EIA Final
EIA Final
EIA Final
Executive summery
The main components of the ESIA report review is structures under seven sections. The first
section deals with the introduction part; Section two discusses about the initial environmental
examination and scoping; Section three The impact analysis of socio-economic factors, section
four to reviews the implementation and mitigation of the EIA project report, section five the
evaluation of EIA report review section six the policy, legal and institutional frameworks that are
relevant to the project under consideration. In the last section; section of the report, conclusive
remarks and recommendations are highlighted under the conclusion and recommendation
section.
1. Introduction
The basic purpose to review the document of Environmental impact assessment (EIA) to
identify, predict and analyze the magnitude of environmental and social impacts and propose
enhancement and/or mitigation measures for significant environmental and social effects that are
likely to arise from the various activities of the fruit and vegetables farm project during pre-
The fundamental objectives of the paper is to review of environmental impact assessment report
document and ensure that the proposed fruit and vegetables production project is
environmentally sound and socially acceptable, and hence contributes to the development of
environmental economic and social functions of local communities.
The methodology of review document adopted for conducting the environmental impact
assessment study of Unifruit fruit and vegetables farm project follows the conventional
methods that meet the requirements of the Federal and Regional Environmental
Protection Organs’ Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines as well as International
Finance Corporation’s Performance on Social and Environmental Sustainability
Standards.
operational procedures, of the review report is interpret and communicate information about the :
environmental effects of a project is collected, both by the developer and from other sources, and
taken into account by the planning authority in forming their judgments on whether the
development should go ahead. Environmental impact assessment is the process of identifying,
predicting, evaluating, and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of
development proposals.”
The project is the fulfillment On the decision of screening processes to discussion with decision
making bodies, key stakeholders, sector institutions and area specialist experts were made on the
very concepts and nature of the proposed project and the importance of fruit and vegetables
cultivation, giving emphasis on levels of public participation, role of key stakeholders and joint
contributions of these actors to the success of the project. With the screening procedures consists
under taken:
The project carried out the scoping procedures.Which comprises following main objectives?
In order to carry out the above tasks, the Consultant employed different tools and techniques
relevant to the proposed project like using environmental scoping checklists, consultations with
different stakeholders (including experts, project affected communities, local administrators and
sector institutions, etc) and informal discussions and talks with prominent individuals, local
elders, women groups and general public in the project area.
The farming system is mixed farming system with special emphasis on crop production.
However, in the study area, agriculture is characterized by subsistence farming where farmers
employ traditional technologies of farming over centuries then the project is significance around
the living population.
The major social-economic impacts of the project are expected to Negative and positive emanate
from its overall objectives within pre-construction phase and construction phase souled be
conducted. Hence, the following are the main positive expected socio economic impacts of the
proposed project.
Creation of Job Opportunity
The construction phase of the project involves clearing, land leveling, and transportation of
construction materials, construction of access roads, and installation fruit and vegetables packing
facilities. Potential adverse impacts associated with these activities of the project are:
Land clearing and removal of the existing vegetation from fruit packaging facility and fruit and
vegetables development sites can be a cause for the alteration of landscape integrity, grasses,
perennial vegetation and change in land use pattern in the project area. In addition, some of the
acacia trees on about 600ha will be selectively removed for the farm.
Local land degradation due to earth moving operation during the site preparation and land
leveling is the main air quality concern of the project during the construction stage. As the
impact that can arise from the problem is localized, the contribution of the project construction to
air quality degradation is not significant. However, as the dust storm can have visibility impact
on site operation and decrease breathing because of the suspended particles in the air, the
problem is an important issue that requires consideration.
Removal of vegetation and cutting trees during land preparation for plantation, installation of
fruit and vegetables packaging facilities will affect the biodiversity of the area. Potential impacts
include those associated with the loss of flora and fauna communities, and increase in natural
instability of the communities.The project site is neither a recognized wildlife habitat nor an
important ecosystem of indigenous tree species; therefore, the construction phase has minimum
impact on flora and fauna.
Agrochemicals that may leach in from the farm fields are the main pollution sources that can
cause a likely significant impact on the ground water bodies found in the project area.
