e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL KELİME SORULARI 5.

According to a study, young people in the

Middle East between 15 and 29 years of age ----
For these questions, choose the best word(s) or about one-third of the region’s population.
expression(s) to fill the space(s).
A) constitute B) resign

1. Information about a person that might be C) absorb D) spread

acquired during a study must be treated as
confidential and not made available to E) maintain
others without his or her ----.
(e-YDS 2015/5)
A) consent B) identity
6. The earliest music for movies was played live in
C) appointment D) integration the cinema to ---- the silent image and enhance its
mood.
E) resentment
A) receive B) diminish
(e-YDS 2014/3)
C) eradicate D) accompany
2. Fairy tales are understood to be stories for
children, ---- through millennia, with characters E) verify
who are typical and common rather than unique
and who embody good or evil in direct ways. (e-YDS 2015/6)

A) passed down B) cut off 7. Despite delivering calcium and protein, drinking
a lot of milk does not provide a net health benefit
C) set out D) given in for women and may even ----- their long- term
survival prospects.
E) blown up
A) compensate B) withdraw
(e-YDS 2014/4)
C) foster D) hinder
3. Following the agricultural revolution, a large
E) fulfill
scale transition from hunting and gathering to
agriculture, humans contributed to the ---- of
(e-YDS 2015/7)
many large land mammals on the planet.
8. Workers should expect to return to school
A) fluctuation B) irritation
several times during their working lives just to ----
developments in their fields.
C) extinction D) refraction
A) keep up with B) go along with
E) division
C) cut down on D) do away with
(e-YDS 2015/1)
E) fall behind with
4. Human beings’ ability to discriminate sounds at
a very early age appears to be ---- not only in the
(e-YDS 2015/8)
mother tongue but also in other languages.

A) eventual B) defensive

C) evident D) frustrating

E) responsive

(e-YDS 2015/2)
9. Floods occur when heavy rain falls, ---- so much 13. Although women make up nearly half of the
water that it cannot seep into the soil or flow labour force in South Africa, most of them work in
away into rivers and lakes or run into drains. lower-wage sectors, ---- domestic service.

A) coping with B) putting off A) particularly B) undoubtedly

C) resulting in D) emerging from C) loosely D) dramatically

E) switching to E) vitally

(e-YDS 2015/9) (e-YDS 2016/1)

10. Managing traffic flow at peak periods and 14. The nervous systems of all animals have a
dealing with incidents, such as crashes, are ---- number of basic functions in common, most ----
problems for transport planners. the control of movement and the analysis of
sensation.
A) challenging B) instructive
A) notably B) promptly
C) accessible D) favorable
C) deniably D) approximately
E) functional
E) fairly
(e-YDS 2015/10)
(e-YDS 2016/3)
11. Knowing that consuming more will not ---- buy
us more happiness suggests that it is time to 15. While honesty is valued as a way of
rethink the spending choices we make every day. maintaining control over children, it is also seen
as a valuable ---- for adulthood.
A) necessarily B) accidentally
A) trait B) sight
C) strictly D) externally
C) clue D) custom
E) hazardously
E) item
(e-YDS 2015/11)
(e-YDS 2016/4)
12. A growing number of people are ----
alternatives to antidepressant medications, and 16. Age ---- causes a physical decline and our risk
new research suggests that acupuncture could be of developing certain diseases such as heart
a promising option. disease and osteoporosis increases.

A) seeking B) returning A) uncommonly B) irrationally

C) denying D) abandoning C) inevitably D) unpredictably

E) magnifying E) inappropriately

(e-YDS 2015/12) (e-YDS 2016/5)

17. British education ---- some very big changes in 21. Although Greenland, in the Arctic Ocean, is
the post-war era regarding economy, education, the world’s largest island, few people live there
art and society. because it is almost ---- covered in snow and ice.

A) withdrew B) overestimated A) permanently B) simultaneously

C) upgraded D) accused C) attractivey D) environmentally

E) underwent E) bluntly

(e-YDS 2016/6) (e-YDS 2016/11)

18. Because much of the interior of South America 22. A recent study has found that coffee contains
is ----, all its major population centers are along ---- higher levels of soluble dietary fiber than
the coast. other common beverages, even orange juice.

A) uninhabitable B) indescribable A) significantly B) ambiguously

C) irreversible D) immobile C) dangerously D) compulsively

E) dislocated E) elaborately

(e-YDS 2016/8) (e-YDS 2016/12)

19. The safety of football continues to be a heated 23. According to the term ‘internal realism’ in
topic for players and parents, with abundant philosophy, scientific theories are not true ----
evidence ---- the effect of head injuries on mental but only relative to large-scale conceptual
illnesses. schemes.

A) countering B) enhancing A) incidentally B) absolutely

C) revealing D) reversing C) gradually D) doubtfully

E) eliminating E) severely

(e-YDS 2016/9) (e-YDS 2017/1)

20. Social psychologists construct and test 24. For the first time, a robot has successfully
theories of human social behaviour, and these operated on live soft tissue without human ----.
theories ---- assumptions about social behaviour
and relationships between social and A) abduction B) disruption
psychological processes.
C) liberation D) intervention
A) take down B) put aside
E) revelation
C) rest on D) turn against
(e-YDS 2017/2)
E) give up

(e-YDS 2016/10)
25. Blood has always had a cultural significance, 29. Due to a ---- of safety systems and units,
symbolic of the essence of life; but the process of elevators are the safest means of mass
transfusion – replacing blood with blood – only transportation, without which it would be
became an accepted and ---- practice in the 20th impossible to imagine buildings higher than a few
century. stories.

A) restrictive B) reliable A) portrayal B) foundation

C) notorious D) demanding C) combination D) proportion

E) deceptive E) reassurance
(e-YDS 2017/3)
(e-YDS 2017/7)
26. By the 1890s many public libraries in the
United States began to ---- special sections with 30. An increasing problem of the industrial age is
books for children, but it was not until 1895 when the ---- of substances into the atmosphere,
the first library was constructed with a room causing harm to the environment.
specifically designed for children.
A) release B) disturbance
A) figure out B) carry out
C) contribution D) pattern
C) give up D) break down
E) outcome
E) set up
(e-YDS 2017/8)
(e-YDS 2017/4)
31. The most common side effect from receiving
27. The eighteenth century was a great age of amifostine ─ a medicine that helps protect certain
exploration, as it became ---- intertwined with tissues of the body from damage caused by
science. chemotherapy or radiation therapy ─ is a lowering
of blood pressure, which occurs in ---- 62% of
A) arguably B) accidentally patients treated.

C) increasingly D) jointly
A) alternatively B) coincidentally
E) temporarily
C) approximately D) fundamentally
(e-YDS 2017/5)
E) permanently
28. When you buy from an online merchant, you
trust that they are a ---- business that will send (e-YDS 2017/9)
you the goods you order and not just take your
money and run. 32. It is not necessary to eliminate all mosquitoes
to ---- diseases like Zika and malaria because their
A) legitimate B) profitable numbers can be reduced to the point that these
diseases fail to get passed on at a sustainable
C) vulnerable D) functional rate.

E) substantial A) keep up with B) get rid of

(e-YDS 2017/6) C) make up for D) put up with

E) run out of

(e-YDS 2017/10)
33. Understanding the nature of culture in
relation to communication helps to explain the
process that individuals ---- in adapting to new
relationships, groups, organizations, societies and
the cultures of each.

A) hand down B) sum up

C) take out D) go through

E) put across

(e-YDS 2018/1)

34. Where land is ----, floating solar farms make it

possible to generate renewable energy without
taking up space that might be needed for farming
or other purposes.

A) contaminated B) vacant

C) scarce D) endurable

E) communal

(e-YDS 2018/2)

35. Attachment is an emotional bond, usually

between child and parent, characterised by the
child’s ---- to seek and maintain proximity to the
parent, especially under stressful conditions.

A) reluctance B) tendency

C) opportunity D) permission

E) approach

(e-YDS 2018/3)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.A 21.A

2.A 22.A

3.C 23.B

4.C 24.D

5.A 25.B

6.D 26.E

7.D 27.C

8.A 28.A

9.C 29.C

10.A 30.A

11.A 31.C

12.A 32.B

13.A 33.D

14.A 34.C

15.A 35.B

16.C

17.E

18.A

19.C

20.C
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL TENSE SORULARI 4. ‐‐‐‐ the application of radioactive decay to
dating rocks, British geologist Arthur Holmes ‐‐‐‐
For these questions, choose the best word(s) or throughout the 1920s on trying to understand the
expression(s) to fill the space(s). Earth's interior.

1. The Beatles is a British pop group, ---- in A) To have pioneered / had worked
Liverpool in 1960, ---- at that time of John Lennon,
Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Pete Best. B) Having pioneered / worked

A) forming / having consisted C) Pioneering / could work

B) having formed / to be consisting D) Being pioneered / would have worked

C) having been formed / consisted E) Pioneered / had been working

D) formed / consisting (e-YDS 2016/3)

E) to be formed / to consist 5. Walter Dill Scott of Northwestern University

suggested that advertisers ---- certain
(e-YDS 2015/5) fundamental principles on which ---- a rational
theory of advertising.
2. In mammals, if the body becomes too warm,
the hypothalamus in the brain signals the sweat A) can develop / constructing
glands ---- it by ---- sweat.
B) had to develop / having constructed
A) cooling / to release
C) could develop / to be constructed
B) to cool / releasing
D) should develop / to construct
C) to be cooled / being released
E) might have developed / being constructed
D) having cooled / to be releasing
(e-YDS 2016/5)
E) being cooled / to be released
6. Tiny bioelectronic devices surgically ---- on
(e-YDS 2015/10) nerves interfere with and change the body's own
processes ---- them function better.
3. Theoretically, same sex siblings ---- with the
same selection of chromosomes, but the odds of A) implanting / making
this happening ---- about 70 trillion.
B) implanted / to make
A) could be created / would be
C) being implanted / to have made
B) are created / had to be
D) to be implanted / having made
C) had been created / may be
E) to implant / to be making
D) were created / should be
(e-YDS 2016/8)
E) have to be created / must be

(e-YDS 2015/12)
7. Cancerous cells ---- dormant in a person's lungs 10. Certain activities, odours and images ---- a
for decades, ---- to diversify and spread. stress response that causes physiological
symptoms in asthma patients, so doctors ----
A) should lie / to wait sufferers not to overreact to things that are
harmless.
B) must lie / having waited
A) were going to elicit / used to warn
C) can lie / waiting
B) may elicit / should warn
D) could lie / wait
C) could elicit / had to warn
E) may lie / to have waited
D) can elicit / would warn
(e-YDS 2016/9)
E) might elicit / must have warned
8. Drugs that tone down or erase memory ----
anxiety in skiers and other athletes who ---- (e-YDS 2016/12)
frightening falls or crashes while practicing their
sport. 11. Most immigrants aim ---- their economic
situation, which involves ---- employment in their
A) might prevent / have had new destination country.

B) must prevent / have A) improving / to find

C) should have prevented / had B) to be improving / having found

D) used to prevent / will have C) to have improved / to be finding

E) might have prevented / are having D) to improve / finding

(e-YDS 2016/10) E) having improved / to have found

9. Grey cats are said ---- to Europe from Syria (e-YDS 2017/2)
during the Crusades, and by the 18th century, one
of these cats called 'Charteux' ---- well- 12. In 1800 few people, either in Europe or the
established. Americas, ---- that 25 years later all of Spain’s
mainland American colonies ---- independent
A) having been brought / would become republics.

B) to have brought / was to become A) could have anticipated / would be

C) to be brought / has become B) must have anticipated / used to be

D) being brought / became C) had to anticipate / should have been

E) to have been brought / had become D) would anticipate / could have been

(e-YDS 2016/11) E) should have anticipated / could be

(e-YDS 2017/5)
13. ---- animal behaviour, ethology considers the
fine details of individual species behaviour in
relation to properties of the natural environment
to which the species ----.

A) Studying / have adapted

B) To study / had adapted

C) Having studied / would have adapted

D) Being studied / are adapting

E) To be studied / adapted

(e-YDS 2018/1)

14. However galaxies formed and evolved, the

process ---- quickly very early in the history of the
universe because the age of the oldest galaxies ---
- to be not much younger than the age of the
universe.

A) must have occurred / appears

B) used to occur / would appear

C) had to occur / had appeared

D) should have occurred / has appeared

E) could have occurred / appeared

(e-YDS 2018/2)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.D 8.A

2.B 9.E

3.A 10.B

4.B 11.D

5.D 12.A

6.B 13.A

7.C 14.A
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL BAĞLAÇ SORULARI 5. ---- you have found a fossil, it needs to be
studied scientifically in order to reveal its identity
For these questions, choose the best word(s) or as well as more detailed aspects of its
expression(s) to fill the space(s). appearance.

1. ---- some sports injuries are clearly unavoidable A) Once B) Only if

accidents, many can be prevented by taking
simple precautions before starting exercise. C) Until D) Whether

A) Since B) While E) Before

C) Once D) Only if (e-YDS 2015/9)

E) Just as 6. ---- our understanding of the origins of human

cognition has greatly improved in recent years,
(e-YDS 2014/3) we can expect far greater developments to come.

2. People tend to put less effort into task A) Unless B) Until

performance in groups than when alone ---- the
task is involving and interesting or their C) Although D) Now that
contribution is clearly identifiable.
E) Whenever
A) unless B) until
(e-YDS 2016/1)
C) only if D) as though
7. ---- a metropolis can build new power plants to
E) as long as meet a rising need for electricity, our muscles
respond to the demands of exercise by producing
(e-YDS 2014/4) tiny new structures inside cells that supply the
body with energy.
3. ---- jet airliners, highways, and high-speed rail
routes, we can go on long-distance journeys that A) Now that B) Even though
would have been unthinkable just a few decades
ago. C) Only if D) Just as

A) In spite of B) Thanks to E) In case

C) Unlike D) Apart from (e-YDS 2016/4)

E) As well as 8. The range of objects that art historians study is

constantly expanding and now includes
(e-YDS 2015/2) computer-generated images, ---- in the past
almost nothing produced using a machine would
4. ---- male and female roles have become less have been regarded as art.
sharply differentiated in some societies than they
were in the past, they are still a very important A) in case B) as though
source of inequality and difference.
C) because D) unless
A) Unless B) Although
E) whereas
C) Whenever D) Because
(e-YDS 2017/8)
E) Until

(e-YDS 2015/8)
9. Helicopters enjoy a unique position in aviation
as they can start flying perpendicularly, hover
over a single spot, fly slowly, and fly backward;
----, they have many flexible uses.

A) however B) otherwise

C) similarly D) as a result

E) for example

(e-YDS 2017/9)

10. According to Greek mythology, ---- was

Hermes, the god of deception, born ---- he
showed his craftiness; on the first day of his life,
he stole cattle belonging to his brother Apollo.

A) not only/ but also B) either / or

C) rather / than D) no sooner / than

E) as / as

(e-YDS 2017/10)

11. The Enlightenment was an intellectual current

that flowed across Europe and beyond during the
18th century ---- an explosion in printing and
widespread use of the French language.

A) except for B) as opposed to

C) such as D) thanks to

E) in spite of

(e-YDS 2018/3)
CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.B

2.A

3.B

4.B

5.A
11D

6.D

7.D

8.E

9.D

10.D

11.D
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL PREPOSITION 4. Nicaragua’s economy is mainly based on
agriculture, with fishing ---- the coasts, but it also
SORULARI
has large deposits of minerals that are mined ----
For these questions, choose the best word(s) or export.
expression(s) to fill the space(s).
A) off / through
1. Rail passes that give you unlimited travel ----
fixed periods are useful in countries and regions B) on / under
---- extensive rail networks.
C) in / toward
A) over / from
D) along / for
B) at / off
E) at / by
C) to / by
(e-YDS 2017/1)
D) on / in
5. ---- many countries in which adoption is
E) for / with practiced, there are variations ---- the age when
children are adopted, and the type of adoption.
(e-YDS 2015/6)
A) Among / for
2. Time seems to pass at the same rate ----
everyone, but Einstein’s theory of relativity shows B) At / by
that time is not constant ---- the Universe.
C) Throughout / in
A) for / throughout
D) Along / on
B) on / about
E) With / from
C) to / on
(e-YDS 2017/3)
D) from / in
6. Biology classifies living things ---- groups on the
E) among / at basis of specific shared characteristics, and then
these groups are arranged ---- a hierarchical
(e-YDS 2015/7) system.

3. By creating a bird flu virus that could spread ---- A) at / towards

mammals, biologists have sparked an urgent
debate ---- how best to protect the public from B) into / within
biothreats.
C) onto / about
A) into / from
D) from / behind
B) at / about
E) for / over
C) among / over
(e-YDS 2017/4)
D) upon / for

E) by / against

(e-YDS 2016/6)
7. ---- selective breeding, people have long
exercised indirect influence ---- the genetic
makeup of plants and animals; however, today
genetic technologies make it possible to directly
manipulate an organism’s genes.

A) Upon / against

B) Through / over

C) From / about

D) Across / behind

E) With / along

(e-YDS 2017/6)

8. Artists use perspective ---- to make the object

appear to have dimensions ---- to cause it to
appear close up or in the distance or to suggest a
feeling of space.

A) so / that

B) not only / but also

C) such / that

D) the more / the more

E) as / as

(e-YDS 2017/7)

9. On 14 February 1990, the space probe Voyager

I reached a distance of some six billion kilometres
---- the Earth, speeding away from us ---- its
journey past the planets and into outer space.

A) off / about

B) by / toward

C) from / on

D) to / beyond

E) for / through

(e-YDS 2015/11)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.E

2.A

3.C

4.D

5.C

6.B

7.B

8.B

9.C
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA 3. In Mesopotamia, where the soil was
particularly fertile, large-scale farming became
SORULARI
possible ----.
For these questions, choose the best option to
complete the given sentence. A) once irrigation methods had developed to
supply the land with water

1. If the Sun were the size of a volleyball, ----. B) even though it was possible to produce food for
non-farmers such as workers
A) the Earth would be about the size of a pinhead
C) whenever frequent rainfall made the area
B) some planets were far smaller and others vastly susceptible to destruction
longer than the Earth
D) in case there were draughts and people were
C) the Sun differs from the planets in more than not fed adequately
just size
E) if the king had allowed peasants to pay less
D) the Sun can generate energy in its core by taxes for the services there presented
nuclear reactions
(e-YDS 2015/1)
E) the other planets would be held in
gravitational balance 4. Ritual and ceremony have been part of our
lives ----.
(e-YDS 2014/3)
A) since they provide powerful ways to symbolize
2. ----, the World Wide Web is not the same thing and celebrate our achievements
as the Internet.
B) while making up your own ceremony may carry
A) Although many people treat them as negative message from your past
synonymous
C) only if we have made peace with who we are
B) For it is as much a set of principles as a and how we become that way
technology
D) although these exercises leave us at ease with
C) Because the Internet is the most important our present and past
digital service available
E) and extinguishing a candle on your birthday can
D) Since the idea for the Web was born in 1989 only help bakeries

E) With the rapid spread of websites and browser (e-YDS 2015/2)

technology

(e-YDS 2014/4)
5. ----, so it is not surprising to see that they are 7. Metallurgy, the use of metals, started at
popular and increasing in circulation in larger different times across the globe, ----.
markets.
A) as the West developed the technology to make
A) Advertisers may sometimes be unwilling to cast iron during the 16th century
commit a substantial portion of their total ad
budget to Sunday papers B) so that metal could be worked into any shape
when struck
B) In a few regions, Sunday papers exceeding three
hundred pages are not uncommon, C) but by the first millennium BC it was extensively
practised
C) Sunday papers provide something for everyone
by offering massive diets of news, sports, travel, D) even if ealy metallurgists often preferentially
and other service features exploited copper ores

D) When compared to modern ones, old Sunday E) since iron was extracted from the bloom by
papers were providing more family reading repeated hammering and heating
material
(e-YDS 2015/7)
E) Sunday papers are expensive to produce and
require a separate editor and additional staff 8. Although coming into contact with the bodies
of Ebola victims during funerals is inevitable, ----.
(e-YDS 2015/5)
A) the World Health Organization has made
6. In order to have a well-balanced diet and to additional funding available
avoid nutritional problems, ------.
B) little effort has been made to inform people
A) people may not be able to buy a variety of foods about the risks
all year round
C) people have been categorized into various
B) we should consider the possibility of living contact groups
longer
D) hospitals have installed high technology
C) common food allergens include peanuts, eggs diagnosis software
and fish
E) innovatios towards record keeping have
D) whole-wheat bread might help fill you up archived all cases

E) one should eat a range of healthy foods in the (e-YDS 2015/8)

correct proportions

(e-YDS 2015/6)
9. Fulfilling the outdoor play needs of young 11. ----, insects flourish in every land habitat and
children is a challenging task, ----. play a key role in the global ecosystem.

A) even though focusing on what children should A) Although they recycle dead plants and animals
be able to do outside is important
B) While they are the most numerous of the
B) so children, especially those at preschool age, animals with tough external skeletons
spend more time in the playground
C) Even if the eyes of adult insects are made up of
C) and playgrounds are controlled spaces where tiny lenses
children release some physical energy
D) If many touch-sensitive bristles on the insect's
D) but children experience fewer and fewer body help to detect air movement
opportunities to explore nature
E) Because they have developed amazing
E) because a variety of factors such as supervision adaptations
and safety must be considered
(e-YDS 2015/11)
(e-YDS 2015/9)
12. When a local, native language is not embraced
10. ---- but they can also appear elsewhere, at by younger generations, ----.
hotspots where rock moves upward from deep
inside the Earth. A) our understanding is still quite imperfect as to
why a language death occurs
A) The outside layer of the Earth is broken up into
giant pieces called tectonic plates B) the linguistic diversity is found in places with
small and sparsely distributed populations
B) Volcanic activity has contributed to the creation
of large portions of the Earth’s surface C) it is shocking to learn that almost 40 percent of
languages are now endangered
C) Thinner plates, such as those under oceans, lead
to more volcanic activity D) its demise draws nearer with the passing of
each native speaker
D) Volcanoes often form near the boundaries
between tectonic plates E) linguistic extinction is happening much faster
under the pressure of globalization
E) It is almost impossible to guess the exact time of
volcanic eruptions (e-YDS 2015/12)

(e-YDS 2015/10)
13. Although the greenhouse gas emissions 15. Today hoatzins, the Amazon’s mystery birds,
generated by pollution were relatively small at live only in South America, ----.
first, ----.
A) although the hoatzin is one of the most
A) they grew dramatically as more countries interesting species in the bird kingdom
industrialized
B) as young hoatzins have claws on their wings, like
B) it was in no country’s interest to reduce them their dinosaur ancestors
until recently
C) while the oldest hoatzin fossil dates back to 34
C) carbon dioxide emissions by the US have million years ago
decreased since the 1950s
D) but the oldest known fossil of these odd birds
D) in 2007, the EU decided to take further essential reveals they once roamed France
steps towards reducing them
E) because there is enough evidence that they
E) the effects of the emissions on climate change evolved in South America
have been ignored by a number of countries
(e-YDS 2016/4)
(e-YDS 2016/1)
16. Ever since psychologists started studying
14. Even though nearly all people are equipped intelligence, ----.
with the biological hardware to produce a wide
range of notes, ‐‐‐‐. A) common measuring factors of intelligence
include memory, attention and concentration
A) many neurobiologists have investigated musical
ability B) it is meant to represent how generally
intelligent you are based on your performance
B) most people are quite good at timing and note
memory C) some psychologists come up with a test of
mental abilities
C) the relationship between song and language
needs to be studied D) they have relied heavily on psychological tests
for their concepts
D) musical talent, especially singing, varies
between human beings E) the first ad most popular form of intelligence is
called the two-factor theory
E) some people with musical aptitude carry a tune
easily (e-YDS 2016/5)

(e-YDS 2016/3)
17. Even though credit cards seem to be 19. Although plants can be highly diverse in
everywhere today and are a basic requirement of appearance, ----.
Internet shopping, ----.
A) their leaves might come in different shapes and
A) recently some banks have issued cards sizes depending on where they grow
containing microchips that are activated with a
personal identification number B) most share characteristic structures such as
leaves and roots
B) they have only been around since the 1950s
when a club card was issued as the first general C) photosynthesis is a process in which plants
credit card capture and use the sunlight

C) the advantages of these cards in terms of D) their basic similarity can be confusing
security and universality make them suitable for
online shopping E) seed plants are a highly diverse and widely
distributed group
D) they may eventually replace the use of paper
money in certain situations (e-YDS 2016/9)

E) they consist of hundreds of tiny magnetic 20. While physiological factors such as fat
particles contained in a film of plastic regulation and metabolic rate are important
determinants of body weight, ----.
(e-YDS 2016/6)
A) there might be not a single disorder but a host
18. Although the temple form is the most of disorders
important architectural type in Greek history, ----.
B) overweigt people tend to eat more when they
A) there are a number of other kinds of structures are tense or anxious
to consider such as the theater and tombs
C) the self-perception of being overweight is
B) the history of Greek architecture is essentially common among women
the history of the development of the Greek
Temple D) there is no question that overeating can also
cause obesity
C) the earliest examples of temples of the Greek
age can be deduced from archaeological evidence E) there can be a contribution to a high incidence
of diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease
D) the Parthenon in Athens might be one of the
best-preserved Greek temples in the modern world (e-YDS 2016/10)

E) the Temple of Olympian Zeus was one of the

largest in Athens in the antiquity

(e-YDS 2016/8)
21. As robots advance into the service industries, 23. Since water is much more resistant to
----. movement compared to air, ----.

A) they are starting to look less like machines and A) there are some examples of swimmers who won
more like living creatures medals due to the shape of their body

B) their work will be of no value in the emerging B) the main factor that determines your success in
industries water is how developed your digestive system is

C) they have been doing manual jobs since the C) athletes transfer as much of their own energy as
1960s possible into their resistance exercises outside the
pool
D) they cannot be replaced by human beings
D) full body wimsuits have been banned from
E) they are machines that can perform a contests because they give swimmers an extra
complicated series of tasks automatically advantage in water

(e-YDS 2016/11) E) swimmers have to use four times as much

energy as runners to cover the same distance
22. Although the terms ‘stress’ and ‘anxiety’ are
used interchangeably in everyday life, ----. (e-YDS 2017/1)

A) stress is experienced by most people as a 24. Although almost every type of packaged food
pattern of physiological responses to real or today features calorie counts on the labelling, ----.
imagined stimuli
A) their counts are based on our understanding of
B) stress and anxiety have attracted research human digestion
interest in psychology
B) many people do not eat them when they pay
C) anxiety disorder may be defined as an emotional attention to the calorie content
discomfort characterised by worry and tension
C) our immune system distinguishes good food
D) psychologists believe that stress is a much from bad food
broader term than anxiety
D) most of them are inaccurate because they
E) 'stressors' are the environmental demands that ignore the complexity of human digestion
people face under pressure
E) our digestive system is hardly put to use for
(e-YDS 2016/12) some foods such as honey

(e-YDS 2017/2)
25. ---- so that fewer people are hurt or killed in 27. While the ultimate cause or causes of
accidents. Alzheimer’s disease are still unknown, ----.

A) Millions of people are injured each year in road A) other non-genetic causes have also been
crashes around the world studied in relation to the causes of this disease

B) Driving too fast is considered by authorities to B) vitamin E, which is an antioxidant, can be of

be a major cause of accidents benefit for people with this disease

C) Scientists are always looking for ways to C) a person with the disease may forget the names
improve safety on the roads of family members

D) Nine out of ten collisions with a pedestrian at 60 D) there are several risk factors that increase a
km/h are fatal person’s likelihood of developing the disease

E) There are many injuries in car accidents that go E) the symptoms of this disease begin gradually,
unreported usually with memory lapses

(e-YDS 2017/3) (e-YDS 2017/5)

26. Although a lot of studies have been carried 28. Although our bodies and brains continue
out over the decades to help the millions of transforming throughout life, ----.
people with spinal cord injuries, ----.
A) the most dramatic changes happen in infancy
A) researchers have achieved frustratingly little and during the teenage years
success so far
B) the brain of a baby has almost the same number
B) a new device has been offering hope for of cells as an adult's
treatment
C) brain cells form a dense web of connections to
C) three patients at Kentucky Spinal Cord Center in each other helping us learn new skills
the US have received their implants
D) the physical changes are accompanied by
D) electrical stimulation is one of the most emotional and behavioural changes
effective methods to help patients
E) changes in an area called the reticular formation
E) reawakening connections between the brain and allow a child to pay attention for longer periods
the lower body is essential
(e-YDS 2017/6)
(e-YDS 2017/4)
29. ---- in case the expected technological aids for 31. People are generally advised not to take naps
their presentation do not function properly. ----.

A) It is suggested that speakers talk to the A) given that naps and caffeine combined are
audience as if they were talking to one person effective in combating midday sleepiness

B) Much research has been conducted on ways in B) because they can disturb the normal pattern of
which public speeches can be presented effectively sleep and wakefulness

C) It is important for speakers to prepare a C) as long as they can improve alertness,

presentation that does not extend past the allotted performance and mood
time
D) since napping at particular times of day can be
D) Speakers should be able to change the message more beneficial than at other times
to include more examples
E) even though they can negatively affect night-
E) Good public speakers make sure that they have time sleep quality
alternative strategies prepared
(e-YDS 2017/9)
(e-YDS 2017/7)
32. ----, the most promising ones are the
30. Because the gasoline used by most cars causes harnessing of tidal power and ocean thermal
pollution and adds to global warming, ----. energy conversion.

A) car manufacturers are turning to electric A) Despite the differences between high and low
engines that can use energy from cleaner sources water levels

B) gasoline is also used in light trucks, motorcycles, B) While there are several issues related to the
small aircraft, and boats efficiency of oceanic tidal power

C) people use about 385 million gallons of gasoline C) Once methods are found to monitor ocean
per day in the US temperature near the tropics

D) burning a gallon of gasoline produces about D) Although here are several ways of utilizing
19.6 pounds of carbon dioxide energy from the oceans

E) biofuels are plant-derived liquid fuels that can E) Because energy conversion relies on
be used as alternatives to gasoline temperature differences rather than tide strength

(e-YDS 2017/8) (e-YDS 2017/10)

33. Even though some herbal remedies may show 35. While children's literature specialists have
beneficial effects, ----. begun to acknowledge the significance of
modernity in texts produced for children, ----.
A) scientists continue to investigate and discover
new medicinal uses of plants A) children often relate modernism in literature
only with science-fiction
B) plant materials are the basis for many of our
most helpful medications B) critics think that there should be such a thing as
modernist children's literature
C) most show little evidence of providing any
health benefits C) mainstream literary studies of modernism
remain ignorant of texts for children
D) the popularity of herbal products continues to
increase D) cultural dynamics of modernism might
contribute to children's literature
E) the use of some plant remedies dates back
thousands of years E) children's literature is a genre with its own
independent traditions and development
(e-YDS 2018/1)
(e-YDS 2018/3)
34. ----, and as a result, the national cultural scene
is very vibrant.

A) The Sydney Opera House is one of Australia’s

most recognizable symbols

B) People in Australia devote much of their time

and money to artistic pursuits

C) Low-budget soap operas recorded in Australia

have become high-earning exports

D) Australians think that their country lives up to

its nickname ‘the lucky country’

E) Going to the beach is almost a national pastime

for Australians

(e-YDS 2018/2)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.A 21.A

2.A 22.D

3.A 23.E

4.A 24.D

5.C 25.C

6.E 26.A

7.C 27.D

8.B 28.A

9.E 29.E

10.D 30.A
E
11.E 31.B

12.D 32.D

13.A 33.C

14.D 34.B

15.D 35.C

16.D

17.B

18.A

19.B

20.D
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL ÇEVİRİ SORULARI 2. Yetenek ve başarı testleri arasındaki geleneksel
ayrım, başarı testlerinin sınırlı bir süre içinde
For these questions, choose the most accurate edinilen belli bilgilerin ve becerilerin ölçülmesi
Turkish translation of the sentences in English, için tasarlanmış olmasıdır.
and the most accurate English translation of the
sentences in Turkish. A) The traditional distinction between ability and
achievement tests is that the latter is designed to
1. İlk olarak kraliyet konutu olarak inşa edilen measure specific knowledge or skills that are
Lüksemburg Sarayı, hapishaneden askerî acquired over a restricted span of time.
karargâha varıncaya kadar çeşitli amaçlarla
kullanılmıştır. B) With regard to the traditional distinction
between the ability and achievement tests, the
A) The Luxembourg Palace, which was initially built latter promotes the use of a restricted period of
as a royal residence, was also used for many time to measure specific knowledge and skills.
purposes, from prison to military headquarters.
C) The difference between ability and achievement
B) Initially built as a royal residence, the tests is that the latter one is traditionally designed
Luxembourg Palace was later used for other to measure specific knowledge and skills acquired
purposes, from prison to military headquarters. in a certain period of time.

C) The Luxembourg Palace was used for several D) The traditional difference between ability and
purposes, from prison to military headquarters, achievement tests is the restriction of time in the
although it was first built as a royal residence. latter, which is designed to measure specific
knowledge and skills.
D) First built as a royal residence, the Luxembourg
Palace has been used for various purposes, from E) The designs of ability and achievement tests are
prison to military headquarters. traditionally different, as the latter one is designed
to measure specific knowledge or skills acquired in
E) The Luxembourg Palace, built as a royal a limited period of time.
residence, was also suitable for other purposes
such as a prison and military headquarters. (e-YDS 2014/4)

(e-YDS 2014/3) 3. The real meaning of a society cannot be found

in its constitution but in the actions and beliefs of
its people and its leaders.

A) Bir toplumun gerçek değeri anayasasında değil,

insanlarının ve liderlerinin davranışları ve
inançlarında bulunabilir.

B) Bir toplumun gerçek değeri söylendiği gibi

anayasasında değil, insanlarının ve liderlerinin
davranışları ve inançlarında bulunabilir.

C) Bir toplumun gerçek değerini bulmak için

anayasasına değil, insanlarının ve liderlerinin
davranışları ve inançlarına bakılması gerekir.

D) Bir toplumun gerçek değeri sadece anayasasında

bulunmaz, aynı zamanda insanlarının ve liderlerinin
davranışları ve inançlarına bakılmalıdır.

E) Bir toplumun gerçek değeri anayasasında

bulunamayacağı için insanlarının ve liderlerinin
davranışları ve inançlarında bulunabilir.

(e-YDS 2015/1)
4. Problem çözmede bireylerin mi yoksa grupların 6. Deforestation may have increased global
mı daha başarılı olacağı yerine getirilecek göreve carbon dioxide levels during the agrarian era, but
bağlıdır. the use of fossil fuels since the Industrial
Revolution has greatly increased these levels.
A) Whether individuals or groups will be more
successful in solving problems depends on the type A) Ormanların yok edilmesi küresel karbondioksit
of task to be performed. seviyelerini tarımsal dönem boyunca arttırmıştır ve
bu seviyeler Sanayi Devrimi'nden itibaren fosil
B) Despite the type of task that needs to be yakıtların kullanılmasıyla iyice artmıştır.
performed, groups will be more successful than
individuals in solving problems. B) Ormanların yok edilmesi küresel karbondioksit
seviyelerini tarımsal dönem boyunca arttırmış olsa
C) Regardless of the type of task to be performed, da bu seviyeleri asıl yükselten Sanayi Devrimi’nden
groups and individuals should work as successfully itibaren fosil yakıtların kullanılmasıdır.
as they can to solve problems.
C) Ormanların yok edilmesi küresel karbondioksit
D) If individuals are more successful than groups in seviyelerini tarımsal dönem boyunca arttırmış
solving problems, they will need to work on olabilir ancak Sanayi Devrimi'nden itibaren fosil
important tasks. yakıtların kullanılması bu seviyeleri iyice artırmıştır.

E) Since problem solving is important, it will not D) Ormanların yok edilmesi, küresel karbondioksit
matter whether individuals or groups are more seviyelerini tarımsal dönem boyunca arttırmakla
successful. birlikte Sanayi Devrimi'nden itibaren fosil yakıtların
da kullanılması bu seviyelerin iyice artmasına
(e-YDS 2015/2) neden olmuştur.

5. Tea reached France at the same time as other E) Sanayi Devrimi'nden itibaren fosil yakıtların
European countries, at the start of the 17th kullanılması zaten tarımsal dönem boyunca
century, but its consumption was initially ormanların yok edilmesi yüzünden artmış olan
confined to Paris. küresel karbondioksit seviyelerini iyice artırmıştır.

A) Çay, Fransa'ya 17. yüzyılın başında diğer Avrupa (e-YDS 2015/6)

ülkeleriyle aynı zamanda gelse de çay tüketimi
başlangıçta Paris ile sınırlı kalmıştır.

B) Fransa'ya diğer Avrupa ülkeleriyle aynı zamanda

gelen çayın tüketimi 17. yüzyılın başında Paris ile
sınırlı kalmıştır.

C) Tüketimi başlangıçta Paris ile sınırlı kalsa da çay,

17. yüzyılın başında diğer Avrupa ülkelerine Fransa
ile aynı zamanda gelmiştir.

D) Çay, Fransa'ya 17. yüzyılın başında diğer Avrupa

ülkeleriyle aynı zamanda gelmesine rağmen çay
tüketimi Paris ile sınırlı kalmıştır.

E) Çay, Fransa'ya 17. yüzyılın başında, diğer Avrupa

ülkeleriyle aynı zamanda gelmiştir fakat çayın
tüketimi başlangıçta Paris ile sınırlı
kalmıştır.

(e-YDS 2015/5)
7. Sera etkisi nedeniyle meydana gelen ısınma, 8. The reason why Germany has been able to
fırtınaların sıklığını ve şiddetini artırmasa bile, sustain its competitiveness against manufacturers
muhtemelen yağmur ve kar yağışının in Asia and elsewhere is that it has made good
zamanlamasını, süresini ve dağılımını use of new technology.
değiştirecektir.
A) Almanya'nın Asya ve başka yerlerdeki üreticilere
A) Even though greenhouse warming does not karşı rekabet edebilirliğini sürdürebilmesinin
increase the frequency and severity of storms, it is sebebi yeni teknolojiyi iyi kullanmasıdır.
possible that the timing, duration, and distribution
of rain and snowfall will be influenced. B) Almanya'nın yeni teknolojiyi iyi kullanması, Asya
ve başka yerlerdeki üreticilere karşı rekabet
B) Whereas greenhouse warming does not edebilirliğini sürdürebilmesini sağlamıştır.
increase the frequency and severity of storms, it is
expected that it will alter the timing, duration, and C) Almanya, Asya ve başka yerlerdeki üreticilere
distribution of rain and snowfall. karşı rekabet edebilirliğini sürdürmektedir ve bunu
yeni teknolojiyi iyi kullanmasına borçludur.
C) Greenhouse warming does not increase the
frequency of and severity of storms unless it alters D) Asya ve başka yerlerdeki üreticilere karşı
the timing, duration, and distribution of rain and rekabet edebilirliğini sürdürebilen Almanya, yeni
snowfall. teknolojiyi iyi kullanmaktadır.

D) Even if greenhouse warming does not increase E) Almanya'nın Asya ve başka yerlerdeki üreticilere
the frequency and severity of storms, it is likely to karşı rekabet edebilirliğini sürdürebilmesinin
alter the timing, duration, and distribution of rain sebebi olarak yeni teknolojiyi iyi kullanması
and snowfall. gösterilebilir.

E) Greenhouse warming does not increase the (e-YDS 2015/8)

frequency and severity of storms, but it can change
the timing, duration, and distribution of rain and
snowfall.

(e-YDS 2015/7)
9. Whether somewhere is hot or cold is mainly to 10. Getting regular exercise might be beneficial
do with how close it is to the equator, but other for reducing the risk, or delaying the onset, of
factors, such as ocean currents and altitude, are Alzheimer, because neurons in the brain
also important. regenerate throughout life.

A) Bir yerin sıcak veya soğuk olması özellikle o yerin A) Beyindeki sinir hücreleri yaşam boyu
ekvatora ne kadar yakın olduğuyla ilgilidir fakat yenilenebildikleri için Alzheimer riskini azaltmak
okyanus dalgaları ve deniz seviyesinden yükseklik veya başlangıcını ertelemek için düzenli egzersize
gibi başka unsurlar da önemlidir. başlamak yararınıza olabilir.

B) Bir yerin ekvatora yakınlığı özellikle o yerin sıcak B) Düzenli egzersiz yapmak Alzheimer riskini
ve soğuk olması konusunda etkilidir fakat okyanus azaltmak veya başlangıcını ertelemek için yararlı
dalgaları ve deniz seviyesinden yükseklik de önemli olabilir, çünkü beyindeki sinir hücreleri yaşam
unsurlardandır. boyunca yenilenirler.

C) Bir yerin sıcak veya soğuk olması o yerin C) Alzheimer riskini azaltmak veya başlangıcını
ekvatora olan yakınlığıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir fakat geciktirmek istiyorsanız düzenli egzersiz yapmalı
okyanus dalgaları ve deniz seviyesinden yükseklik ve beyindeki sinir hücrelerinin yaşam boyu kendini
de bu konuda önemli unsurlar arasındadır. yenileme özelliğinden yararlanmalısınız.

D) Bir yerin sıcak ve soğuk olması o yerin ekvatora D) Beyindeki sinir hücreleri yaşam boyunca kendini
olan yakınlığına bağlıdır fakat okyanus dalgaları ve yenilediğinden düzenli egzersiz yapmak hem
deniz seviyesinden yükseklik de diğer önemli Alzheimer riskini azaltma hem de başlangıcını
unsurlar olarak görülür. geciktirme konusunda fayda sağlar.

E) Bir yerin sıcak veya soğuk olması o yerin E) Düzenli egzersiz yapmak Alzheimer riskini
ekvatora yakın veya uzak olmasının yanı sıra azaltma ve başlangıcını geciktirmede faydalı olduğu
okyanus dalgaları ve deniz seviyesinden yükseklik gibi beyindeki sinir hücrelerinin yaşam boyu
gibi başka unsurlarla da ilişkilidir. kendini yenilemesini de sağlar.

(e-YDS 2015/9) (e-YDS 2015/10)

11. Jeolojik kanıtlar iklim değişikliği sırasında 12. Etkileşimcilik, bir bütün olarak toplum yerine
yükselen deniz seviyelerinin erozyona sebep küçük ölçekli etkileşim üzerinde yoğunlaşması
olmuş olabileceğini ve bu erozyonun bakımından işlevselcilik, Marksizm ve birçok
okyanuslardaki kalsiyum ve potasyum gibi feminist teoriden farklıdır.
maddelerin seviyelerini arttırdığını gösteriyor.
A) What makes interactionism different from
A) Geological evidence suggests that rising sea functionalism, Marxism and most feminist theories
levels during the climate change must have caused is that it centres around small-scale interaction
erosion, increasing the levels of substances such as instead of society as a whole.
calcium and potassium in the oceans.
B) The main difference of interactionism from
B) According to geological evidence, rising sea functionalism, Marxism and most feminist theories
levels during the climate change may have caused is that it focuses more on small-scale interaction
erosion that led to an increase in the amount of than society as a whole.
substances like calcium and potassium in the
oceans. C) Interactionism differs from functionalism,
Marxism and most feminist theories in that it
C) Geological evidence shows that rising sea levels focuses on small-scale interaction rather than
triggered by the climate change might have society as a whole.
caused erosion that increased the amount of
substances like calcium and potassium in the D) If interactionism centred around society as a
oceans. whole instead of small-scale interaction, it would
be different from functionalism, Marxism and most
D) Geological evidence shows that rising sea levels feminist theories.
during the climate change could have caused
erosion, and this erosion boosted the levels of E) Functionalism, Marxism and most feminist
substances such as calcium and potassium in the theories are different from interactionism as they
oceans. study society as a whole rather than small- scale
interaction.
E) It has been shown by geological evidence that
rising sea levels during the climate change could (e-YDS 2016/1)
have caused erosion that increased the levels of
substances like calcium and potassium in the
oceans.

(e-YDS 2015/12)
13. Kablo ve uydu endüstrisi, filmlerin yüksek 14. There are no blood tests or brain scans for
kapasiteli sunuculara yerleştirileceği ve mental illnesses, so diagnoses can be subjective
müşterilerin istedikleri zaman bu filmleri sipariş and unreliable.
edebilecekleri dijital bir gelecek öngörmektedir.
A) Ruh hastalıklarının teşhislerini öznel ve
A) According to the predictions made by the cable güvenilmez kılan şey, bu hastalıklar için kan testi
and satellite industry, films will be placed on high veya beyin taraması bulunmamasıdır.
capacity servers, and customers will be able to
order those films when they want. B) Ruh hastalıklarına yönelik kan testi veya beyin
taraması kullanılmadığı için teşhisler öznel ve
B) It is predicted that thanks to the cable and güvenilmez kalabilir.
satellite industry in the digital future, customers
will be able to order films when they want if those C) Kan testi veya beyin taraması bulunmayan ruh
films are placed on high capacity servers. hastalıklarının teşhisleri, öznel ve güvenilmez
olabilmektedir.
C) The cable and satellite industry envisions a
digital future in which films will be placed on high D) Ruh hastalıkları için kan testi veya beyin
capacity servers and customers will be able to taraması bulunmamaktadır, bu yüzden teşhisler
order those films when they want. öznel ve güvenilmez olabilmektedir.

D) In the digital future that the cable and satellite E) Kan testi veya beyin taraması bulunsaydı, ruh
industry will create, customers will be able to order hastalıklarının teşhisleri öznel ve güvenilmez
films when those films are placed on high capacity olmayabilirdi.
servers.
(e-YDS 2016/4)
E) High capacity servers with films placed on them
are predicted by the cable and satellite industry to 15. Adult education has now become so
create a digital future where customers will be able important a feature of societies that it
to order films when they want. increasingly attracts more attention of
sociologists, politicians, and businesses.
(e-YDS 2016/3)
A) Yetişkin eğitimi günümüzde toplumların oldukça
önemli bir özelliği hâline gelmiştir, bu yüzden
toplum bilimcilerin, politikacıların ve işletmelerin
gittikçe daha çok dikkatini çekmektedir.

B) Yetişkin eğitimi günümüzde toplumların son

derece önemli bir özelliği hâline geldiği için toplum
bilimcilerin, politikacıların ve işletmelerin gittikçe
daha çok dikkatini çekmektedir.

C) Yetişkin eğitimi günümüzde toplumların o kadar

önemli bir özelliği hâline gelmiştir ki toplum
bilimcilerin, politikacıların ve işletmelerin gittikçe
daha çok dikkatini çekmektedir.

D) Yetişkin eğitimi günümüzde toplumlar için son

derece önemli bir hâl aldıkça, toplum bilimcilerin,
politikacıların ve işletmelerin gittikçe daha fazla
dikkatini çekmektedir.

E) Yetişkin eğitiminin günümüzde toplumlar için

oldukça önemli bir hâl alması, toplum bilimcilerin,
politikacıların ve işletmelerin gittikçe daha fazla
dikkatini çekmektedir.

(e-YDS 2016/5)
16. The newspaper sector has been negatively 17. Ebeveynler bir çocuğun bir başkasını
affected by the transition to digital applications, korkuttuğunu gösteren işaretlerin farkında olmalı
and its future survival relies upon creating ve böyle durumlarda okul idarecileriyle birlikte
feasible Internet models. çalışarak hemen harekete geçmelidirler.

A) Dijital uygulamalara yapılan geçiş gazetecilik A) When parents realize the signs of a child's
sektörünü olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir ve gelecekte bullying another, they should work together with
bu sektörün ayakta kalabilmesi için kullanışlı school administrators to take immediate action in
İnternet modelleri oluşturulmalıdır. such cases.

B) Gazetecilik sektörünün dijital uygulamalara geçiş B) Parents should realize the signs of bullying
sürecinden kötü bir şekilde etkilenmesinden among children and work together with school
dolayı gelecekte ayakta kalması ancak kullanışlı administrators in such cases taking immediate
İnternet modellerinin yaratılmasıyla mümkün action.
olacaktır.
C) Parents should be aware of the signs that a child
C) Dijital uygulamalara geçiş gazetecilik sektörünü is bullying another and, in such cases, take
olumsuz bir şekilde etkilediğinden, bu sektörün immediate action working together with school
gelecekte ayakta kalabilmesi için kullanışlı İnternet administrators.
modelleri oluşturulması kaçınılmazdır.
D) Being aware of the signs that a child is bullying
D) Gazetecilik sektörü dijital uygulamalara geçiş another, parents and school administrators
yapamamaktan olumsuz yönde etkilenmiştir ve should work together to take immediate action in
gelecekte kullanışlı İnternet modelleri such cases.
oluşturulmadığı sürece var olması mümkün
değildir. E) The signs that a child is bullying another child
should be noticed by parents, who should work
E) Gazetecilik sektörü dijital uygulamalara yapılan with school administrators to take immediate
geçişten olumsuz bir şekilde etkilenmiştir ve action in such cases.
gelecekte ayakta kalması kullanışlı İnternet
modelleri oluşturulmasına bağlıdır. (e-YDS 2016/8)

(e-YDS 2016/6)
18. Once we have become fossil-fuel free, we will 19. Contrary to general belief, the Industrial
not only see the climate change come to a halt Revolution did not trigger any improvement in
but we will also feel more secure knowing that we the standard of living for a large section of the
can get all our power from renewable sources. population.

A) Fosil yakıtlardan arınmış hâle geldiğimizde, hem A) Genel kanının aksine, Sanayi Devrimi, nüfusun
iklim değişikliğinin durduğunu görüp hem de tüm büyük bir kesimi için hayat standardında herhangi
gücümüzü yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde bir iyileşme sağlamadı.
edebileceğimizi bilerek kendimizi daha güvende
hissedeceğiz. B) Genel kanıdan farklı olarak Sanayi Devrimi,
nüfusun büyük bir kesimi için hayat standardında
B) Sadece iklim değişikliğinin durduğunu görmekle herhangi bir iyileşmeye temel oluşturmadı.
kalmayıp tüm gücümüzü yenilenebilir kaynaklardan
elde edebileceğimizi bilerek kendimizi daha C) Sanayi Devrimi nüfusun büyük bir kesimi için
güvende hissedeceksek, fosil yakıtlardan arınmış hayat standardında herhangi bir iyileşme
hâle gelmemiz gerekmektedir. yaratmasa da genel kanı böyle değildi.

C) Fosil yakıtlardan arınmış hâle geldiğimizde, iklim D) Genel kanıya zıt olarak Sanayi Devrimi'nde
değişikliğinin durduğunu görerek ve tüm gücümüzü nüfusun büyük bir kesiminin hayat standardında
yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde edebileceğimizi herhangi bir iyileşme yaşanmadı.
bilerek kendimizi daha güvende hissedeceğiz.
E) Genel kanıyla örtüşmese de nüfusun büyük bir
D) Fosil yakıtlardan arınmış hâle geldiğimizde, iklim kesiminin hayat standardında yaşanan iyileşme,
değişikliğinin durduğunu görmekle beraber tüm Sanayi Devrimi sayesinde gerçekleşmedi.
gücümüzü yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde
edebileceğimizi bilerek kendimizi daha güvende (e-YDS 2016/10)
hissedeceğiz.

E) Fosil yakıtlardan arınmış hâle geldiğimizde,

sadece iklim değişikliğinin durduğunu görmekle
kalmayıp tüm gücümüzü yenilenebilir kaynaklardan
elde edebileceğimizi bilerek kendimizi daha
güvende hissedeceğiz.

(e-YDS 2016/9)
20. Plants respond to gravity, water, light, 21. Beyin vücut ağırlığının sadece %2'sini
chemicals and even touch; yet, how they do this oluşturur, ama dinlenirken bile vücut enerjisinin
without a brain or nervous system is something aşağı yukarı %20'sini tüketir; bu demektir ki beyin
the botanists are unsure about. gün boyunca dikkatli kalmak için çok fazla besine
ihtiyaç duyar.
A) Bitkiler beyin ya da sinir sistemi olmadan yer
çekimine, suya, ışığa, kimyasallara ve hatta A) The brain, which makes up only 2% of the body
dokunmaya bile tepki verirler, fakat bitki bilimciler weight, consumes almost 20% of the body's energy
onların böyle bir şeyi nasıl yaptıklarından emin even at rest; that means plenty of nutrition is
olamamaktadır. necessary for the brain to stay alert during the day.

B) Bitkilerin beyin ya da sinir sistemi olmadan yer B) 2% of the body weight comes from the brain,
çekimine, suya, ışığa, kimyasallara ve hatta though it consumes roughly 20% of the body's
dokunmaya bile tepki veriyor olması, bitki energy even at rest, meaning that the brain is in
bilimcilerin emin olmadığı bir şeydir. need of a large amount of nutrition to stay alert
during the day.
C) Yer çekimine, suya, ışığa, kimyasallara ve hatta
dokunmaya bile tepki vermek, bitkilerin beyin veya C) The brain makes up only 2% of the body weight,
sinir sistemi olmadan yapabildikleri fakat bitki yet it consumes roughly 20% of the body's energy
bilimcilerin bunun nasıl yapıldığından emin even at rest; that means the brain needs a lot of
olmadıkları bir şeydir. nutrition to stay alert throughout the day.

D) Bitki bilimciler emin olmasalar da bitkiler, beyin D) The brain needs plenty of nutrition to stay alert
ya da sinir sistemi olmadan yer çekimine, suya, during the day because it consumes nearly 20% of
ışığa, kimyasallara ve hatta dokunmaya bile tepki the body's energy even at rest although it makes
verebilirler. up only 2% of the body weight.

E) Bitkiler yer çekimine, suya, ışığa, kimyasallara ve E) The brain makes up only 2% of the body weight
hatta dokunmaya bile tepki verirler, fakat bunu while it consumes roughly 20% of the body's
beyin ya da sinir sistemi olmadan nasıl yaptıkları energy even at rest, which means a lot of nutrition
bitki bilimcilerinin emin olmadığı bir şeydir. is required for the brain to stay alert during the
day.
(e-YDS 2016/11)
(e-YDS 2016/12)
22. Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976, in a 23. Kaydetme ve hesaplama daha karmaşık hâle
blood sample gathered from an ill nun in Zaire, geldikçe bugün kullandığımız sayıları ve ondalık
which is now known as the Democratic Republic sayı sistemini doğuran birçok sayı sistemi
of the Congo. geliştirilmiştir.

A) Ebola virüsünün ilk olarak şu anda Demokratik A) Because recording and calculating became more
Kongo Cumhuriyeti olarak bilinen Zaire'de hasta bir complex, many numerical systems were
rahibeden alınan kan örneğinde bulunması 1976 developed, which influenced the numerals and the
yılına dayanmaktadır. decimal system of our time.

B) Günümüzde Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti B) As recording and calculating became more

olarak bilinen Zaire'de, hasta bir rahibeden kan complex, many numerical systems were
örneği alınması 1976 yılında ebola virüsünün developed, leading to the numerals and the
bulunmasını sağlamıştır. decimal system we use today.

C) Hasta bir rahibeden alınan kan örneği, 1976 C) More complex recording and calculating
yılında Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti olarak methods led to various numerical systems, which
bilinen Zaire'de, Ebola virüsünün bulunmasını gave rise to the numerals and the decimal system
sağlamıştır. we use now.

D) İlk olarak 1976 yılında bulunan ebola virüsüne, D) Once recrding and calculating became more
günümüzde Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti olarak complex, several numerical systems including the
bilinen Zaire'de, hasta bir rahibeden alınan kan numerals and the decimal system that are still in
örneğinde rastlanmıştır. use today were created.

E) Ebola virüsü, ilk olarak 1976 yılında, şu anda E) The numerals and the decimal system we use
Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti olarak bilinen today were created by various numerical systems
Zaire'de, hasta bir rahibeden alınan kan örneğinde that were developed as recording and calculating
bulunmuştur. became more complex.

(e-YDS 2017/1) (e-YDS 2017/2)

24. Abaküsten bilgisayara geçmemiz 4000 yıl sürse 25. Hepimiz günlük yaşantımızda tehlikeli ve
de teknoloji çok hızlı geliştiğinden dolayı enerji ve zehirli maddelerle karşılaşmaktayız, ancak bunlar
kıtlık gibi temelinde teknik nitelikteki problemleri her zaman belirgin olmadıklarından dolayı bu
birkaç yıl içerisinde çözebileceğiz. maddeleri tanımak için kullandığımız
malzemelerin üzerine basılı güvenlik kodlarından
A) It took us 4,000 years to get from the abacus to yararlanabiliriz.
the computer; however, we will be able to solve
problems that are fundamentally technical such as
energy and scarcity in a few years, seeing that A) We all encounter dangerous and poisonous
technology grows exponentially. substances in our everyday lives, which are not
always apparent, so safety codes printed on
B) Even though it took us 4,000 years to get from materials we use help us recognise these
the abacus to the computer, technology grows substances.
exponentially, leading us to solve problems that
are fundamentally technical such as energy and B) We all come across dangerous and poisonous
scarcity in a few years. substances in our everyday lives, but as they are
not always obvious, we can benefit from safety
C) Technology grows exponentially, which means codes printed on materials we use to identify these
we will be able to solve problems that are substances.
fundamentally technical such as energy and
scarcity in a few years, though it took us 4,000 C) Although dangerous and poisonous substances
years to get from the abacus to the computer. are common in our daily lives, they are not
generally apparent, which is why we utilise safety
D) Although it took us 4,000 years to get from the codes printed on materials we use to identify these
abacus to the computer, we will be able to solve substances.
problems that are fundamentally technical such as
energy and scarcity in a few years as technology D) We are all likely to encounter dangerous and
grows exponentially. poisonous materials in our everyday lives, but
seeing that they are not always noticeable, we
E) We will be able to solve problems that are should benefit from safety codes printed on
fundamentally technical such as energy and materials we use to identify these substances.
scarcity in a few years since technology grows
exponentially as opposed to the fact that it took us E) Dangerous and poisonous substances we
4,000 years to get from the abacus to the encounter in our daily lives might not always be
computer. obvious, so we can benefit from safety codes
printed on materials we use to recognise these
(e-YDS 2017/3) substances.

(e-YDS 2017/4)
26. Taklit ve ezberi ön plana çıkaran davranışçılık, 27. Stress from pollution, noise, and crowding,
1970'lerde, özellikle Kuzey Amerika'da, yabancı dil combining in cities with the commuting hassle,
öğretimi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahipti. create a situation described as urban press, but
each of these sources of stress should be
A) Behaviourism, which had a significant impact on considered individually.
foreign language teaching in the 1970s, particularly
in North America, highlights mimicry and A) Kent baskısı olarak tanımlanan durum; kirlilik,
memorization. gürültü ve kalabalıktan kaynaklanan stresin
şehirlerde her gün işe gidip gelme sıkıntısıyla
B) Emphasizing mimicry and memorization, birleşmesiyle oluşur, fakat bu stres kaynaklarının
behaviourism profoundly influenced foreign her birinin ayrı ayrı ele alınması gerekmektedir.
language teaching in the 1970s, especially in North
America. B) Kirlilik, gürültü ve kalabalıktan kaynaklanan
stres, şehirlerde her gün işe gidip gelme sıkıntısı ile
C) During the 1970s, especially in North America, birleşerek kent baskısı olarak tanımlanan bir durum
foreign language teaching was dramatically yaratmaktadır, ancak bu stres kaynaklarının her biri
influenced by behaviourism, which gives ayrı ayrı ele alınmalıdır.
prominence to mimicry and memorization.
C) Kent baskısı olarak tanımlanan durum; kirlilik,
gürültü ve kalabalıktan kaynaklanan stresin
D) Mimicry and memorization are stressed by şehirlerde her gün işe gidip gelme sıkıntısı ile
behaviourism, which had a powerful influence on birleşmesi sonucu ortaya çıkar, fakat bu stres
foreign language teaching around the 1970s, kaynaklarının her birini ayrı ayrı ele almak gerekir.
particularly in North America.
D) Kirlilik, gürültü ve kalabalıktan kaynaklanan
E) Behaviourism, which prioritizes mimicry and stres, şehirlerde her gün işe gidip gelme sıkıntısı ile
memorization, had a considerable influence on birleşmektedir ve kent baskısı olarak tanımlanan
foreign language teaching in the 1970s, especially bir durum yaratmaktadır, fakat bu stres
in North America. kaynaklarının her birinin ayrı ayrı ele alınması
gerekmektedir.
(e-YDS 2017/5)
E) Kent baskısı olarak tanımlanan durumu yaratan
şey; kirlilik, gürültü ve kalabalıktan kaynaklanan
stresin şehirlerde her gün işe gidip gelme
sıkıntısıyla birleşmesidir, oysaki bu stres
kaynaklarının her biri ayrı ayrı ele alınmalıdır.

(e-YDS 2017/6)
28. Mevcut tedavilerin hiçbiri Alzheimer 29. Yok olma tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya kalan
hastalığını yok edemese de bunların çoğu pandaları korumak için 2003'ten beri koruma
istenmeyen davranışların kontrol edilmesine ve alanları oluşturan Çin, şimdilerde gözetim altında
hastalığın rahatsız edici belirtilerinden bazılarının üremiş pandaları vahşi yaşamla tanıştırıyor.
hafifletilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır.
A) Since the beginning of 2003, China has been
A) There are not any treatments available to creating reserves to protect pandas on the brink of
eradicate Alzheimer's disease; however, most of extinction, and it is now releasing captive-bred
them help control undesirable behaviours and pandas into the wild.
alleviate certain distressing symptoms of the
disease. B) China, which has been creating reserves since
2003 to protect pandas in danger of extinction, is
B) Even though Alzheimer's disease cannot be now introducing captive-bred pandas into the wild.
eradicated by any of the available treatments, they
help control undesirable behaviours and alleviate C) China, which has been creating reserves where
some of the distressing symptoms of the disease. pandas on the edge of extinction have been
protected since 2003, is now releasing captive-
C) None of the available treatments can eradicate bred pandas into the nature.
Alzheimer's disease, though most of them help
control undesirable behaviours in addition to D) China, which is now placing captive-bred pandas
alleviating some of the distressing symptoms of the into the wild, has been creating reserves since
disease. 2003 to protect pandas threatened with extinction.

D) Even when it is not possible to eradicate E) Since 2003, pandas that are in danger of
Alzheimer's disease through available treatments, extinction have been protected in areas created by
most of them help control undesirable behaviours China, which is now introducing captive-bred
and alleviate several distressing symptoms of the pandas into the wild.
disease.
(e-YDS 2017/8)
E) Although none of the available treatments can
eradicate Alzheimer's disease, most of them help
control undesirable behaviours and alleviate some
of the distressing symptoms of the disease.

