53:NEXT
3 POKE36879/C:FORI=8032TO8053:POKEI,53:N
EXT:F0RI=8142T08163:POKEI,53:NEXT
4 FORI=38400TO38884+21:POKEI,4:NEXT
5 FORI=38488TO38510+21:POKEI,F%:NEXT
8 FORI=38818TO38840+21:POKEI,F%:NEXT:GOS
UB10020:FORI=1TO1000:NEXT
9 1=7790
10 IFI/2=INT(I/2)THENPOKEI-1,59:GOSUB110
11 IFI/2=INT(1/2)THENPOKEI,55:FORJ=1TOT:
NEXT:GOTO14
13 POKEI-1,59:POKEI,56:FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:B=
7812:GOSUB510
14 IFPEEK(197)=32THENGOSUB20
15 IFPEEK(1+22)=54THENPOKEI,59:GOTO30
16 IFPEEK(1+22)=60THEN500
17 1=1+1iIFI>7811THENI=7790:POKE7811,59
18 GOTO10
20 1=1-21:P0KEI+21,59
21 IFPEEK(1+22)<>59ORPEEK(1+44)<>53THENS
C=SC+X:POKEI-22,P:GOSUB112:POKEI-22, 5
9
23 POKEI,55:FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:1=1+23:IFI>78
11THENI=7790:POKE7811,59
24 POKE7789,59:POKE7790,59
25 FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:POKEI-23,59:POKEI,55:R
ETURN
165
6 Dexterity
30 1=7898
31 IFl/2=INT(1/2)THENPOKEI+1,59:GOSUB110
32 IFl/2=INT(1/2)THENPOKEI,58:FORJ=1TOT:
NEXT:GOTO34
33 POKEI+1,59:POKEI, 57:FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:B=
7900:GOSUB510
37 1=1-1: IFK7878THENI=7898: POKE7878, 59
38 GOTO31
40 1=1-23:POKEI+23,59
41 IFPEEK(1+22)< > 59ORPEEK(1+44)< > 53THENS
C=SC+X:POKEI-22,P:GOSUB112:POKEI-22,5
9
43 POKEI, 581 FORJ=1TOT:NEXT: 1=1+21: IFK78
78THENI=7898:POKE7878,59
44 POKE7856/59:POKE7855,59
ETURN
50 I=80i0
51 IFl/2=INT(l/2)THENPOKEI-l,59:GOSUBll0
52 IFI/2=INT(1/2)THENPOKEI,55:FORJ=1TOT:
NEXT:GOTO54
53 POKEI-1,59:POKEI,56:FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:B=
8032:GOSUB510
57 1=1+1:IFI>8031THENI=8010:POKE8031,59
58 GOTO51
60 1=1-21:POKEI+21,59:IFPEEK(I)< > 59THENS
C=SC+300
61 IFPEEK(1+22)<>59ORPEEK(1+44)<>53THENS
9
63 POKEI,55:FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:1=1+23:IFI>80
31THENI=8010:POKE8031,59
64 POKE8009/59:POKE8010,59
65 FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:POKEI-23,59:POKEI, 55: R
ETURN
70 1=8140
166
Dexterity
6
71 IFI/2=INT(I/2)THENPOKEI+1,59:GOSUB110
72 IFl/2=INT(l/2)THENPOKEI,58:FORJ=lTOT:
NEXT:GOTO74
73 POKEI+1,59:POKEI,57:FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:B=
8142:GOSUB510
77 1=1-1:IFI<8120THENI=8140:POKE8120,59
78 GOTO71
80 1=1-23:POKEI+23,59
81 IFPEEK(1+22)< > 59ORPEEK(1+44)< > 53THENS
9
83 POKEI,58:FORJ=1TOT:NEXT:1=1+21:IFI<81
20THENI=8140:POKE8120/59
84 POKE8098,59:POKE8097,59
ETURN
100 P=P+1:IFP=64THENP=61
101 D=D-l:T=T-50
102 X=X+50:IFX>125THENX=25:D=8:T=150:C=2
7:F%=5
103 IFX=75THENC=232:F%=0
104 IFX=125THENC=8:F%=7
105 GOTO2
110 POKES,140:FORY=1TO10:NEXT:POKES,0:RE
TURN
111 POKES+1,190:FORY=1TO25:NEXT:POKES+1,
0:RETURN
112 FORO=1TO15:POKES,200+0:NEXTO:POKES,0
:RETURN
113 FORO=20TO0STEP-1:POKES,230+0:FORY=1T
025:NEXTY,O:POKES,0:RETURN
500 GOSUB113:M=M-1:IFM=0THEN502
501 P=61:X=25:D=6:C=27:T=150:F%=5:POKEI,
59:GOTO2
502 P0KE36869,240:PRINTCHR$(147);SPC(225
);"GAME OVERI":PRINT:PRINT"YOUR SCOR
E WAS ";SC
503 PRINT:PRINT"PLAY AGAIN?"
504 K=PEEK(197):IFK=32ORK=64THEN504
167
6 Dexterity
505 IFK=11THENRUN
506 END
510 IFINT(RND(1)*D)+1<>1THENRETURN
511 L=INT(RND(1)*21)+1:IFL=20ORL=1THEN51
1
512 POKEB+L,60:GOSUB111:RETURN
10000 DATA255,129/66,66,36/36,24,255
10002 DATA66,126,66,66,66,126,66,66
10003 DATA12,8,13,62,44,12,18,33
10004 DATA24,16,24,24,24,16,16,24
10005 DATA24,8,24,24,24,8,8,24
10006 DATA24,8,88,62,26,24,36,66
10007 DATA0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
10008 DATA129,66,66,66,98,34,34,34
10009 DATA27,10,27,17,27,0,0,0
10010 DATA59,10,11,9,11,0,0,0
10011 DATA91,74,91,81,91,0,0,0
10012 RESTORE:FORI=7592TO7679:READA:POKE
I,A:NEXT
10015 POKE36869,255
10016 GOTO1
10020 FORI=7832TO7898STEP22:POKEI,54:NEX
T:FORI=7901TO8011STEP22:POKEI,54:N
EXT
10021 FORI=8052TO8140STEP22:POKEI,54:NEX
T:FORI=38552TO38618STEP22:POKEI,6:
NEXT
10022 FORI=38621TO38731STEP22:POKEI,6:NE
XT:FORI=38772TO38860STEP22:POKEI,6
:NEXT
10023 POKE8143,54:POKE8165,54:POKE38863,
6:POKE38885,6:RETURN
168
Dexterity
6
Alan Crossley
"Skydiver" is an arcade-style game for the Unexpanded VIC The

