3.bpt 1213 PDF

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KERALA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

THRISSUR – 680 596, KERALA
REGULATIONS, CURRICULUM, AND

SYLLABUS OF
BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
(B. P. T)
(With effect from 2012-13 onwards)

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CONTENTS
Section - 1 - Aims and objectives of the course
Section - 2 – Regulations governing BPT course
2.1 Minimum qualification for the admission of the course

2.2 Duration of the course and period of completion
2.3 Medium of instruction and examinations
2.4 Attendance, progress and condonation
2.5 Internal assessment marks
2.6 Criteria of Pass
2.7 Course of Study
2.8 Scheme of examination
2.9 Conditions under which candidates are permitted to proceed to next higher class
2.10 Declaration of the class
2.11 Internship
2.12 Award of rank
2.13 Award of Degree
2.14 Migration and transfer
Section - 3 - Subject and Course Content
3.1 First Year BPT
3.1.1 Anatomy
3.1.2 Physiology
3.1.3 Bio-Mechanics and Kinesiology
3.1.4 Psychology
3.1.5 Sociology
3 .1.6 Biochemistry& Nutrition
3.1.7 First Aid & Nursing
3.1.8 Orientation to Physiotherapy
3.1.9 Communicative English
3.1.10 Clinical Observation
3.2 Second Year BPT

3.2.1 Electro Therapy
3.2.2 Exercise Therapy
3.2.3 Pharmacology
3.2.4Micro Biology
3.2.5 Pathology
3.2.6Computer Sciences
3.2.7Medical Instrumentation
3.2.8Clinical observation
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3.3 Third Year BPT
3.3.1 General Medicine and general Surgery

3.3.2 Physiotherapy in General Medicine and General Surgery
3.3.3 Clinical Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
3.3.4 Physiotherapy in Orthopaedics and sports
3.3.5 Rehabilitation Science
3.3.6 Research Methodology and Biostatistics
3.3.7 Supervised Clinical practice
3.4 Fourth Year BPT
3.4.1 Clinical Neurology and Neuro Surgery

3.4.2 Physiotherapy in Neurology and Neuro surgery
3.4.3 Clinical Cardio respiratory disorder and surgery
3.4.4 Physiotherapy in Cardio respiratory disorder and intensive care management
3.4.5 Physiotherapy in Community Health
3.4.6 Ethics and Management
3.4.6 Supervised Clinical Practice
3.4.7 Project
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SECTION – 1
Aims and objectives of the course
As per WHO‘s International Classification of Health Workers*, based on the

International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO, 2008 revision) -
―Physiotherapists assess, plan and implement rehabilitative programs that improve or
restore human motor functions, maximize movement ability, relieve pain syndromes,
and treat or prevent physical challenges associated with injuries, diseases and other
impairments. They apply a broad range of physical therapies and techniques such as
movement, ultrasound, heating, laser and other techniques. They may develop and
implement programmes for screening and prevention of common physical ailments
and disorders.‖
This undergraduate course in Physiotherapy (BPT) is to impart in depth knowledge

and skill to a student to become competent in the techniques and develop the proper
attitude required for the independent practice of physiotherapy.
*www.who.int/hrh/statistics/workforce_HYPERLINK
"http://www.who.int/hrh/statistics/workforce_statistics"statistics
Objective of the study
i. Acquisition of adequate theoretical and the practical knowledge

foundation in the basic medical subjects.
ii. Proficiency in the skills of basic physiotherapy procedures and
techniques with adequate theoretical basic of allied science.
iii. Ability to detect patho-physiological impairment of structural and
functional deviations by using methodology of physical diagnosis to
evaluate the disability prognosis.
iv. Competency in imparting the physiotherapeutic measure of specific
choice towards preventive, curative, symptomatic and restorative or
rehabilitative goals.
v. Acquisition of moral and ethical codes and conduct of professional
practice in a dedicated manner with the patient welfare as the primary
responsibility.
vi. After achieving competency and skill a physiotherapist should practice
physiotherapy, and carry out treatment as an independent practitioner
or in consultation & reference with other medical practitioners.
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SECTION – 2
Regulations
2.1 Minimum qualification for the admission of the course
Candidates who have passed higher secondary examination of the Board of higher
secondary education, Kerala or equivalent there to, 50% Marks in biology separately
and 50% marks in physics, chemistry, and biology together are eligible.
2.2 Selection of Students
The selection of students for the BPT course shall be made strictly on merit as
decided by the Govt of Kerala/Kerala University of Health Sciences and as per
guidelines of the respective council.
2.3 Registration
A candidate on admission to the BPT course shall apply to the University for
Registration
 By making a formal application in the prescribed format.
 Original mark lists of the qualifying examination.
 Transfer certificate from the previous institution.
 Allotment letter from the competent authority who conducted the admission
process
 Equivalency and migration certificate where ever needed.
 Original SSLC/Equivalent Certificate.
 The fees prescribed for the registration.
2.4 Duration of the course and period of completion
The duration of the course shall be four and half years including Compulsory
Internship of six months. A candidate seeking admission to Bachelor of physiotherapy
course should have completed seventeen years of the age, as on 31st December of the
year of the admission. Every candidate before admission to the course shall furnish to
Principal of the institution a certificate of the medical fitness from the authorized
government medical officer, to the effect, that the candidate is physically fit to
undergo Physiotherapy course.
2.5 Medium of instruction and examinations
Medium of instruction and examinations shall be in English.
2.6 Attendance, progress and condonation

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A candidate is required to put in at least 80% attendance in theory and practical

subjects separately in a recognized institution approved by and affiliated to Kerala
University of health sciences.
The candidate shall complete the prescribed course satisfactorily to be eligible to

appear for the respective examination. The Condonation of attendance shall be done
by the Principal in consultation with the college governing council. The condonation
limited to Maximum of 10% attendance for a subject once in a course and for one
time only.
2.7 Internal assessment marks
Three internal examinations shall be conducted in each subject during a year and
average marks of two best performances shall be taken into consideration for the
award of internal marks. Marks of Evaluation by other methods like assignments,
seminars, projects etc.. can be added to the internal marks. A candidate must obtain
50% of marks in internal assessment to be eligible to write the university examination.
The class average of internal assessment marks should not cross 75%.
2.8 Criteria for Pass
A candidate shall be declared as pass if he secures 50% of marks in each subject in

theory and practical examinations separately. A candidate shall also secure a
minimum aggregate of 50% marks in theory section which includes university theory
examination, viva voce (if applicable) and internal assessment and in the practical
section a candidate shall secure 50% aggregate marks which includes university
practical and internal assessment. In all papers with section A and B only an
aggregate total of 50% mark is needed to pass the paper. A candidate who fails in
theory or practical exams in a subject shall appear for both theory and practical in that
subject in the subsequent examination.
2.9 Practical Examination: Maximum number of candidates for practical

examination shall not exceed 15 per day for the Physiotherapy Papers.
TABLE – 1
FIRST YEAR BPT (DURATION 0 – 12 MONTHS)
Sl. No: Subject Teaching hours
Weekly
class
hrs. Total Theory Practical
(approx)
7
Main subjects: For University Examination
1. Anatomy 8 240 150 90
2. Physiology 8 240 150 90
3. Biomechanics & 6.5 200 150 50

Kinesiology
4. Section A – Psychology 3 180 90 -

-
Section B – Sociology 3 90 -
Subsidiary subjects: Not for University Examination
5. First Aid & Nursing 2 40 20 20
6. Orientation to 3 100 100

Physiotherapy
7. Section A - 2 100 40 10
Biochemistry
Section B - Nutrition 2 40 10
8. Clinical Observation 5 150
9. Seminar 1 40 -
Total 40 1370
TABLE – II
SECOND YEAR BPT (DURATION 13 – 24 MONTHS)
Sl.
Subject Teaching hours
No:
8
Weekly
class Total Theory Practical
hrs.(approx)
1 Electrotherapy 8 240 80 160
2 Exercise therapy 8 240 80 160
3 Pharmacology 3 90 90 -
4 Section A – 2 60 -
Microbiology
120
Section B – Pathology 2 60 -
8. Computer Science 2 60 30 30
7. Supervised Clinical 8.5 250 - -

Observation
9. Medical Instrumentation 1 20
10 Seminar 1 40
Total 42 1060
TABLE – III
THIRD YEAR BPT (DURATION 25 – 36 MONTHS)

Sl.
No: Weekly
hrs.(approx)
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1. General Medicine &

3 90 90 -
General Surgery
2. Physiotherapy in
General Medicine & 8 240 90 150
General Surgery
3. Clinical Orthopedics
3 90 90 -
& Sports Medicine
4. Physiotherapy in
8 240 90 150
Orthopedics & Sports
5. Rehabilitation science
3 90 30 60
6. Supervised Clinical 16.5 500 - -

Practice
7. Seminar 1 40 - -
8. Research 1 30 - -
methodology&
Biostatistics
Total 44 1320 - -
TABLE – IV
FORTH YEAR BPT (DURATION 37– 48 MONTHS)

Sl.
No: Weekly
hrs(approx).