(e-YDS 2017/7)
30. Zamanla ilgili kavramları inceleyen 31. Kriminolojinin doğuşundan beri araştırmacılar
araştırmacılar, insanların geçmişi geride suçun kökenlerini tanımlamak için çeşitli nicel
bıraktığımız, geleceği de önümüzde uzanan bir şey yöntemler kullanmışlardır ve araştırmaları birçok
olarak gördüğünü düşünmektedir. kriminoloji kuramının ve kamu politikasının
temelini oluşturan önemli tanımlayıcı bilgiyi
A) Researchers examining the concepts associated doğurmuştur.
with time claim that people view the past as
something we have put behind us, while they see A) Since the birth of criminology, researchers have
the future as something what lies ahead. employed a variety of quantitative methods to
describe the origins of crime, and their research
B) Researchers who examine the concepts related has generated important descriptive information
with time think that people see the past as that has formed the basis for many criminological
something we have put behind us and the future theories and public policies.
as something what lies ahead.
B) Researchers have used a number of quantitative
C) The concepts that are linked with time are methods since the birth of criminology in order to
studied by researchers who think that people view describe the origins of crime, and with their
the past as something we have put behind us and research it was possible to yield important
the future as something what lies ahead. descriptive information that has established many
criminological theories and public policies.

D) The fact that people consider the past as C) Without the birth of criminology, it would not
something we have put behind us and the future have been possible for researchers to use a range
as something what lies ahead has been put of quantitative methods in their research to
forward by researchers who examine the concepts describe the origins of crime, and yield important
associated with time. descriptive information to form the basis for many
criminological theories and public policies.
E) Researchers who think that people see the past
as something we have put behind us and the D) Ever since criminology was born, lots of
future as something what lies ahead examine the criminological theories and public policies have
concepts that are related with time. been established based on the important
descriptive information generated through the
(e-YDS 2017/9) research carried out by researchers who employed
various quantitative methods to describe the
origins of crime.

E) In order to establish a number of criminological

theories and public policies researchers have been
able to yield important descriptive information
using a variety of quantitative methods in their
research to describe the origins of crime since the
birth of criminology.

(e-YDS 2017/10)
32. Bilgisayar ekranına bakarken, kitap okurken 33. Araştırmalar migrenin beyindeki yapısal ve
yaptığımız gibi aşağıya bakmaktan ziyade direkt fonksiyonel farklılıklardan kaynaklandığını ve
karşıya bakarız, ki bu da gözlerimizin daha geniş migreni olan insanların, sadece bir atak sırasında
bir yüzeyinin havanın kurutucu etkisine maruz değil, her zaman farklı bir şekilde hissettiğini,
kalmasına neden olur. gördüğünü, duyduğunu ve dokunduğunu
göstermiştir.
A) Looking at a computer screen exposes a larger
surface of our eyes to the drying effect of the air A) Research has shown that the structural and
because we stare straight ahead rather than down functional differences in the brain cause migraine
as we do when reading a book. and people with migraines also differ in how they
feel, see, hear and touch all the time, not just
B) When we are looking at a computer screen, we during an attack.
stare straight ahead rather than down as we do
when reading a book, which causes a larger surface B) According to research, migraine is triggered by
of our eyes to be exposed to the drying effect of the brain´s structural and functional differences,
the air. and people who experience migraines feel, see,
hear and touch differently all the time, not just
C) When we are looking at a computer screen, if during an attack.
we stare straight ahead rather than down in the
way we read a book, it causes a larger surface of C) The structural and functional differences in the
our eyes to be exposed to the drying effect of the brain contribute to migraine, as research has
air. shown, and people with migraines feel, see, hear
and touch differently all the time, not just during
D) Since we stare straight ahead rather than down an attack.
when looking at a computer screen, as opposed to
what we do while reading a book, it causes a larger D) It is suggested by research that migraine
surface of our eyes to be exposed to the drying happens because of the structural and functional
effect of the air. differences in the brain, and people who have
migraines feel, see, hear and touch differently all
E) A larger surface of our eyes is exposed to the the time, not just during an attack.
drying effect of the air when we are looking at a
computer screen because we stare straight ahead E) Research has shown that migraine is caused by
rather than down as we do when reading a book. the structural and functional differences in the
brain, and that people who experience migraines
(e-YDS 2018/1) feel, see, hear and touch differently all the time,
not just during an attack.

(e-YDS 2018/2)
34. Günümüzde tıbbın tanınmış bir uzmanlık alanı
olan anestezinin ameliyat esnasında ağrıyı
önlemek amacıyla kullanımı 1800’lerde Amerika
Birleşik Devletleri’nde başlamıştır.

A) Anaesthesia is today an established specialty of

medicine, but it only began to be used during
surgery to prevent pain in the 1800s in the United
States.

B) Had it not started to be used in the United

States to prevent pain during surgery in the 1800s,
anaesthesia would not be a distinguished specialty
of medicine now.

C) The use of anaesthesia, now a recognised

specialty of medicine, to prevent pain during
surgery began in the United States in the 1800s.

D) In the field of medicine, anaesthesia was first

used in the United States in the 1800s although it
has been established now as a distinguished
specialty of medicine.

E) In the United States of the 1800s, anaesthesia

started to be used to prevent pain during surgery,
and today it has become a recognised specialty of
medicine.

(e-YDS 2018/3)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 CEVAP ANAHTARI

1.D 21.C
2.A 22.E
3.A 23.B
4.A 24.D
5.E 25.B
6.C 26.E
7.D 27.B
8.A 28.E
9.A 29.B
10.B 30.B
11.D 31.A
12.C 32.B
13.C 33.E
14.D 34.C
15.C
16.E

17.C

18.E

19.A

20.E
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL DİYALOG SORULARI 2. Meltem:
- Television has failed to develop into a new
form of meaningful communication. It
For these questions, choose the best option to
communicates almost othing worth being
complete the dialogue.
conveyed.

1. Ayşegül: Önder:
- I’m really concerned about the high - So you mean it's as if printing had been
consumption of fast food especially among invented not in order to print the works of
teenagers. literature, but to print handbills, in order to
advertise things we don't need.
Nilgün:
- You’re absolutely right, and what is worse Meltem:
they themselves are not aware of the - -----
devastating effects it has on their health.
Önder:
Ayşegül: - I agree. TV watching is mostly entertainment,
- ----- aiming to distract us from conflicts but not
encouraging us to solve them.
Nilgün:
- Well, apart from that, I believe governments A) Exactly. Television hasn’t achieved its potential
should also take some measures to reduce the as a medium to spread information of use to
consumption of fast food. citizens or to raise awareness about problems.

A) Do you really think that we should be so worried B) Critics point out that one-sixth of the time most
about this? children spent awake is devoted to watching TV.

B) I don’t really agree with the fact that teenagers C) The reactions of viewers to a television show
should be blamed for that. vary greatly with regard to their age, gender or
socioeconomic level.
C) In fact, they cannot do without it.
D) Television has mostly been a means of exposing
D) I think parents should be held responsible for audiences to adverts, and they affect them both in
this as these teenagers acquire this habit at a very negative and positive ways.
young age.
E) Many people say they don't actually like
E) Why do you think fast food consumption has watching TV, but statistics show there is a sharp
been so high in the last decade? increase in the number of viewers.

(e-YDS 2014/3) (e-YDS 2014/4)

3. Erhan: 4. Berkan:
- Today, I read an interesting article about - During exercise, most of us will sweat more
people who live in hot climates. They act too than 1 litre per hour.
quickly without thinking of what might happen.
Oktay:
Duygu: - -----
- I remember hearing about this, too, but I can't
remember why this happens. Berkan:
- You can suffer seizure and heart failure once
Erhan: you've lost much of the water in your body.
- ----
Oktay:
Duygu: - I guess it's a good idea to keep a bottle of
- Oh, yes. Just as gloomy weather causes us to water at hand during exercise.
feel depressed, hot weather can have a negative
effect. Berkan:
- You're definitely right.
A) Hot weather makes us more stressed, which
raises adrenalin levels and reduces our ability to A) What are the situations where we can lose more
think rationally. than that?

B) The most violent countries are found around the B) Why do we sweat excessively during some
equator, where it is very hot. Isn't that interesting? physical activities?

C) In the US, for example, crime rates rise as C) How can we protect ourselves from the negative
temperatures increase up to 26°C and start to fall effects of too much sweating?
again at around 22°C.
D) What are the possible consequences of
D) On the contrary, cold weather can make us excessive sweating?
more active and willing to work hard.
E) Does this amount increase if one has a health
E) There are various reasons for this in the article, problem?
but I don't know which one is the real cause.
(e-YDS 2015/2)
(e-YDS 2015/1)
5. Gizem: 6. Ceren:
- Did you know energy drinks can have more than - I think parents shouldn't allow their children to
five times the caffeine of a cup of coffee? use the Internet during the school year.

Melek: Ayşe:
- That much? I didn't realize it was such a high - -----
amount.
Ceren:
Gizem: - Can you give me an example?
- -----
Ayşe:
Melek: - They can get online and easily access a lot of
- Then anyone with such problems should abstain science websites to gather information for their
from them completely. science projects.

A) Moreover, consuming energy drinks without A) These days we hear more and more about
water is not recommended. incidents of cybercrime.

B) Fortunately, it provides relief when you're B) I think you are right. A child can be exposed to
feeling drowsy by forcing your brain into an alert many threats from the Internet.
state.
C) Yeah, the Internet can become unnecessarily
C) And what's more, they can disrupt a person's time-consuming for children.
heart rate and raise blood pressure.
D) I don't agree with you. The Internet has a lot of
D) I'm not sure but they can improve physical use for children that could help with their
performance better in an endurance exercise. schooling.

E) I think people don't realize how harmful energy E) Internet-addiction is one of the most prevalent
drinks are for their health. conditions with children today.

(e-YDS 2015/5) (e-YDS 2015/6)

7. Ezgi: 8. Lisa:
- I've just read an interesting article. It explained - Many people say robots in the near future will
that laughing, itching, coughing and crying are all do most of the housework, leaving plenty of time
socially contagious actions. for leisure activities.

Merve: Martha:
- ----- - -----

Ezgi: Lisa:
- You're right but some actions are also infectious. - Interesting! Why do you think so?

Merve: Martha:
- Then it probably means that even yawning can - Well, having to work for a living gives us a
spread from person to person. Am I right? feeling of self-worth, and this feeling makes
leisure time enjoyable.
Ezgi:
- Absolutely. It's so infectious that we tend to A) Robts can also allow us to rediscover the rich
yawn when we see, hear, or even read about cultural life enjoyed by our less pressured
someone else doing it. ancestors.

A) I think that traits and choices of our friends have B) I wouldn't like that. A world where virtually all
an effect on our emotions. work is carried out by robots would be a sad place.

B) I know for certain that not all infections are C) The idea of limitless leisure time sounds
highly contagious. attractive, and I'm looking forward to living in such
an environment.
C) I've always thought that germs are the only
things we have to worry about "catching". D) I don't think robots will ever be sophisticated
enough to be able to do complicated tasks humans
D) I know infectious laughter can spread from one perform.
person to another.
E) That's good news, especially for those who hate
E) Well, we like to be in control of our well-being going to work every day, as they'll have more time
without interference from others. to do the things they enjoy.

(e-YDS 2015/7) (e-YDS 2015/8)

9. Tuğçe: 10. Zeynep:
- I've seen a very interesting advertisement about - I'm planning to buy an expensive camera and
a color-boosting detergent. take up photography to produce high quality
pictures
Selen: of nature.
- I also saw that ad. Do you think it can
actually make the colors of your clothes Emel:
brighter? - That's really interesting. But just buying an
expensive camera may not be the only answer to
Tuğçe: photography.
- -----
Zeynep:
Selen: - Why do you say so?
- I doubt that. I think it's just a marketing tactic to
deceive people and make more profit. Emel:
- -----
A) Perhaps they just want to show off their
product. Zeynep:
- You may be right. Some professional help could
B) Actually, I've no idea about how it works. be useful for me to get better prepared.

C) It's just another way of cheating customers. A) I don't understand why you've chosen
photography while you could have chosen
D) Well, they say it has additional chemicals that something else.
make the colors more intense.
B) I think you'll just waste your money simply
E) There is no difference between this type of buying an expensive camera.
detergents and ordinary ones.
C) You should also equip yourself with adequate
(e-YDS 2015/9) knowledge before you start, so you should have
some
course on photography.

D) I'm also interested in photography, but I'd

rather take architectural pictures rather than
nature pictures.

E) You also need to be careful about choosing the

right type of memory card for your camera.

(e-YDS 2015/10)
11. Charlotte: 12. April:
- Look! There is a ladybug on my skirt! - Here is some good news about climate change.
We might, unexpectedly, stay below 2°C of global
Emily: warming.
- Cool! People say ladybugs bring good luck. Make
a wish and then carefully blow it off. Wendy:
- What does this mean for the future?
Charlotte:
- ----- April:
- -----
Emily:
- But isn't it fun to make wishes about things we Wendy:
can't control, like winning the lottery? - Got it now. It'll give us a little more time to
reduce gas emissions.
A) I'll rather do my best to achieve my goal instead
of believing in superstition! Sorry! A) Climate change is greatly responsible for the
sudden rise in sea levels.
B) Seriously? I believe wishes will work if they are
to help people, not to get rich. B) Following decades will face some strange
consequences of climate change.
C) OK. I guess there's no harm in expecting a small
creature to increase my financial gains. C) We will have to come up with more effective
solutions to cope with global warming.
D) Sure! This makes me very excited since I'm
superstitious about ladybugs! D) We should have paid more attention to climate
change in the previous years.
E) I can't believe you're one of those who use
ladybugs selfishly for their own benefit! E) Earth will warm more slowly over this century
than we thought it would.
(e-YDS 2015/11)
(e-YDS 2015/12)
13. Parent: 14. Journalist:
- My daughter seems to obsess about having the ‐ You had a problem in your latest flight, when
latest clothes and gadgets nowadays. one of the engines of the spacecraft failed. Did
you manage to cope with the situation thanks to
Psychologist: your great technical knowledge?
- You don't have to worry. The must-have
mentality decreases over time among teenagers Astronaut:
and they establish other ways of defining ‐ ‐‐‐‐-
themselves.
Journalist:
Parent: ‐ Do you mean keeping calm is more important?
- What can I do to help her find alternative ways
to develop her personality? Astronaut:
‐ Yes, that's exactly what I mean.
Psychologist:
- ----- A) If you aren't knowledgeable about the
spacecraft, you can't solve anything.
Parent:
- I see. It's like directing her attention to other B) To some extent, it's necessary. But what matters
fields in which she's interested. most is to have good knowledge of engines.

Psychologist: C) Having a good communication with the other

- Exactly. team members plays an important role in solving
such problems.
A) You should be patient. It's too early for her to
earn her own money and understand the D) If I hadn't been able to control myself and
importance of financial security. remember how we trained before the flight, we
would have crashed.
B) Materialism peaks during teen years. So, you
shouldn't avoid spending money if you can afford E) You should really know who to ask about the
to buy the things that she wants. problem before solving it.

C) Praise from peers can increase her self-esteem (e-YDS 2016/3)

dramatically and can make her feel confident when
she's with them.

D) It would be beneficial to help her identify her

distinctive skills like playing an instrument
and boost her self-esteem in that way.

E) Just tell her that you're a family and each

member is supposed to share responsibilities and
sometimes cut his or her expenses.

(e-YDS 2016/1)
15. Dorian: 16. Robin:
- Do you feel good about all the possibilities a - Do you know that when Belgian astronomer
new day will bring when you spring out of bed in Georges Lemaitre suggested that the Universe is
the morning? expanding, many physicists, including Einstein,
rejected his theory?
Joanne:
- ----- Douglas:
- ------
Dorian:
- Lucky you! A current study suggests that those Robin:
with a feeling that life is worth living are 23 - No, not at the beginning. Einstein was at first
percent less likely to die from all causes than their convinced that the Universe was static. But
numerous pessimistic counterparts. later, after the introduction of more advanced
telescopes, he changed his mind and accepted
Joanne: Lemaitre's theory.
- I always favour positive thinking and try to be
optimistic about life. Douglas:
- Well, at least he had the wisdom to correct his
A) I generally feel positive about life, but I'm more mistake. Many scientists insist on their
likely to worry about my daily routine. misconceptions despite a lot of counter evidence.

B) I think it partly depends on your social life, as it A) That's because Einstein was in competition with
can make you feel very happy or vice versa. him, isn't that right?

C) No, not really. What I expect from a new day B) So, Lemaitre was the first person to offer what
changes very often. shaped the world of physics?

D) Actually, I like to enjoy the pleasures of life, C) Really? I thought that Einstein also supported
though I get frustrated at times. the same theory, didn't he?

E) Yes, I believe that something great will happen, D) Were there any other popular scientists
and this thought excites me. opposed to Lemaitre's theory?

(e-YDS 2016/4) E) Did Lemaitre's theory gain widespread

acceptance before he died?

(e-YDS 2016/5)
17. Teacher: 18. Journalist:
- I want you to write a paper on prehistoric - Many governments are now taking action to
Britain. You can visit the library to find resources encourage the use of natural gas to slow down
for your assignment. the rate at which climate changes.

Student: Professor:
- Can we look for information on the Web? - ----

Teacher: Journalist:
- ----- - Why do you say so? Isn't natural gas less
damaging than other fossil fuels?
Student:
- I guess I'm one of them. Then I should criticize Professor:
what I read and make sure it gives correct - That may be true but relying on natural gas will
information. probably push down the renewable energy
sector.
A) You need to be careful about what you find
online since most people mistakenly believe all A) Natural gas doesn't do less harm to the
information on the Web is accurate. environment than fossil fuels anyway.

B) There's a lot of information on the Web, so you B) I don't think a move to natural gas will help the
all might get confused about what you aim to climate after all.
mention in your papers.
C) There are a number of differing theories on
C) If you're going to be careful while searching, it's climate change.
OK, as I don't want you to read whatever you
find and use irrelevant stuff. D) Climate change isn't the only catastrophe
humanity is facing.
D) It won't pose any problem as long as you give a
list of references, otherwise you'll be accused E) It's difficult to understand how climate change
of plagiarizing others' work. affects the environment.

E) Most of the students would rather do online (e-YDS 2016/8)

search instead of going to the library, but you may
not reach the right resources if you don't get help.

(e-YDS 2016/6)
19. Professor: 20. Fatma:
- Russian scientists have drilled a four-kilometre - Did you know that plastic bags damage the
hole through Lake Vostok in Antarctica to reach environment?
the surface of an ancient lake. Is any of you
familiar with this research? Hatice:
- Yes, because plastic isn't biodegradable,
Student: meaning it can't decay naturally.
- As far as I know, they will be studying what are
called 'extremophiles', the microbes that are able Fatma:
to survive in extreme conditions – extreme cold, - ----
extreme acidity and so on.
Hatice:
Professor: - There are indeed some efforts to that end in the
- ----- USA. For example, California is the first state to
ban single-use plastic bags.
Student:
- I've read that they may have pharmaceutical A) Are there any alternatives to plastic bags?
uses, perhaps in creating new antibiotics.
B) Can you give me an example of plastic recycling?

A) Previously we assumed that this cold, lost lake C) Then, why is no one taking any measures against
was nothing more than a geological curiosity. plastic bags?

B) And what could be the benefit to mankind? D) How many countries are fighting against the use
What can we learn from these strong microscopic of plastic?
organisms?
E) What evidence shows that plastic is harmful to
C) New extremophile species are being discovered the environment?
almost daily. Can you tell me about the most
recent significant discoveries? (e-YDS 2016/10)

D) The study of these creatures is still in its infancy,

but how have they broadened our conception of
life on Earth?

E) Human beings have always searched for ways to

improve their ability to survive in difficult
environments.

(e-YDS 2016/9)
21. Professor: 22. Kemal:
- Prehistoric people living on the British Isles were - ----
more than hunter-gatherers; they were bakers,
too. Deniz:
- That's right. You can find articles about adoption
Student: even in the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi,
- Excuse me, Professor. How do we know that for written in 2285 B.C.
sure?
Kemal:
Professor: - Definitely! I've also read that the ancient
- ----- Romans supported adoption with their laws.

Student: Deniz:
- Oh, I see. So I guess it's safe to assume - But when it comes to Europe, it's a far newer
prehistoric Britons were not just hunters but also institution.
skilled bread makers.
A) I can describe adoption as the lawful transfer of
parental obligations and rights in short.
A) They seem to have been using axes thousands
of years before arable farming started on the B) Ancient people used adoption to satisfy religious
islands. requirements, as it was the case with the Shinto
religion in Japan.
B) Boat builders probably had a fondness for flat
bread to complement their protein-rich diet. C) Although adoption has become much more
institutionalized since the 20th century, it is a
C) A team of scientists found wheat DNA dating much older phenomenon.
back some 8000 years in mud at a shipyard near an
isle. D) In the past, adoption mostly served the family
and society, but in modern societies its primary
D) The closest wheat farmers at this time were purpose is to serve the individual.
probably in Southern Europe or near the East.
E) Both institutionalization and practices of
E) The fact that they made bread does not mean adoption show a great variety throughout the
that wheat was grown there; it was probably world.
imported.
(e-YDS 2016/12)
(e-YDS 2016/11)
23. Carlos: 24. Proffesor:
- I really hate airline food, even when I fly - Apart from being an ambigious subject area,
business class! It's horrible! Cultural Studies also lacks its own principles,
theories or methods.
Anita:
- ----- Student:
- Excuse me, Professor. I'm not sure if I
Carlos: understand. If Cultural Studies doesn't have its
- Oh really? Is that why the food is so tasteless own theories or methodology, how does it
during flights? actually function?

Anita: Proffesor:
- Yes. I've read that saltiness and sweetness drop - -----
by about 30 percent at 35,000 feet as if you had a
cold. Student:
- Now it makes sense. Thank you!
A) You should check the food reviews on the
Internet before choosing the airline company. A) Yes, Cultural Studies is practically impossible to
define, but it doesn't mean that anything can be its
B) It's prepared in a limited time, so it's normal it's subject.
not tasty.
B) Well, it does have its own very distinct and
C) It is because you lose your sense of taste at a distinctive history as well as principles.
high altitude.
C) Good question. That's why Cultural Studies is
D) The quality of the food is not the issue; it is the often described as an "anti-discipline".
way they serve it.
D) It might sound problematic, but Cultural Studies
E) It is mostly because of the ingredients in the aims to examine its subject matter in terms of its
food. relation to power.

(e-YDS 2017/1) E) Very effectively indeed because Cultural Studies

takes whatever it needs from any discipline and
adapts it for its own purposes.

(e-YDS 2017/2)
25. Miranda: 26. Journalist:
- Shannon told me that she's going to throw a - Why do you think psychiatry needs to be better
surprise birthday party for her husband at the integrated with general medicine instead of
weekend. I don't understand why people like separate healthcare services for our physical and
surprise parties. So many things could go wrong. mental health?

Carole: Psychiatrist:
- That's because you can't tolerate - Well, most illnesses aren't so easily divided.
unpredictability. You need to control everything Also, the evidence that psychological treatments
around you. can have an impact on physical disorders is
growing.
Miranda:
- ----- Journalist:
- -----
Carole:
- But that's the idea of surprise parties. People Psychiatrist:
want to see the astonishment on your face. - Take heart attacks. It’s perfectly physical. But
depression actually has a greater influence than
A) This has nothing to do with my personality. I smoking on your chances of surviving the
want things to be organized, neat and comfortable following 12 months.
for all people.
A) Would the influence of the psychological
B) Just a tiny mistake can turn everyting into a treatment be stronger before or after the physical
chaos. You may even hurt one's feelings in the end. disorder is developed?

C) Definitely! It annoys me when something B) Is there any evidence which shows this approach
unexpected happens, because I really hate being works?
shocked.
C) Could you give an example of such an occurence
D) Those who like to do unusual things may find to illustrate the impact?
surprise parties amusing, but I dislike such events.
D) So what needs to be changed for integrating
E) Staying safe and not going through trouble is psychiatry into medicine more effectively?
more important to me than stressing over the
details of a party. E) Could you elaborate on how psychological
treatments positively affect our mental health?
(e-YDS 2017/3)
(e-YDS 2017/4)
27. Donna: 28. Interviewer:
- In the near future, it seems that we’ll finally - David, you’ve just published your new biography
have robots around us. Do you think you’ll want about Einstein. What’s the biggest misconception
to share your life with them? about him?

Roger: David:
- A companion robot is something I’d want to - Well, most people think that because he was
have because it could do valuable work for me, very smart he was kind of nerdy, but, in fact he
but only if it had some sort of personality. was attractive, very popular with women, and
Otherwise, it would be no more interesting than a had quite a muscular physique.
washing machine.
Interviewer:
Donna: - -----
- -----
David:
Roger: - True, usually his Theory of Relativity
- We’d still be directing the movements of the overshadows his more personal attributes. Did
robot. We’d play the role of puppet master. you know he spent most of his income in the
1930s to help people escape from the war?
A) Why aren’t we inspired by some cartoon or film
characters in designing humanoid robots? Interviewer:
- That is something I’ve never heard before! How
B) How do you think we can make them have wonderful.
personalities?
A) This isn’t what we expect from famous
C) What other characters do you think are good scientists.
models for companion robots?
B) That sounds typical for a famous scientist.
D) If robots start to have personalities, does it
mean that humans will no longer be controlling C) I think this is a fact that most people would find
them? normal to hear.

E) Why aren’t robots very charismatic yet? D) So, it seems we know a lot about his personal
life.
(e-YDS 2017/5)
E) Because he was so famous, it seems likely that
he was a social person.

(e-YDS 2017/6)
29. Doctor: 30. Lecturer:
- Your check-up results look fine but during the - In an emergency, people stop whatever they're
winter months, you need to be careful and doing and engage in the situation and do
protect yourself against bronchitis. something to help, right?

Patient: Student:
- What is bronchitis exactly? - Absolutely. It's like an instinct.

Doctor: Lecturer:
- It’s a respiratory disease which inflames the - Lone bystanders will usually react like this, often
bronchial tubes, the air passages leading into the without hesitation. However, when several
lung. bystanders are present, there is a clear tendency
to hold back and even to not respond at all.
Patient:
- ----- Student:
- -----
Doctor:
- A cough and a sore throat are the primary Lecturer:
symptoms, but difficulty in breathing and the - Yes, in these situations most people don't want
development of fever are also common to take responsibility, but transfer it to others.
characteristics.
A) Are they overreacting by doing so?
A) How is the condition treated?
B) Are people aware of the importance of first-aid?
B) How will I know if I have this condition?
C) Do you mean people are sometimes reluctant to
C) Why do I have to be particularly careful during help victims?
winter?
D) Do people understand the severity of the
D) Is it in any way related to emphysema? situation?

E) Does smoking also contribute to the E) Do you think all witnesses share responsibility?
development of bronchitis?
(e-YDS 2017/8)
(e-YDS 2017/7)
31. Journalist: 32. Journalist:
- Professor, we know that you use online games - So, you're working on using viruses to create
to study humans’ responses to catastrophic bio-batteries. Can you tell us about your work?
events. Why online games?
Engineer:
Scientist: - We’re working with one certain type of virus.
- Simply because you can’t go into the middle of a We're trying to develop ways to harness its
real-life disaster area and ask people: “What are energy and use that energy to charge batteries.
you doing? How do you feel?” They’re too busy
trying to survive. Journalist:
- -----
Journalist:
- ----- Engineer:
- The batteries we currently use contain
Scientist: substances which are toxic to the environment.
- We go into the game and interview the That’s why we’re focusing on rechargeable,
characters present, or read about their environmentally-friendly batteries.
experiences in the game’s forums.
A) How do you actually make these bio-batteries?
A) How would you describe your own reaction to a
catastrophe? B) What distinguishing features does the most
useful virus have?
B) Can games like this really yield broad insights
into our behaviour? C) How did the idea to use viruses to grow
materials for batteries first occur to you?
C) How do you examine players’ behaviour and
feelings? D) How do you dispose of bio-batteries when they
can no longer be charged?
D) What options other than online games can you
use to study human behaviour? E) Why do we need new types of batteries?

E) What sorts of games are you using for this? (e-YDS 2017/10)

(e-YDS 2017/9)
33. Greg: 34. Interviewer:
- Traditional cheese making is a lengthy process. - You have a very unique and important job – you
Modern production methods are much faster, but de-ice aeroplane wings. What can you tell us
they make the cheese less tasty. How do you deal about this job?
with this?
Aeroplane Tech:
Tom: - As you know, aeroplanes are designed to cope
- Well, we're experimenting with a technique that with extreme temperatures. But, even a little
uses soundwaves to speed up the rate of natural build-up of ice can change the shape of the wings
cream-milk separation. Smaller fat globules are which can change their ability to generate lift.
retained in this process, and this gives a creamier
taste. Interviewer:
- -----
Greg:
- ----- Aeroplane Tech:
- Well, yes, but in severe conditions they can be
Tom: inadequate. That means people like me need to
- We've been able to carry out this process in just be on hand to apply high pressure blasts of
five minutes, as opposed to the normal 6 hours. antifreeze to ensure a safe flight.

Greg: A) Can de-icing systems cause damage to the

- That's amazing! aeroplane itself?

A) How long does it take for the cheese to be B) Don’t aeroplanes have de-icing systems built
delivered to the supermarket? into them?

B) How much faster is this method compared to C) Are there any examples of crashes because of
the natural separation process? insufficient de-icing?

C) How many days in total do you need to produce D) Is it possible for de-icing systems to fall short in
cheese using this process? reducing the ice on the wings?

D) When did you carry out the first cream-milk E) Are people like you important in the decision to
separation using soundwaves? de-ice a plane?

E) So, how exactly do you produce this creamier (e-YDS 2018/2)

taste with your new technique?

(e-YDS 2018/1)
35. Professor:
- Can you please tell me what the science of
psychology is?

Student:
- It focuses on people's emotions, perceptions,
and thoughts. It's also concerned with the
consistency and change in an individual's
behaviour.

Professor:
- -----

Student:
- Even so, most people think of psychology as a
field that particularly studies how we behave in
certain situations.

A) It's very important to recognise the relevance of

basic concepts and principles of psychology to real-
life situations.

B) I certainly agree that studying psychology helps

us a lot to better understand others' feelings and
behaviours.

C) So you mean psychologists often limit

themselves to the study of outward, observable
behaviour.

D) It deals with not just what people think or feel,

but it also studies our mental processes,
personality traits, dreaming and motivation.

E) It has many subfields such as educational

psychology, but most people think that it focuses
solely on human behaviour.

(e-YDS 2018/3)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 CEVAP ANAHTARI

1.D 21.C

2.A 22.C

3.A 23.C

4.D 24.E

5.C 25.C

6.D 26.C

7.C 27.D

8.B 28.A

9.D 29.B

10.C 30.C
A
11.A 31.C

12.E 32.E

13.D 33.B

14.D 34.B

15.E 35.D

16.C

17.A

18.B

19.B

20.C
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL RESTATEMENT 2. The idea that you can discipline your mind and
SORULARI improve self-control through various techniques
is something with which most of us would agree.

For these questions, choose the best rephrased A) Most people agree that in order to improve the
form of the given sentence. mind, various techniques that require a lot of self-
control need to be employed.
1. The Cultural Revolution in China between
1978 and 1984 had profound effects on the B) The majority of people support the notion that
scientific community, just as it had in all other there are certain techniques that can be employed
academic areas. to help us have better self-control and a more
ordered mind.
A) The impact of the Cultural Revolution in China
between 1978 and 1984 was so widespread that it C) There is a general agreement that the mind can
reshaped the scientific community and many be improved and self-control can be enhanced if
academic areas. people have more of an idea about the multiple
techniques involved.
B) The Cultural Revolution in China between 1978
and 1984 affected the scientific community, as it D) Most of us accept the fact that discipline and
vvas the most important contributor to many self-control are both techniques that need to be
academic areas. worked on if we want to improve our minds.

C) The Cultural Revolution in China between 1978 E) Many people believe that there needs to be a
and 1984 dramatically influenced all academic general agreement on the type of techniques
fields, but the scientific community was much less needed to discipline your mind and improve self-
subject to any influence. control.

D) There were almost no academic and scientific (e-YDS 2014/4)

groups that were not greatly influenced by the
Cultural Revolution in China between 1978 and
1984.

E) The scientific community as well as all other

academic fields were remarkably influenced by the
Cultural Revolution in China betvveen 1978 and
1984.

(e-YDS 2014/3)
3. Our ability to understand speech is diminished 5. Globalization is the free movement of goods,
if we cannot see the lips of the speaker, especially people and capital; of the three, it is money that
in a noisy environment or when the speaker has a has had the most significant effect on our lives
thick accent that is foreign to us. recently.

A) A heavy foreign accent, a noisy environment A) The free movement of goods, people and capital
and a speaker's lips are all obstacles when it comes is what defines globalization, and all three have
to understanding speech. deeply affected our lives recently.

B) It is very important, particularly when there is a B) Globalization, which has recently had a dramatic
lot noise, for us to be able to see the speaker's lips effect on our lives, is defined as being the free
and hear their accent if we want to understand movement of goods, people and capital.
what someone is saying.
C) Lately, our lives have been profoundly affected
C) In order to understand human speech, a by globalization, particularly with regards to the
number of factors must be present - a clear accent, free movement of goods, people and capital.
a quiet environment and the ability to interpret
what the lips are saying. D) The term globalization refers to the free
movement of goods, people and capital, and it is
D) It is harder for us to understand speech when the third one which has lately had the greatest
we are in a noisy environment and we effect on our lives.
cannot see the speaker's lips or if their accent is
very strong and unfamiliar. E) Money, which is currently the most influential
component of globalization in our lives, includes
E) The ability to understand someone who is the free movement of goods and people as well.
speaking in a noisy environment depends on our
flexibility towards foreign accents as well as (e-YDS 2015/5)
seeing the speaker's lips.
6. While the depression of the 1930s affected
(e-YDS 2015/1) almost every business in different ways, it forced
advertising to become more selective.
4. Galileo was different from most previous
scientists because he based his theories on his A) We can assume that the selectivity of
observations and confirmed them using advertising can be attributed to the depression of
experiments. the 1930s in which nearly every business
collapsed.
A) In order to differentiate himself from previous
scientists, Galileo justified his observations using B) Even though the depression period of the 1930s
experiments which were based on his theories. had an impact on many different businesses, the
advertising business had more options to
B) Galileo was unique among previous scientists as overcome the problems.
his theories were based on experiments and
confirmed by his observations. C) When the depression of the 1930s forced the
advertising field to be more competitive, it also
C) Since Galileo used his observations as a basis for influenced almost every other business.
his theories and verified them through
experiments, he was unlike many previous D) As the depression of the 1930s had an impact
scientists. on nearly every business, it forced advertising to
adopt a different approach.
D) What made Galileo different from most
previous scientists was that his theories agreed E) Nearly every business was influenced by the
with his observations and experiments. depression of the 1930s in various ways, but it
made the advertising sector even more careful
E) As Galileo formulated his theories using about what to choose.
observations rather than experiments, he hardly
resembles many previous scientists. (e-YDS 2015/6)
(e-YDS 2015/2)
7. The Spanish will need to keep improving their 8. Despite the fact that Latin America has enjoyed
tomato growing techniques to stay ahead of the a period of growth and stability, no other country
Turks and Moroccans, who are producing ever in the region has achieved the monumental
more efficiently at lower cost than the Spanish. reduction in poverty that Venezuela has.

A) The Turks and Moroccans produce tomatoes in A) All of Latin America has experienced a period of
a cheaper and more efficient way than the Spanish, growth and stability, but only Venezuela has been
and if Spain wants to remain in the lead, they will able to achieve a reduction in poverty in all its
need to continue to develop the way they grow regions.
tomatoes.
B) Although growth and stability are common
B) It is more efficient and less expensive to grow features throughout Latin America, the reduction
tomatoes in Turkey and Morocco, and if Spain in poverty is mainly due to the influence of
wants to follow their example, they will have to Venezuela in the region.
produce better quality tomatoes.
C) Venezuela has been incredibly successful at
C) The Spanish need to look into ways of producing reducing poverty because the whole of Latin
better tomatoes at a lower cost than those America has successfully undergone an enjoyable
cultivated far more efficiently by the Turks and period of growth and stability.
Moroccans.
D) Even though the whole of Latin America has
D) Tomato growing techniques are improving in benefitted from a period of growth and stability,
countries like Turkey and Morocco, which means the most significant decrease of poverty in the
that Spanish tomato producers feel threatened region can be seen in Venezuela.
by the competition.
E) All the countries in Latin America, which have
E) In order to stay ahead in the tomato-growing undergone a period of growth and stability, have
market, Spain would be well-advised to follow the been able to reduce poverty – especially
example of producers in other countries, Venezuela.
particularly Turkey and Morocco.
(e-YDS 2015/8)
(e-YDS 2015/7)
9. Besides developments in the tourism sector, a 10. Nausea is a symptom that is not only
series of initiatives aimed at improving its uncomfortable, but also dangerous to health, as it
passenger transport network now contribute to is usually indicative of an underlying infection.
the Omanian renaissance.
A) Although nausea is a condition in which patients
A) Rather than advances in the tourism sector, the feel uncomfortable, what is more dangerous
Omanian renaissance has been largely marked by about nausea is that it sometimes indicates a
some recent attempts to improve the passenger serious infection.
transport network.
B) Nausea is considered as a dangerous condition
B) In addition to the growth in the tourism sector, to health not because it makes the sufferer
the Omanian renaissance is currently being uncomfortable but because it is a symptom of a
supported by some activities which plan to more serious infection.
enhance its passenger transport network.
C) In addition to making the sufferer feel
C) At present, the aim of the Omanian renaissance uncomfortable, nausea is usually an indicator of an
is to improve not only its tourism sector, but also important infection, which makes it dangerous to
the passenger transport network with some health.
initiatives.
D) One should be warned against nausea as it is
D) The Omanian renaissance, which mainly dangerous to health for either being an
includes developments in the tourism sector, aims uncomfortale symptom or being indicative of an
to make the passenger transport network better by important infection.
means of several projects.
E) Regardles of whether it is uncomfortable or an
E) Because the tourism sector has been developed indicator of a serious infection, nausea is a
to a great extent thanks to a number of initiatives, symptom that is dangerous to health.
the Omanian renaissance is now aimed at
enhancing the passenger transport network. (e-YDS 2015/10)

(e-YDS 2015/9) 11. Socrates is often referred to as one of the

founders of Western philosophy, and yet he held
no particular theories of his own.

A) Having established a few theories, Socrates is

regarded as one of the founders of Western
philosophy.

B) Socrates is famous for founding Western

philosophy, but in reality he did not believe in any
theories.

C) Socrates is credited with a number of theories of

his own, and thus he is thought to be one of
the founding members of Western philosophy.

D) Although no particular theory is known to have

been posited by Socrates himself, he is credited
as one of the founding fathers of Western
philosophy.

E) Whether he had his own theories or not,

Socrates is believed to be one of the founders of
Western philosophy.

(e-YDS 2015/11)
12. Most people are discouraged by setbacks, and 14. The study of quality of life is important not
this is why they fail to achieve their goals. only because it addresses threats to well‐being,
but also because it sheds light on the factors that
A) Even though most people are dispirited by keep older adults from excessive reliance on
hardships, they still struggle to reach their aims. public programs.

B) As they become disappointed by problems, A) Those who study quality of life think that their
many people either meet their goals or do not work is important not because they help older
succeed. people find ways to get rid of their excessive
reliance on public programs, but because they try
C) The reason why most people do not attain their to tackle threats to well‐being.
objectives is that they are disheartened by
difficulties. B) Addressing problems of well‐being is more
important, according to the findings of the study of
D) Whether or not they get discouraged by quality of life, than providing the elderly with an
setbacks, most people fail to achieve their goals. understanding of how to pursue a life without
being dependant on public programs.
E) For mny people, being demoralized by setbacks
does not mean that they will not reach their C) What makes the study of quality of life
goals. important is that it responds to issues that pose
risks to well‐being and it provides us with insight
(e-YDS 2015/12) into the factors that help older people avoid
becoming too reliant on public programs.
13. Young children can recognise new letters
more readily when they learn the letters by D) The reason why elderly people have become
writing them rather than by typing or tracing. more aware of the factors that help them to keep
away from extreme reliance on public programs is
A) While learning letters, writing them as well as that the study of quality of life has proved to be
typing or tracing helps young children to important as it is able to address threats to well‐
remember new letters with less effort. being.

B) Learning the letters by writing them enables E) There are a number of threats to well‐being, but
young children to identify new letters more easily the study of quality of life is an important
than by typing or tracing. field that addresses these problems by providing
older people with an understanding of how to
C) Young children will be encouraged to identify protect themselves from becoming too reliant on
new letters more easily if they write them even public programs.
though typing or tracing is easier.
(e-YDS 2016/3)
D) As opposed to typing or tracing, learning the
letters by writing could be challenging for young
children to recognize new letters quickly.

E) Learning the letters by writing leads children to

remember new letters without difficulty just
as it can be achieved by typing or tracing.

(e-YDS 2016/1)
15. According to a recent study on facilities 17. Across a range of specialities, engineering
management in organizations, facilities managers graduates are among the few who can get a well-
are charged with ensuring that the office is a paid post with relative ease.
productive and efficient company asset.
A) Graduates from engineering departments are
A) A recent study on facilities management in among the limited number of people that can find
organizations shows that it is the responsibility of a job with a high salary more easily when
facility managers to make sure that the office is a compared to those in a variety of specialities.
productive and efficient part of the company.
B) Engineering graduates can find a good job with a
B) According to a new study on facilities high salary, in addition to being among the few
management, among the responsibilities of who can do their jobs easily when compared to
facilities managers is to guarantee that the office is those in other specialities.
the most important asset of a company.
C) Besides being among those that can find a high-
C) A new study on facilities management wage job easily, engineering graduates have a
demonstrates that one of the responsibilities number of advantages compared to many other
facilities managers hold is to ensure that the office specialities.
should be the most productive and efficient
company asset. D) Among the graduates from a range of
specialities, engineering students are among the
D) To ensure that the office is a productive and limited number of graduates who cannot get a
efficient company asset is one of the high-wage job easily.
responsibilities of facilities managers who took
part in a recent study on facilities management. E) Finding a good job is not very easy for many
engineering graduates when compared to the well-
E) A recent study on facilities management has paid graduates of other specialities.
found that ensuring that the office is a productive
and efficient part of a company is the main (e-YDS 2016/8)
responsibility of facilities managers.

(e-YDS 2016/4)

16. The successful synthesis of art and science

requires a careful study of the world around us,
but also a careful study of the world within us.

A) For a successful mixture of art and science, it is

essential for us to analyze our environment
more carefully than our emotions.

B) In order to combine art and science successfully,

we need to look into either our inside or outside
world very carefully.

C) Blending art and science successfully

necessitates a thorough inspection of our outer
world as well as our inner world.

D) A close examination of our surroundings may be

just as important to our psychology if we want to
unite art and science in a successful way.

E) When it comes to synthesizing art and science

successfully, we can do nothing but investigate
our inner and outer world.
(e-YDS 2016/6)
18. Few fields of science changed more in the first 19. Although productive land suitable for
half of the 20th century than crystallography, the cultivation is extremely important to ensure
field in which Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot won the sufficient food supply, such land is becoming
Nobel Prize for Chemistry. scarce due to soil contamination and
deforestation.
A) It was Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot who helped
crystallography change more than any other fields A) Rich land is crucial for adequate food supply
in the first half of the 20th century when she won since it will be convenient for cultivation, but such
the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. land has been lost dramatically because of soil
contamination and deforestation.
B) In the first half of the 20th century
crystallography underwent many changes as a field B) As long as fertile land that can be used for
of science in which Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot won the cultivation shrinks because of soil contamination
Nobel Prize for Chemistry. and deforestation, it is very important to assure
sufficient food supply.
C) Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot won the Nobel Prize for
Chemistry in crystallography although it did not C) Even though productive land which is suitable
change as much as other fields of science in the for cultivation is diminishing because of soil
first half of the 20th century. contamination and deforestation, it is still
important to ensure sufficient food supply.
D) Few fields of science resisted the change in the
first half of the 20th century as much as D) Given that the rich land appropriate for
crystallography, which Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot was cultivation is in short supply owing to soil
awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in. contamination and deforestation, it has become
challenging to provide humankind with sufficient
E) Crystallography, in which Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot food.
was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry,
changed more than almost all fields of science in E) Fertile land appropriate for cultivation is
the first half of the 20th century. absolutely important to guarantee sufficient food
supply, but this kind of land has become hard to
(e-YDS 2016/9) find because of contamination and deforestation.

(e-YDS 2016/10)

20. One study has found that Koreans are much

more likely than Americans to think that talking
hinders thinking.

A) According to a study, Koreans like Americans are

more likely to believe that talking prevents hinking.

B) Research has pointed out that it is much more

possible for Americans to talk without thinking
than Koreans.

C) According to research, Koreans are far more

likely than Americans to assume that talking
hampers thinking.

D) It is found in a study that Americans like talking

much more than thinking, while Koreans think the
opposite.

E) According to a study, Koreans rather than

Americans are more likely to hinder thinking while
talking.
(e-YDS 2016/11)
21. Switching to clean energy might seem like an 23. Knowing how to read a dream or daydream –
expensive option, but it can quickly pay off. to unlock its symbolism and understand its
multiple meanings – is a process not unlike
A) Because it is uncertain whether switching to reading a novel or a poem.
clean energy can lead to success in a short time, it
is thought to be an expensive option. A) Reading a novel or a poem and having the
knowledge to interpret a dream or daydream in
B) Directing ourselves to clean energy might not be order to unravel the symbolism and comprehend
considered an expensive option if it could bring its multiple meanings are similar processes.
satisfactory results in a short time.
B) The knowledge of how to reveal the multiple
C) What makes switching to clean energy seem to symbolical meanings of dreams or daydreams and
be an expensive option is that it gives good results the process of interpreting a novel or a poem are
in a short time. not alike at all.

D) Within a short period of time, the cost of C) The knowledge to interpret a dream or
benefiting from clean energy might prove to be daydream and unravel the symbols and multiple
less expensive. meanings is far from similar to the process of
reading a novel or a poem.
E) It may appear to be an expensive choice;
however, shifting to clean energy can result in D) The difference between the process of
success in a short time. interpreting a dream or daydream and reading a
novel or a poem is that one of them requires the
(e-YDS 2016/12) knowledge to comprehend multiple meanings to
reveal the symbolisms.
22. The impacts of climate change are difficult to
identify as they depend not only on changing E) Unlike reading a novel or a poem, interpreting a
weather but also on how societies respond to dream or daydream through the revelation of the
them. symbols and the comprehension of multiple
meanings is a process.
A) Discovering how climate change has been
affecting both the weather and societies is thought (e-YDS 2017/2)
of as a challenging task.

B) In addition to the changing weather, various

reactions to the impacts of climate change make it
hard for societies to truly understand it.

C) It is not possible to predict how climate change

will influence us due to the changing weather and
societal reactions to it.

D) The reason why determining the effects of

climate change is not easy is because it relies on
changing weather as well as the reaction of
society.

E) Although the effects of climate change are

linked to changing weather and societies'
reactions, it is difficult to figure them out.

(e-YDS 2017/1)
24. While the US has a reputation as a high-tech 25. In order to understand the world of today, we
industrial nation, the US economy has long had need to understand the world of yesterday
firm foundations in agricultural production for because history shapes the world of today.
domestic and foreign sales.
A) In our modern world, the influence of previous
A) If the US wants to change the general days could be subtle even though history
assumption that it is solely a high-tech industrial contributes a lot to our current time.
nation, its economy needs to invest more in
agricultural production for both domestic and B) What creates today’s world is history itself, so
foreign sales. we first need to understand our past before
looking into our present day.
B) The reason why the US is famous for its high-
tech industry is that its economy has long been on C) Given that history has a big impact on our
unstable ground in terms of agricultural production contemporary world, it is easier for us to
for both domestic and foreign sales. understand the past than to understand the
present.
C) Although the US economy has always been
traditionally based on agricultural products to be D) By examining history more closely, we can
sold in domestic and foreign markets, the country realise that the events happening in recent times
is also well-known for its high-tech industry. and in earlier times have similar characteristics.

E) To understand what history tells us, we should

D) The US has been attempting to increase its acknowledge that today’s world is not completely
agricultural production for domestic and foreign separate from the past.
sales, yet it has not changed the general
perception of the US which is seen as a country (e-YDS 2017/4)
with a high-tech industrialism.
26. The way in which communication has been
E) The US is famous for being an industrial country viewed has changed considerably since it first
using high technology, but agricultural production became a subject of study.
for both domestic and foreign markets has played
an important role in the US economy for a long A) Because communication grew into an area of
time. research, how it is regarded has altered to a great
extent.
(e-YDS 2017/3)
B) What made communication a subject of study
was the tremendous changes about how it is
perceived.

C) Approaches to understanding communication

have gone through rapid changes ever since
reseachers started studying it.

D) Were it not for the drastic changes about how

communication has been understood, it would
have not become a subject of study.

E) How communication is regarded has

transformed significantly from the time when it
first began to be researched.

(e-YDS 2017/5)
27. For medieval people, time spent on Earth was 28. A study at Harvard University has found that
merely practice for their time in eternity, so the drinking two or three cups of coffee a day may
actual course of history was of secondary reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular and
importance to them. neurological diseases.

A) For people in the middle ages, the concrete A) According to a study done at Harvard University,
course of history was not of the utmost if people drink two or three cups of coffee a day,
importance since the time spent on Earth was only they are less likely to eliminate the risk of diabetes
regarded as preparation for death. and cardiovascular and neurological diseases.

B) What medieval people prioritized was not B) As is shown by a study conducted at Harvard
preparation for time on Earth, but the time of University, people with the risk of diabetes and
eternity, which could be observed through the cardiovascular and neurological disorders have to
course of history in a concrete way. drink two or three cups of coffee every day.

C) The actual course of history proved to be highly C) A study at Harvard University has discovered
important for humanity in the middle ages because that it is hardly possible to reduce the risk of
they considered earthly time as the preparation diabetes and cardiovascular and neurological
period for eternal life. diseases by drinking two or three cups of coffee
every day.
D) As preparation time for eternity, earthly time
was such an important period for the people living D) A study carried out at Harvard University shows
in the middle ages that they highly valued the that the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular and
concrete course of history. neurological illnesses might be diminished by
drinking two or three cups of coffee every day.
E) Preparation for the time of eternity came
second in importance for the people in medieval E) It is proven by a study carried out at Harvard
times who valued their time on Earth and the University that the risk of diabetes and
actual course of history much more. cardiovascular and neurological disorders may be
elevated by drinking two or three cups of coffee
(e-YDS 2017/6) every day.

(e-YDS 2017/7)
29. Unlike the rocks at the Earth's surface, the 30. Contrary to popular belief, psychologists are
rocks deep within its centre are at such high nearly unanimous in their view that reasoning
temperatures that even though they are solid, and problem solving are crucial landmarks of
they can flow like glacial ice. intelligent behaviour.

A) High temperatures cause the rocks deep within A) Intelligent behaviour is characterised by the two
the Earth's centre to behave like glacial ice, important landmarks of reasoning and problem
therefore they are not as solid as the rocks at the solving, and both the public and psychologists
Earth's surface. agree on that.

B) The rocks at the Earth's surface are solid B) People usually believe that reasoning and
because they are not at high temperatures as the problem solving are considered by all psychologists
rocks deep within the Earth's centre are, which can to be fundamental indicators of intelligent
flow like glacial ice. behaviour.

C) The Earth's surface and centre rocks are C) Whether reasoning and problem solving are
different from each other in that when they are important indicators of intelligent behaviour is a
exposed to high temperatures, the centre rocks controversial issue among both psychologists and
flow like glacial ice, while the surface rocks remain the general public.
solid.
D) Most psychologists think differently from the
D) Rocks at the Earth's surface and those deep general population in that they do not accept
within its centre are different in that the latter, reasoning and problem solving as important parts
despite being solid, can move like glacial ice of intelligent behaviour.
because of high temperatures.
E) Almost all psychologists agree that reasoning
E) Although both the rocks at the Earth's surface and problem solving are important signs of
and those deep within its centre are solid, they are intelligent behaviour, a fact hardly acknowledged
at different temperatures, so the latter can move by many people.
like glacial ice.
(e-YDS 2017/9)
(e-YDS 2017/8)
31. A key contributor to the emergence of 32. Scientists think that it would take hundreds of
cognitive science, psychologist George Miller, people working together and believing each other
dates its birth to September 11, 1956, the second to take action against air pollution.
day of a Symposium on Information Theory at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A) According to scientists, hundreds of people
collaborating, who have trust in each other, are
A) September 11, 1956 was the second day of a required to combat air pollution.
Symposium on Information Theory at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, on which B) Only by acting together and trusting each other,
psychologist George Miller made a significant with the help of hundreds of other people, can
contribution to lay the foundations of cognitive scientists fight against air pollution.
science.
C) Scientists are of the opinion that the most
B) Cognitive science came into existence on effective way to deal with air pollution is to
September 11, 1956, the second day of a encourage hundreds of people to cooperate with
Symposium on Information Theory at the and have trust in each other.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and
psychologist George Miller played the most D) Along with scientists, hundreds of people who
influential role in its emergence. cooperate with and believe each other should fight
against air pollution.
C) But for the notable contribution of psychologist
George Miller to the emergence of cognitive E) What scientists need to do to cope with air
science, on September 11, 1956, the second day of pollution is make hundreds of people, who can
a Symposium on Information Theory at the collaborate with and believe each other, come
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, it might together.
have never existed.
(e-YDS 2018/1)
D) Psychologist George Miller, one of the most
important contributors to the emergence of 33.Research shows that individuals suffering from
cognitive science, traces its roots back to serious depression have a blunted sense of smell;
September 11, 1956, the second day of a however, it is not clear whether that sensory loss
Symposium on Information Theory at the feeds the depression or results from it.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
A) Depending on research, it can be argued that
E) On September 11, 1956, the second day of a seriously depressed individuals have problems with
Symposium on Information Theory at the their sense of smell although it is hard to identify
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the cause.
psychologist George Miller outlined the basics of
cognitive science, to which he substantially B) Serious depression may lead to a loss of smell or
contributed as well. vice versa because as research suggests, severely
depressed people have poor senses.
(e-YDS 2017/10)
C) Severely depressed people have a blunted sense
of smell, as research argues, and it is most likely
because depression leads to sensory loss.

D) ndividuals with serious depression display

sensory loss although research does not indicate
whether depression results in a weak sense of
smell or is caused by it.

E) Although it is not clear if the loss of smell is

caused by depression or leads to it, according to
research, severely depressed people have a weak
sense of smell.

(e-YDS 2018/2)
34. Although German scientist Alfred Wegener is
credited with the idea of continental drift, there
were others who proposed the same idea even
earlier.

A) The idea of continental drift is attributed to

German scientist Alfred Wegener, while there
were others who previously claimed the same idea.

B) Among those who put forward the idea of

continental drift, German scientist Alfred Wegener
was the first to suggest it.

C) Prior to German scientist Alfred Wegener, who

claimed the idea of continental drift, there were
not any other scientists who suggested the same
idea.

D) It was not until German scientist Alfred

Wegener proved the idea of continental drift that
it began to be supported by others.

E) The idea of continental drift could not be

accepted before German scientist Alfred Wegener,
even though there were others offering the same
idea earlier than him.

(e-YDS 2018/3)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.E 21.E

2.B 22.D

3.D 23.A

4.C 24.E

5.D 25.B

6.E 26.E

7.A 27.A

8.D 28.D

9.B 29.D

10.C 30.E
A
11.D 31.D

12.C 32.A

13.B 33.E

14.C 34.A

15.A

16.C

17.A

18.E

19.E

20.C
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL PARAGRAF SORULARI 2. At the end of the 18th century, France was
nearly bankrupt after a series of costly wars. ----
While the country faced starvation, King Louis XVI
For these questions, choose the best option to
and the nobility lived in luxury, and rumours
complete the missing part of the passage.
spread that they were storing grain that the poor
desperately needed. The French people had heard
1. Professional astronomers investigate not only how the Americans overthrew the rule of the
stars but everything to do with space - from the British king in 1776, and as the poor grew more
meteors and the planets of the Solar System to dissatisfied, they demanded change. In 1789, a
distant galaxies billions of light years away. sharp rise in the price of bread and heavy taxes
Astronomy makes a rewarding hobby too, and caused people to take action and the French
many amateur stargazers enjoy observing the Revolution began.
night sky with backyard telescopes or binoculars.
---- This is because light takes such a long time to A) French society was basically divided into three
reach us from distant objects in space. We see the classes before the Revolution.
Moon as it was one and a quarter seconds ago
and the stars as they were hundreds of years ago. B) Agricultural techniques used in France in the
18th century were comparable to that of other
A) Whenever astronomers observe the sky, they countries.
are looking back in time.
C) Britain also had a ready supply of resources and
B) Many ancient cultures followed the Sun and raw materials as well as plentiful food reserves.
stars in order to keep track of the time of year.
D) To make matters worse, a bad harvest in 1788
C) Astronomers divide the whole sky into 88 left much of the population short of food.
segments, each one named after the constellation
vvithin it. E) The new National Assembly promised to give
power to the common people.
D) Today, space telescopes such as the Hubble give
us breathtaking views of distant objects in space. (e-YDS 2014/4)

E) People have been looking up at the night sky for

thousands of year.

(e-YDS 2014/3)
3. The earliest of the ancient civilizations all 4. ---- However, this is an inadequate definition
shared the same fundamental view of the for economists. There is a big difference between
cosmos: that the Earth lay at the centre. ---- The an office worker who is unemployed for a few
specific explanations varied from an ancient weeks and a factory mechanic whose skills are no
society to another. However, the one that came longer useful in finding a job. The former will soon
to dominate the minds of Europeans was be back in work whereas the latter may need to
established by successive generations of Greek be retrained.
philosophers.
A) In its very broadest sense, unemployment
A) The Sumerians, the Babylonians and the simply means the state of not having a job.
Egyptians all had the Sun, Moon, stars and planets
revolving around us. B) All too often governments actually encourage
people to remain unemployed by making their
B) The first known idea of the stars being fixed to unemployment benefits more attractive.
sphere, or hemisphere is attributed to Anaximenes
of Miletus in the 6th century. C) Governments are trying to strike a balance
between encouraging people to find work and
C) Ancient astronomers thought that planets compensating them for losing their jobs.
behaved in a strange fashion; which they failed to
figure out why. D) The labour market is traditionally defined as
flexible for those who are without a job for longer
D) It was the great philosopher, Aristotle, who periods.
refined the explanation of the movements in the
heavens. E) Governments' resolve to tackle unemployment
is understandable given the trauma associated
E) NASA has completely rejected the idea of the with losing one's job.
Earth lying at the heart of the whole cosmos. Earth
lying at the heart of the whole cosmos. (e-YDS 2015/2)

(e-YDS 2015/1) 5. Hunting is difficult and sometimes dangerous,

but predators have evolved many ways of
improving their chances of success. They have
acute senses of detecting their prey. Speed, fast
reactions, and sheer strength help them catch
their meal. ---- They can avoid being detected by
predators, run away, confuse their enemies or
even fight back. So predators and prey are often
evenly matched in this battle for survival.

A) Many animals survive by hunting and eating

other animals.

B) Most predators including tigers hunt alone.

C) But the animals they hunt are not helpless

victims.

D) Stalking and chasing prey is hard work, and it

can use a lot of energy.

E) There are many predators that use their speed

to take their prey.

(e-YDS 2015/5)
6. The Industrial Revolution brought many 7. One important mechanism that shapes a child's
blessings to humanity, such as increased behavior is imitation. All people, particularly
standards of living, improved educational children, have a strong tendency to imitate
opportunities and game-changing technological others. ---- A child observes other people being
innovations. ---- Most obviously, there is the angry or controlling their anger and copies them.
environmental degradation that threatens our Thus, the child's own aggressive behavior is
health and ecological sustainability. But our shaped and determined by what he or she
interior environments - the landscapes of our observes others doing.
individual minds and spirits - may be paying an
even more costly price. Discussion of the A) When children are rewarded, they are more
consequences of this shift is not new. likely to repeat that behavior.

A) Today, we are living in a time that could be B) This imitation extends to virtually every kind of
viewed as one that sprung from the Industrial behavior, including aggression.
Revolution.
C) One of the most common sources of anger is an
B) Yet it all came with a sense of loss, especially in attack or intrusion by another person.
regard to our connection to nature, as we moved
away from an agrarian way of life. D) Imitating others does not mean that the child
will behave aggressively.
C) We are becoming more connected to one
another through the Internet, cell phones and E) Children imitate some people more than others.
other technologies.
(e-YDS 2015/7)
D) Once a genuine connection with the nature is
established, people are far more likely to display 8. The beginning of mathematics is found in the
concern for the environment. first advanced civilizations. Where art,
architecture, writing, justice, and philosophy
E) However, several studies have shown that adults began to develop, the systematic study of
gain considerable benefits from time spent computations and geometry were also initiated.
outdoors, especially in stress reduction. ---- The Arabic numerals, for instance, actually
originated from India. They reached Europe
(e-YDS 2015/6) through the work of Arabic mathematicians.

A) The first use of what we now call mathematics

goes back 5,000 years, and at first mathematics
enabled people to simplify a number of practical
tasks.

B) Business and commercial trade that brought

goods to other people also contributed to the
transfer of some mathematical knowledge.

C) Mathematics was established as a science in

Greece in ancient times by Pythagoras of Samos.

D) Humankind was not given numbers in the

cradle; however, they were needed to determine
the size of a herd of animals with little effort.

E) On the other hand, the first scientific use of

abstract mathematical concepts took place at
around 500 BC.

(e-YDS 2015/8)
9. Rome began as a city centre in central Italy. 10. Egyptian hieroglyphics were a pictographic
Over several centuries the city expanded its script, primarily used on monuments and for
authority and adapted its methods of government religious texts. The Egyptians continued to use
to bring first Italy, then the western simplified forms of hieroglyphics in their daily
Mediterranean and finally almost the whole of lives until the time of the early Christians, when
the Hellenistic world into an empire larger than they switched to writing the Egyptian language
any which had existed in that era before. ---- with the Greek alphabet. ---- Then, in 1799, a
Rome helped to shape European and French military officer, who had come to Egypt as
contemporary practice and opinion about the part of Napoleon's expedition, discovered the
state, about international law and especially Rosetta Stone. On this monument from the 2nd
about empire and the nature of imperia century BC, he found a text written in both
authority. hieroglyphics and Greek. With this new evidence,
philologists finally deciphered hieroglyphics in
A) Romans were influenced by the culture of the 1822.
Etruscans and the Greeks, who inspired Roman
architecture and painting. A) Hieroglyphics were both a means of
communication and a system for classifying the
B) The Roman Empire embraced parts of two world.
continents, Europe and Africa, and would soon
expand into Asia. B) The earliest hieroglyphics were on labels
recording tax payments and royal possessions.
C) The empire reached its limit of expansion and
now faced the daunting task of holding off raiders C) A single hieroglyph was sometimes used as an
and invaders lured by the wealth and fertility of ideogram to represent a whole word.
Rome's provinces.
D) Over the centuries, the understanding of
D) The growth of Rome and other cities around the ancient hieroglyphics was lost.
Roman Empire was made possible by aqueducts,
which supplied fresh water to urban areas. E) Royal names were among the first words written
in hieroglyphs to be deciphered.
E) This unique and astonishing achievement, and
the cultural transformation which it brought about, (e-YDS 2015/10)
laid the foundations of European civilization.

