MODULE 5 and 6 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY - Docx (1) - PDF
MODULE 5 and 6 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY - Docx (1) - PDF
MODULE 5 and 6 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY - Docx (1) - PDF
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Basic Education Department
School Year 2020-2021
2nd QUARTER
I. CONTENT STANDARD
The learner is able to perform appropriate tests of hypotheses involving the population
mean and population proportion to make inferences in real-life problems in different disciplines.
The learner:
1. Identifies the appropriate rejection region for a given level of significance when: (a) the
population variance is assumed to be known; (b) the population variance is assumed to be
unknown; and (c) the Central Limit Theorem is to be used.
2. Computes for the test-statistic value (population mean).
3. Draws conclusion about the population mean based on the test-statistic value and the
rejection region.
A. Routinary Activities
Prayer
May the darkness of sin and the night of unbelief vanish before the light of the Word and
the Spirit of Grace!
And may the Heart of Jesus live in every hearts of all people! Amen
V. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Lesson Proper / Discussion
Rejection Region
When the test statistic lies on the rejection region, then the null hypothesis will be rejected.
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Comparing the Sample Mean and the Population
Mean in a Small Sample Size
In using the z-test of one-sample mean, we have made an assumption that the population
standard deviation is known or given. However, if 𝜎 is not known, we can still use the z-test by
replacing 𝜎 by s (sample standard deviation) provided that 𝑛 ≥ 30. What if 𝜎 is not known and
𝑛 < 30? We shall use the t-test of one-sample mean for this situation. In this lesson, we have
already discussed the t-distribution and how to get the critical values in the t-table.
When the sample size is less than 30 and the population standard deviation is unknown, we
use the following formula to compare the sample mean and the population mean.
𝑋̅ −𝜇 (𝑋̅ −𝜇)√𝑛
𝑧= 𝑠 or 𝑡 = 𝑠
√𝑛
Where 𝑋̅ = mean of the sample
𝜇 =mean of the population
𝑛 = size of the sample
𝑠 = standard deviation of the population
𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1
The critical value of t is found in the table for t-distribution at a specified level of
significance, type of test, and degrees of freedom. The degree of freedom (df) is the number of
values that are free to vary. In general, for any given sample on which we have placed a single
restriction, the number of degrees of freedom is n-1. If n=4, then df = 4-1=3.
Example 1
The director of a secretarial school believes that its graduates can type more than 75 words
per minute. A random sample of 12 graduates has been found to have an average of 77.2 words
per minute with a standard deviation of 7.9 words per minute in typing test. Using the 0.05 level
of significance, test the claim of the director.
Step 1: 𝑯𝒐 : The average number of words that graduates can type is 75 words per minute (𝜇 = 75)
𝑯𝒂 : The average number of words that graduates can type is greater than 75 words per minute
(𝜇 > 75)
Critical Value: With the use of table for t-distribution, the critical value of t at 0.05 level,
one-tailed test, df = 12-1= 11 is t=1.796
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Rejection Region
Step 3: Compute the test value, using the formula or test statistic
Given: 𝑋̅ = 77.2
𝜇 = 75
𝑛 = 12
𝑠 = 7.9
0.96
Step 4: Decision
Since the computed or test value DOES NOT FALL within the rejection region, we DO
NOT REJECT the null hypothesis
Step 5: Conclusion
There is no significant difference between the sample mean and the population mean. Thus,
the manufacturer is correct in claiming that the new drug in the market can reduce overweight
women by 4.55 kg per month.
Example 2
It is hypothesized that the cost of making a movie is Php 24.6 million. This year, a random
sample of 15 movies has shown an average production cost of Php 28.3 million with a standard
deviation of Php 9.5 million. At 0.05 level of significance, is the hypothesized cost true?
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Solution: Follow the five-step procedure in testing the hypothesis.
Step 1: 𝑯𝒐 : The average cost of making a movie is equal to Php 24.6 million (𝜇=24.6)
𝑯𝒂 : The average cost of making a movie is not equal to Php 24.6 million (𝜇 ≠24.6)
Critical Value: With the use of table for t-distribution, the critical value of t at 0.05 level,
one-tailed test, df = 15-1= 14 is 𝑡 = ±2.145.
Rejection Regions
Step 3: Compute the test value, using the formula or test statistic
Given: 𝑋̅=28.3
𝜇=24.6
n=15
s=9.5
Step 4: Decision
Since the computed or test value DOES NOT FALL within the rejection region, we DO NOT
REJECT the null hypothesis
Step 5: Conclusion
There is no significant difference between the sample mean and the population mean. Thus,
the hypothesized cost of making a movie is true.
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Name: _______________________________ Id number: ___________
Year and Section: ______________________ Score: _____________
STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
MODULE 5 and 6
A. Find the critical value, draw the acceptance and rejection regions, compute the value
of the test statistic, and make a decision whether to accept or reject the null
hypothesis in each of the following situations.
Hypotheses Given Critical Value Test value Decision
and Rejection
region
1. 𝐻𝑜 :𝜇 = 9.8 𝑋̅=10.0
𝐻𝑎 :𝜇 > 9.8 s=4.3
n=12
𝛼=0.05
2. 𝐻𝑜 :𝜇=80 𝑋̅=75
𝐻𝑎 :𝜇 <80 s=4.36
n=20
𝛼=0.01
3. 𝐻𝑜 :𝜇=8.3 𝑋̅=8.2
𝐻𝑎 :𝜇 ≠8.3 𝑠 2 =0.75
n=17
𝛼=0.05
A. Solve the following problem. Use another paper for your solution (HANDWRITTEN). Put
your own signature at the bottom part of your answer. Specify the details that you will have
to do for each step in the solution process.
1. The average rainfall during the summer months is 11.52 inches. A researcher of PAG-
ASA selects a random sample of 10 provinces and finds that the average amount of
rainfall last year was 7.42 inches with a standard deviation of 1.3 inches. Can it be
concluded that the PAG-ASA is correct at 0.01 level of significance?
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References
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