10
1. Clinical Neurology &

3 90 90 -
Neurosurgery
2. Physiotherapy in
Neurology & 8 240 90 150
Neurosurgery
3. Clinical Cardio-
Respiratory disorders 3 90 90 -
& Surgery
4. Physiotherapy in
Cardio-Respiratory
8 240 90 150
disorders & Intensive
Care management
5. Physiotherapy in
8 240 90 150
Community Health
6. Ethics and Management 1 20 20 -
7. Supervised Clinical
Practice
16.5 500 -
-
and Project
Total 48 1420
2.9. Schedule of the examination
There will be two examinations in a year (regular and supplementary), to be

conducted as per notification issued by university from time to time. First, second,
third and final Examinations of the BPT course shall be held at the end of first year,
second year, third year and fourth year respectively. Supplementary examination shall
be conducted by the university for the benefit of unsuccessful candidates. The
supplementary examination shall be conducted within six months from the date of
announcement of results.
The particulars of the subjects for various examinations and distributions of marks are
shown separately in the scheme of examination.
2.10. Scheme of examinations

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SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
I Year BPT
S.No Subject Theory Practical Grand

Total
Univer Viva Internal Total University Internal Total

sity assessment exam Assessment
Written
1 Anatomy 100 30 20 150 50 - 50 200
2. Physiology 100 30 20 150 50 - 50 200
3. Biomechanics 100 - 20 120 - - - 120

and
Kinesiology
4. Section A 50 - 10 - - -
Psychology
120 120
Section B 50 - 10 - - -
Sociology
II Year BPT

Total

sity exam
assessment assessment
Written
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2. Electro 100 30 20 150 80 20 100 250

therapy
3. Exercise 100 30 20 150 80 20 100 250

Therapy
4. Pharmacology 50 - 10 60 - - - 60
4. Section A 50 - 10 60 - - -
Microbiology
120
60
Section B 50 - 10 - - -
Pathology
III Year BPT

Total

sity exam
assessment assessment
Written
1 General 50 - 10 60 - - - 60
Medicine &
General
Surgery
2. Physiotherapy 100 30 20 150 80 20 100 250

in General
Medicine &
General
Surgery
3. Clinical 50 - 10 60 - - - 60
Orthopaedics
and Sports
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Medicine
4. Physiotherapy 100 30 20 150 80 20 100 250

in Clinical
Orthopaedics
and Sports
Medicine
5. Rehabilitation 100 - 20 120 - - - 120

Science
IV Year BPT

Total

sity assessment exam assessment
Written
1 Clinical 50 - 10 60 - - - 60
Neurology
and
Neurosurgery
2 Physiotherapy 100 30 20 150 80 20 100 250

in Clinical
Neurology
and
Neurosurgery
3. Clinical 50 - 10 60 - - - 60
Cardio
respiratory
disorders and
surgery
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4. Physiotherapy 100 30 20 150 80 20 100 250

in Cardio
respiratory
and Intensive
care
management
5. Physiotherapy 100 - 20 120 - - - 120

in
Community
Health
PAPER SETTING PATTERN
Total Marks - 100, Time: 3Hrs

Q1. Structured Essays - Nos 2x14 marks = 28 Marks
Q2. Brief structured essay – Nos 4 x 8 marks = 32 Marks
Q3. Short Answers - No10 x 4marks = 40 Marks
Total - 100 Marks
Total Marks - 50, Time: 1 ½ Hrs

Q1. Structured Essays - Nos 1x14marks = 14 Marks
Q2. Brief Structured Essays – 2 Nos x 8 marks = 16 Marks
Q3. Short Answers - 5No x 4marks = 20 Marks
Total - 50 Marks
In the subject Anatomy - Essay Questions should be from the Musculoskeletal,

Nervous system including sense organs and Cardio respiratory System
In the subject Physiology - Essay Questions should be from Musculoskeletal,
Nervous system including sense organs, Cardio respiratory System, Exercise
physiology
In Sociology & Psychology, Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and all Clinical
Subjects - Essay Questions should be from areas relevant to practice of
Physiotherapy
BROAD GUIDELINES
Structured Essay should be explanatory. Brief structured Essay should be descriptive
and short answers should be direct recollection based.
2.11. Conditions under which the candidates are permitted to proceed to the next
higher class
A candidate is not permitted to appear in the final year examination
unless he /she clear all I, II and III year BPT subjects. A candidate
can however appear for II and III BPT examinations without passing
previous examinations.
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2. 12. Declaration of class
Class shall we awarded at the end of each university examination as follows:-

Distinction – 75% and above
First class - 60% and above and less than 75%
Second class – 50% and above and less than 60%
A candidate passing a university examination in more than one attempt shall be
placed in Pass class only irrespective of the percentage of the marks secured by
him/her in the examination
2. 13. Internship
Every candidate admitted BPT degree course shall undergo six months of the
compulsory internship after passing of the final year examinations. No candidate shall
be awarded degree certificate without successfully completing six months of
internship.
The internship should be in rotatory essentially involving posting to Physiotherapy
Out patient department , Community physiotherapy.
It should also cover clinical branches concerned with physiotherapy such as
Orthopaedics and sports medicine, cardiothoracic, ICU‘s, neurology and neuro-
surgery, paediatrics, general medicine, general surgery, OBG ,Prosthetics and
orthotics as per institutional facilities.
Submission of internal works such as journal presentation, case presentation,

seminars as per the institutional guidelines is mandatory.
Successful completion- the student must maintain a log book. On completion of each
posting the same will have to be certified by the faculty in-charge of the posting for
both attendance as well as work done. On completion of all postings, the duly
completed log book will be submitted to the Principal / Head of the
Institution/programme to be considered as having successfully completed the
internship programme.
2.14 Award of rank
Ranks and medals shall be awarded on the basis of aggregate of the all university
examinations of the particular course however a candidate who fails in one or more
subject during the course shall be not eligible for the award of ranks and medals.
2. 15 Award of degree
A candidate who passes entire subjects of the course and undergone internship
satisfactorily for the specific period will be eligible for the award of degree during the
ensuing convocation.
2. 16 Migration and transfer
Migration and transfer will not be permitted after student has registered with the
course of study with the university, this will be applicable during the period of
internship also.
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2.17 Qualification for Teachers and Examiners in BPT course.

The teachers and examiners should possess the qualification acquired from University
/ Institution recognized by K.U.H.S. The teacher should possess post graduate degree
from a university recognised by KUHS. To become external/internal examiner a
teacher should possess a minimum of three years of post P.G teaching experience in
the concerned subject.
The following are the faculty qualifications for teaching and becoming and Examiner.
No Subject Qualification
01 Anatomy M D Anatomy / M Sc Anatomy
02 Physiology MD Physiology/Msc Physiology
03 Psychology MA Psychology
04 Sociology MA Sociology
05 Pathology MD Pathology/M Pharm
06 Microbiology M Sc Microbiology/ MD Microbiology
07 Pharmacology M Pharm / MD Pharmacology
08 Exercise Therapy MPT
09 Electrotherapy MPT
10 General Medicine and general MD/ MPT

surgery
11 Physiotherapy in General MPT

Medicine & General Surgery
11 Orthopaedics M S Orthopaedics / D. Ortho / MPT (Ortho /

Sports)
12 Orthopaedics and Sports MPT (Ortho / Sports)

Physiotherapy
13 Cardio respiratory & General MPT (Cardio Resp )

Physiotherapy
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14 Cardiology & respiratory MD Cardiology / MD Pulmonology/ MS

Cardio thoracic Surgery / MPT (Cardio Resp)
15 Neurology & Neuro surgery MD Neurology / MS Neurosurgery / MPT

(Neuro)
16 Physiotherapy in Community MPT

Health
17 Biomechanics MPT
18 Rehabilitation science MPT/ MD or DNB Physiatrist,

Masters in Prosthetics and Orthotics
2.18 Question Paper setting and evaluation for all papers in BPT course should be
done by concerned subject experts with 2 years post PG experience OR MPT degree
holders with minimum 3 years post P.G teaching experience in the concerned subject.
SECTION -3
Subject and course content
ANATOMY
Subject Title : Anatomy

Duration : 0-12 Months
Total Hours : 240
Theory : 150 Hrs
Practical : 90 Hrs
Total Hours/Week : 8 Hrs
Course Description
It is designed to provide students with the working knowledge of the structure

of the human body which is an essential foundation for their clinical studies. Studies
are concerned with the topographical and functional anatomy of the limb‘s and thorax
particular attention is fade to the muscles, bones and joints of the regions. The
abdomen, pelvis, perineum, head and neck and central nervous system (CNS) are
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studied with particular reference to topics of importance to physiotherapists. The

study of the CNS includes detailed consideration of the control of motor function.
THEORY
1. Histology [5 Hours]
General histology, study of the basic tissues of the body;
Microscope, Cell, Classification of epithelial & connective tissues, Cartilage, Bone,
Muscular Tissue-TS & LS, Circulatory system-Large sized artery, medium sized
artery, large sized vein, Nervous tissues, Skin and its appendages.
2. Embryology [5 Hours]
a) Ovum, Spermatozoa fertilization and formation of the Germ layers and their
derivations (brief outline).
b) Development of bones, axial and appendicular skeleton and muscles,
c) Neural tube and spinal cord,
d) Development of brain and brain stem structures.
3. Regional Anatomy
Thorax: [15 Hours]
a. Cardio-vascular System
Mediastinum: Divisions and contents
Pericardium : Thoracic Wall: position, shape and parts of the heart;
conducting System; blood Supply and nerve supply of the heart; names of the
blood vessels and their distribution in the body- region wise.
b. Respiratory system
Outline of respiratory passages
Pleura and lungs: position, parts relations, blood supply and nerve supply;
Lungs- emphasize on broncho-pulmonary segments.
Diaphragm: Origin, insertion, nerve supply and action, openings in the
diaphragm.
Intercostals muscles and Accessory muscles of respiration: Origin, insertion,
nerve supply and action.
Abdomen [ 5 Hours]
c. Peritoneum: Parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, folds of peritoneum,
functions of peritoneum.
d. Large blood vessels of the gut
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e. Location, size, shape, features, blood supply, nerve supply and functions of the
following: stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, urinary bladder, intestines,
gall bladder.
Pelvis: [5 Hours]
f. Position, shape, size, features, blood supply and nerve supply of the male and
female reproductive system. Pelvic girdle (joints) and muscles at the pelvic
floor, Comparison of female and male pelvis.
Endocrine glands (Brief outline): [5 Hours]

g. Position, shape size function blood supply and nerve supply of the following
glands: Hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands,
Adrenal glands, pancreatic islets, ovaries and testes, pineal glands, thymus.
4. Musculo Skeletal Anatomy-(All the topics to be taught in detail) [16

Hours]
a) Anatomical positions of body, axes, planes, common anatomical terminologies
(Groove, tuberosity, trochanters etc)
c) Bones Composition & functions, classification and types according to morphology and
development.
d) Joints-definition-classification, structure of fibrous, cartilaginous joints, synorial joints
blood supply and nerve supply of joints.
e) Muscles - origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions.
f) Applied clinical anatomy related to the above topics.
5. Upper Extremity: [30 Hours]

a. Osteology : Clavicles, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges.
Ossification of individual bones.
b. Soft parts: Breast, pectoral region, axilla, front of arm, back of arm, cubital fossa,
front of fore arm, back of fore arm, palm, dorsum of hand, muscles, nerves, blood
vessels and lymphatic drainage of upper extremity.
c. Joints : Shoulder girdle, shoulder joint, elbow joints, radio ulnar joint, wrist joint and joints
of the hand.
d. Superficial & Deep palmer arches of hand, skin of the palm and dorsum of hand.
e. Applied/Clinical anatomy related to the above topics.
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6. Lower Extremity: [30 Hours]

a. Osteology : Hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
Ossification of individual bones.
b. Soft parts: Gluteal region, front and back of the thigh (Femoral triangle, femoral canal and
inguinal canal), medial side of the thigh (Adductor canal), lateral side of the thigh, poplitial
fossa, anterior and posterior, compartment of leg, sole of the foot, lymphatic
drainage of lower limb, venous drainage of the lower limb, arterial supply of the lower limb,
arches of foot, skin of foot.
c. Joints: Hip Joint, Knee joint, Ankle joint, joints of the foot.
d. Applied/Clinical anatomy related to the above topics.
7. Head, Neck and Spine [16 Hours]

a. Osteology : Mandible and bones of the skull, paranasal sinuses (Brief outline)
b. Soft parts : Muscles of the face and neck and their nerve and blood supply-extra ocular muscles,
triangles of the neck,
c. Gross anatomy of eyeball, nose, ears and tongue (Brief outline).
d. Spine. – Structure and function, Lumbo Pelvic Rhythm
a. Osteology: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae and ribs
b. Soft tissue: Pre and Para vertebral muscles, intercostals muscles, anterior abdominal wall
muscles, Inter-vertebral disc & joints.
e. Applied/ Clinical related to Anatomy above topics.
8. Neuro Anatomy [18 Hours]
a. Organization of Central Nervous system -Spinal nerves and autonomic nervous system
mainly pertaining to cardiovascular, respiratory and urogenital system
b. Cranial nerves
c. Peripheral nervous system
1. Peripheral nerves
2. Neuromuscular junction
3. Sensory end organs
d) Central Nervous System
1. Spinal segments and areas
2. Brain Stem
3. Cerebellum
4. Inferior colliculi
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e Superior Colliculi
f. Thalamus
g. Hypothalamus
h. Corpus striatum
i. Cerebral hemisphere
j. Lateral ventricles
k. Blood supply to brain
1. Basal Ganglia
m. The pyramidal system
n. Pons, medulla, extra pyramidal systems
o. Anatomical integration.
p. Applied /Clinical Anatomy related to the above topics.
PRACTICAL [90 Hours]

List of Practical / Demonstrations *
Topics – With Emphasis on Structure and Function of Joints, Muscles and on
Human body as a Kinematic chain.
1. Upper extremity Anatomy
2. Lower extremity Anatomy
3. Head & Spinal cord and Neck and Brain including surface Anatomy
4. Thorax including surface anatomy, abdominal muscles joints Diaphragm
5. Embryology- Histology-Elementary tissue including surface Anatomy
6. a. Demonstration of the muscles of the whole body and organs in Thorax and
Abdomen in a cadaver
b. Demonstration of movements & discuss about the range of motion (ROM) in
important joints.
c. Surface making of the lung, pleura, fissures and lobes of lungs, heart, liver,
spleen,
d. Kidney, cranial nerves, spinal nerves and important blood vessels.
e. Identification of body prominences on inspection and by palpation especially of
extremities.
f. Points of palpation of Muscles, bones, Joints, nerves and arteries.
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Recommended Text books:

1. SNELL [Richard S], Clinical Anatomy for Medical students : Ed. 5. Little
Brown and Company Boston. 1995,
2. B.D CHAURASIA‘S HUMAN ANATOMY -REGIONAL AND APPLIED;
VOLUME 1, VOLUME II AND VOLUME III.
3. MOORE [Keith L], Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Ed. 3., Williams and
Wilkins,
Baltimore, 1992
4. DATTA [A.K], Essentials of human Anatomy: Thorax and Abdomen Ed 2.
Vol. I Current. Book International, Calcutta 1994
DATTA..K.J, Essentials of human Anatomy: Head and Neck Ed 2. Vol.
II, Current Book International, Culcutta 1995
5. SINGH [Inderbir], Text book of anatomy with color atlas: Introduction,
Osteology, upper extremity, lower extremity. Vol I. P Brothers, New Delhi
1996
6. SINGH [Inderbir], Text book of anatomy with colour atlas: Thorax and
abdomen. Vol II. JP Brothers, New Delhi 1996
7. SINGH [Inderbir], Text book of anatomy with color atlas: Head and Neck
Central Nervous system. Vol III. JP Brothers, New Delhi 1996
8. SINGH [Inderbir],Human Osteology. JP Brothers, New Delhi 1990
10. Drake, Vogl & Mitinell, YRAY‘S Anatomy for students, 2nd Edition, 2010
Church II Livingstone.
11 SNELL, Clinical Anatomy, 7th edition 2004 Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
PHYSIOLOGY
Subject Title : PHYSIOLOGY

Duration : 0- 12 Months
Total Hours : 240
Theory : 150Hrs
PracticaL : 90 Hrs
Total Hours / Week : 8 Hrs
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Course Description
The course in Physiology over the first year is designed to provide an

understanding of the physiology of human body, with the ultimate aim to have a firm
knowledge of physiological reactions to Exercise and Physical activity.
The major topics covered include the following: Basic Physiology of the
Nervous Cardiovascular Respiratory Digestive Excretory Reproductive and Endocrine
system with focus on the effects of various exercises and physical activities.
Practical classes include hematology experiments, clinical examinations,
amphibian chart, and recommended demonstrations.
THEORY
General Physiology [3 Hrs]
• Cell: Morphology. Organelles: their structure and functions
• Transport Mechanisms across the cell membrane
• Body fluids: Distribution, composition. Tissue fluid - formation.
Blood [10 Hrs]
Introduction : Composition and functions of blood.
Plasma : Composition, formation, functions. Plasma proteins.
RBC : Count and its variations. Erythropoiesis-stages, factors regulating.
Reticulo-endothelial system (in brief) Hemoglobin - Anaemia (in detail), types of
Jaundice. Blood indices, PCV, ESR.
• WBC: Classification. Morphology, functions, count, its variation of each. Immunity
• Platelets: Morphology, functions, count, its variations
• Haemostatic mechanisms: Blood coagulation-factors, mechanisms. Their
disorders. Anticoagulants.
• Blood Groups: Landsteiner‘s law. Types, significance, determination,
Erythroblastosis foetalis.
• Blood Transfusion: Cross matching. Indications and complications.
• Lymph: Composition, formation, circulation and functions.
Nerve Muscle Physiology [25 Hrs]
• Introduction: Resting membrane potential. Action potential - ionic basis and properties.
• Nerve: Structure and functions of neurons. Classification, Properties and impulse
transmission of nerve fibres. Nerve injury -degeneration and regeneration.
• Neuroglia: Types and functions.
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• Muscle: Classification. Skeletal muscle: Structure. Neuromuscular junction :

Structure. Neuromuscular transmission, myasthenia gravis. Excitation-
Contraction coupling. Rigormortis. Motor unit. Properties of skeletal muscles,
Strength- Duration curve, Length-tension relationship, fatigue, load.
• Smooth muscle: Structure, types, mechanism of contraction. Plasticity.
Cardiovascular System [15 Hrs]

• Introduction: Physiological anatomy and nerve supply of the heart and blood
vessels. Organization of CVS. Cardiac muscles: Structure. Ionic basis of action
potential and pacemaker potential. Properties.
• Conducting system: Components. Impulse conduction, Cardiac Cycle: Definition.
Phases of cardiac cycle. Pressure and volume curves. Heart sounds - causes,
character. ECG: Definition. Different types of leads. Waves and their causes. P-R
interval. Heart block.
• Cardiac Output: Definition. Normal value. Determinants. Stroke volume and its
regulation. Heart rate and its regulation. Their variations
• Arterial Blood Pressure: Definition. Normal values and its variations.
Determinants. Regulation of BP.
• Arterial pulse.
• Shock - Definition. Classification-causes and features
• Regional Circulation: Coronary, Cerebral and Cutaneous circulation..
Respiratory System [15Hrs]
• Introduction: Physiological anatomy - Pleura, tracheo-bronchial tree, alveolus,
respiratory membrane and their nerve supply. Functions of respiratory system.
Respiratory muscles.
• Mechanics of breathing: Intrapleural and Intrapulmonary pressure changes during
respiration. Chest expansion. Lung compliance: Normal value, pressure-volume
curve, factors affecting compliance and its variations. Surfactant - Composition,
production, functions. RDS
• Spirometry: Lung volumes and capacities. Timed vital capacity and its clinical
significance. Maximum ventilation volume. Respiratory minute volume.
• Dead Space: Types and their definition.
• Pulmonary Circulation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio and its importance.
• Transport of respiratory gases: Diffusion across the respiratory membrane.
Oxygen transport -Different forms, oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.
25
Factors affecting it. P50, Haldane and Bohr effect. Carbon dioxide transport:
Different forms, chloride shift.
• Regulation of Respiration: Neural Regulation. Hering-breuer‘s reflex. Voluntary
control. Chemical Regulation.
• Hypoxia: Effects of hypoxia. Types of hypoxia, Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Acclimatization Hypercapnoea. Asphyxia. Cyanosis - types and features. Dysbarism
• Disorders of Respiration: Dyspnoea. Orthopnoea. Hyperpnoea, hyperventilation,
apnoea, tachypnoea. periodic breathing - types
• Artificial respiration
Digestive System [10 Hrs]
• Introduction: Physiological anatomy and nerve supply of alimentary canal.

Enteric nervous system
• Salivary Secretion: Saliva: Composition. Functions. Regulation. Mastication (in
brief)
• Swallowing : Definition Different stages, Functions.
• Stomach: Function, Gastric Juice: Gland, composition, function, regulation.
Gastrin:
PRODUCTION, FUNCTION AND REGULATION. Peptic ulcer, Gastric

motility. Gastric emptying. Vomiting.
• Pancreatic Secretion: Composition, production, function..
• Liver: Function of liver. Bile secretion: Composition, functions and regulation.
Gall bladder: Functions.
• Intestine: Succus entericus: Composition, function of secretion. Intestinal
motility and its function and regulation.
• Mechanism of Defaecation.
Renal System [10 Hrs]

• Introduction: Physiological anatomy, Nephrons – cortical, and juxtamedullary. Juxa
glomerular apparatus. Glomerular membrane. Renal blood flow and its regulation.
Functions of kidneys.
• Mechanism of urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration: GFR – normal value and factors
affecting.. Renal clearance. Insulin clearance..
26
• Tubular Reabsorption: Reabsorption of Na+, glucose,, HCO3-. Urea and water. Filtered load
Renal tubular transport maximum. Glucose clearance. .Renal threshold for glucose.
• Tubular Secretion: Secretion of, H+ and K+, PAH Clearance.
• Micturition: Mechanism of micturition. . Atonic bladder, automatic bladder.
• Acid – Base balance (very brief)
• Skin and temperature regulation.
Endocrine System [10 Hrs] (Emphasis on regulation and functions only)

• Introduction: Major endocrine glands. Hormone: classification, mechanism of
action. Functions of hormones.
• Pituitary Gland: Anterior Pituitary and Posterior pituitary hormones: Secretory
cells, action on target cells, regulation of secretion of each hormone.
Disorders: Gigantism, Acromegaly, Dwarfism,
• Diabetes Insipidus. Physiology of growth and development: hormonal and
other influences.
• Thyroid Gland: Thyroid hormone and calcitonin: secretory cells, synthesis,
storage, action and regulation of secretion. Disorders: Myxoedema, Cretinium,
Grave‘s disease.
• Parathyroid hormones: secretory cello, action, regulation of secretion: Disorders:
Hyperparathyroidism.
• Adrenal Gland: Adrenal Cortex: Secretory cells, synthesis, action, regulation
of secretion of Aldosterone, Cortisol,. Disorders:: Addition‘s disease,
Cushing‘s syndrome, Conn‘s syndrome, Adrenogential syndrome. Adrenal
Medulla: Secretory cells, action. Disorders: Phoechromocytoma.
• Endocrine Pancreas: Secretory cells, action,. Regulation of secretion of insulin
and glucose, Glucose metabolism and its regulation. Disorder: Diabetes
mellitus.
Reproductive System [10 Hrs]

• Introduction: Physiological anatomy reproductive organs. Sex determination. Sex
differentiation. Disorder
• Male Reproductive System: Functions of testis. Pubertal changes in males. Spermatogenesis.
• Testosterone: action.
• Female Reproductive System: Functions of ovaries and uterus. Pubertal changes in females.
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Oogenesis. Hormones: estrogen and progesterone-action.. Menstrual Cycle. Hormonal,

basis. Menarche. Menopause. Pregnancy: Pregnancy tests. Physiological changes during
pregnancy. Functions of placenta. Lactation. Contraception methods.
Special Senses [7 Hrs]

• Vision: Introduction: Functional anatomy of eye ball. Functions of cornea, iris, pupil, aqueous
humor- glaucoma, lens- cataract, vitreous humor, rods and cones. Photopic vision. Scotopic
vision.
• Visual pathway and the effects of lesions
• Refractive Errors: Myopia,. Hypermetropia, presbyopia and astigmatism.
• Visual Reflexes. Accommodation, papillary and light. Visual acuity and Visual field. Light
adaptation. Dark adaptation. Color vision –color blindness. Nyctalopia.
• Audition: Physiological anatomy of the ear. Functions of external ear, middle ear and inner
ear Structure of Cochlea and organ of corti. Auditory pathway. Types of Deafness. Tests for,
hearing. Audiometry.
• Taste: Taste buds. Primary tastes. Gustatory pathway.
• Smell: Olfactory membrane. Olfactory pathway.
• Vestibular Apparatus: Crista Ampullaris and macula. Functions and its Disorders.
Nervous System [25 Hrs]

• Introduction: Organization of CNS - central and peripheral nervous system. Functions of
nervous system. Synapse: Functional anatomy, classification, Synaptic transmission. Properties.
• Sensory Mechanism: Sensory receptors: function, classification and properties. Sensory
pathway: The ascending tracts — Posterior column tracts, lateral spinothalamic tract and the
anterior spinothalamic tract - their origin, course, termination and functions. The trigeminal
pathway. Sensory cortex. Somatic sensations: crude touch, fine touch, tactile
localization, tactile discrimination, stereognosis, vibration sense, kinesthetic sensations.
Pain sensation: mechanism of pain. Cutaneous pain -slow and fast pain, hyperalgesia.
Deep pain. Visceral pain - referred pain. Gate control theory of pain, tabes dorsal is, sensory
ataxia.
• Motor Mechanism: Motor Cortex. Motor pathway: The descending tracts - pyramidal
tracts, extrapyramidal tracts - origin, course, termination and functions. Upper motor
neuron and lower motor neuron. Paralysis, monoplegia, paraplegia, hemiplegia and
quadriplegia.
28
• Reflex Action: components, Bell-Magendie law, classification and Properties.

Monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, superficial reflexes, deep reflexes. Stretch
reflex structure of muscle spindle, pathway, higher control and functions. Inverse stretch
reflex. Muscle tone - definition, and properties hypotonia, atonia and hypertonia. UMNL
and LMNL
• Spinal cord Lesions: Complete transection and Hemisection of the spinal cord.
• Cerebellum: Functions. Cerebellar ataxia.
• Posture and Equilibrium: Postural reflexes -spinal, medullary, rnidbrain and cerebral
reflexes.
• Thalamus and Hypothalamus: Nuclei. Functions. Thalamic syndrome .
• Reticular Formation and Limbic System: Components and Functions.
• Basal Ganglia: Structures included and functions. Parkinson‘s disease.
• Cerebral Cortex: Lobes. Brodmann‘s areas and their functions. Higher functions of cerebral cortex -
learning, memory and speech.
• EEG : Waves and features. Sleep: REM and NREM sleep.
• CSF: Formation, composition, circulation and functions. Lumbar puncture and its significance. Blood
brain barrier. Hydrocephalus.
• ANS: Features and actions of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
Physiology of Exercise [25 Hrs]

A. Effects of exercise and physical activities on
1) O2 transport
2) Muscle strength/power/endurance
3) B.M.R./R.Q.
4) Hormonal and metabolic effect
5) Cardiovascular system
6) Respiratory system
7) Body fluids and electrolyte
B. Effect of gravity / altitude /acceleration / pressure on physical parameters
C. Energy expenditure and fatigue
D. Body Composition
E. Physical Activity for Health and Fitness
F. Physiology of Exercise in various age groups and diseases
D. Criteria for prescription of exercises
29
Applied Physiology [5 Hrs]
More detailed study of the physiology and practical applications of the following selected topics with
emphasis on aspects, which should help in understanding the nature and treatment of common
clinical situations of interest in Physiotherapy.
a. Pulmonary Functions
1. Properties of gases, Mechanics of respiration, Diffusion capacity, special features of pulmonary

circulation and their application.
2. Respiratory adjustments in exercises.
3. Artificial respiration
4. Breath sounds.
b. Cardio vascular Functions
1. Blood flow through arteries,, , arterioles, capillaries, veins and venuoles.
2. Circulation of Lymph, Oedema
3. Factors affecting cardiac Output
4. Circulatory adjustment in exercise and in postural and gravitational changes,
5. Patho physiology of fainting and heart failure.
c. Muscles and Nervous System Functions

1. Peripheral nervous system, Neuromuscular transmission, Types of nerve fibres.
2. Action potential, Strength-duration curve, ECG, EMG, VEP, NCV
3. Degeneration and regeneration of nerve, Reactions of denervations.
4. Synaptic transmission, Stretch reflex-Mechanism and factors affecting it.
5. Posture, Balance and Equilibrium/Coordination of voluntary movement
6. Voluntary motor action, clonus, Rigidity, Discordination,
7. Special senses- Vision, taste, hearing, vestibular, Olfaction
8. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic regulation, Thermoregulation.
d. Blood functions
1. Thalassemia Syndrome, Hemophilia, VWF
30
2. Anemia, Leucocytosis
3. Bone marrow transplant
e. Metabolic Functions
Diabetes Mellitus, Physiological basis of Peptic Ulcer, Jaundice, GIT disorders and
Dietary fiber, Thyroid functions, Vitamins deficiency.
PRACTICAL 60 Hrs
I. Haematology 15 Hrs
To be done by the students

1. Study of Microscope and its uses
2. Determination of blood groups
3. Determination of bleeding time
4. Determination of clotting time
Demonstrations only
1. Determination of ESR
2. Determination of PC V
II. Clinical Examination 35 Hrs

To be done by the students
1. Examination of Radial pulse.
2. Recording of blood pressure
3. Examination of CVS
4. Examination of Respiratory system
5. Examination of sensory system
6. Examination of Motor System
7. Examination of reflexes
III. Demonstrations 10 Hours

1. Spirometry, Body Composition, Exercise testing.
2. Ergometry, Artificial Respiration
3. ECG, EEG
31
Recommended text books:

1. Text book of medical physiology - Guyton Arthur
2. Concise medical physiology - Chaudhuri Sujit K.
3. Human Physiology — Chatterjee C. C.
4. Text book of practical Physiology - Ranade.
5. Text of Physiology-A.K.Jain.
6. Basics of Medical histology- Venkatesh D & SudhakarHH
7. Manipal Manual of Physiology - Prof. C N Chandrashekar
Reference:
1. Review of Medical Physiology - Ganong William F.
2. Physiological basis of Medical practice - Best & Taylor
BIOMECHANICS
Syllabus BPT II Year
Title : Biomechanics
Total Hours : 200Hrs
Theory : 150 Hrs
Practical : 50 Hrs
Total Hours/week : 6.5
Course Description
Kinesiology and Biomechanics involves the study of basic concepts of human
movement, and application of various biomechanical principles in the evaluation
diagnosis and treatment of movement and structural disorders of musculoskeletal
system. Students are taught to understand the various quantitative and qualitative
methods of evaluation of movement. Mechanical principles of various treatment
methods are studied. Study and management of deviations in posture, ADL and gait
are also an integral part.
32
THEORY
1. Basic Concepts in Biomechanics: Kinematics and Kinetics [25Hrs]
a) Types of Motion
b) Location of Motion
c) Direction of Motion
d) Magnitude of Motion
e) Definition of Forces
f) Force of Gravity
g) Reaction forces
h) Equilibrium
i) Objects in Motion
j) Force of friction
k) Concurrent force systems
l) Parallel force systems
m) Work
n) Moment arm of force
o) Force components
p) Equilibrium of levers
2. Joint structure and Function [13 Hrs]

a) Joint design
b) Materials used in human joints
c) General properties of connective tissues
d) Human joint design
e) Joint function
f) Joint motion
g) General effects of disease, injury and immobilization.
3. Muscle structure and function [12 Hrs]
a) Mobility and stability functions of muscles

b) Elements of muscle structure
33
c) Muscle function
d) Effects of immobilization, injury and aging
4. Biomechanics of the Thorax and Chest wall [10 Hrs]
a) General structure and function

b) Rib cage and the muscles associated with the rib cage
c) Ventilatory motions: its coordination and integration
d) Developmental aspects of structure and function
e) Changes in normal structure and function - relation to pregnancy, scoliosis and
COPD
5. The Temperomandibular Joint [5 Hrs]
a)General features, structure , function and dysfunction
6. Biomechanics and kinesiology of the vertebral column [15Hrs]
a) General structure and function

b) Regional structure and function – Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region,
sacral region
c) Muscles of the vertebral column
d) General effects of injury and aging
7. Biomechanics and kinesiology of the peripheral joints [45 Hrs]
a) The shoulder complex: Structure and components of the shoulder complex and
their integrated function.
b) The elbow complex: Structure and function of the elbow joint – humeroulnar
and humeroradial articulations, superior and inferior radioulnar joints; mobility and
stability of the elbow complex; the effects of immobilization and injury.
c) The wrist and hand complex: Structural components and functions of the wrist
complex; structure of the hand complex; prehension; functional position of the the
wrist and hand.
34
d) The hip complex: structure and function of the hip joint; hip joint pathology-
arthrosis, fracture, bony abnormalities of the femur:
e) The knee complex: structure and function of the knee joint – tibiofemoral joint and
patellofemoral joint; effects of injury and disease.
f) The ankle and foot complex.: structure and function of the ankle joint, subtalar
joint, talocalcaneonavicular joint, transverse tarsal joint, tarsometatarsal joints,
metatarsophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joints, structure and function of the
plantar arches, muscles of the ankle and foot, deviations from normal structure and
function – Pes Planus and Pes Cavus
8.Biomechanics and kinesiology of Posture, ADL and Gait [25 Hrs]
Static and dynamic posture, postural control, kinetics and kinematics of

posture, ideal posture analysis of posture, effects of posture on age, pregnancy,
occupation and recreation; general features of gait, gait initiation, kinematics and
kinetics of gait, energy requirements, kinematics and kinetics of the trunk and upper
extremities in relation to gait, stair case climbing and running, effects of age, gender,
assistive devices, disease, muscle weakness, paralysis, asymmetries of the lower
extremities, injuries and malalignments in gait; Movement Analysis : ADL activities
like sitting – to standing, lifting, various grips , pinches.
PRACTICAL: [50 Hrs]

Shall be conducted for various joint movements and analysis of the same.
Demonstration may also be given as how to analyze posture and gait. The student
shall be taught and demonstrated to analysis for activities of daily living – ADL –
(like sitting to standing, throwing, lifting etc.) The student should be able to explain
and demonstrate the movements occurring at the joints, the muscles involved, the
movements or muscle action produced, and mention the axis and planes through
which the movements occur. The demonstrations may be done on models or skeleton.
Recommended Text books:
1. Joint Structure and Function – A comprehensive Analysis, JP Bros Medical
Publishers, New Delhi.
35
2. Brunnstrom, Clinical Kinesiology, JP Bros Medical Publishers, Bangalore, 5th Ed

1996,1st Indian Ed 1998
3. Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants, JP Bros Medical
Publishers, Bangalore, 1st Indian Ed 1997
4.Textbook on kinesiology by D.A. Neuman
PSYCHOLOGY & SOCIOLOGY
Subject Title : PSYCHOLOGY&SOCIOLOGY

Total Hours : 180
Theory : 90/90
Total Hours/week : 3+3Hrs
Course description
Human Psychology involves the study of various behavioural patterns of

individuals, theories of development, normal and abnormal aspects of motor, social,
emotional and language development, communication and interaction skills
appropriate to various age groups. Sociology will introduce student to the basic
sociology concepts, principles and social , emotional and language development,
communication and interaction skills appropriate to various age groups. Sociology
will introduce student to the basic sociology concepts, principles and social process
social institutions [in relation to the individual, family and community] and the
various social factors affecting the family in rural and urban communities in India will
be studied.
The study of these subjects will help the student to understand their clients
while assessment and while planning appropriate treatment method.
Theory (Psychology)
1. Introduction to Psychology [ 10 Hrs]
a. Schools : Structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism,
psychoanalysis.
36
b. Methods : Introspection, observation, inventory and experimental

method.
c. Branches : Pure psychology and applied psychology
d. Psychology and physiotherapy
2. Growth and Development [ 5 Hrs]
a. Life span : different stages of development (Infancy, childhood,

adolescence, adulthood, middle age, old age).
b. Heredity and environment: role of heredity and environment in physical and

psychological development, ―Nature v/s Nature controversy‖
3. Sensation, attention and perception [ 10 Hrs]
a. Sensation : Vision, Hearing, Olfactory, Gustatory and Coetaneous

sensation, movement, equilibrium and visceral sense.
b. Attention :Types of attention, Determinants and objective determinants
c. Perception: Gestalt principles of organization of perception (principle of
figure ground and principles of grouping), factors influencing perception
(past experience and context)
d. Illusion and hallucination: different types
4. Motivation [ 5 Hrs]
a. Motivation cycle (need, drive, incentive, reward).

b. Classification of motives.
c. Abraham Maslow‘s theory of need hierarchy
5. Frustration and conflict [ 5 Hrs]
a. Frustration : Sources of frustration.

b. Conflict : types of conflict.
c. Management of frustration and conflict.
6. Emotions [ 5 Hrs]
a. Three levels of analysis of emotion (physiological level, subjective state,

and overt behavior).
37
b. Theories of emotion
c. Stress and management of stress.
7. Intelligence [ 10 Hrs]
a. Theories of intelligence.
b. Distribution of intelligence.
c. Assessment of intelligence.
8. Thinking [ 10 Hrs]
a. Reasoning : deductive and inductive reasoning
b. Problem solving : rules in problem solving (algorithm and heuristic)
c. Creative thinking : steps in creative thinking, traits of creative people
9. Learning [ 10 Hrs]
a. Factors effecting learning.
b. Theories of learning : trial and error learning, classical conditioning,Operant

conditioning, insight learning, social learning theory.
c. The effective ways to learn: Massed/Spaced, Whole/Part,

Recitation/Reading, Serial/ Free recall, Incidental/Intentional learning,
Knowledge of results, association, organization, and mnemonic methods.
10. Personality [ 10 Hrs]
a. Approaches to personality: type & trait, behavioristic, psychoanalytic and

humanistic approach.
b. Personality assessment: observation, situational test, questionnaire, rating

scale, interview, and projective techniques.
c. Defense Mechanisms: denial of reality, rationalization, projection, reaction

formation, identification, repression, regression, intellectualization, undoing,
introjections, acting out.
38
11. Social psychology [ 10 Hrs]
a. Leadership: Different types of leaders. Different theoretical approaches to

leadership.
b. Attitude: development of attitude. Change of attitude
Recommended text books:

1.Feldman.R.H(1996). Understanding psychology. New Delhi: Tata McGraw hill.
2.Morgan et al(2003). Introduction to psychology. New Delhi: Tata McGraw hill.
3.Lefton Psychology. Boston: Alwin &Bacot Company.
4.Mongol, S.K (2002). Advanced educational psychology. New Delhi: prentice hall.
5.Atkinson(I996). Dictionary of psychology.
THEORY (SOCIOLOGY)
1. Introduction: [10 Hrs]
1. Meaning- Definition and scope of sociology
2. Its relation to Anthropology, Psychology, Social Psychology.
3. Methods of Sociological investigations- Case study, social survey,

questionnaire, Interview and opinion poll methods.
4. Importance of its study with special reference to Health Care Professionals.
2. Social Factors in Health and disease situations: [ 5 Hrs]
1. Meaning of social factors
2. Role of social factors in health and illness
3. Socialization: [ 5 Hrs]
1. Meaning and nature of socialization
2. Primary, Secondary and Anticipatory socialization
3. Agencies of socialization
4. Social Groups: [ 5 Hrs]

39
1. Concepts of social groups, influence of formal and informal groups on health

and sickness. The role of primary groups and secondary groups in the hospital
and rehabilitation setup.
5. Family: [ 10 Hrs]
1. The family, meaning and definitions.
2. Functions of types of family
3. Changing family patterns
4. Influence of family on the individuals health, family and nutrition, the effects
of sickness in the family and psychosomatic disease and their importance to
physiotherapy.
6. Community: [ 5 Hrs]
1. Rural community: Meaning and features -Health hazards of ruralities, health

hazards to tribal community.
2. Urban community: Meaning and features-Health hazards of urbanities.
7. Culture and Health: [ 10 Hrs]
1. Concept of Health
2. Concept of Culture
3. Culture and Health.
4. Culture and Health Disorders
8. Social Change : [10 Hrs]
1. Meaning of social changes.
2. Factors of social changes.
3. Human adaptation and social change

40
4. Social change and stress.
5. Social change and deviance.
6. Social change and health programme
7. The role of social planning in the improvement of health and rehabilitation.
9. Social Problems of disabled: [ 15 Hrs]
Consequences of the following social problems in relation to sickness and disability,

remedies to prevent these problems.
1. Population explosion
2. Poverty and unemployment
3. Beggary
4. Juvenile delinquency
5. Prostitution
6. Alcoholism
7. Problems of women in employment
8. geriatric problems
9. Problems of underprivileged.
10. Social Security : [ 5 Hrs]
Social security and social legislations in relation to the disabled.
11. Social worker: [ 10Hrs]
1. Meaning of Social Work
2. The role of a Medical Social Worker
Recommended Text Books
1. Sachdeva and Vidyabushan, Introduction to the study of sociology
2. INDRANI T K, Text Books of Sociology for Graduates Nurses and

Physiotherapy Students, JP Brothers, New Delhi, 10
FIRST AID & NURSING

41
Course Description
At the completion of this course the student of First Aid and CPR must be able
to identify and manage situation of common emergencies.
Subject Title : First Aid & Nursing

Total Hours : 60
Theory : 30Hours
Practical : 30 Hours
Total Hours/week : 2 Hours
THEORY (FIRST AID) [20 Hrs]
1. Importance of First Aid in Physiotherapy,

2. Examination of Vital Signs.
3. First Aid in cardiac arrest.
4. First Aid in Respiratory failure.
5. First Aid in Burns.
6. First Aid in Electric shock.
7. First Aid in Drowning.
8. First Aid in Spinal cord injuries.
9. First Aid in Hypovolemic Shock.
10. First Aid in Poisoning
11. Instrumentation used in First Aid (First Aid kit).
12. First Aid in RTA.
13. Indication of CPR.
14. Assessment and technique of CPR.
15. Artificial ventilation.
THEORY (NURSING) [10 Hrs]
1. What is Nursing ? Nursing principles. Inter-Personnel relationships. Bandaging :

Basic turns; Bandaging extremities; Triangular Bandages and their application.
42
2. Nursing Position: Environment safety; Bed making, prone, lateral, dorsal, dorsal
recumbent, Flower‘s positions, comfort measures, Aids and rest and sleep,
3. Lifting and Transporting Patients : Lifting Patients up in the bed. Transferring

from bed to wheel chair. ―Transferring from bed to stretcher‖.
4. Bed side Management : Giving and taking Bed pan, Urinal : Observation of
stools, urine. Observation of sputum, Understand use and care of catheters, enema
giving.
5. Methods of Giving Nourishment: Feeding, Tube feeding, drips, transfusion
6. Care of Rubber Goods: Observation, Reporting and Recording Temperature,

Respiration and Pulse, Simple aseptic Technique, Sterilization and Disinfection.
7. Surgical Dressing : Observation of dressing
8. Procedures
Recommended Textbooks
1. First aid in emergency - St-john. Ambulance Association.
2. Physiotherapy for burns & Reconstruction -Glassey.
3. Surgical & Medical Procedures for Nurses & Paramedical staff- Nathan.
4. First aid & management of general injuries & common ailments-Gupta & Gupta
ORIENTATION TO PHYSIOTHERAPY
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Subject Title : Orientation to Physiotherapy

Duration : 0 - 12 Months
Total Hours : 90
Theory : 90 Hrs
Total Hours/week : 2Hr
43
THEORY
I Patterns of Health Care Delivery:

a. National Trends and resources
b. Local trends and resources
c. Overview of Health Science Professions
II Components of Physiotherapy Profession:

a. History of Medical Therapeutics
b. History of Physiotherapy
c. Overview of Health Science Professions
III Role of Physiotherapy in meeting Health Care Needs in India.
a. Needs versus Demands of
b. Physiotherapist as ‗Educator‘
c. Typical Job settings
d. Common problems and solutions.
Introduction of Physical Assessment, Physical Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
IV. Responsibility Characteristics of being a professional
BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION
Subject : BIOCHEMISTRY & NUTRITION

Duration : 0 – 12 months
Total hours : 120
Theory : 60 + 60
Total hours/ week : 2.5 + 2.5 hours
44
Course Description
At the completion of this course the student will have a basic knowledge about the
importance of Biochemistry and an understanding of Principles of Nutrition. Such
that he/ she shall be able to utilize it in the practice of physiotherapy.
THEORY
BIOCHEMISTRY
Total Hours 60
1. Cell (6 hours)
Introduction, Cell structure, Cell membrane structure & function, various
types of absorption. Intracellular & their function.
2. Carbohydrates (8 hours)
Definition General Classification with examples, Sources & Functions,
Digestion and absorption, metabolism of carbohydrates, with emphasis on
glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, HMP shunt pathway. Inborn errors associated
with carbohydrates metabolism, regulation of blood glucose level, diabetes
mellitus(aetiology, biochemical abnormalities, biochemical basis of
complications, lab diagnosis)
3. Lipid chemistry (6 hours)

Definition General Classification with examples, Sources & Functions,
Digestion and absorption, metabolism of Lipids(fatty acid oxidation-beta and
alpha oxidation,cholesterol synthesis,) Phospholipids, inborn errors,
Atherosclerosis.
4. Proteins and amino acids (6 hours)

Definition General Classification with examples, & Functions, Digestion and
absorption, metabolism of Proteins glycin,
phenylalanine,thyrosine,,Aminoacidurias
5. Integration of metabolism and ETC(2 hours)
6. Vitamins (4 hours)
Definition, classification according to solubility, Major Individual vitamins –
sources digestion, absorption, deficiency.
7. Mineral metabolism (3 hours)

Definition, Digestion, absorption, function. Examples of Disorders of
individual
Minerals Iron Copper.
45
8. Water and Electrolyte Balance ( 6 hour)

Water distribution in the body, Body water, water turn over, Regulation of
water balance, Distribution of electrolytes Electrolyte balance, Acid-base
balance
9. Nucleotide ,nucleic acid chemistry: Nucleotide chemistry, nucleotide

composition and function of free nucleotides in the body, nucleic acid(DNA
and RNA)chemistry, difference between DNA and RNA,structure of DNA
,function of RNA,structure and function of RNA.(2 hours)
10. Clinical Bio chemistry ( 6 hours)

Normal level of blood & urine constituents, Relevance of blood & urine level
of glucose, , Renal and Liver function tests
10.Detoxification(2 hours)
11.Enzymes:Definition ,classification,factors affecting enzyme activity,

diagnostic enzymology(2 hours)
12.Hormones:Definition,classification,mechanism of action(2 hours).
13. Procedures in Bio chemistry ( 3 hours)

Electrophoresis Chromatography, RIA ,ELISA
14. Radioactivity ( 2 hours)

Diagnostics, Research & therapeutic applications Radiation hazards
NUTRITION
Subject : Nutrition
Duration : 0 – 12 months
Theory : 60
Total hours/ week : 2.5 hours
1. Introduction to nutrition, Role of nutrition in maintaining health. Nutritional

problems in India. Factors affecting food and nutrition: socio - economic,
46
cultural, tradition, production, system of distribution, life style and food

habits etc. (10 Hrs)
2. Classification of foods. Food standards. Elements of nutrition: macro and
micro.
Energy, Unit of Energy – Kcal. Energy requirements of different categories
of people.
Measurements of energy. Body Mass Index (BMI). Basal Metabolic Rate
(BMR) –
determination and factors affecting. Respiratory Quotient (RQ), Specific
Dynamic Action
(SDA). (5 hrs)
3. Carbohydrates : Caloric Value, Recommended daily allowances. Dietary

sources. Functions. Malnutrition: Deficiencies and Over consumption.(5
hrs)
4. Fats: Caloric Value, Recommended daily allowance. Dietary sources,

Functions. Malnutrition: Deficiencies and Over consumption.(5 hrs)
5. Proteins: Caloric Value, Biological Value (BV), Recommended daily

allowance. Dietary sources. Functions. Malnutrition: Deficiencies and Over
consumption.(5 hrs)
6. Vitamins: Caloric Value, Biological Value (BV), Recommended daily

consumption.(5 hrs)
7. Minerals Caloric Value, Biological Value (BV), Recommended daily

consumption.(5 hrs)
8. Balanced diet: Elements, Food groups. Recommended Daily Allowance.
Nutritive value of foods. Understanding of balanced diet for different
categories of people and patients Planning menu. (5Hrs)
47
9. Assessment of nutritional status- Objectives. Diet survey – objectives and

methods.(5 hrs)
10. Introduction to therapeutic diets : Types of Modification in diets Diets in
fever Diarrhoea Constipation Ulcers Diabetese atherosclerosis Renl Failure
and Obesity (10 hrs)
Recommended books:
1. Text of Biochemistry for Medical students by Vasudevan & Sreekumari.

2. Text book of Dietetics by Sreelexmi. B
3. Harper‘s Biochemistry by Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner and Victor
W. Rodwell.
4. Handbook of food& Nutrition, Dr. Swaminathan M. The Bangalore Printing
& Publishing Co, Lts.
5. Food & Nutrition facts & figures, Gupta L C, et al. New Delhi, Jaypee.
6. Nutrition & Dietetics for Health care. Barrer M Helen.
7. Text book of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics, Raheena Beegam.M. A .New
Delhi, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
COMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
Subject Title : ENGLISH

Duration : 0 - 12 Months
Total Hours : 60
Theory : 60 Hrs
Total Hours/week : 3Hr
Course description:
This course is designed to help the student acquire a good command and
comprehension of the English language through individual, papers and conferences.
THEORY
Behavioral Objectives:
The student at the end of training is able to
48
1. Read and comprehend English language

2. Speak and write grammatically correct English
3. Appreciates the value of English literature in personal and professional life,
Unit-I:
Introduction: [5 Hrs]
Study Techniques
Organization of effective note taking and logical processes of analysis and synthesis
The use of the dictionary Enlargement of vocabulary Effective diction
Unit - II: [5 Hrs]
Applied Grammar:
Correct usage
The structure of sentences
The structure of paragraphs
Enlargements of Vocabulary
Unit - III: [5 Hrs]
Written Composition:
Precise writing and summarizing
Writing of bibliography
Enlargement of Vocabulary
Unit – IV [5 Hrs]
Reading and comprehension
Review of selected materials and express oneself in one‘s words.
Enlargement of Vocabulary. .
Unit -V[5 Hrs]
The Study of Various Forms of Composition Paragraph, Essay, Letter,
Summary, Practice in writing
Unit – VI [35 Hrs]
Verbal communication:
Discussions and summarization, Debates, Speech and Oral Verbal Communication: Discussions
and report making and their use in teaching.
Recommended Books
1. English Grammar Collins, Birmingham University, International Language Data Base, Rupa &
Co. 1993
49
2. Wren and Martin - Grammar and Composition, 1989, Chanda.& Co, Delhi
3. Letters for all Occassions.A S Myers. Pub - Harper Perennial
4. Spoken English V Shasikumar and P V Dhanija_ Pub. By: Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi
5. Journalism Made Simple , D Wainwright
6. Writers Basic Bookshelf Series, Writers Digest series
7. Interviewing by Joan Clayton Platkon
8. Penguin Book of Interviews.
BPT IInd YEAR
ELECTROTHERAPY
Course Description
In this course the student will learn the Principles, Techniques, Effects,
Indications, Contra-indication and the dosage parameters for various electro
therapeutic modalities in the restoration of physical function. The objective of this
course is that after specified hours of lectures, demonstration, practical and clinics the
student will be able to independently prescribe and carry out the Physiotherapy
treatment using electrotherapy aids in various clinical conditions.
Subject title ELECTROTHERAPY
Duration 13 - 24 Months
Total Hours 240
Theory 120 Hrs
Practical 120 Hrs
Total Hours/week 8 Hrs
THEORY
Section I – Introductory Physics. [10 Hrs]
1. Electricity definition, types

2. Static electricity
a. Production of electrical charges.
b. Characteristics of charged body.
c. Characteristics of lines of force.
d. Potential difference and EMG.
3. Current Electricity
a. Units of Electricity, Faraday, volt, ampere, coulomb, watt.
50
b. Resistance in series and parallel.

c. Ohms law and its application to DC/AC.
d. Fuse.
e. Shock: Micro/Macro shocks, safety precaution and management, earthing
techniques&precautions.
f. Burns: electrical & chemical burns, prevention and management.
g. Condensors: definition, principles, types construction, working and uses.
4.Magnetism: Definition, properties, electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic
spectrum.
5. Valves, transformers, types, principles, construction and working.
6.Ionization: Principles, effects of various technique of medical ionization.
Section II – Therapeutic Electricity

Section II A – Low frequency Currents [ 35 Hrs]
1. Basic types of current. [ 5 Hrs]

a. Direct Current: types, physiological & therapeutic effects.
b. Alternating Current
2. Types of current used in therapeutics

Modified DC
Faradic Current
Galvanic Current
Modified AC
Sinusoidal Current
Diadynamic Current
3. Faradic Current; Definition, Modifications, Techniques of application of

individual, muscle stimulation, Physiological & Therapeutics effects of faradic
Current, Precautions, Indications, & Contra indications, Dangers.
4. Galvanic Currents: Definition, Modifications, Physiological & