SURFACE CHEMISTRY JEE ADVANCED - VOL - VI

SURFACE CHEMISTRY
SYNOPSIS solid surface. It may be noted that the adsorption
chromatography is based upon this principle of
adsorption.
 ADSORPTION:
Determination of surface area of adsorbent:
 Adsorption from Solution:
 If V litre of gas is adsorbed at temperature T
Apart from adsorption of the gases, solids have
and Pressure P then the number of gas
also the capacity to adsorb substances present
in solutions. For example, if we place a piece PVN A
molecules adsorbed =
of charcoal in a litmus solution taken in a test RT
tube and shake, the solution becomes colourless.  surface area of adsorbent = number of molecules
It is because of adsorption of the litmus which x Area of cross section of molecule(  r 2 )
is in fact a dye, by the charcoal. Similarly, animal  Applications of adsorption:
charcoal decolorizes impure sugar solution by 1. In dyeing of cloth: Mordants such as alums
adsorbing colouring dye. The actual mechanism are used in dying of cloth. They adsorb the dye
of adsorption from the solution is not definite. particles which, otherwise, do not stick to the
However, it is believed that it continues till a cloth.
unimolecular layer is built up on the surface of 2. In ion-exchange resins: The organic polymer
the adsorbent. The Freundlich dsorption containing groups like –COOH, –SO3H, –NH2
isotherm as well as Langmuir etc., possess the property of selective adsorption
adsorption isotherm are applicable to the of ions from solutions. These are quite useful in
adsorption from the solutions in the same way the softening of water and also in the separation
as from the gases. The effect of temperature of the elements of the Lanthanide series (also
is also similar. However, equilibrium called rare earths).
concentration (C) is used in place of 3. Softening of hard water:The hard water is
equilibrium pressure and the mathematical made to pass through a column packed with
expressions for the two types of isotherms are: zeolite. Ca 2 , Mg 2 ions which are responsible
x for hardness get adsorbed on zeolite
 k  C1/ n (Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm)
m 4. Surfactants: Surfactants will act as emulsifier
x aC (which work on the principle of adsorption) in
or  (Langmuir Adsorption the manufacture of emulsions
m 1  bC
 Colloids:
Isotherm) Coagulation of lyophobic sol:
Competing Adsorption: Following are some general methods used for
When more than one type of the adsorbate coagulation of sols.
species are in contact with a particular a) General methods:
adsorbent, there is a competition between their 1. By heating: Coagulation of butter
molecules or particles to be adsorbed on the 2. By cooling: Coagulation of milk, fat floats
solid surface. This depends upon their nature. over
However, the one which can form stronger 3. By exposure to light
bonds is adsorbed more in preference to the 4. By mechanical agitation
other. This is known as competing adsorption 5. By persistent dialysis
and it also happens in the reverse process also b) Mutual coagulation: A deep red +ve sol of
i.e. desorption. In this case, the species which Fe(OH)3, on mixing with bright yellow –ve sol
is weakly adsorbed are dislodged first from the of As2S3 shows mutual coagulation of both leading
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to a colourless solution with precipitate settled  Anionic surfactants: Substances giving anion
down due to neutralization of charges by each which acts as surfactant
other.
The coagulation of sols by electrolytes has been Ex: 1.Sodium palmitate [C15 H 31COONa ]
dealt in terms of Hardy-Schulze rule. According 2.Sodium oleate [C17 H 35COONa]
to this rule:
 Non ionogenic Surfactants: Substances not
 One of the ions furnished by an electrolyte,
Ionisable in aqueous medium but have
carrying charge opposite to that of sol particles
hydrophobic and hydrophillic end.
is responsible for coagulation of sols and is known
Micelle or Associated colloid:
as effective ion or counter ion.
 The greater is the valency of the counter-ions,  The minimum concentration of surfactant at which
the greater will be its coagulating power. For micelle formation starts is Critical Micelle
example, in coagulating, a negatively charged sol Concentration (CMC)
(e.g., As2S3 sol) the order of efficiency of  The formation of micelle takes place above a
coagulating ions will be Ti4+ > Fe3+ > Ca2+ > particular temparature called K raft
Na+. Similarly, for a positively charged sol say temperature ( Tk )
Fe(OH)3 sol, the order will be [Fe(CN)6]4– >  Lesser the CMC of surfactant, more is its surface
[Fe(CN)6]3– > SO42– > Cl–. activity
 More is the coagulating power, lesser is
 After CMC, the rate of increase of conductivity
coagulation or flocculation value (i.e., the
is slower than the rate at which
minimum amount of electrolyte required to
it increases bellow CMC.
coagulate a definite amount of (sol). Usually, the
flocculating value of these ions are quantitatively  After CMC the rate of increase of turbidity with
concentration becomes more than at CMC
1  After CMC the colligative properties such as
described as where x is the valency of the
(x)6 osmotic pressure shows a slow rate of increase
coagulating ion. For example, for mono-, di-, tri- than the rate at which they increase below CMC
and tetravalent ions, the ratio in the flocculation  The surface tension of solution shows a sharp
value will be decrease after CMC
1 1 1 1  Process of micellisation is exothermic, but
6
: 6
: 6
: 6
or CMC decreases or increases with Temperature
1  2   3  4 
1.00 :1.56 : 0.137 : 0.025 LEVEL-V
 Surfactants:
These are the substances which are preferentially SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
adsorbed at the interfaces like oil -water , air-
water etc. and Surfactants are responsible for 1. Cottrell precipitator acts on which of the
micellisation. following principle
Types of surfactants:
A) Hardy-Schulze rule
 cationic surfactants: substances on ionisation
B) Distribution law
giving a cation with hydrophilic & hydrophobic
C) Le-chatlier Principle
group.
Ex: 1. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride D) Neutralization of charge on the colloidal
particles
[ C16 H 33 (CH 3 )3 N  Cl  ] 2. Gold number is associated with
2. Octa decyl ammonium chloride A) Electrophoresis B) Purple of cassius
[C18 H 37 NH 3 Cl  ]
 C) Protective colloid D) Amt of pure gold

