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Digital Image Processing

Assignment- Week 2
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 2 = 20

QUESTION 1:

A signal has a bandwidth of 4 KHz. If every sample is digitized using 16 bits and the digital speech
is to be transmitted over a communication channel, what is the minimum bandwidth requirement of
the channel?

a) 16 Kbps
b) 32 Kbps
c) 64 Kbps
d) 128 Kbps

Correct Answer: d. 128Kbps

Detailed Solution:

First we need to convert continuous signal into discrete signal by the process of sampling and then
digitize using digital bits.

For minimum bandwidth we sample at Nyquist rate.

Therefore, minimum bandwidth will be 2 x 4 x 16=128Kbps.

Hence option d is correct.

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QUESTION 2:

100 150 70 50 50 25
Consider the following two images f1 = ( 50 55 175) and f2 = (45 55 50).
200 50 150 50 50 75
The addition and subtraction of images are given by f1 + f2 and f1 − f2 . Assume both the images
are of the 8-bit integer type.
51 153 132 −49 −147 −118
a. f1 + f2 = ( 50 70 230) and f1 − f2 = (−40 −40 20 )
255 100 225 0 0 75

51 153 132 0 0 0
b. f1 + f2 = ( 50 70 255) and f1 − f2 = (0 0 20)
255 100 225 0 0 75

150 200 95 50 100 45

c. f1 + f2 = ( 95 110 225 ) and f1 − f2 = ( 5 0 125 )
250 100 225 150 0 75

51 153 132 0 0 0
d. f1 + f2 = ( 50 70 230) and f1 − f2 = (0 0 20)
255 100 225 0 0 75

150 200 95 50 100 45

Correct Answer: c. f1 + f2 = ( 95 110 225) and f1 − f2 = ( 5 0 125 )
250 100 225 150 0 75

Detailed Solution:

As we performing simple pixel to pixel addition and subtraction therefore,

150 200 95 50 100 45

f1 + f2 = ( 95 110 225) And f1 − f2 = ( 5 0 125). Hence option c is correct.
250 100 225 150 0 75
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QUESTION 3:

In the following 3x3 image I(x, y), which of the option is true?

a) I(1, 1) and I(0, 1) are m-connected

b) I(1, 1) and I(0, 1) are 8-connected
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

Correct Answer: b.

Detailed Solution:

There exist a 4-connectivity between I(1, 1) and I(0, 1) and therefore these two are not m-
connected. But from definition of 8-connectivity, I(1, 1) and I(0, 1) are 8-connected.

Hence option b is correct.

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QUESTION 4:

Find the value of logical operation OR for the binary images A and B (A OR B). Assume 1 to be
foreground and 0 to be background pixels.

Image-A Image-B

Correct Answer: C.
Detailed Solution:

Following the truth table for OR operation

XYZ
-------
000
011
101
111
-------

OR between and is

Hence option c is correct.

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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 5:

Compute the Euclidean Distance (D1), City-block Distance (D2) and Chessboard distance (D3) for
points p and q, where p and q be (1, 2, 3) and (1, 5, 7) respectively. Give answer in the form (D 1,
D2, D3).

a) (5, 3, 4)
b) (5, 4, 3)
c) (7, 5, 4)
d) (5, 7, 4)

Correct Answer: d. (5, 7, 4)

Detailed Solution:

Euclidean distance (D1) =√(𝑥 − 𝑢)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑣)2 + (𝑧 − 𝑤)2 =5

City block distance (D2) =|x-u|+|y-v| +|z-w|=7

Chessboard distance (D3) =max (|x-s|, |y-t|, |z-w|) = 4

Hence option d is correct.

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QUESTION 6:

Consider an 3-D point [5 5 5]T. Perform a scaling operation (S) in both x-axis and y-axis by 5 units.

a) [10, 10, 1]T

b) [10, 10, 10]T
c) [25, 25, 5]T
d) None of the above

Correct Answer: c. [25, 25, 5]T

Detailed Solution:

For this we can use scaling

matrix in homogenous

system

 X  5 0 0 0 5
 Y   0 5 0 0 5
 
 Z   0 0 1 0 5
    
 1  0 0 0 1 1 .
On solving we get,

X   25 , Y   25 and Z   5 .

Hence option c is correct.

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QUESTION 7:

The output of an image sensor takes values between 0.0 and 20.0. If it is quantized by a uniform
quantizer with 256 levels, what will be the transition ( t k ) and reconstruction level ( rk )?

10(k  1) 5
a) t k  , k  1,2,3,....,257; rk  t k  , k  1,2,3,....,256
256 256

10(k  1) 10
b) t k  , k  1,2,3,....,257; rk  t k  , k  1,2,3,....,256
256 256

10(k ) 5
c) t k  , k  1,2,3,....,257; rk  t k  , k  1,2,3,....,256
256 256

20(k  1) 10
d) t k  , k  1,2,3,....,257; rk  t k  , k  1,2,3,....,256
256 256

20(k  1) 10
Correct Answer: d. t k  , k  1,2,3,....,257; rk  t k  , k  1,2,3,....,256 .
256 256

Detailed Solution:

20
Using the uniform quantizer design, q  , then the transition and reconstruction levels can be
256
defined as
20(k  1) q 10
. t k  t k 1  q  , k  1,2,3,....,257; rk  t k   t k  , k  1,2,3,....,256
256 2 256
Hence option d is correct.
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QUESTION 8:

Consider an image point [1,1]T in a continuous image. Rotation of the image point around the
origin by 45 o in anticlockwise direction around origin is given by :
a) [0, √2]T
b) [0, 2]T
c) [1, 2√2]T
d) [1, √2]T

Correct Answer: a. [0, √2]T

Detailed Solution:

Rotation matrix in homogenous coordinate system for anticlockwise direction is given as

cosθ  sinθ 0
R(θ)   sin θ cosθ 0
 0 0 1
.
 x  cos45  sin45 0 1
0 0

 y   sin45 0 cos450 0 1

    
 1   0 0 1 1
.

On solving this equation, we get x  0 and y  2 .

Hence option a is correct.

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QUESTION 9:

5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5
 
Find the 2D convolution of the given matrices using zero padding. Input =  5 5 5 5 5 
 
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
 1  2  1
and kernel =  0 0 0  . (Discard padded positions so that final answer will be a 5x5 matrix)
 1 2 1 

 15  20  20  20  15
 0 0 0 0 0 

a)  15  20  20  20  15
 
 15  20  20  20  15
 30 40 40 40 30 

 15 20 20 20 15 
 0 0 0 0 0 

b)  15  20  20  20  15
 
 15  20  20  20  15
 30 40 40 40 30 

  15  20  20  20  15 
 0 0 0 0 0 

c)  15 20 20 20 15 
 
 15 20 20 20 15 
 30  40  40  40  30
   15  20  20  20  15 
 0 0 0 0 0 

d)   15  20  20  20  15 
 
  15  20  20  20  15 
 30  40  40  40  30

 15  20  20  20  15
 0 0 0 0 0 

Correct Answer: a.  15  20  20  20  15
 
 15  20  20  20  15
 30 40 40 40 30 

Detailed Solution:

For convolution, we have to do either time reversal of input image or the kernel. Let’s perform time
reversal of kernel and move the kernel on the input image.

5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5
  1 2 1
Input image, I =  5 5 5 5 5  and time reversed kernel= 0 0 0 
  
10 10 10 10 10  1  2  1
10 10 10 10 10

I(0,0) = 0x1 + 0x2 + 0x1 + 0x0 + 5x0 + 5x0 + 0x(-1) + 5x(-2) + 5x(-1) = -15

I(0,1) = 0x1 + 0x2 + 0x1 + 5x0 + 5x0 + 5x0 + 5x(-1) + 5x(-2) + 5x(-1) = -20

In this we move the time reversed kernel over the image I and finally obtain the convolved image
as

 15  20  20  20  15
 0 0 0 0 0 

 15  20  20  20  15
 
 15  20  20  20  15
 30 40 40 40 30 

Hence option a is correct.

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QUESTION 10:

For a B-bit uniform optimal qauntizer which of the following relation is true for signal to noise
ratio (SNR)?
a) SNR  10 log 10 2 2 B
b) SNR  10 log 10 2 B
c) SNR  10 log 10 2  B
d) SNR  10 log 10 2 2 B

Correct Answer: d.

Detailed Solution:

A2
The variance,  of a uniform random variable, whose range is A, is given by
2
u . Also for a
12
uniform quantizer with B bits, where every level has to be represented by B bits, we will have
A q2  u2
q  B . The MSE error due to quantization is given by   . SNR is nothing but . On
2 12 
simplification we have SNR  10 log 10 2 2 B .