game will test your timing and your ability to calculate the wind's
effect on the skydiver.
The sky is clear, the land is flat, but the winds are variable.
You are determined to learn to skydive. Not only do you wish
to learn to skydive, but you wish to become an expert. Safe
jumps are always important, but you also want to be able to
land exactly where you have preselected.
Playing Skydiver
It is up to you to decide which landing pad to try for. There
are three pads to choose from — labeled 2X, 5X, and 10X.
Each pad is more difficult to land on than the previous one
and therefore scores more points. If you land successfully,
you are rewarded with bonus points. If you miss, you lose
one of your three skydivers.
At 5000 points you are awarded an extra skydiver. Each
time you make two successful landings, the game's difficulty
level increases, and the bonus value goes up 50 points.
Controlling the Dive
Press the joystick button to clear the title screen. Next, pick
which landing pad to try for by manipulating the joystick to
indicate your selection. Don't let the countdown timer run out
because then you will have to land wherever the computer
decides. Once you have selected the landing pad, press the
joystick button to inform the computer of your choice and to
start the dive.
Take note of the wind speed and direction; you must take
it into account when deciding when to jump. The airplane
will emerge from the left side of the screen. If you do not
dive by the time the airplane reaches the right side of the
screen, it will reappear on the left.
To dive, simply press the joystick button and watch your
169
, Dexterity
diver. At first the diver will be in free fall (parachute not

opened), but have no fear, the chute will open in time, and
the diver will float down and onto the landing pad. If you
miscalculated the time to jump, the joystick can be used to
make minor adjustments to the descent.
In "Skydiver" you must consider the wind if you plan

to land on the pad.
program 6-5: Skydiver

8 P1=37151:P2=37152:P3=37154:T7=30720:NE=
2
10 PRINT"tCLR}":GOTO60100
12 A(1)=7772:A(2)=7778:A(3)=7782
14 SC=0:BO=100:BA=3:WA=7:W=8:EX=0
16 PRINT"{HOME}SCORE: 000{3 SPACES}"
20 GOSUB5000
21 PRINT"{HOME}";TAB(14);"{3 SPACES}
{3 LEFT}";A$
22 CT=21+INT(RND(TI)*20+1):CC=0
30 A=0 r , .
100 PRINT"{HOME}{DOWN}";TAB(A);"{OFF} {RV
S}&*!{2 LEFT}{DOWN}{OFF} {RVS}g2 il":
A=A+1
102 CC=CC+1: IFCO-CT ANDA<21ANDA>1THEN120
170
Dexterity
6
105 IFA>=20THENPRINT"{HOME}{DOWN}";TAB(A)
j" {DOWN}{LEFT}{2 SPACES}":A=0
110 GOSUB 1000:IFR<>128THENFORI=1TO50:NEX
T:GOTO100
112 IFA>20ORA<1THEN100
120 PRINT"{HOME}{DOWN}"?TAB(A);m {LEFT}
{DOWN}{2 SPACES}"
200 B=7747+A:T=INT(RND(TI)*8+1):T=T+1
210 CH=46:C=0
212 C=C+1
220 POKEB,CH:POKEB,32:B=B+22
230 POKEB+T7,4:POKEB,CH:IFC<TTHENFORY=1TO
80:NEXT:GOTO212
300 CH=65
305 POKEB+T7,4:POKEB,CH
310 GOSUB1000:C=C+1
320 IFO=WTHENIFR=4THENPOKEB/ 32 :B=B-1 :POK
EB+T 7,4:POKEB,CH:C=0
330 IFO=WTHENIFR=8THENPOKEB, 32 :B=B+1 :POK
EB+T7,4:POKEB,CH:C=0
340 D=D+1
350 IFD>=WATHENPOKEB,32:B=B+22
355 IFD>=WATHEND=0:IFPEEK(B)<>32THEN3000
360 POKEB+T7,4:POKEB,CH
370 WI=WI+1
390 IFWI>=SANDDI=-1THENPOKEB,32:B=B+DI:PO
KEB+T7,4:WI=0
395 IFWI>=SANDDI=1THENPOKEB,32:B=B+DI:POK
EB+T7,4:WI=0
400 IFPEEK(B)O32ANDPEEK(B)<>CHTHEN3000
410 POKEB,CH
500 GOTO300
1000 POKEP3,127:X=NOTPEEK(P1)AND60-((PEEK
(P2)AND128)=0):POKEP3,255
1010 R=-((XAND4)=4)-2*((XAND8)=8)-4*((XAN
D16)=16)-8*((XAND1)=1)-128*((XAND32
)=32)
1020 RETURN
3000 POKEB+T7,4
3010 IFP=1THENIFB=8124ORB=8125THENPOKEB,C
H:GOTO4000 ni.n
3020 IFP=2THENIFB=8130THENPOKEB,CH:GOTO4050
171
6 Dexterity
3030 IFP=3THENIFB=8135ORB=8136ORB=8137THE
NPOKEB,CH:GOTO4100
3040 POKEB,170:GOTO12000
4000 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{5 RIGHT}5 X";BO
;"=";5*BO
4010 VA=5*BO:GOTO10000
4050 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{4 RIGHT}10 X";B
O;"=";10*BO
4060 VA=10*BO:GOTO10000
4100 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{5 RIGHT}2 X";BO
;"=";2*BO
4110 VA=2*BO:GOTO10000
5020 PRINT"{3 SPACES}{BLK}gL§{YEL}
12 l3{BLK}gJ3{2 SPACES}{BLK}
Bl!{yel}&i3{blk}Bj3{2 spaces}
iL8{YEL}B3 l3{BLK}gJ3{BLU}"
5030 PRINT"{RVS}{4 SPACES}5X{3 SPACES}10X
{4 SPACES}2X{4 SPACES}{OFF}";
5040 FORI=8164TO8185:POKEI+T7,6:POKEI,160
:NEXT
5041 IFBA<=0THEN60000
5042 PRINT"{HOME}";TAB(17);"{4 SPACES}"
5043 IFBA>1THENPRINT"{HOME}";TAB(18);:FOR
I=1TOBA-1:PRINT"A";:NEXT:PRINT
5045 SS=INT(RND(TI)*3+1):DI=INT(RND(TI)*2
+1):IFDI=2THENDI=-1
5048 IFSS=1THENS=5:SD=15
5052 D$="RIGHT":IFDI=-1THEND$="LEFT"
5053 IFNJ>=NETHENBO=BO+50:PRINT"{HOME}
{7 DOWN}BONUS ADVANCE TO{RED}";BO:P
RINT"{BLU}"
5054 IFNJ>=NETHENIFWA>4THENWA=WA-1
5055 IFNJ>=NETHENNJ=0:IFW<18THENW=W+l
5056 PRINT"{HOME}{2 DOWN}";TAB(3);"WIND:"
;SD"TO ";D$:GOSUB50000
5057 FORK=1TO1000:NEXT:PRINT"{HOME}{DOWN}
{20 SPACES}"
5060 FORI=7724TO8141STEP22:POKEI,96:POKEI
+21,96:NEXT
172
Dexterity
6
5070 RETURN
10000 JM=JM+1:NJ=NJ+1
10100 FORP=1TOVA/10:PRINT"{HOME}{BLUjSCOR
E:{RED}";SC:POKES3,0:SC=SC+10:NEXT
:PRINT"{HOME}{BLU}SCORE:{RED}";SC
10110 FORID=1TO1000:NEXT:IFEX=0ANDSC>=500
0THENBA=BA+1:EX=1
10120 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{21 SPACES}":GO
TO20
12000 PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}{3 RIGHT}SORRY
NO BONUS1":BA=BA-1
12010 FORID=1TO500:NEXT
12120 POKEB,32:PRINT"{HOME}{8 DOWN}
{21 SPACES}":GOTO20
50000 REM SELECTION
50010 PRINT"{HOME}{4 DOWN}{RED}{4 SPACES}
5X{3 SPACES}10X{2 SPACES}2X{BLU}":
P=l:Z=P
50020 TI$="000000"
50025 POKEA(P),PEEK(A(P))+128AND255
50027 TM=15-VAL(TI$)
50028 PRINT"{HOME}{12 DOWN}";TAB(10);"
{2 SPACES}{3 LEFT}";TM:IFTM=0THENP
=INT(RND(TI)*3+l):GOTO50100
50030 GOSUB1000:IFR=4ORR=8THENX=PEEK(A(P)
):IFX>129THENPOKEA(P),X+128AND255
50035 IFR>127THEN50100
50040 GOSUB1000:IFR=4THENP=P-1:IFP<1THENP
=3
50045 IFR=8THENP=P+1:IFP>3THENP=1
50050 FORID=1TO100:NEXT:GOTO50025
50100 A$="2X":IFP=1THENA$="5X"
50110 IFP=2THENA$="10X"
50120 PRINT"{DOWN} YOU MUST LAND ON ";A$
50140 FORID=1TO1500:NEXT
50150 PRINT"{HOME}":FORID=1TO18:PRINT"
{21 SPACES}":NEXT:RETURN
60000 PRINT"{HOME}{7 DOWN}{6 RIGHT}GAME O
VER": IFSOHITHENHI=SC
60010 FORHD=1TO2000:NEXT
60020 PRINT"{HOME}{7 DOWN}{6 RIGHT}
{9 SPACES}"
173
, Dexterity
60100 POKE36879/188:PRINT"{HOME}{2 DOWN}

{6 SPACES}{RED}SKY DIVER"
60110 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
60120 PRINT" {PURjUSE JOYSTICK TO PLAY"
60130 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
60140 PRINT"{6 SPACES}{GRN}HIGH SCORE
{RED}":PRINT
60150 XX=LEN(STR$(Hl))/2sPRINTTAB(10-XX);
HI
60160 GOSUB1000:IFR=0THEN60160
60170 PRINT"{HOME}":FORK=1TO18:PRINT"
{21 SPACES}":NEXT:GOTO12
174
Dexterity
6
Esteban V. Aguilar, Jr.
Fly down through the dangerous skies of the planet Dindrin to col
lect golden stones. Retrieve enough of them and you can win the
game, but beware of the floaters, skimmers, and lizards.
There's a strange planet named Dindrin where multicolored

floaters and a giant sky skimmer drift through the daytime
skies. On the surface of the planet, vicious land hunters come
up from the ground and set polished, golden stones in the
sun. It's a form of worship too obscure, too alien to describe.
Suddenly a strange looking hawk-like creature dives down
and snatches a stone. With this program and your VIC, you
can experience what it's like to be one of the Hawkmen of
Dindrin.
Flying the Skies of Dindrin

When the game begins, you (the hawkman) start off on the
upper-left corner of the screen under the cloud layer. You will
move across the screen and move lower after every line.
Maneuvering is accomplished with your joystick. You may
move backwards by pulling left on the joystick. Whenever
you want to go into a dive or fly upwards, you must pull
down or up (respectively) on the joystick. One thing to keep
in mind when ascending or descending is that you will move
diagonally rather than straight up or down. The winds are
powerful on Dindrin. Flying is an art form there.
Once in a while, an obstacle such as the sky skimmer
(moving above the surface) or a floater (dominating the skies)
will get in your way. When this happens, you can press the
red button on the joystick to extend the hawkman's tongue to
snap up its prey. You can also do this to obtain points and
energy. The skimmer is worth 5 points and 10 energy credits.
The floaters are worth 15 points and 20 energy credits.
175
6 Dexterity
There are a couple of things to consider before playing

the game. As time passes, you will lose energy. If your
energy gets too low, the screen border will disappear. If your
energy runs out, the game will end. If you have sufficient
energy, the border will remain on screen. Second, when
you're flying don't run into anything or youll lose one of
your lives. Third, when the game starts after the program is
loaded from tape, press the stop button on the cassette play
er. Otherwise, the joystick will not respond to your com
mands. To win, you must obtain 10,000 points.
Watch out for the sky skimmer in "Hawkmen of Dindrin"
The Programs
The Hawkmen of Dindrin is divided into two programs. The
first program makes custom characters and automatically
loads the main game program. Be sure to SAVE Program 6-7
immediately following Program 6-6 on the same tape.
im 6-6: Hawkmen, Part 1
10 PRINT" {CLR}":POKE36879, 93
20 PRINT"{3 SPACES}{RVS}HAWKMEN OF DINDRIN
{OFF}"
176
Dexterity
6
50000 X=PEEK(56)-2:POKE52,X:POKE56,X:POK
E51,PEEK(55):CLR
50010 CS=256*PEEK(52)+PEEK(51)
50020 FORI=CSTOCS+511:POKEI/PEEK(1+32768
-CS):NEXT
50030 READX:IFX<0THEN50090
50040 FORI=XTOX+7:READJ:POKEI,J:NEXT
50050 GOTO50030
50090 DATA7512,0,28,54,255,48,30,0,0
50091 DATA7504,35,85,91,192,109,41,101,2
6
50092 DATA7496,255,126,60,60,60,60,255,2
55
50093 DATA7168,134,205,207,252,255,96,96
,24
50094 DATA7432,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,0
50095 DATA7440,0,90,60,90,126,24,36,66
50096 DATA7448,0,24,36,66,66,66,36,255
50097 DATA7456,24,135,133,199,71,103,103
,255
50098 DATA7464,24,207,141,239,255,255,25
5,255
50099 DATA7472,0,0,0,170,85,0,0,0
50100 DATA7488,255,255,255,255,255,255,2
55,255
50101 DATA-1
63000 POKE198,5:POKE631,78:POKE632,69:PO
KE633,87:POKE634,13:POKE635,131:END
Program 6-7: Hawkmen, part 2

6 TI$="000000"
7 POKE36869,255
8 CLR:Sl=36876:S2=36875:S3=36874iS4=3687
7
9 E=200:FC=38554
10 PRINT"{CLR}":POKE36879,122:SC=0:Y=781
3:V=36878:YC=38533:SK=8080:MKC=38800:
TN=4:FL=7834
20 PRINT"{HOME}{4 DOWN}&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&";
21 PRINT"{HOME}{DOWN}SCORE:":PRINT"ENERGY:"
177
. Dexterity
22 FORA=0TO21:P0KE8164+A,40;P0KE38884+A,
6:NEXTA
30 FORA=0TO21:POKE8142+A,35:POKE38862+A,
5:NEXTA
35 PRINT"{HOME}{18 DOWN} 111+"
40 POKE36878,15
50 POKEYC,0:POKEY,0
51 J=PEEK(37151):E=E-1:GOSUB600
52 IFJ=94THENGOSUB100
53 IFJ=110THENQ=-1
54 IFJ=126THENQ=1
55 IFJ=118THENQ=23:POKES2,130
56 IFJ=122THENQ=-21:POKES2,210
57 POKEY,32:POKES2,0:IFY+Q<7790ORY+Q>=81
63THEN500
58 PRINT"{HOME}LIFE:";TN:PRINT"{HOME}
{DOWN}{6 RIGHT}";SC:PRINT"{7 RIGHT}
{7 SPACES}{6 LEFT}";E:IFE<=0THEN1000
59 IFPEEK(Y+Q)=35THEN90
60 IFPEEK(Y+Q)=32THEN75
71 IFPEEK(Y+Q)<>32THEN500
75 Y=Y+Q: YOYC+Q: POKEYC, 0: POKEY, 0
76 IFPEEK(Y+22)=36THEN300
80 GOTO51
90 Y=Y+Q:YOYC+Q: POKEYC, 0: POKEY, 0: SC=SC+
100:E=E+100
92 FORI=1TO20:POKES1,220+1:NEXTI:POKES1,
0
93 POKEY,32:Y=Y-22:YC=YC-22:POKEYC,0:POK
EY,0
96 GOTO51
100 IFY>=8138THENRETURN
101 E=E-3:IFE<=0THEN500
102 G=250
105 FORX=1TO3
110 IFPEEK(Y+X)<>32THEN135
115 POKEY+X,33:POKES 3,G:G=G+1:NEXTX
119 B=3
120 FORX=BTO1STEP-1
125 POKEY+X,32:POKES3,G:G=G-1
129 POKES3,0
130 NEXTX:RETURN
178
Dexterity
6
135 IFPEEK(Y+X)=34THENE=E+20:SC=SC+15
140 IFPEEK(Y+X)=33ORPEEK(Y+X)=43THENE=E+
10:SC=SC+5
145 P0KES1, 195:POKEY+X,42:B=X:FORJ=0TO60
:NEXTJ
149 POKES1,0
150 GOTO120
300 POKEY,0
305 POKEYC+22,2:POKEYC,2:POKEY+22,41:POK
EY,36
310 FORB=1TO100
315 POKEY,36
320 POKES4,187
325 POKEY,37
330 POKES4,127
335 NEXTB:POKES4,0
345 POKEY,32:POKEY+22,35
346 E=INT(E*.5)
350 TN=TN-1:IFTN=0THEN1000
351 Y=7813:YC=38533:GOTO50
500 IFPEEK(Y+Q)=36THENPOKEY+23,35:POKEY+
22,36:GOTO300
501 Y=Y+Q:YC=YC+Q:POKEYC,2:POKEY,42
502 FORH=240TO220STEP-1
503 POKES3,HrNEXTH:POKES3,0
505 POKEY,32
506 TN=TN-1:IFTN=0THEN550
507 YC=38533:Y=7813:GOTO50
550 GOTO1000
600 O=INT(RND(1)*22)+1:IFO=22THENO=0
602 D=INT(RND(1)*2)+1
603 IFD=1THENPOKE38862+O,4:POKE8142+O,36
604 IFD=2THENPOKE38862+O,5:POKE8142+O,35
605 POKE(SK-3),32:POKESK,33
606 IFPEEK(SK+1)=0THENY=Y+1:GOTO500
608 MKC=MKC+1:SK=SK+1
609 IFSK=8098THENSK=8076:MKC=38796:POKE8
096,32:POKE8097,32:POKE8095,32
610 POKEMKC,8:POKESK,43
611 Z=INT(RND(1)*10)+1:IFZ<>5THEN650
179
6 Dexterity
612 F=INT(RND(1)*242)+1:IFPEEK(FL+F)<>32
THEN612
614 W=INT(RND(1)*7)+1
615 IFW=7THEN614
616 POKEFC+F,W:POKEFL+F,34
625 IFE<100THENPOKE36879,127
626 IFE>100THENPOKE36879,122
650 RETURN
1000 PRINT"{CLR}"
1005 PRINT"IF YOU WISH TO PLAY":PRINT"AG
AIN, PRESS THE FIRE BUTTON."
1010 PRINT"{PUR}IF NOT,THEN PRESS THE"sP
RINT"JOYSTICK DOWN."
1015 PRINT"YOUR SCORE:";SC
1020 PRINT"YOUR TIME :";VAL(TI$)
1023 IFSO=10000THENPRINT"{RVS} {RED}YOU
HAVE WON1{OFF}"
1025 J=0
1030 J=PEEK(37151)
1035 IFJ=94THENRUN
1040 IFJ=118THENPOKE36869,240:PRINT"{RVS}
{BLU}{2 SPACES}HAWKMEN OF DINDRIN
{2 SPACES}{OFF}{2 SPACES}GAME TERMIN
ATED.":END
1050 GOTO1025
180
Appendix
A
Charles Bond
Here's a remarkably short algorithm which produces random

mazes on your TV screen.
To understand how it works, refer to the flowchart and
the program listing. The following explanation should clarify
the details.
The Background Field

The algorithm operates on a background field which must be
generated on the screen prior to line number 200. The field
must consist of an odd number of horizontal rows, each con
taining an odd number of cells: a rectangular array. It's con
venient to think of the field as a two dimensional array with
the upper-left corner having coordinates X =0 and Y =0,
where X is the horizontal direction and Y is vertical. No co
ordinates are used to identify absolute locations by the pro
gram, but the concept is useful in configuring the field.
Given that the upper-left cell of the field has coordinates
0,0, then the terminal coordinates both horizontally and verti
cally must be even numbers. In addition, the background
field must be surrounded on all sides by memory cells whose
contents are different from the number used to identify the
field. That is, if the field consists of reversed (or inverse
video) spaces, then the number corresponding to that charac
ter must not be visually adjacent to the field.
This could happen inadvertently if the screen RAM and
system ROM have contiguous addresses. A sufficient precau
tion is to avoid covering the entire screen with field. Leave at
least one space at the beginning or end of each line and, in
general, leave the uppermost and lowermost lines on the
screen blank.
The Maze Generator

The creation of the maze begins by placing a special marker
in a suitable starting square. The program here always begins
at the square just inside the upper-left cell of the previously
183
A Appendix
drawn field. (Note that with our coordinate scheme this

would be cell 1,1.) Any cell with odd-numbered coordinates
would work, however, as long as it is internal to the field.
Next, a random direction is chosen by invoking the ran
dom number generator in your machine and producing an in
teger from 0 to 3. This integer, with the aid of a short table,
determines a direction and a corresponding cell just two steps
away from the current cell. This new cell is examined (PEEK-
ed) to see if it is part of the field. If it is, the direction integer
is put there as a marker, and the barrier between it and the
current cell is erased.
In addition, the pointer to the current cell is moved to
point to the new one. This process is repeated until the new
cell fails the test; that is, it is not a field cell. When this hap
pens, the direction vector is rotated 90 degrees and the test is
repeated. Thus, the path carved out of the field will continue
until a "dead end" is reached.
A dead end, incidentally, could occur in as few as five
steps. When it does occur, we can make use of the markers
which were dropped along the way "Hansel and Gretel"
style. These can be checked to determine which direction we
came from, so that we can back up and look for untrodden
paths. So long as none can be found, the program will back
up, one step at a time, erasing the markers as it goes. When
a new direction can be taken, the pointer is set off in that di
rection, and the process continues as before.
Ultimately, the pointer will return to the start, a condition
which is detected by the recovery of the special starting (now
"ending") marker. This cell is then blanked and the program
is done, leaving the pointer as it was at the start.
The Program
The direction table set up in lines 100 and 110 converts an in
teger to an address offset. In this case (22 column screen), we
wish to be able to step two cells to the right, up, left, or
down.
Line 120 contains the variable SC, which is the memory
address of the start of screen RAM. Lines 130-160 establish the
background field on the screen.
The rest of the program draws the maze, as previously ex
plained. Line 310 is simply a convenient stopping point which
prevents the screen from scrolling.
184
Appendix
A
It may not be immediately obvious that this algorithm al

ways produces a maze with only one nontrivial path between
any two points, or that the maze will always be completely
filled, but this can be proved. While the proofs will not be
provided here, math buffs may find it interesting that for a
maze of any size there will be exactly:
(H-D(V-l) -1 empty cells in the completed maze,
2
where H is the number of cells in each field row and V is the

number of rows.
An interesting feature of this algorithm is that it works
equally well in certain types of nonrectangular fields. U-
shaped fields or fields with holes in them are quite suitable —
as long as certain restrictions are observed. Just make sure
that the coordinates of the upper-left and lower-right cells of
any cut out area are pairs of odd numbers. Also, if there is a
single row of field cells between any cut out areas and the
outside of the original field, it may be removed.
The Mouse
The subroutine on lines 1000 to 1020 produces an artificial
"mouse" which roams the maze endlessly. The mouse ad
heres to a 'left-hand rule" when a choice of directions is pos
sible. That is, when it is confronted with a branch-point, it
will move off to the left, if possible. Otherwise it will go for
ward. When no choice is available, it will turn around. These
lines are unnecessary for the creation of the maze and may
be deleted.
Program A-1. Maze Generator

100 DIMA(3)
110 A(0)=2:A(1)=-44:A(2)=-2:A(3)=44
120 WL=160:HL=32:SC=7680:A=SC+45
130 PRINT" {CLR}11
140 FORI=1TO21
150 PRINT11 {RVS} {21 SPACES}11
160 NEXTI
210 POKEA#4
220 J=INT(RND(1)*4):X=J
230 B=A+A(J):IFPEEK(B)=WLTHENPOKEB,J:POK
EA+A(J)/2,HL:A=B:GOTO220
185
'A\ Appendix
240 J=(J+1)*-(J<3):IFJ<>XTHEN230
250 J=PEEK(A):P0KEA,HL:IFJ<4THENA=A-A(J)
:GOTO220
310 GETC$:IFC$=""THEN310
1000 POKEA,81:J=2
1010 B=A+A(J)/2:IFPEEK(B)=HLTHENPOKEB,81
:POKEA,HL:A=B:J=(J+2)+4*(J>l)
1020 J=(J-1)-4*(J=0):GOTO1010
Figure 1. Maze Generator Flowchart
LEAVE MARKER
ERASE BARRIER
BUMP POINTER
BACK UP
186
■ ■ ■ ■■':■ ■ ,;v.-V ■ '' ■'■ :; ■■■''^■■■■■■^|--;.;.: '■■:-■■' '■ ■ -■■-■■+.;' ¥■ ■':'S:'^^^91
Writing Your
ISiiiiffllB^
Appendix
B
Dan Carmichael
We hope that the games in this book have provided you with
many hours of fun along with some new and advanced pro
gramming techniques.
While it is always enjoyable to play games that other pro
grammers have written, you might want to explore the world
of game programming yourself. When you create the games
and write the programs yourself, not only is there the fun of
play, but also you receive the personal gratification of a job
well done. Following are some hints, tips, and references to
help you create your own game programs.
The Advantages of Machine Language

The majority of games in this book were written in BASIC,
although some have incorporated a few small machine lan
guage subroutines. But machine language is the native lan
guage of the VIC-20. There are two main advantages of pro
gramming your games in machine language.
The first is speed. Machine language, properly written,
can be hundreds, if not thousands, of times faster than
BASIC. When a program written in BASIC is executed, the
BASIC Interpreter looks at each BASIC statement, decides
what it means, and interprets it into machine language to be
executed. It is this interpretation process that slows BASIC
down. When you program in machine language, the BASIC
interpretation process is bypassed, and execution speed im
proves dramatically.
The second advantage of machine language is memory
space. A BASIC program can use up to 50 percent more
memory than the same program written in machine language.
When writing programs on the unexpanded VIC-20, where
189
B Appendix
you are limited to approximately 3500 bytes, memory usage is

an important programming criterion. Saving 25 or 50 percent
of memory means that you can add some nice extras to your
game program, like enhancing your sound effects or color
usage, or even adding a bonus round or two.
If you're going to tackle the task of learning to program in
machine language, a machine language monitor/assembler will
make programming in machine language easier and more
readable. Commodore's version is called the VICMON, and
the Hesmon is produced by Human Engineered Software. Both
are available at your local computer dealer for about $50, and
both are in cartridge form. Also available are monitor/
assemblers in printed (listed) form that are ready to type in
and run. Many have been published in COMPUTERS maga
zines and books.
Books are almost essential to learning machine language.
There are many fine books on the market that deal with pro
gramming the 6502 (the microprocessor chip in the VIC-20,
the Commodore 64, the Atari, and many other computers).
One book especially suited to the novice who wishes to learn
machine language programming is Richard Mansfield's
Machine Language for Beginners {COMPUTE! Books, 1983). (For
more information on books and monitor/assemblers, see the
reference section at the end of this appendix.)
High-Resolution Graphics
High-resolution graphics is the ability to control (turn on or
off) each individual pixel (a very tiny dot) on the TV screen.
It is used to produce those beautiful, smoothly animated pic
tures you see on the arcade-style video games.
Standard graphics uses blocks of characters that are com
posed of eight rows and columns of pixels. When you ani
mate with standard graphics, you are actually moving each
character one block, or eight rows or columns at one time.
The problem with this method is that it produces jumpy ani
mation. With the ability of high-resolution graphics to turn
each pixel on or off, you can produce smooth animation by
moving one row or column at a time.
There are limitations to high-resolution graphics. One is
the amount of memory needed to control the graphics dis
play. To produce high-resolution graphics you have to initiate
a process known as "bitmapping" the screen. This means
190
Appendix
B
that you have to assign each individual pixel on the TV

screen to a memory location (one bit each, or eight pixels to
the byte) inside the computer. This takes up a large amount
of memory. So much, in fact, that to bitmap the entire screen
would take 4048 bytes of memory. You couldn't accomplish
this in the unexpanded VIC.
There is a technique that bitmaps only small portions of
the screen but large amounts of memory are still needed.
Memory expansion is the easiest solution to this problem.
Another drawback of high-resolution graphics is speed.
When you move objects one row of pixels at a time, you have
to program more routines to animate the characters. In stan
dard graphics, one command can move the character eight
rows at a time, but it would take eight commands to move
the same high-resolution display the same distance. Since
BASIC is already slow, machine language is a must with
high-resolution graphics.
Multicolor Graphics
When programming using standard or high-resolution
graphics, you have the choice of setting each character to one
of two color possibilities. You can give each character or pixel
the background screen color (which will seem to produce a
blank space on the screen), or you can assign it one of the
eight standard VIC colors. With the multicolor graphics op
tion, you can assign each character or pixel any one of four
possibilities: screen color, character color, border color, or aux
iliary color. There are eight auxiliary colors, so with multicolor
graphics you have the choice of 16 color possibilities.
There is a sacrifice, however, when using a multicolor
graphics mode: horizontal resolution. In multicolor mode,
each dot is twice as wide as in high-resolution graphics; that
is, each dot is two pixels wide. Your drawings will have to be
made with thicker columns; but often this problem is far out
weighed by the greater number of colors.
Sound Effects
Good sound effects can turn a good game into a great game.
And sound isn't just an extra. You can use sound to tell the
player that certain events have occurred without forcing him
or her to look away from the main action on the screen. You
191
B Appendix
don't have to watch to know that an explosion has occurred,

or that you have won a bonus round.
Sound also provides a rhythm, sets a mood, and general
ly makes the "world" of the game more inviting and
complete.
One problem in some BASIC game programs is that the
action stops while the sound effects are being generated.
There are ways that you can generate sound effects while the
action in other parts of the program is still running. One
method is by adding user-generated interrupt routines in
machine language, of course. (References for texts on sound
effects can be found in the reference section at the end of this
appendix.)
If you are a beginning or intermediate BASIC program
mer, there are many books and articles that can help you ad
vance into higher levels of BASIC proficiency, and if you feel
that you have thoroughly mastered BASIC, there is always
machine language to be conquered. In fact, programming it
self is like the best arcade games — no matter how good you
get, there are always new challenges ahead. And instead of
just getting your initials on a vanity board, you have a fin
ished game that you and others can play again and again.
References
Machine Language
Butterfield, Jim. "TINYMON1: A Simple Monitor for the VIC." In COM-
PUTEl's First Book of VIC. Greensboro, NC: COMPUTE! Books, 1982.
Finkel, A., N. Harris, P. Higginbottom, and M. Tomczyk. "Chapter 3:
Machine Language Programming Guide." VIC-20 Programmer's Reference
Guide. Wayne, PA: Commodore Business Machines, 1982, pp. 107-226.
Kavanagh, Russell. "Entering TINYMON1 Directly into Your VIC-20." In
COMPUTER'S First Book of VIC. Greensboro, NC: COMPUTE! Books,
1982.
Leventhal, Lance A., and Winthrop Saville. 6502 Assembly Language Subrou
tines. Berkeley, CA: Osborne/McGraw Hill, 1982.
Mansfield, Richard. Machine Language For Beginners. Greensboro, NC:
COMPUTE! Books, 1983. Contains several previously published moni
tors, maps, routines, etc.
Zaks, Rodnay. Programming the 6502. Berkeley, CA: Sybex, Inc., 1979.
192
Appendix
B
High-Resolution Graphics
Calloway, James. "Pixelator." In COftfPUTEI's Second Book of VIC.
Greensboro, NC: COMPUTE! Books, 1983.
Finkel, A., N. Harris, P. Higginbottom, and M. Tomczyk. VIC-20 Program
mer's Reference Guide. Wayne, PA: Commodore Business Machines,
1982, pp. 88-92.
Trendowski, Roger N. "Understanding VIC High Resolution Graphics." In

COMPUTED Second Book of VIC. Greensboro, NC: COMPUTE! Books,
1983.
Multicolor Mode Graphics

Banis, Bud. "UFO Pilot: VIC Custom Characters for Game Graphics." In
COMPUTER'S Second Book of VIC. Greensboro, NC: COMPUTE! Books,
1983.
Finkel, A., N. Harris, P. Higginbottom, and M. Tomczyk. VIC-20 Program

1982, pp. 92-94.
Sound Effects
Finkel, A., N. Harris, P. Higginbottom, and M. Tomczyk. V7C-20 Program

1982, pp. 95-105.
Lee, Robert. "VIC Sound Generator." In COMPUTEI's Second Book of VIC.

Greensboro, NC: COMPUTE! Books, 1983.
193
Appendix C
Appendix
c
What is a Program?
A computer cannot perform any task by itself. Like a car
without gas, a computer has potential but without a program,
it isn't going anywhere. The programs published in COM
PUTERS First Book of VIC Games are written in a computer
language called BASIC. BASIC is easy to learn and is built in
to the VIC.
BASIC Programs
All but one of the programs in this book are for the Unex-
panded VIC. Most require that any additional memory car
tridges be removed or disabled. The exceptions are the en
hanced version of 'Air Defense" in Part 3 and "Word Hunt"
in Part 4, both of which require 8K or more of expansion
memory.
Computers can be picky. Unlike the English language,

which is full of ambiguities, BASIC usually has only one
"right way" of stating something. Every letter, character, or
number is significant. A common mistake is substituting a let
ter such as "O" for the numeral "0", a lowercase "1" for the
numeral "1" or an uppercase "B" for the numeral "8". Also,
you must enter all punctuation such as colons and commas
just as they appear in the book. Spacing can be important. To
be safe, type in the listings exactly as they appear unless the
article recommends "crunching" techniques to save memory.
Braces and special Characters

The exception to this typing rule is when you see the braces,
such as "{DOWN}", or special brackets, such as £C + >J-
Anything within a set of braces or special brackets is a special
character or characters that cannot easily be listed on a
printer. When you come across such a special statement, refer
to the section of this book entitled "Listing Conventions."
197
c Appendix
About data statements

Some programs contain a section or sections of DAIA state
ments. These lines provide information needed by the pro
gram. Some DAIA statements contain actual programs (called
machine language); others contain graphics codes. These lines
are especially sensitive to errors.
If a single number in any one DAIA statement is mis
typed, your machine could 'lock up/' or "crash/' The key
board may seem "dead," and the screen may go blank. Don't
panic — no damage is done. To regain control, you have to
turn off your computer, then turn it back on. This will erase
whatever program was in memory, so always SAVE a copy of
your program before you RUN it. If your computer crashes,
you can LOAD the program and look for your mistake.
Sometimes a mistyped DAIA statement will cause an
error message when the program is RUN. The error message
may refer to the program line that READs the data. The error
is still in the DATA statements, though.
Get to Know Your Machine

You should familiarize yourself with your VIC before attempt
ing to type in a program. Learn the statements you use to
store and retrieve programs from tape or disk. You'll want to
save a copy of your program, so that you won't have to type
it in every time you want to use it. Learn to use your
machine's editing functions. How do you change a line if you
made a mistake? Do you know how to enter inverse video,
lowercase, and control characters? It's all explained in your
computer's manuals.
A Quick Review
1) Type in the program a line at a time, in order. Press
RETURN at the end of each program line. Use backspace or
the back arrow to correct mistakes.
2) Check the line you've typed against the line in the listing.
You can check the entire program again if you get an error
when you RUN the program.
3) Make sure you've entered statements in braces as the ap
propriate control key (see "Listing Conventions" elsewhere in
this book).
4) Be sure to SAVE the program on disk or tape before run
ning the program.
198
Many of the programs which are listed in this book contain
special control characters (cursor control, color keys, inverse
video, etc.). To make it easy to know exactly what to type
when entering one of these programs into your computer, we
have established the following listing conventions.
Generally, any VIC-20 program listings will contain words
within braces which spell out any special characters:
{DOWN} would mean to press the cursor down key. {5
SPACES } would mean to press the space bar five times.
To indicate that a key should be shifted (hold down the
SHIFT key while pressing the other key), the key would be
underlined in our listings. For example, S would mean to
type the S key while holding the shift key. This would ap
pear on your screen as a "heart" symbol. If you find an
underlined key enclosed in braces (e.g., {10 N}), you should
type the key as many times as indicated (in our example, you
would enter ten shifted N's).
If a key is enclosed in special brackets, ^ ^], you should
hold down the Commodore key while pressing the key inside
the special brackets. (The Commodore key is the key in the
lower-left corner of the keyboard.) Again, if the key is preced
ed by a number, you should press the key as many times as
necessary.
Rarely, you'll see a solitary letter of the alphabet enclosed

in braces. You should never have to enter such a character on
the VIC-20, but if you do, you would have to leave the quote
mode (press RETURN and cursor back up to the position
where the control character should go), press C1KL-9 (RVS
ON), the letter in braces, and then CTRL-0 (RVS OFF).
About the quote mode: you know that you can move the
cursor around the screen with the CRSR keys. Sometimes a
programmer will want to move the cursor under program
control. That's why you see all the {LEFT}'s, {HOMEj's, and
{BLU }'s in our programs. The only way the computer can tell
199
the difference between direct and programmed cursor control
is the quote mode.
Once you press the quote (the double quote, SHIFT-2),
you are in the quote mode. If you type something and then
try to change it by moving the cursor left, you'll only get a
bunch of reverse-video lines. These are the symbols for cursor
left. The only editing key that isn't programmable is the DEL
key; you can still use DEL to back up and edit the line. Once
you type another quote, you are out of quote mode.
You also go into quote mode when you INSerT spaces in
to a line. In any case, the easiest way to get out of quote
mode is to just press RETURN. You'll then be out of quote
mode and you can cursor up to the mistyped line and fix it.
Use the following table when entering cursor and color
control keys:
Press: See:
UE
200
abbreviations 146 pixel 6, 7, 190-91
address (see memory location) programmable characters 4-5
adventure games 14-15 RAM 20
arcade games 14, 19-22 random 29, 46
Artificial Intelligence 46 realtime action in games 14
BASIC realtime clock 3, 5-6
GOSUB 11 REM 146-47
IF/THEN 20 references 192-93
Keyword abbreviations 146 RND 29, 46
REM 146 saving memory (see memory)
RND 29, 46 screen adjustments 158, 162-63
bibliography 192-93 screen RAM memory 20-21
bitmapping 191 SHIFT key 94
chaining programs 120, 136-37 simulation games 14-18
clock 3, 5-6 sound 3, 5, 191-92
color 3, 4 STOP key, disabling of, 94, 95
constant 46 strategy
crunching (see memory) in adventure games 14-15
CTRL key 94 subroutine 11-12
DATA statements 197-98 VICMON 190
features 3-8 zeros, using a period 154
game writing 7-8, 10-13, 189-93
adventure 14-15
arcade 14, 19-22
maze 183-88
simulation 14-18
speed 46, 189
GOSUB 11
graphics 4-5, 6-7, 190-91
Hesmon 190
high-resolution graphics 6-7, 190-91
IF/THEN 20
initialization 10-11
Keyword abbreviations 146
loop 11
machine language 7-8, 25, 189-90
main loop 11
maze, generating of 29-30, 183-86
memory (see also RAM)
crunching 107, 146-48
saving 45-46, 107, 146-48, 189-90
memory locations
653 94, 96
808 and 809 94, 99
memory-mapped video 20-21
monitor 190
period as zero 154
201
If you've enjoyed the articles in this book you'll find the
same style and quality in every monthly issue of COMPUTE!
Magazine. Use this form to order your subscription to
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COMPUTE'S
First Book of VIC Games

Twenty-four games for the VIC-20 computer, complete and ready
to type in, so no programming knowledge is necessary.
Here are 15 of the best games from COMPUTE! Magazine and
COMPUTERS Gazette. Many of these have been updated and im
proved since their original appearance in the magazines.
You also get nice, never-before-published games, including the
fast-action arcade-style "Richthofen's Revenge" and an adventure
game for the unexpanded VIC, "Pharaoh's Treasure."
Since you can follow the complete BASIC listing, you can see
for yourself how programmers create games. Also, several chapters
are devoted to showing you just how to program your own games.
Juggler Thumierbird
Marble Hunt Ctoseout
ISBN 0-942386-13-2 $12.95

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COMPUTED FIRST BOOK OF

A COMPUTE! Books Publication $12.95

Greensboro, North Carolina

VIC-2O is a trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Inc

Copyright 1983, COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

Part 1: Playing Games With Your VIC l

Part 2: Maze Games 23

Part 3: Action Games 43

Part 4: Brain Testers 87

Special Requirements: J =joystick M =memory expansion iii

Part 5: Scrolling 135

Part 6: Dexterity 143

Appendix A: Creating Your Own Maze

Appendix B: Writing Your Own Games

Appendix C: A Beginner's Guide To

Listing Conventions 199

Your VIC-20 has just completed another hard day's work. It

As a demonstration of the eight possible character colors,

10 print"{clr}{2 down}{6 right}{blk}t

10 POKE 36875, 240

10 PRINT"{CLR}{2 DOWNjENTER THE TIME IN"

When you use high-resolution graphics, you aren't limited

You will notice that this machine language program runs

Richard Mansfield, Senior Editor of COMPUTE! Publications, ex

If you are tempted to write your own games, go ahead. It's a

This category (basically "arcade" games) is especially hard

High Card Slice

computer, your opponent, draws a card too, and the highest

has grasped and filed away the necessary facts to go on to

The Main Loop

Program 1-1. High Card Slice

A simulation is an imitation of life. It can be the most difficult type

There are three basic types of computer games: arcade, ad

Story and Strategy

a forest with a shovel and a trusty, if enigmatic, companion

ternational crisis is true to life. Alternatively, stock goes up

venture and arcade games are certainly enjoyable, but this in

Program 1-2: investment Simulation

Using the memory-mapped video could help you create faster

Ten Million if/THENs

In order to make a fast, effective "arcade-style?' game, I

the formula in line 100. First, draw a border around your

Program 1-3: Ping-Pong

170 FIGURE=81:REM "BALL"CHARACTER.

how the idea Came

Maze fans will find 'Time Bomb" quite a challenge.

When typing in the program, be sure to SAVE it before

6 K=K+l:ON-(K/2 < > INT(K/2))GOTO8:IFK>840THEN37

Program 2-1. Time Bomb

Mazes present a challenge different from arcade-type "shoot-

Playing Hidden Maze

Four player characters are defined (lines 360-470), one

Program 2-2. Hidden Maze

"Superchase" is an arcade-style game where you try to find

Getting away is difficult in "Superchase."

Program 2-3. Superchase

11120 GETJ$:IFJ$ ""THEN11120

dark and Kathryn H. Kidd