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3. The no.of moles of lead nitrate needed to 10. In which of the following conditions, on
coagulate 2 moles of colloidal (AgI) is adding AgNO3 solution to KI solution, a
A) 2 B) 1 C) 1/2 D)2/3 negatively charged colloidal sol will be
formed ?
4. Lyophilic sols are (IIT 2008)
A.100mL of 0.1 M AgNO3 +100mL of 0.1M KI
A) Irreversible sols
B.100 mL of 0.1 M AgNO3 +50 mL of 0.2 M KI
B) Prepared from inorganic compounds
C) Coagulated by adding elctrolytes C.100mLof 0.2 M AgNO3 +100 mL of 0.1M KI
D) Self-Stabilising D.100mL of 0.1 M AgNO3 +100mL of 0.15M KI
5. Emulsions of polyvinyl acetate are used in 11. Which of the following is true in respect of
adsorption ?
A) Medicines B) Latex paints
C) fire works D) rayonEL-I A) G  0; S  0; H  0
6. The blue colour of the water of the sea is B) G  0; S  0; H  0
due to
C) G  0; S  0; H  0
A) reflection of blue light by salt present in water
B) scattering of blue light by sol particles D) G  0; S  0; H  0
C) refraction of of blue coloured light by 12. Among the following, the surfactant that will
the impurties present in sea water form micelles in aqueous solution at the
D) absorption of radiation of different colours lowest molar concetration at ambient
except blue light conditions, is (IIT 2010)