One of the impacts that can be anticipated to arise as a result of the activities of the present
development project is its impact on soil. The Fruit and vegetables production and processes will
not generate wastes that would affect the soil in the project area. Therefore, impact prediction
and analysis on soil will focus on the irrigation related activities of the proposed development
project.
Soil salinity
Soil salinity in any given irrigation scheme can arise from one or combination of the following
causes. The first cause that can bring about salinity in irrigated soils is associated with the quality
of the water used for the irrigation itself. Salts carried in the irrigation water are liable to build up
in the soil profile, as water is removed by plants and by the atmosphere at a much faster rate than
salts.
Water logging
Water logging is a phenomenon that lowers land productivity through the rise in groundwater
table close to the soil surface. Due to farm management and appropriate irrigation system, water
logging won’t cause a problem for Unifruit farm.
Soil erosion
Soil erosion is another impact that can arise from irrigation development projects. Because
irrigated land is wetter, it is less able to absorb rainfall and runoff will therefore be higher. Since
Unifruit’s irrigation system is computerized one, there will be effective water management in
The documentation of the project shows the family members will be affected as a result of the
project. There is no land to be inundated by reservoir as the project uses water from boreholes.
Hence no area will be lost for this purpose. However, there is huge land to be utilized for fruit
and vegetables farm. The total area of land under the boundary delineated for the project area is
about 1,000 hectares. Therefore, changing this area into an intensive agricultural land does not
affect the livestock production of the area.
The following are specifically mitigation measures for loss of grazing land due to land
acquisition for the project and infrastructure developments are:
Giving priority for the project affected people for job opportunities available in
the project; and
Implementing appropriate technical support package including training to ensure
that the affected people would adapt to the new farming system.
The project will assist in providing alternative to the livelihood of the affected
community by encouraging farmers to start cattle fattening activities using crop
by products for animal feed. In order to encourage the farmers the project
proponent will supply by products to the farmers.
4.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Removal of vegetation, landscape and land use
pattern alteration
The following mitigation measures are proposed to minimize and/or prevent the anticipated
impacts.
Maintaining some trees and shrubs while clearing lands for preparation of fruit and
vegetables production and restoration of trees and shrubs in a designated area and
other degraded areas outside the farm in collaboration with the local community
Soil removed from the construction site will be distributed over the farm land and
Creating awareness on the value of conserving biodiversity in general. In this regard,
training will be conducted for workers prior to commencement of construction
activities.
To avoid any adverse consequence of visibility loss due to dust creation during operation,
the practical option is to sprinkle water on fresh construction spoil, in line with EHS and
OHS guidelines, applicable for project staff and contractors.
Based on the document the review document should be the following measures are conducted.
Limit clearing and soil disturbance in the sites in such a way that acacia trees are
maintained.
Limit and control movement of trucks and construction machineries during
construction in a manner that trucks will not damage vegetation.
Record the type and number of trees and shrubs cut in order to replace after
construction is completed
Create an awareness for the local people and workers in every opportunity about the
importance of vegetation cover for soil and water conservation
To review in order to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of the various wastes
generated, Unifruit will introduce and implement both preventive and curative mitigation
measures that are implemented at different levels during the design and operational phases of the
farm. The aim of the preventive mitigation measures is generally to minimize the generation of
wastes at source and it will be implemented during the production operation phases:-
The mitigation measures for the sound management of these organic solid wastes will involve its
beneficial application to the soil in the fruit and vegetables farms.
The households will be relocated by the district administration and appropriate land will be
given to them to mitigate the impact occurred.
Mitigation Measures for Loss of land under various uses
The mitigation measures for loss of grazing land due to land acquisition and infrastructure
development should conduct:
Giving priority for the project affected people for job opportunities available in the
project;
Implementing appropriate technical support package including training and.
The project will assist in providing alternative to the livelihood of the affected
community by encouraging farmers to start cattle fattening activities using crop by
products for animal feed.
The impact assessment project conducted to addressed arise from materials (including chemical,
physical and biological substances and agents), environmental or working conditions, or work
processes (including tools, machinery and equipment). But there is the limitation to mitigate each
hazardous materials how to measure.
4.4 Mitigation measure for Pollution from Solid and Liquid waste from
packaging plant
Wastewater expected to be generated by the fruit packing plant will be relatively small in
amount. This waste water will be dispersed back in the farm land. The sound handling and
Unless the mitigation and benefit enhancement measures identified in the EIA are fully
implemented, the prime function of EIA, which is to provide a basis for shaping the project so
that overall environmental performance is enhanced, cannot be achieved.
During construction phase of the project, environmental management plan should take into
account the following recommendations:
Top soil removed during building construction will be spread over the farm land.
Creating awareness on the value of conserving biodiversity in general and plant
species in particular among the workers engaged on the construction activity,
Proper handling wastes generated from construction sites, .
appropriate procedures
Mitigation All phases of the project are For public sector proposals, alternative means of B
considered e.g. pre- achieving project goals are considered (e.g.
construction, construction, energy efficiency investments versus dams for
operation and energy supply). If not, the report discusses why
decommissioning. this was not done.
Decisionmakin To concern EIA legislation, The limitation which is the balancing of B
g procedure, guidelines, the economic, social and environmental factors.
effectiveness, EIA practice and Lack of consider which EIA is identified as a key
the limitations on EIA instrument to integrate environmental and social
information. considerations into development decision-making
Environmental Under this section, the way To indicate which Important design features B
management specific mitigation and were, especially those for environmental planning
According to the Environment, Forest and Climate Change Commition environmental impact
assessment consists of the Legal framework, public involvement, stakeholder participation and
EIA practitioners are involving.
The project covers the policy, legislative and institutional issues that are most relevant to
agricultural projects in general and the fruit and vegetables project in particular. Therefore; the
following international conventions and protocols are relevant to the proposed fruit and
This Proclamation (No 299/2002) aims primarily at making the EIA mandatory for categories of
projects specified under a directive issued by the EPA. The proponent of the project must prepare
the EIA following the format specified in the legislation. The Proclamation requires, among
other things:
Impact study report accompanied by the necessary documents to the EPA or the relevant
regional environmental agency.
Proclamation No. 300/2002 on Environmental Pollution Control primarily aims to ensure the
right of citizens to a healthy environment and to impose obligations to protect the environment of
the country. The law addresses the management of hazardous waste; establishment of
environmental quality standards for air, water and soil; and monitoring of pollution. The problem
of improper handling of hazardous substances related to activities such as pest management and
industrial development are becoming a serious environmental concern.
8.1 Conclusion
The 1995 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia provides a strong
constitutional foundation for the introduction and effective implementation of the EIA system. It
stipulates that development programs and projects in the country should not be conducted in a
way that causes damage to the environment. Some of the gaps and challenges are as follows:
There is a gross lack of awareness and widespread misconceptions about EIA in Ethiopia.
This is not only related to the general public but also to some of the main actors in the
EIA process. Some even consider it as obstacle to development activities.
EIA needs an extensive human and resource capacity, which is lacking in the major
implementing organs of the EIA system.
The EIA Proclamation is a framework law that needs specific regulations, directives or
guidelines. Legally speaking, there are no regulations or other specific rules to support
the implementation of the EIA Proclamation.
Generally, the project will have a positive impact on the environment, although there are some
temporary adverse impacts during construction and operation phases could occur. On balance,
the project has overall beneficial effects. To properly manage those environmental impacts and
to tackle unforeseen situations that could occur during the project lifecycle, the company shall
develop a comprehensive environmental monitoring program and work on proposed mitigation
measures so that, The following recommendations are forwarded to improve the low level
implementation of the EIA process on the document:
As the knowledge level on EIA is very low in the country, efforts must be made to
enhance awareness.
The government, as the main stakeholder of the EIA process, must take the guiding role
in augmenting the human, financial, infrastructure and other capacities of EPA and the
Regional environmental agencies and sectoral offices. In this regard, guidelines which
provide for the registration, accreditation and licensing of consultants who prepare the
EISR must be prepared and approved by the Environmental Council.
To assess characterizations of impact significance:-
Reversibility/irreversibility