(e-YDS 2015/9)
11. Different climates prevail in various parts of 12. It is known that more than half of all personal
the Earth, from the dry heat of the desert to the aircraft accidents all around the world occur
chill of Polar Regions. Considering this, average during takeoffs or landings. That is why inventor
global figures can be calculated. ---- Thus, climate and entrepreneur Joe Ben Bevirt – known for
differs from weather, which refers to short-term designing airplane-like wind energy turbines – is
conditions during a period ranging from a few intent on making runways obsolete. ---- No
hours to a couple of weeks – or at most, a full-scale prototype exists yet, but Bevirt and his
particular season. According to the size of the team have built about 10- pound models to
area under consideration, climate can be divided demonstrate their concept works.
into microclimate, mesoclimate and
macroclimate. A) Bevirt has mobilized his wind energy team to
create a personal electric airplane that takes off
A) To describe weather and climate in the vertically and flies aerodynamically.
atmosphere, scientists collect data about the
various climatic elements such as temperature, air B) Bevirt states that turbulence would have been
pressure, humidity and wind speed. avoided if more efficient motors and smarter
control systems had been invented.
B) Climate is defined as the full range of weather
conditions experienced in a particular place, C) Bevirt has been given an Invention Award for his
including daily and seasonal changes, over several personal electric airplane prototype which is
decades or longer. as safe and easy to use as an automobile.

C) The Earth is divided into a number of different D) Although Bevirt has come up with a remarkable
climate zones, and one commonly used system is invention, his previous work did not draw much
based on average temperatures in particular attention in scientific circles.
regions.
E) According to Bevirt, old types of personal
D) A multitude of climatic factors influence each of aircraft lacked optimizing efficiency, thus reducing
the Earth's five spheres, ultimately producing noise and improving flight control.
an overall climate in the geosphere.
(e-YDS 2015/12)
E) Diverse conditions and processes work together
to determine the climate of a particular area, so
a distinction is made between primary and
secondary climatic factors.

(e-YDS 2015/11)
13. Literature after the Second World War made a 14. Terms such as addiction and dependency are
fresh start and dealt with the experienced horror. frequently used to describe patterns of illicit
---- For example, in The Naked and The Dead, drug use. ‐‐‐‐ As a result, it is difficult to estimate
Norman Mailer depicted the conquest of a the number of drug users who can be described as
Japanese island from the perspective of an addicted or dependant. Addiction tends to refer
American division commander. He described the to dependence on a particular drug or drugs,
naked facts of the war: the diseased ideas of which has developed to the extent that it has a
individual soldiers, the senselessness of violence, severe and harmful impact on an individual drug
and the deprivation of American society into user. Dependency can refer to physical and/or
which soldiers had to later be reintegrated. This emotional dependency and drug users may
blunt depiction shocked the American public and experience one or both forms.
made him the focus of discussion.
A) Drug users can become physically dependant on
A) Some German authors attempted to use an drugs, thus continuing with their drug use in order
abstract language in their work in order not to to avoid the physical discomfort of withdrawal.
employ the same language as the war criminals.
B) The term dependency is preferable to addiction
B) "Never Again" was the slogan of the survivors of because the latter is linked to negative images
the Second World War, and literature was meant of drug use.
to contribute toward this end.
C) Sociological analysis of drug use has played a
C) Authors sought to use literature to gain significant role in challenging the medicalization of
perspective as well as to politically educate and so‐called deviant behavior.
encourage self-reflection of the public.
D) Drug users can also become emotionally
D) The terrors of the Second World War left dependant on drugs; for example, relying upon
authors with the question of how to avoid the drug use to seek pleasure or to avoid pain.
aftermath.
E) However, there are no universal definitions of
E) Authors such as George Orwell and Aleksandr these terms and they are frequently used
Solzhenitsyn began criticizing their contemporary inconsistently and interchangeably.
political systems.
(e-YDS 2016/3)
(e-YDS 2016/1)
15. Everything you hear, feel, see and think is 16. ---- Infants as young as 6 months show
controlled by your brain. ---- Your brain is also interest in and positive behaviours towards other
capable of producing breathtaking athletic feats, babies, and as infants develop, their interactions
sublime works of art and profound scientific with peers become more frequent and more
insights. Its most amazing achievement, however, complex. During the preschool years, peer
may be that it can understand itself. Studying the interactions continue to grow in frequency and
brain takes you inside this astonishingly complex complexity. Relations with peers become more
organ to show you how it works. You explore a differentiated, and symbolic forms of interaction
wealth of neuroscientific topics, including the begin to predominate over physical ones.
structure of the brain and its cognitive functions
such as learning a language and developing A) Children’s peer relations undergo dramatic
consciousness. changes with development.

A) Adopting positive feelings and attitudes can help B) Children’s interactions are affected neither by
the brain function well. age nor by experience.

B) Some diseases related to brain functions are still C) Social context proves to be an important source
waiting to be explored. of variations in play across different cultures.

C) Researchers have made great progress in D) Unlike older children, infants cannot
understanding the relation between the mind and spontaneously seek their peers for companionship
the brain. or pleasure.

D) It allows you to cope masterfully with your E) Social-learning theories put forward that
environment. children learn behaviours within particular
situations.
E) What makes the brain unique is its unexplored
functions. (e-YDS 2016/5)

(e-YDS 2016/4)
17. During its heyday, between about 900 and 600 18. On 14 August 2003, the north-eastern US and
BC, the Assyrian empire was arguably the largest Canada were crippled by an enormous electrical
and most complex political formation the world blackout that affected 50 million people.
had yet seen. After its initial stage of expansion Commuters struggled to get to work, ATMs failed,
during the 9th century BC, Assyria came to 36 car manufacturing plants were closed and
dominate the entire region that we today call the hundreds of flights were cancelled, resulting in
Middle East: from the Zagros Mountains in tens of millions of dollars in economic losses. The
modern Iran to the eastern coast of the cause was later found to be a software bug in a
Mediterranean, and from the Taurus mountains control room. A few weeks later, the whole of
in southern Turkey to the Persian Gulf. ---- In so Italy was cut off from Europe's electricity grid for
doing, the Assyrians left an unforgettable mark on 18 hours after falling trees took out two power
the development of civilization within and lines in neighboring Switzerland. ---- But in fact
beyond the Middle East. they are becoming increasingly common, and will
only get more frequent and severe.
A) The origin of Assyria is closely related to the
fortunes and misfortunes of the city of Ashur, A) Electrical devices fuel our existence because
hence Assyria gets its name. they are crucial for our food, water and transport.

B) The early political development of the Assyrian B) Software bugs are easy to detect if the technical
state was influenced by the structure of the expertise is available in the country.
Sumerian and Akkadian city-states of alluvial
southern Iraq. C) Unless we act now, more and more countries
will start to experience similar events.
C) The first segment of Assyrian history that comes
into focus in the textual record is that of a D) Electricity systems are complex high-tech
commercial empire established by Assyrian assemblages in most of the countries affected.
merchants during the Old Assyrian period.
E) People tend to think of such events as
D) The Assyrian empire is well-known from occasional, inconvenient occurrences.
references in the Bible, the most famous of which
is to the Assyrian king Sennacherib, who besieged (e-YDS 2016/8)
Jerusalem in 701 BC.

E) Through their imperial policies, the Assyrians

became a driving force in shaping the political,
cultural, and demographic make-up of the ancient
Near East.

(e-YDS 2016/6)
19. Malaria has killed more humans than anything 21. The personal computer (PC) is a familiar item
else in history. Up to a million people still die of in many homes all over the world. People use PCs
the disease each year. Since the 17th century, to play games, write letters, and manage
doctors have tackled it with a series of domestic and business accounts. E-mail takes only
medications. ---- For that reason, the most seconds to deliver messages and pictures to the
effective treatment today is a cocktail of drugs. other side of the globe. ---- It is hard to imagine a
world without PCs. Yet, they are relatively new. It
A) The first successful cellular drug against malaria was not until 1975 that a computer appeared that
contains 12 genes from three different organisms. was both affordable and small enough to use at
home.
B) The World Health Organization estimated that
the financial burden of treating malaria has been A) Thus, computers respond to instructions in
hundreds of billions of dollars. machine code written in binary, and a computer
program comprises pages of zeros and ones.
C) Attempts to cure people with malaria using a
single type of medicine have not traditionally been B) On the other hand, in a modern computer,
very successful. backup memory is stored on hard disks inside the
disk drive.
D) A strain of malaria resistant to a mixture of new
drugs has been isolated in Cambodia and the Far C) Instead, the power of a PC depends on the
East. speed of its processor and the amount of memory
it has.
E) Studies of cheaper and more effective malaria
drugs seem promising. D) Moreover, PCs are used to shop, make travel
arrangements, book hotels, and buy theater and
(e-YDS 2016/9) concert tickets.

20. ---- This select group of mammals includes the E) Therefore, computer sofware will work only if
higher primates, members of the horse family, the computer is able to communicate with a
elephants, cetaceans and camelids. It is no storage device such as a disk drive.
coincidence that all of these animals live in stable,
bonded social groups. Group living has its (e-YDS 2016/11)
benefits, but it can also be stressful and members
cannot simply leave when things gets tough,
which is where friendship comes in. Friends form
defensive coalitions that keep everyone else just
far enough away, without driving them off
completely.

A) Grooming is a time consuming job, meaning that

primates cannot sustain social groups of more than
50.

B) Over the past two million years, there seems to

have been increasing pressure to evolve larger
social groups.

C) Friendship gives social groups a different

structure from herds of deer or antelope.

D) From the point of view of each animal within it,

a bonded society is made up of layers.

E) Most animals have acquaintances but only a few

species are capable of true friendship.
(e-YDS 2016/10)
22. Psychology is a branch of science dealing with 24. The shelf life of donated blood is short, just 42
the workings of the mind, its defects and how it days, and during emergencies, even a large supply
influences human behaviour. Psychotherapy can quickly run out. To prolong blood's useful life,
attempts to use our understanding of psychology hospitals can freeze it, but they rarely do so
to benefit people with mental health issues or because technicians need to add glycerol, which
full-blown mental illness. ---- The procedure is prevents ice from ripping the red blood cells
purely verbal; no use is made of medication. apart. ---- Therefore, in order to keep stocks high,
hospitals must rely on a constant stream of
A) A psychotherapist will talk with the patient to donors - a system that is less than reliable.
try to get to the root of their thought processes
and their emotional state. A) The trouble is that it is toxic and must be
removed before the blood is used, a process that
B) A psychotherapist can prescribe psychotherapy can take several days.
for patients as well as other treatments such as
medication. B) A recently found ingredient used in eyedrops
can protect frozen blood cells for a very short time.
C) Psychotherapists tend to differ in their approach
to this kind of therapy. C) Not all hospitals approve of defrosting as it is
time consuming for patients who need emergency
D) There is no well-established theory to explain treatment.
why we humans are so prone to analyzing the
mind. D) Allowing hospitals to stockpile huge amounts of
blood is becoming a highly controversial issue.
E) Practitioners in this field chart how the
psychological outlook of human beings varies with E) The important thing is that hospitals must
age. decide on the most effective way of freezing cells
to boost blood supplies.
(e-YDS 2016/12)
(e-YDS 2017/2)
23. Some people enjoy being part of the crowd
and forming friendships; however, there are
others who do not. This is an important choice
indeed because our friends act on our health,
wealth and mental well-being. ---- We become
prone to illnesses and depression. In fact, our
bodies react to a lack of friends as if a crucial
biological need is going unfilled. This is not
surprising as evolution has equipped us with the
desire to make friends and spend time with them.

A) Social isolation, on the other hand, creates

physical pain and leaves us stressed.

B) People with strong social ties are more likely to

be successful in their jobs.

C) Our urge to make friends shapes our minds,

bodies and also our psychology.

D) However, the time spent socialising could be

used in other activities such as meditation.

E) Having a large circle of friends may also result in

unexpected problems.

(e-YDS 2017/1)
25. Contrary to popular belief, simply eating more 26. There are lots of good reasons to bring back
protein, in excess of recommended amounts, will extinct animals. ---- Woolly mammoths, for
not result in bigger muscles. Our bodies do not example, were gardeners. They knocked down
store excess protein. If we eat more protein than saplings, ate grass and fertilised the ground via
our bodies need to replenish the amino acids we their nutrient-rich dung. But when they
have used during the day, the excess amino acids disappeared, the gardening stopped, biodiversity
are converted to fat. ---- Therefore, the plummeted and the lush mammoth steppe was
recommendations for protein change according to replaced by species-poor tundra. Studies suggest
age and are slightly higher for adolescents and that if large grazers were returned to the far
pregnant women. north, biodiversity would increase again.

A) De-extinction, fast becoming reality, has the

A) The thousands of proteins that make up our power to save species, shape evolution and sculpt
bodies are assembled on demand from some 20 the future of life on our planet.
different amino acids.
B) Every day, between 30 and 150 species
B) The best sources of complete protein are meat disappear from the face of our planet, and studies
and poultry, fish, low fat dairy products, and eggs. reveal that extinction rates today are 1,000 times
higher than they were pre-human times.
C) Because our requirements for protein mainly
depend on our body's size, our need for protein C) To revers extinction would undoubtedly be a
increases during times of rapid growth. huge moment for the fields of biology and
conversation, and a feat that could motivate future
D) Individuals on severely restricted diets and generations of wildlife defenders.
those whose needs increase because of illness,
growth or trauma may experience protein D) All animals perform important roles in the
deficiency. ecosystems they live in, so when lost species are
returned, so too are the jobs they once performed.
E) People of many cultures, conditions and ages
get adequate amounts and types of protein by E) De-extinction is a process that begins with
eating various combinations of plant proteins. creating a single animal in the lab and then ends,
many years later, with the release and survival of
(e-YDS 2017/3) sustainable populations in the wild.

(e-YDS 2017/4)
27. It is impossible to ignore alphabets and their 28. Star Wars, with its groundbreaking special
influence on the development of Western effects and surprising commercial success, may be
civilisation. Alphabets represent phonemes - units the most influential science-fiction film of all
of speech that are distinguishable within a time. It inspired a series of sequels that together
language - and, thus, alphabetic texts typically now constitute the most commercially successful
remain close to their familiar spoken language. franchise in film history. ---- Therefore, the
This can make it relatively easy in learning to read massive influence of Star Wars on the genre has
and write. It also makes computing and printing not been entirely positive. Still, the film certainly
easier. In contrast, non-alphabetic writing tends breathed new life into science-fiction that
to represent concepts independent of their seemed, at the time, lowered to a relatively minor
representation in speech. ---- Thus, for example, status in American culture.
in written Chinese there are thousands of
characters to learn and remember. The huge A) On the other hand, there is no doubt that the
number of symbols also makes printing and much-discussed special effects of Star Wars were a
computer use more difficult in non-alphabetic large part of the film's success with moviegoers.
writing.
B) It quickly became the most profitable film ever,
A) While there are a small number of phonemes in while the merchandising campaign that
any language, there are numerous concepts and, accompanied the film became an unprecedented
correspondingly, numerous symbols. success.

B) In Europe, for example, there is no common C) As a result, the link between Star Wars and its
written language in which one could write the various indirect sources is among the most widely
charter for a European union. discussed aspects of the film.

C) The move to alphabetic writing represents the D) While few specific elements of Star Wars may
adoption of a useful new tool, and the origin of a be particularly original, the film is unique in its
print culture can clearly be seen as a consequence effective combination of ingredients from so many
of the shift to alphabetic writing. sources.

D) It may be easier to express laws less E) Meanwhile, science-fiction started to rely more
ambiguously in an alphabetic language, but the on spectacular special effects than on thoughtful
possibilities for poetry may be greater in a scenarios or believable characters.
language less tied to precise replication of spoken
forms. (e-YDS 2017/6)

E) Many would argue that alphabetic writing made

literacy and mass distribution of texts through the
use of the printing press possible.

(e-YDS 2017/5)
29. Non-profit organizations comprise the sector 30. Some people regard hydropower as the ideal
of the economy referred to as the non-profit, fuel for electricity generation because, unlike the
voluntary, or third sector. Incorporated under non-renewable fuels used to generate electricity,
state law as charitable or not-for-profit it is almost free, there are no waste products, and
corporations, these organizations are hydropower does not pollute the water or the air.
distinguished from organizations that focus on ---- For instance, in the Columbia River in the
either making a profit (the private sector) or United States, salmon must swim upstream to
serving as an arm of government (the their spawning grounds – the areas where they
governmental sector). ---- As a result, they lay eggs – but the series of dams gets in their way.
provide not only welfare services, but also social, Different approaches to fixing this problem have
educational, and cultural services. been used, including the construction of fish
ladders which help the salmon step up the dam to
A) Although the majority of non-profit the spawning grounds upstream.
organizations are funded through donations,
product sales can also help with funding. A) In addition, hydroelectric dams can be used to
control floods, divert water for irrigation
B) The extent to which such organizations purposes, and improve navigation on a river.
contribute to the economy is indicative of a
region’s economic prosperity. B) Of the renewable energy sources that generate
electricity, hydropower is the most often used.
C) Non-profit organizations aim to improve
standards in a given country in various areas of life. C) However, it is criticised because it changes the
environment by threatening natural habitats.
D) Statistics indicate that the number of non-profit
organizations has continued to grow in recent D) Because the source of hydropower is water,
years. hydroelectric power plants must be located on a
water source.
E) This sector may be the fastest-growing one in
the United States economy, with over 1.6 million E) In addition to rainwater, much of the water to
non-profit organizations in existence. produce hydroelectricity comes from oceans, lakes,
and rivers.
(e-YDS 2017/7)
(e-YDS 2017/8)
31. Research suggests that bilinguals may have 32. Physics is by far the most important scientific
some cognitive advantages, ranging from creative discipline relevant to astronomy, the study of the
thinking to faster progress in early cognitive Universe and everything in it. In fact, in modern
development and greater sensitivity in times, the terms 'astronomy' and 'astrophysics'
communication. For example, bilinguals may are often used interchangeably. ---- For example,
exhibit greater cognitive flexibility in if astronomers eventually find extraterrestrial
understanding the relationship between objects intelligent life, psychology and sociology could
and their labels. Because bilinguals have two or become important to the study of the Universe as
more words for many objects and ideas, the link a whole.
between a word and its concept is usually looser
for bilinguals than monolinguals. ---- Thus, A) Modern particle physics is also absolutely
bilinguals have the possibility of developing more necessary to decipher the mysteries of the very
advanced language awareness and more fluency, early Universe and, ultimately, the very beginning
flexibility, and elaboration in thinking than of everything.
monolinguals.
B) Since prehistoric times, humans have looked at
A) Given sufficient motivation and opportunity, all the sky and observed the motions of the Sun,
normally developing individuals can learn more Moon, planets, and stars.
than one language.
C) It is also important to note that the serious use
B) For example, a bilingual may have an extensive of physics to study the Universe has become very
vocabulary but a poor pronunciation, or a native- important in the field as a whole.
like pronunciation but underdeveloped grammar.
D) The most important way astronomers gain
C) For bilinguals, having two or more words for information about the universe is by gathering and
particular concepts extends the range of meanings, interpreting light energy from other parts of the
associations, and images. universe.

D) Because language and culture are inextricably E) That being said, all sciences are valuable to
linked, bilingualism provides the opportunity to astronomy, and some disciplines that are not very
experience two or more cultures in very authentic related now may someday be extremely vital.
ways.
(e-YDS 2017/10)
E) Ability in each domain may be relatively
advanced in both languages or may just be
developing in a second or third language.

(e-YDS 2017/9)
33. Esperanto is a constructed language which 34. Yoga today is a mainstream fitness activity,
was intended for international use. Originating as with many adults participating in what most
an artificial language, it is unique in that it has people believe is an ancient practice. Surprisingly,
enjoyed sufficient success and has been able to the yoga you are going to the mat for is not that
acquire a speech community. As a result, the old. ---- They saw yoga, then more of a
epithet 'artificial' is arguably no longer applicable. philosophy, as a non-sectarian, indigenous symbol
---- However, its proponents' hopes of its being of India that transcended divisions of religion and
generally adopted for international use have not language: a handy tool to have when you are
been realized, and its future can only be seen as trying to unify a nation. These Victorian-era gurus
uncertain. spread their version of yoga worldwide as a
proudly Indian way to achieve a higher level of
A) Some three-fourths of the basic vocabulary understanding through contemplation.
roots of Esperanto are of Romance origin, with the
remainder mostly Germanic or Slavic. A) Modern postural yoga, the practice of actually
holding poses, originated with early 20th century
B) It remains to be seen whether Esperanto is a guru Krishnamacharya, who taught people a mix of
linguistic curiosity doomed to disappear or a gymnastic and wrestling moves.
brilliant idea whose moment has yet to come.
B) Hatha yoga, which emerged in 10th century
C) Estimates of the number of Esperanto speakers India and was practiced by many traditional
differ widely and are controversial, ranging from a religious orders, puts an emphasis on controlling
few tens of thousands to several million. breath and maintaining certain postures.

D) Opposition to Esperanto is often more C) Around the 15th century BC, the authors of key
emotional than rational, with some critics arguing Sanskrit writings used yoga to mean an animal’s
that the language is without a culture. yoke and also an entire war chariot, which was
symbolic of the unifying wars India was
E) Unlike computer languages and codes, experiencing at the time.
Esperanto generally satisfies the criteria for
recognition as a form of natural language. D) What we generally think of as yoga began in late
19th century India, when leaders of an anti-
(e-YDS 2018/1) colonialism movement sought to rally their
countrymen to their cause.

E) Though it is currently advised to improve one’s

balance and gain some mobility, yoga was
considered more of a spiritual practice in the 19th
century within Indian society.

(e-YDS 2018/2)
35. Humans have been adorning and modifying
their bodies for thousands of years. People from
all cultures around the world have made efforts
to change their bodies in different ways in an
attempt to meet their standards of beauty as well
as their religious or social obligations. ---- Scholars
who have studied the ways in which humans
mark their bodies note that bodily displays create,
communicate, and maintain individuality and
distinctiveness. Today, tattooing, piercing, and
other forms of permanent and temporary body
modification are seen by many as visible markers
of self-expression.

A) Extreme modifications such as heavy tattooing

and multiple piercings might be seen as
outrageous and criticised by others.

B) On the other hand, human bodies are never

unmarked, even when not explicitly marked
through adornment, because bodies can be fat or
thin, male or female, and young or old.

C) However, body painting has probably been

practised since the Palaeolithic Era as
archaeological evidence indicates.

D) In addition, people modify and adorn their

bodies as part of the complex process of creating
their personal identities.

E) Adornments such as jewellery have been found

in the earliest human graves, and bodies
unearthed from 5,000 years ago show signs of
intentional head shaping.

(e-YDS 2018/3)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.A 21.D

2.D 22.A

3.A 23.A

4.A 24.A

5.C 25.C

6.B 26.D

7.B 27.A

8.B 28.E
A 9.E 29.C

10.D 30.C

11.B 31.C

12.A 32.E

13.C 33.E

14.E 34.D

15.D 35.D

16.A

17.E

18.E

19.C

20.E
e-YDS GEÇMİŞ YIL ROMA RAKAMI 3. (I) Life first stirred on this planet about three and
SORULARI a half billion years ago. (II) At first, and for
immense periods from then on, it was comprised
only of the simplest single-celled organisms. (III)
For these questions, choose the irrelevant Powered by sunlight, these early life forms took
sentence in the passage. carbon dioxide gas and water from their
environment and used these materials to make
1. (I) We can never step back into history, whether carbohydrates as a means to produce energy. (IV)
our own personal history or that of a society. (II) Carbohydrates are essential elements for carbon-
The past is gone, and we have only its traces to based organisms to produce necessary energy to
bring it back to memory. (III) But web-based continue their existence. (V) As a by-product they
systems and computer games now make it possible released oxygen and therefore changed the
to interact with the past by presenting a atmosphere over billions of years.
reconstruction of buildings that no longer exist.
(IV) Computer games provide opportunities to A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
familiarize ourselves with important figures in
history, such as sultans and kings, as well as (e-YDS 2015/1)
learning more about the past. (V) However, many
think that it cannot compete with the emotional 4. (I) Building a boat that cannot be sunk may
experience of actually visiting somewhere. sound like a worthwhile goal, but put enough holes
in a ship and it will always sink. (II) The only
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V reliable way to stay afloat is to avoid hitting
anything by navigating safely, and ensure that
(e-YDS 2014/3) nothing catches fire. (III) In some waters, for
example, pirates are an ever-present danger. (IV)
2. (I) Although Mediterranean cuisine is much The SOLAS (Safety of Life At Sea) regulations that
heralded for its medicinal value, it is not the only followed the Titanic disaster have grown to cover a
cuisine that serves up a large helping of health. (II) ship's smallest details. (V) From a requirement for
Traditional Scandinavian offerings do, too, and a double hulls on oil tankers to the design of buckles
notable part of the benefits comes from on lifejackets, there is a regulation to ensure all
cranberries. (III) Like cranberries, blueberries and components are up to the job.
bilberries are loaded with blue-red pigments that
are potent antioxidants. (IV) A group of Nordic A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
researchers recently studied 70 people who
followed a healthy diet rich in cranberries. (V) (e-YDS 2015/2)
Subjects showed an improved ratio of good to bad
cholesterol and reduced inflammation. 5. (I) Although humans do not use smells to
communicate, many other mammals do. (II)
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V Odorous substances take a long time to fade and
can be left as signposts to mark out an animal's
(e-YDS 2014/4) territory. (III) Scents contain a lot of information -
they tell visitors the sex of the animal, its age and
may even identify the individual. (IV) Mammals can
also use sound for a variety of reasons, for
example, to attract mates, to startle enemies, and
to locate relatives. (V) For example, a male cheetah
marks its territory with a jet of strong-smelling
urine, and this warns visiting males to keep out.

A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V

(e-YDS 2015/5)
6. (I) Music can change our mood by changing the 9. (I) By the 1980s, a tide of new technologies such
way we perceive the world. (II) Karaoke can have a as the personal computer, the fax machine and the
decidedly negative effect on mood depending on cellular phone caused a great change in China. (II)
the singer. (III) For example, in experiments in These devices increased the amount of information
which people looked at smiley or sad face icons, available and improved access to information. (III)
the music they were listening to affected what What had once been accessible only to the
they saw. (IV) A beat can even affect our heart rate powerful became accessible to all. (IV) Many
and, when people sing together, their breathing people had difficulty in keeping up with the
may become synchronised and positive emotions complexity and control of these new devices.
increased. (V) These effects are perhaps not so (V) They made it easier for people to exchange
surprising when we know that musical patterns information and people became more aware of
affect the auditory brainstem, as well as auditory what was happening around.
cortex, parts of the neural reward system and
other areas involved in memory and emotion. A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V

A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V (e-YDS 2015/9)

(e-YDS 2015/6) 10. (I) Materials that are to be used for teaching
young learners should be associated with their
7. (I) Pia Winberg at the University of Wollongong overall development level. (II) With standardized
in Australia is looking at seaweed cultivation for test scores in the US dropping in recent years,
medical application. (II) And for that, she prefers some administrators believe students need to
growing it on land. (III) Unlike seaweed grown for spend more time in the classroom instead of on
biofuel or food, medical uses need highly the playground. (III) However, findings show that
controlled growing conditions. (IV) Using 25- exercise and academics may not be mutually left
metre-long saltwater tanks, Winberg can aside. (IV) Physical activity can improve blood flow
manipulate the plants to encourage the traits she to the brain, fuelling memory, attention and
needs. (V) Many seaweed species have yet to be creativity, which are essential to learning. (V) So,
classified, so there are likely to be many more while it may seem as if children are just exercising
species with valuable medical uses. their bodies when they are running around, they
may actually be exercising their brains as well.
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
(e-YDS 2015/7)
(e-YDS 2015/10)
8. (I) What people have at their breakfast tables
differs greatly across nations - croissant for the 11. (I) Food decomposes when bacteria and other
French or bread for the Turks. (II) A quick, microorganisms consume it and the decay caused
nutritious and healthy breakfast does not need to by microorganisms spoils food. (II) Some bacteria,
take much time. (III) In fact, it merely requires a such as Botulism and Salmonella, can cause food
little forward planning. (IV) The problem is that we poisoning which can lead to serious illness and
are all in a hurry in the morning, and this has been sometimes even death. (III) A variety of food-
the basis of the success of the carbohydrate preserving methods are used to prevent bacteria
breakfast over the past 40 years. (V) When you are from spoiling food. (IV) A sterile tube takes the
rushing and need a quick burst of energy, what milk directly from the cow to a room where the
could be easier than a bowl of cereal or a slice of milk is cooled and stored before being shipped
toast with marmalade? out. (V) In many traditional methods, food is
preserved by removing the water that
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V microorganisms need for growth or by adding
chemicals that limit their growth.
(e-YDS 2015/8)
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V

(e-YDS 2015/11)
12. (I) There are many things that humans cannot 15. (I) Many different kinds of people are involved
do – we cannot run like cheetahs, fly like eagles in hacking, and different hacker types have
or echolocate insects like bats. (II) But the human developed in the online community. (II) The main
contribution to the miracle of life is obvious: groupings include ‘black hats’, who tend to be
we are the originators of new ideas. (III) The ideas engaged in malicious activity for profit. (III) ‘White
blended in our minds often contain sharp hats’ have benign reasons for hacking, such as
differences. (IV) We hit upon new ideas all the testing security arrangements. (IV) ‘Blue hats’, on
time, and they arise constantly in our minds. (V) the other hand, work for an official computer firm
They may also influence other minds and change to deal with potential problems. (V) The history of
the world. hacking, however, represents an ongoing digital
underground that can be innovative.
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
(e-YDS 2015/12)
(e-YDS 2016/4)
13. (I) Our fascination with what makes us 'us' has
inspired decades of research. (II) One popular 16. (I) The World Health Organisation estimates
idea is that our capacity for language sets us apart that 246 million people have poor vision. (II)
from other animals. (III) Unfortunately, delving into Among these, almost 90 percent live in low-income
the science of ourselves has not yielded any areas without good access to health care or
conclusions about our identities. (IV) More recent expensive diagnostic machines. (III) To solve this
accounts have incorporated emerging insights problem, a private laboratory has combined a
from evolutionary and developmental psychology. tool often used for eye tests into a single
(V) For instance, in A Natural History of Human inexpensive and portable device. (IV) Fitting people
Thinking, Michael Tomasello argues that our ability for glasses is also important, but it is only half of
to take on different perspectives makes us the battle. (V) It calculates whether someone
exceptional. is shortsighted by measuring the size and shape of
their eyes.
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
(e-YDS 2016/1)
(e-YDS 2016/5)
14. (I) The philosophic foundation of most animal
rights groups grows from a view that all living 17. (I) Our bodies are constantly monitoring the
species are equal and equally worthy of dignity and world, detecting nuances in light, sound, chemistry
freedom. (II) Animal rights is a political movement, and texture. (II) The continual flow of information
started in the 20th century, that argues for the is so important to us that taking away any of our
rights of animals against domination or abuse by senses can cause anxiety and depression. (III)
human beings. (III) This ranges from opposition to When light from an object enters the eye, the
experimentation on animals to prevention of cruel cornea and lens focus it to produce a clear, but
or neglectful treatment of farm or domestic upside-down, image on the retina. (IV) But we are
animals, to vegetarianism, or the non‐eating of only capable of sensing a tiny fraction of what is
meat. (IV) Animal rights organizations use a variety going on in our surroundings. (V) Compared with
of means to assert their cause. (V) These include some animals, we wander through life in a
lobbying legislatures to pass laws protecting blissfully ignorant state, missing out entirely on
animals and public demonstrations around animal signals that they rely on for survival.
laboratories.
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
(e-YDS 2016/6)
(e-YDS 2016/3)
18. (I) Taste-testing high-quality chocolates may 21. (I) People who leave the radio on for their cat
sound like a pleasant job but it is a thankless while they are out are not doing it a favour. (II) In
one because the flavour differences are subtle. (II) fact, many owners recognize the restrictions
"Like those who grow grapes and make wine, placed upon their cats by indoor living. (III) In a
chocolatiers have their own terminology," says recent study, researchers tracked how cats
Mark Pennington, a gourmet sales manager for respond to music for humans versus recordings
western Canada. (III) Chocolate traceable to a with sounds of a higher pitch generally associated
specific region or plantation is known as 'single with the sounds cats make. (IV) Cats mostly
origin'. (IV) Common descriptors are fruity, earthy, ignored classical works and overwhelmingly
nutty, and roasted. (V) A chocolate might be fruity responded to the tunes created for them, in some
with notes of red fruit like dried cherries, or earthy cases even rubbing against the speaker. (V) "We're
with hints of grass or moss. trying to get people to think more carefully about
why they're playing music for their cats," says
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V University of Wisconsin psychologist Charles
Snowdon, "and who it's really benefitting."
(e-YDS 2016/8)
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
19. (I) Vegetables are composed primarily of
simple and complex carbohydrates, water, and (e-YDS 2016/11)
very little protein. (II) They provide vitamins,
inerals, and nonnutrients, and also contribute 22. (I) Most egg-laying animals go to great lengths
appetite appeal to a meal through color, texture, to give their developing offspring the best start in
and flavor. (III) Cooking time for vegetables should life by protecting them from the weather and from
be kept to a minimum to preserve nutrients and predators. (II) The developing egg is protected by a
retain flavor. (IV) In general, light green vegetables tough, leathery capsule. (III) Rather than
provide vitamins, minerals, and a large amount of abandoning eggs or young unable to fend for
the carbohydrate cellulose. (V) Yellow and dark themselves, a parent can adopt one of several
green vegetables are excellent sources of vitamin methods to protect them. (IV) It might carry its
A. eggs around, place them in tough protective cases,
or gather them in a safe haven, such as a nest, over
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V which they stand guard. (V) A nest can be anything
from a scrape in the sand or the underside of a
(e-YDS 2016/9) rock to a complicated structure that the parents
have taken many days to build.
20. (I) Making a shopping list before hitting a store
is not just about remembering necessary items, it A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
can also help you tune out unwanted marketing
messages. (II) Studies on goal activation show that (e-YDS 2016/12)
if you make a concrete action plan, such as a
shopping list, you are more likely to do what you 23. (I) Malaria is an ancient disease that led to the
actually set out to do. (III) "We go with good fall of empires. (II) The malaria drug guanine came
intentions, to get our bread and milk, then we are from the bark of cinchona tree. (III) It was a leading
bombarded by various displays and coupons meant cause of death in the tropics and one of the
to change our minds about what we actually greatest health problems faced by would be
need," says Kelly Goldsmith from Northwestern colonizers, like the British. (IV) In India alone, it
University. (IV) Yet, becoming a smarter shopper affected more than 25 million people. (V) It killed
not only requires making a shopping list, but it also around two million people a year.
calls for being patient and thinking about long term
factors. (V) A shopping list can keep your goal of A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
shopping wisely at the top of your mind amid
several distractors. (e-YDS 2017/1)

A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V

(e-YDS 2016/10)
24. (I) The horse originated in North America 27. (I) Black holes may be massive, but they are
nearly two million years ago and spread to also extraordinarily compact. (II) That combination
Euroasia over the Bering land bridge. (II) Then, of properties makes them challenging regions to
about 10,000 BC, horses vanished from the New evaluate across vast cosmic distances. (III) To learn
World, possibly killed for food by humans who had more about these objects' physical properties,
come to the continent from Euroasia. (III) Spanish astronomers must therefore come up with
horses captured in the 1680 Pueblo Revolt were measuring tricks. (IV) OJ 287, a binary
traded to other tribes, helping the horse move supermassive black hole system, sits about 3.5
north. (IV) When the horse returned with billion light-years from the Earth. (V) An
European colonists, it transformed the culture of international team of astronomers recently
many tribes. (V) In time, Native Americans and invented a new one, and they reported how to
settlers developed new breeds. determine a black hole's spin.

A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V

(e-YDS 2017/2) (e-YDS 2017/5)

25. (I) Teachers ask many questions during a 28. (I) When it is sunny, it seems like people are
course of instruction, with some asking as many as happier – we fill the parks and beaches, and radio
300 to 400 a day. (II) Paying attention only to the stations start blasting out upbeat tunes. (II) Even
students who always share their thoughts or are though sunlight gives many health benefits, such as
first to raise their hands might cause a teacher to strong bones and production of vitamin D, we have
lose touch with the rest of the class. (III) Questions been recommended by scientists to enjoy it in
are generally asked for one of two purposes: to moderation. (III) However, research has repeatedly
maintain student attention or to check students' failed to find any evidence that people who live in
understanding. (IV) Attention-maintaining sunnier places enjoy more positive moods. (IV) A
questions are often short ones posed during massive study published in 2016 even brought into
teaching that require a factual response from a question the idea that a lack of sunshine can lead
single student. (V) In contrast, questions designed to seasonal affective disorder (SAD). (V) Nearly
to assess students' understanding are often more 35,000 US adults completed a mood survey at
open-ended and they focus on conceptual different times of year, and there was no evidence
knowledge. of more symptoms of depression among those
who completed the survey in winter.
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
(e-YDS 2017/3)
(e-YDS 2017/6)
26. (I) At the turn of the 20th century, the
countries of Europe were a complicated network of 29. (I) In 1633, the Italian astronomer Galileo
alliances and rivalries. (II) So, when the heir to the Galilei was taken to the court of the Inquisition in
Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand, was assasinated Rome. (II) The charge against him was heresy – an
by a Serbian nationalist in 1914 and Austria offense against the teachings of the Church. (III)
declared war on Serbia, other nations were quickly Galileo supported the view that the Earth was not
drawn into the crisis, which then turned into World centre of the Universe but, together with the other
War I. (III) This was the first war where airplanes planets, orbited the Sun. (IV) Galileo used his own
and zeppelins were used on a large scale. (IV) In telescope to observe the effect of the Sun's light
Europe, the fighting took place on two fronts: the on the planets. (V) Fearing torture and death,
Western front, stretching from Belgium to Galileo abandoned his belief in court, but as he
Switzerland, and the Eastern front, from the Baltic denied the Earth moved, it is said he muttered
to the Black Sea. (V) However, the conflict soon under his breath, "And yet it does move."
spread to European colonies all over the world.
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
(e-YDS 2017/7)
(e-YDS 2017/4)
30. (I) The first successful head transplant, in which 33. (I) In the middle of the fourteenth century, the
one head was replaced by another, was carried out Italian scholar and poet Petrarch looked at his
in 1970. (II) A team led by Robert White at Case world with fresh and critical eyes and had new
Western Reserve University School of Medicine in ideas. (II) In place of medieval values and methods
Cleveland, Ohio, transplanted the head of one of learning, he looked back to the literature and
monkey onto the body of another. (III) They did philosophy of the ancient world for inspiration and
not attempt to join the spinal cords, though, so the advice on how to live. (III) By the time of his death
monkey could not move its body, but it was able to in 1374, other Europeans had begun to share his
breathe with artificial assistance. (IV) Implanted vision. (IV) There occured movements in history
electrodes would provide regular electrical that affected every area of life and knowledge,
stimulation to the spinal cord, because research from art to zoology, from commerce to science. (V)
suggests this can strengthen new nerve By about 1400 a group of Italians, scholars as well
connections. (V) Although few head transplants as men and women from many walks of life, had
have been carried out since, many of the surgical created a new intellectual movement called
procedures involved have progressed. humanism that combined ethics, rhetoric, and
education and their ideas began to transform
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V Italian and European civilization.

(e-YDS 2017/8) A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V

31. (I) Our sense of touch does much more than (e-YDS 2018/1)
help us navigate the world at our fingerprints. (II)
We can lose our sense of touch in a number of 34. (I) Adaptive behaviours are learned, people are
ways. (III) In the example of Ian Waterman, his not born with them. (II) However, problems in
immune system attacked his nerves and he lost his developing adaptive skills can occur in children of
sense of proprioception – a kind of internal touch any age. (III) They involve the ability to adapt to
that helps us locate our body in space. (IV) Other and manage one’s surroundings to effectively
cases have been reported in which people lose the function and meet social or community
ability to feel prods and pokes, with similarly expectations. (IV) Infants learn to walk, to talk, and
debilitating results. (V) There is also a community to eat with a spoon whereas older children learn to
of people in Norrbotten, Sweden, who have a cross the street, to go to the store, and to follow a
genetic condition that causes them to lack the great variety of rules while interacting with people,
sense of touch. such as when to say please and thank you. (V)
Good adaptive behaviour promotes independence
A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V at home, at school and in the community but
maladaptive behaviour, which is problematic,
(e-YDS 2017/9) interferes with child’s achievement of
independence.
32. (I) Most people would be convinced by now
that children exposed to adult domestic violence A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V
would all show evidence of greater problems than
nonexposed children. (II) In fact, the picture is not (e-YDS 2018/2)
so clear. (III) There is a growing research literature
on children’s resilience in the face of traumatic
events. (IV) The surprise in these research findings
is that many children exposed to traumatic events
show no greater problems than nonexposed peers.
(V) Adults, including parents, older siblings,
relatives, neighbours, and teachers may all play
protective roles in the life of children exposed to
violence.

A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V

(e-YDS 2017/10)
35. (I) Using natural products such as apple skins
and lemon juice as food additives causes problems
in large-scale manufacturing situations. (II)
Consumer demand for manufactured food that has
a high uniform quality with a long shelf life and
that is as close to the natural state as possible has
been the major determinant for an increase in the
use of additives. (III) First, the desired active
ingredients in natural products are not consistent
in quality, properties, or concentration in their
natural state. (IV) Furthermore, they may bring
both undesirable flavour attributes, associated
with their source, to the finished product, and
microbiological contamination. (V) For example,
using orange or lemon juice to acidify a food
inevitably brings the flavour of oranges or lemons,
which may not be desired in the finished product.

A) I B) II C) II D) IV E) V

(e-YDS 2018/3)

TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.D 21.B

2.C 22.B

3.D 23.B

4.C 24.C

5.D 25.B

6.B 26.C

7.E 27.D

8.A 28.B

9.D 29.D
A
10.A 30.D

11.D 31.A

12.C 32.E

13.C 33.D

14.A 34.B

15.E 35.B

16.D

17.C

18.C

19.C

20.D