x A) CH 3 (CH 2 )15 N  Br 
7. Graph between log and log P is a straight
m
B) CH 3 (CH 2 )11 OSO3 Na 
line inclined at an angle  = 45°. When
pressure of 0.5 atm and log k = 0.699, the C) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 COO  Na 
amount of solute adsorbed per g of D) CH 3 (CH 2 )11 N  (CH 3 )3 Br 
adsorbent will be
A) 1 g/g adsorbent B) 1.5 g/g adsorbent 13. Cleaning action of soap occurs because
C) 2.5 g/g adsorbent D) 0.25 g/g adsorbent A) non-polar tails of soap molecules dissolve in
grease
8. 3.6 gram of oxygen is adsorbed on 1.2 g of
metal powder. What volume of oxygen B) Oil and grease dissolve into hydrophilic
centres of soap micelles and washed away
adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent at STP
? C) Hydrophilic head dissolve in grease
A) 0.19 L B) 1 L D) Grease encapsulate by hydrophilic part
C) 2.1 L D) 3.1 L 14. Select incorrect statement
9. 100 ml of 0.6 M acetic acid is shaken with A) Gold sol is multimolecular colloid
2 g activated carbon. The final conc. of the B) Large number of atoms of a substance
solution after adsorption is 0.5 M. What is aggregate together and form multimolecular
the amount of acetic acid adsorbed per gram colloids
of carbon ? C) Metal sulphides are lyophobic colloids
A) 0.6 g B) 0.3 g C) 1.2 g D) 1.8 g D) Sulphur sol is multimolecular colloid and
hydrophilic in nature
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15. During electro-osmosis of Fe  OH 3 sol 19. Point out the true statement
A)Brownian motion and Tyndall effect are shown
A) Sol particles move towards anode
by colloidal systems
B) Sol particles move towards cathode
B) The colloidal solution of a liquid in liquid is
of a sol. called emulsion
D) Higher is the gold number, greater will be the
C) Hardy-Schulze law is related with coagulation
protective power of a lyophilic colloid
20. A poisonous gas is adsorbed at activated
C) The dispersion medium moves towards anode
charcoal. Which among the following is true:
D) The dispersion medium moves towards
cathode A) Activated charcoal is absorber
B) Activated charcoal is adsorbate
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS C) Activated charcoal has a porus surface
D) Activated charcoal is adsorbent
16. The correct statements(s) pertaining to the 21. Which of the following is the application of
adsorption of a gas on a solid surface is (are) adsorption?
(IIT 2012)
A) Deionization of water
A) Adsorption is always exothermic
B) Physisorption may transform into B) Gas masks
chemisorption at high temperature C) Hygroscopic nature of CaCl2
C) Physisorption increases with increasing D) Heterogeneous catalysis
temperature but chemisorption decreases 22. Isoelectric point is the P H at which colloidal
with increasing temperature.
particles
D) Chemisorption is more exothermic than
physisorption, however it is very slow due A) Coagulate
to higher energy of activation B) become electrically neutral
17. Select the correct statement (s) : C) cannot move toward either electrode
A)Physisorption is favoured by low D) moves faster towards opposite electrodes
temperature 23. Crystalloid and colloid differ with respect to
B) Chemisorption is favoured by very high
A) Tyndall effect
temperature because the process is endothermic
B) Particle size
C) Chemisorption increases with increase in
temperature owing to high activation energy C) Diffusion through animal or vegetable
D) Oxygen adsorbed by charcoal can be membrane
desorbed by lowering pressure and temperature. D) No.of particles per unit volume of solution
18. ‘X’ is the amount of a gas adsorbed by a 24. Tyndall effect is applicable when
fixed amount of a solid. If monolayer A) the diameter of the dispersed particles is not
adsorption is supposed to occur, then which
much smaller than the wavelength of the light
of the following statements is correct?
used
A) At low pressures, x increases more than
proportionately to the gas pressure B) the diameter of the dispersed particles is much
B) At low pressure, x increases proportionately smaller than the wavelength of the light used
to gas pressure C) the refractive indices of the dispersed phase
C) At moderate pressures, x increases less than and the dispersion medium must be same
proportionately to gas pressure D) the refractive indices of the dispersed phase
D) At high pressures, x becomes independent and the dispersion medium must differ greatly in
of gas pressure.
magnitude
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25. Colloidal gold can be prepared by 30. Match the Column - I with Column – II
A) Bredig’s arc method
B) reduction of AuCl3 Column – I Column – II
C) hydrolysis D. peptization (A) Dispersion of (p) Macrom olecular
26. Emulsion can be destroyed by Al(OH) 3 by sm all colloid
quantity of AlCl 3
A) the addition of an emulsifier
(B) Addition of large (q) Selective
B) electrophoresis with a high potential quantity of AlCl 3 adsorption
C) freezing D) all of these in (A)
27. Select the correct statement(s) (C) Solution of (r) Coagulation
A) Brownian motion and Tyndall effect are haemoglobin in
shown by true solutions water
B) Sorption process is combinations of (D) Chromatographic (s) Peptisation
adsorption and absorption process separation of
C) Hardy-Schulze law is related with coagulation components of a
of a sol solution
D) Higher is the gold number lesser will be the (t) Desorption
protective power of a lyophilic colloid
31. Match the Column-I with Column-II
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE Column-I Column-II
28. Match of the Following A) As2 S3 sol P)Lyophobic colloid
Match the Column-1 (Colloidal disperssion) with B) Sulphur sol Q) Macromolecular
Column-2 (Nature of the dispersion) and select colloid
the correct answer using the codes given below C) Starch R)Multimolecular colloid
the columns D) Soap S)Associated colloid
Column-1 Column-2
(Colloidal (components of colloidal
solution)
disperssion) INTEGER TYPE TYPE QUESTIONS
A. Milk P. D.M is liquid
B. Clouds Q.D.M is gas 32. The coagulation of 100 ml of colloidal sol of
C. Paints R.D.M is solid gold is completely prevented by addtion of
D. Jellies S. D.P is liquid 0.05 gr of a substance ‘V’ to it before
T. D.P is solid addition of 1 ml of 10% NaCl solution. The
29. Match the Column-I with Column-II gold number of “V” is
Column-I
(A) Chemisorption 33. The surface area of cube of edge length 1
B) Physisorption cm increases by 10 x times if it is broken
(C) Desorption of a solute from liquid
(D) Adsorption of a solute on a liquid into cube of edge length 1 103 cm. What
Column-II is the value of x ?
(p) Not very specific and decreases with 34. 1 g of activated charcoal has a surface area
temperature
(q) Specific and increases with temperature 103 m 2 . If complete monolayer coverage is
(r) Increases the surface tension of the liquid assumed and effective surface area of NH 3
surface
(s) Decreases the surface tension of the liquid molecule is 0.139nm 2 , If number of moles
surface
(t) Adsorption is due to stronger interaction or of NH 3 that could be adsorbed on 25 g of
bond formation charcoal is x  101 , what is the value of x?

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35. 20% surface sites have absorbed N 2 . On 39. Micelles are formed only
A) below the CMC and the Kraft temprature
heating N 2 gas is evolved from sites and
B) above the CMC and below the Kraft
were collected at 0.001 atm and 298 K in a temperature
container of volume 2.46cm3 . Density of C) above the CMC and above the Kraft
surface sites is 6.023  1014 cm 2 and temperature
D) below the CMC and above the Kraft
surface area is 1000cm 2 . Find out the
temperature
number of surface sites occupied per 40. Above CMC, the surfactant molecules
molecule of N 2 . [IIT 2005] undergo
36. 1 g of charcoal adsorbs 100 ml. of A) association B) aggregation
0.5MCH 3COOH to form a monolayer and C) micelle formation D)all of these
41. Micelles are formed in
thereby the molarityof CH 3COOH A) washing clothes with detergents
reduces to 0.49. The surface area of charcoal B) magnetic separation
adsorbed by each molecule of acetic acid is C) delta formation D) all of these
x  1019 m 2 . Then the value of x is Passage-2: If accumulation of gas on the surface of a
solid occurs on account of weak Vander Waals
(Surface area of charcoal
forces, the adsorption is termed as physical
 3.01 102 m2 / g ) [IIT 2003] adsorption or physisorption. When the gas
molecules or atoms are held to the solid surface
COMPREHENSIONS TYPE QUESTIONS by chemical bonds, the adsorption is termed
chemical adsorption or chemisorption. The
Passage-1: There are certain substances which behave chemical bonds may be covalent or ionic in nature.
as normal, strong elect rolytes at low Chemisorption has a rather high energy of
concentration but at higher concentration they activation and is therefore often referred to as
behave as colloidal solutions due to the formation activated adsorption.
of aggregated particles. Such colloids are called 42. Which among the following is true?
associated colloids and the aggregated particles (A)Physical adsorption is high at high
are called micelles. Soaps and detergents are the temperatures while chemisorption is high at lower
examples of associated colloids. The formation temperatures.
of micelles takes place above certain (B) Chemical bonding occurs in chemisorption
concentration called critical micellization (C) The adsorption of a gas decreases with
concentration (CMC) and a characteristic increase of pressure on a solid surface.
temperature. Answer the following questions (D) In physical adsorption, the molecules of
37. Micelles are adsorbate are held by chemical forces
A) emulsions cum gelsB) associated colloids A) B B) A, B
C) adsorbed catalysts D) ideal solutions C) A D) B, C
38. What type of molecules form micelles 43. Physical adsorption is appreciable at:
A) Non-polar molecules A) Higher temperature
B) Polar molecules B) Lower temperature
C) Surfactant molecules C) Room temperature
D) Salt of weak acid and weak base D) 100°C

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44. The rate of physisorption : Paragraph -2
A) Decreases with increase of pressure The minimum concentration of the electro-
B) is independent of pressure lyte in millimoles per litre of the solution ,
C) is maximum at one atmospheric pressure required to cause coagulation of a particu-
D) Increases with increase of pressure lar sol is called coagulation value or floccu-
45. Which of the following is not a characteristic lation value of the electrolyte for the sol.
of chemisorption? The ions car rying opposite charge to that
A) Adsorption is irreversible of sol particle are effective in causing co-
B) H is of the order of 400 kJ agulation of the sol. Coagulating power of
C) Adsorption is specific an electrolyte is directly proportional to the
D) Adsorption increases with increase of surface valency of the active ions i.e.., ions causing
area coagulation. Coagulation. Coagulation or
46. Which one of the following is the correct flocculation is the precipitations of a colloid
statement? through induced aggregrate of its particle.
A) Chemisorption is reversible in nature There are several methods for coagula-
B) Chemisorption is high at low pressure tion of colloidal solution of its particle. There
C) Chemisorption depends on the nature of gas are several methods for coagulation of col
D) Chemisorption does not involve activation
loidal solution like by repeated dialysis , by
energy
adding electrolyte , by electrophoresis ,etc.
(P) Paragraph-1:-
Answer the following question :
The charge on colloidal particle is due to the selective
50. Which of the following will have highest
adsorption of ions present in the dispersion medium.
The adsorbed ion on the colloidal particles is coagulating power for As2 S3 colloid ?
responsible for the development of electric charge.
A) Al 3 B) Na  C) SO42  D) PO43
For example, the selective adsorption of H  ions
51. In the coagulation of positive sol , the
lead to the development of positive charge on the
colloidal particles and the selective adsorption of flocculation power of
4
OH  ions lead to the development of negative Cl  , SO42 , PO43 ,  Fe  CN  6  are in the
charge on the colloidal particles.
order of :
47) A colloidal solution of ferric hydroxide
4
sol is prepared by the hydrolysis of A) Cl   SO42   PO43   Fe  CN 6 
FeCl3 . The colloidal particles of ferric
4
hydroxide are B)  Fe  CN  6   PO43  SO42   Cl 
a) Positively charged b) Negatively charged 4
c) Neutral d) Can not be predicted C) Cl   PO43  SO42   Fe  CN 6 
48) The colloidal solution of AgNO3 in AgI 4
can be represented as D) Cl   SO42    Fe  CN  6   PO43

a) AgI / Ag  , I  b) AgI / Ag  , NO3 52. Flocculating value of ions depends on :

A) The shape of flocculating ion
c) Ag  / NO3 , AgI d) AgNO3 / Ag  , I  B)The amount of flocculating ion
49) Which of the following ion forms primary C) Nature of the charge on the floculation
electrical double layer on the colloidal ion
particle of As2 S3 ? D)Both , the nature and magnitude of the
charge of the flocculating ion
a) As 3 b) S 2 c) H  D) OH 
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53. 1 mol of  AgI  Ag  can be coagulated by : 58. Statement-1: Gases are easily adsorbed on the
surface of metals especially transition metals.
A) 1 mol of AgNO3 Statement-2: Transition metals have free
B) 1/2 mol of AgNO3 valencies.

C)2/3 mol of AgNO3 LEVEL-V - KEY

D)None of these SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
1) D 2) C 3) B 4) D
ASSERTION AND REASONING 5) B 6) B 7) C 8) C
9) B 10) D 11) B 12) C
This section contains 4 questions numbered 1 to 13) A 14) D 15) C
4. Each question contains STATEMENT-1 MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
(Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason). 16) A,B,D 17) A,C 18) B,C,D
Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and 19) A,B,C 20) C,D 21) A,B,D
(D) out of which ONLY ONE is correct. 22) A,B,C 23)A,B,C,D 24) A,D
(A) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is True; 25) A,B 26)B,C 27)B,C,D
Statement – 2 is a correct explanation for MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
Statement – 1. 28) A-ps,B-qs,C-ps,D-rs
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement – 2 is True; 29) A-q,t, B-p, C-r, D-s,p
Statement – 2 is NOT a correct explanation for 30) A-q,s, B-r, C-p, D-q
Statement–1. 31) A-P, B-R,C-Q, D-S
(C) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is False. INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
(D) Statement – 1 is False, Statement – 2 is True. 32)5 33)3 34)3 35)2 36)5
54. Statement-1: For adsorption G , H , S all COMPREHENSIONS TYPE QUESTIONS
have – ve values. 37) B 38)C 39)C 40)D
Statement-2: Adsorption is a exothermic 41) A 42)A 43)B 44)D
process in which randomness decreases due to 45) B 46)C 47)A 48)A
force of attraction between adsorbent and 49) B 50) A 51) B 52) D 53) D
adsorbate. ASSERTION & REASONING TYPE
55. Statement-1: Colloidal AgI is prepared by 54) A 55) C 56) A 57) B
58) A
adding KI to AgNO3 solution, the sol particles
migrate towards cathode under electric field. LEVEL-V - HINTS
Statement-2: Colloidal particles adsorb ions and
thus becomes electrically neutral.
03. 2  AgI  I   pb 2  pbI 2  2 AgI
56. Statement-1: Smaller the flocculation value of an
electrolyte, greater is it’s coagulating power. Thus one mole pb  NO3  2 is required to
Statement-2: Greater the valency of the
oppositely charged ions of the electrolyte, more coagulate 2 moles of  AgI  I 
will be it’s coagulating power. 04. Lyophilic sols are self stabilising
57. Statement-1: Micelles are formed by surfactant 1
molecules above the critical micelle concentration 07. logk =0.699  K  5 ,slope = =tan 450  1
n
(CMC.)
Statement-2: The conductivity of a solution x 1
 5  0.5 
having surfactant molecules decrease sharply at m
the CMC. (IIT2008) 3.6
08. no2   0.112  on1.2 gmofmetal 
32
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0.112 25  103
 no adsorbed on 1gm metal =  0.094   1.84  1023
2 1.2 0.139  10 18

Volume of O2 adsorbed at
S.T.P=0.094x22.4=2.1 1.84  10 23
 Moles of NH 3   0.3
09. moles of CH 3COOH =0.1x0.6=0.06 6  10 23
Initial amount of 35. For absorbed N 2 on surface sites
CH 3COOH =0.06x60=3.6gms PN2  0.001atm,
Final moles of CH 3COOH =0.5x0.1=0.05gms V  2.46cm3  2.46  10 3 litre
Final amount of CH 3COOH =0.05x60=3gms T  298K
Amount of CH 3COOH adsorbed on 2 gms PV 0.001  2.46  103
charcoal=3.6-3=0.6gms  nN 2  
RT 0.0821 298
Amount of CH 3COOH adsorbed on 1 gms
 1.0  107
charcoal=0.3gms
Number of absorbed
10. KI has more concentration
32. Coagulation of 100ml of sol is prevented by 50mg N2 molecules 1.0107 6.0231023
of ‘V’. So coagulation of 10ml of sol is prevented
by 5mg of ‘V’.  6.023 1016
33. Surface area of cube (1) of edge length Total surface sites available = Number of sites
per cm 2  Area
1cm  6cm 2
 volume of cube [1]=1 cm3  6.023  1014  1000  6.023  1017
Surface area of cube (2) of edge length Surface sites on which N 2 is absorbed
1 103 cm  6  106 cm 2  20%  Available sites
 volume of cube [2]  109 cm3 20
  6.023  1017
No. of cubes of edge length 1 103 cm 100
formed from cube of edge length  12.046  1016
1  Numberof sites absorbed per molecule of
1cm  9
 109
10 12.046  1016
N2  2
 n  V cube2  Vcube1  6.023  1016
36. Millimole of acetic acid taken  100  0.5  50
 new surface area  6  106  109 Millimole of acetic acid left  100  0.49  49
 6  103 cm 2 Millimole of acetic acid adsorbed  50  49  1
Molecules of acetic acid adsorbed
 increase in surface area  103 cm 2
x  3  1  103  6.023  1023
34. Total surface area available for adsorption  6.023  1020
 25  103 m 2 Total area of 1 g charcoal covered by these
Effective surface area of one NH 3 molecule molecules  3.01  102 m 2

 0.139  1018 m 2 3.01  102

 Area covered by 1 molecule 
 No. of molecules of NH 3 adsorbed 6.023  10 20
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JEE ADVANCED
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unilayer adsorption  4.24 g of acid per litre. This solution on
pouring on water surface forms a
 5  10 19 m 2 monomolecular level of palmitic acid as
50. As2 S3 is negative colloid hence Al 3 benzene gets evaporated. If 500cm 2 area
will be most effective for its of water surface is to be covered by a
coagulation. monolayer, what volume of solution in
benzene is needed. Area covered by one
51. greater is the charge of ion, more
effective is the coagulation of molecule of palmitic acid is 0.21nm 2
oppositeley charged colloid. A) 2.4  105 lt B) 3.4  10 5 lt
53.  AgI  Ag  will not be coagulated by C) 4.4  105 lt D) 5.4  10 5 lt
the addition of Ag  or NO3 ions. 6. One gram of activated carbon has a surface
LEVEL-VI area of 1000m 2 . Considering complete
coverage as well as monomolecular
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS adsorption, how much ammonia at STP would
44
be adsorbed on the surface of g carbon
1. A detergent  C12 H 25 SO4 Na   solution 7
becomes a colloidal sol at a concentration if radius of a ammonia molecules is 108 cm
of 103 M . On an average 1013 colloidal
 N A  6  1023 
3
particles are present in 1mm . The average  
number of ions present in one colloidal A) 7.46 L B) 0.33 L C) 44.8 L D) 23.5 L
particle (micelle) is
07. A sample of 16 g charcoal was brought into
A) 50 B) 60 C) 40 D) 30
2. During micelle formation contact with a CH 4 gas contained in a
A) H   ve, s   ve B) H  ve, s  ve vessel of 1 litre at 27 0 C . The pressure of
C) H  ve, s  ve D) H   ve, s  ve gas was found to fall from 760 to 608 torr.
3. For the coagulation of 100 mL of arsenious The density of charcoal sample is
sulphide solution, 5mL of 1 M NaCl is
required. The coagulating power of NaCl 1.6 g / cm3 . What is the volume of the CH 4
A) 48.1 B) 38.1 C) 49.5 D) 47.6 gas adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent at
4. H 2 gas was adsorbed on 1 g powdered 608 torr and 27 0 C ?
copper surface forming monolayer of
molecules. On desorption total H 2 collected A) 125 mL/g B) 16.25 mL/g
3 C) 26 mL/g D) None of these
measured 1.36cm at STP. Assuming
8) In Browniam motion , the paths of the
volume of 1 molecule of H 2
particles are :
4.742  1023 cm3 , specific area of copper a) linear b) curved
powder is c) zig-zag d) uncertain
A) 5.8  104 cm 2 B) 6.8  104 cm2 9) Bredig’s arc method involves
a) dispersion of metal
C) 7.8  104 cm2 D) 8.8  104 cm 2 b) Condensation of metal
5. A solution of palmitic acid c) Dispersion as well as condensation
 M  256 g.mol  1
in benzene contains d) Neither dispersion nor consensation

193
 SURFACE CHEMISTRY JEE ADVANCED - VOL - VI
10. Adsorption also takes place in the solution
When solid surface is saturated by adsorp-

x x
tion , then variation of   and concen log  
m
D) m
tration ( C) is given by which of the
followingb portion ?
log P

12. At very high pressure the langmuir

. . A
B
.C
adsorption isotherm takes the form of

a)

x
x
m
 kp

1 x
b)
x a

m b

c)  d)  p
m 1  ap m
13. Based on Langmuir adsorption isotherm,
A) OA B) AB C) OB D) BC the intercept in the graph of  m / x  vs
x 1/P , is equal to
11. By ploting log   on Y-axis and log P on
m 1 b a 1
a) b) c) d)
X-axis , we get : a a b slope

MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS

x 14. During electro osmosis of Fe  OH 3 sol

log  
A) m a) Sol particles move towards anode
b) Sol particles move towards cathode
log P c) the dispersion medium moves towards
anode
d) the sol particles do not move in either
direction.
15. Zeta potential or Electro kinetic potential
x is dependent on
log  
m a) Viscosity b) Dielectric constant
B)
c) Velocity of the colloidal particles when an
electrical field is applied
log P d) Nernst potential
16. Coagulatin or demulsification can be
done by which of the methods given
below.
a) By addition of a substance which would
x
log   destory the emulsifer
C) m b) By addition of an electrolyte which would
destory the charge
log P c) By heating, freezing and centrifuging
d) By electro phoresis
194
JEE ADVANCED
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COMPREHEMSION TYPE QUSETIONS 20. Which of the following is usually added

to stabilise the O / W type emulsion ?
Paragraph -1 a) Gold sol b) Detergent solution
Emulsions are normaly prepared by shaking c) Alum d) Al2 S3 sol
the two components together vigorously
although some kind of emulsifying has to Paragraph-2
added to stabilize the product. This emulsify- There are certain substances which behave
ing agent may be a soap or other surfactant as normal, strong electrolytes at low
(surface active) species or a lyophilc. sol that concentration but at higher concentration they
forms a protective film around the disperses
behave as colloidal solutions due to the
phase.Emulsions broadly classified into two
types: formation of aggregated particles. Such
(i) Oil water emulsion (O/W) : Oil acts as colloids are called associated colloids and the
dispersed phase and water acts as dispersion aggregated particles are called icells.Soaps
medium. and detergents are the example of associatae
( ii ) Water oil emulsion (W/O) : Water acts colloids. The formation of micelles takes
as dispersed phase and oil acts as dispersion place above certain concentration called
medium. Dye test , dilution test may be
micekkization concetration (CMS) and a
employed for identification of emulsions.
Answer the following question : characteristic temperature.
17. Read two statements: Answer the following questions:
1) Milk is an example of oil in water 21. Micelles are :
(O/W) type emulsion A) Emulsions cum gels
2)Cold cream is an example of water in B)Associated colloids
oil
C)Adsorbed catalysts
(W/O) type emulsion
a) Only statement 1 is correct D) Ideal solutions
b) Only statement 2 is correct 22. What type of molecules form micelles ?
c) Both are correct A)Non-polar moleculesB) Polar molecules
d) None of these C) Surfactant molecules
18. Select correct statement: D)Salt of weak acid and weak base
a) Water in oil emulsion are more viscous
23. Micelles are formed only :
than the aqueous emulsions
b) Electrical conductance of aqueous A)Below the CMC and the Kraft
emulsions is less than that of oil emulsions. temperature
c) Deemulsification can be done by soap or B)Above the CMC and below the Kraft
detergent. temperature
d) An emulsion can be diluted with H 2 O C)Above the CMC and above the Kraft
then it is oil in water (W / O) type temperature
19. When a water soluble dye is added to a D)Below the CMC and above the Kraft
given emulsion , coloured droplets are temperature
observed then, 24. Above CMC , the surfactant molecules
i) Dispersed phase is watter
undergo :
ii) Dispersed phase is oil
iii) Dispersed medium is watter A) Dissociation B) Dimerisation
iv) Dispersed medium is oil C)Micelle formation D)All of these
a) i & iv b) ii & ib c) i & iii d) ii & iii
195
 SURFACE CHEMISTRY JEE ADVANCED - VOL - VI
Passage - 3: x
26. log   and log P was found of the type:
x m
A graph between and the pressure P of
m This is true when:
the gas at a constant temperature is called
adsorption isotherm. Where x is the no. of
moles of the adsorbate and m is the mass of
the adsorbent. Adsorption isotherms of
different shapes have been experimentally
observed. According to Frundlich adsorption
log
1
x
isotherm  kP n where k and n are
m
constant parameters depending upon the log P
nature of the solid and gas
25. In the given isotherm select the incorrect
A) P=0 B) P=1
statement
1 1
C) 1 D) 0
C n n
B
A D) FeCl3 causes denaturation of proteins
present in blood

O P x
27. Graph between log   and log P is a
m
straight line at angle 450 with intercept OA
1
x
A)  P n along OA x
m as shown. Hence,   at a pressure of 2
m
x atm is
B)  P 0 when point B is reached
m

x
C) does not increase as rapidly with pressure
m
along BC due to less surface area available for
adsorption
D) nature of isotherm is different for two gases
for same adsorbent
A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 1

196
 JEE ADVANCED
JEE MAINS - CW- -VOL VOL- -VI I SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Passage - 4:
The process of dialysis finds application in the MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
purification of blood by artificial kidney. In this
method, impure blood is introduced in the 32 Match the Column-I with Column-II and
artificial kidney apparatus, where the waste Column-III
material (electrolyte)diffuses through the
membrane. The membrane used in the dialyser Column-I Column-II Column-III
is different from the membrane used in osmosis. (Colloidal (Dispersed (Dispersion
These membranes allow the movement of ions solution) phase) medium)
through them.
Blood is a negatively charged sol. The (a) Colloidion (p) Water (u) Ethanol
haem oglobin particles carry a positive charge. (b) Fog (q) Cellulose (v) Oil
Blood is slightly alkaline (pH 7.36-7.42). Acidic (c) Butter (r) Fat (w) Air
H
salts like alum and FeCl3 decrease the p of (d) Milk (s) Water (x) Water
the blood and the denaturation of globular 33. Match the following Columns :
proteins present in blood takes place. Due to Column-I Column-II
denaturation , these globular proteins become A)Solid sol P) Dispersed phase is solid
fibrous which are insoluble and stop bleeding B)Sol Q) Dispersion medium is solid
.Blood is lyophobic in nature. C) Emulsion R) Dispersed phase is liquid
E) Gel S) Dispersion medium is liquid
28. To Stop bleeding , FeCl3 is applied locally T) Dispersed phase and dispersion
medium are same
becuase” FeCl3 :
34. Match the Column – I with Column – II
A) FeCl3 seals the blood vessels
B) FeCl3 changes the direction of blood flow
C) FeCl3 reacts with blood to form a solid C olu mn – I Column – II
(A ) Bre dig’s arc (p) M ovement
substance which seals the blood vessel method of ions
29. Which of the following colloidal solution s tow ards
does not contain negatively charged oppositely
particles? cha rged
electrodes
A) Fe  OH 3 B) As2 S3
(B) Ele ctrodia lysis (q) Prepara tion
C) Blood D) Gold Sol of metal
30. The coagulating power of an electrolyte for sols
blood decreases in the order: (C) Ultra filtration (r) Purific ation
of sols
A) Na  , Al 3 , Ba 2  B) PO43 , SO42  , Cl  (D ) Pe ptiz ation (s) Prepara tion

C) Al 3 , Ba 2  , Na  D) Cl , SO , PO2 3 of colloidal
4 4
solution
31. Which of the following statements is/are not (t) The
true? prec ipitate
A) Blood is positively charged sol adsorbs
B) Soap solution contains ionic micelles as the one of the
colloidal particles ions of the
C) Blood is purified by the process of dialysis electrolyte
D) Ca 2  and K  cause coagulation of blood on its
surface
if added in excess
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 SURFACE CHEMISTRY JEE ADVANCED - VOL - VI
35. Match the following Columns :
Column-I Column-II LEVEL-VI - KEY
( A) Brownian motion (P ) Colloidal solution SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
( B ) Tyndall effect (Q) True solution 01)B 02)C 03)D 04)A
( C) Particle size 109  10 8 m (R) Suspension 05)A 06)A 07)B 8) C
( D) Completely transparent ( S) Emulsion 9)C 10) D 11)D 12)B
(T) Scattering of light 13)C
36. Match the following Columns : MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
Column-I Column-II 14) C,D 15)A,B,C 16) B,C,D
( A) Argyrol ( P) Colloidal sol of graphite in COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
water 17)C 18)D 19)A 20)B
(B) Aqua dag ( Q ) Colloidal sol of silver 21) B 22) C 23) C 24) C
( C) Purple of cassius(R) Colloidal sol of cellulose
25)B 26)D 27)B 28)D
nitrate in ethanol
( D) Colloidion ( S) Colloidal sol of gold
29)A 30)C 31)A
( T) Hydrophobic sol MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
37. Match the following Columns : 32) a-q-u;b-p-w;c-p-v;d-r-x
Column-I Column-II 33) A(P,Q,T),B(P,S),C(R,S,T) , D(R,Q)
(A) Physical adsorption ( P) Exothermic 34) A-q,s, B-p,r, C-r, D-s,t
( B) Chemisorption ( Q)Endothermic 35)A(P,R,S),B(P,R,S,T),C(P,S),D(Q)
( C)Desorption ( R) Removal of adsorbed 36).A(Q,T),B(P,T),C(S,T),D(R)
material 37).A(P,T),B(P,S),C(Q,R),D(Q,R)
( D) Activation of adsorbent (S) Specific in nature 38).A(R,T),B(S,T),C(P),D(Q,T)
( T) Mulitilayaer formation 39) A - q ; B - r ; C - s ; D - p
occurs
40)A - s ; B - r ; C - p ; D - q
38. Match the following Columns :
Column-I Column-II
(A) Tyndall effect (P) Purification of colloids
(B) Brownian movement (Q) Movement of colloidal
LEVEL-VI-HINTS
particles towards oppositely
charged electrode 1. No. of sodium lauryl sulphate
( C ) Ultrafiltration
(D) Electrophoresis
(R) Scattering of light
(S) Zig Zag motion
CH 3  CH 2 11 SO4 Na   in 1 litre solution
( T) Property of colloidal sol
 103  6  10 23
39) Match the following Columns :
Column I Column II  6  10 20
No. of sodium lauryl sulphate per
A) Protective colloid p) FeCl3  NaOH
mm3  6  1014
B) Liquid - liquid colloid q) Lyophilic colloids No. of colloidal particles per mm3  1013
C) Positively charged colloid.r) Emulsion No. of ions per colloidal particle
D)Negatively charged colloid. s) FeCl3  hot water
6  1014
40)Match the following Columns :   60
1013
Column I Column II 3. Total volume after addition of 5 mL of 1 M NaCl
A) Dialysis p) Cleansing action of soap solution = 105 mL
B) Peptisation q) Coagulation Thus 105 x molarity of NaCl in colloidal solution
C) Emulsification r) Colloidal sol formation = 5x1
D) Electrophoresis s) Purification Molarity of NaCl in colloidal solution = 5/105
Cocnentration in millimole = 5/105 x 1000 = 47.6
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JEE ADVANCED
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VOL- -VI
I SURFACE CHEMISTRY
4. No. of molecules of H 2 in 1.36cm3 22
  1016 cm 2
7
6.023 1023  1.36
  3.66  1019 No. of NH 3 molecules adsorbed
22400
 Volume of H 2 molecule  4.742  1023 44
 107
4 3  7  2  1023
  r  4.742  1023 22
 1016
3 7
 r  2.246  10 8 cm
Vol. of NH 3 adsorbed at STP
 Area of cross-section of H 2 molecule
2  1023
8 2   22.4  7.46 L

  r 2  3.14  2.246  10  6  10 23

 1.583  1015 cm 2 PV
1 1 760  1
7. Final volume of gas V2  
Area of molecules adsorbed P2 608
 
 3.66 1019  1.583 10 15 cm 2 = Area  1.25l  1250ml
Volume occupied by gas = Vol. of vessel - Vol.
of adsorption of Cu powder = specific area of
of charcoal
Cu powder,
 Specific area of adsorption of Cu 16
 1000   990ml
 1.583  10 15  3.66  1019 1.6
Vol. of gas adsorbed by charcoal = Vol. vessel -
 5.79  104 cm 2 Vol. occupied by gas = 1250 - 990 = 260
.5. Volume of solution= ‘V’ lts
 Vol. of gas adsorbed per gram of charcoal =
Mass of palmitic acid  V  d  V  4.24 g
60
 16.25 ml / g
V  4.24 16
Moles of palmitic acid 
256 21. Micells are formed by association of
 No. of molecules of palmit ic acid surfactant molecules.
24. Both aggregation and micelle
4.24  V  6.023  1023 formation takes place above CMC+

256
 Total area covered 25. At point ‘B’ x/m increases with pressure

4.24  V  6.023  10 23 1
  0.21 1018  104 cm 2 26.  1  slope  1
256 n
27. Slope =1/n=1
V  2.386  105 litre
x 1
44 log  log k  log p
6. Total surface area of carbon   107 cm 2 m n
7
radius of NH 3 molecule  108 cm x
k  2  2(2)1
m
Surface area of NH 3   r 2
199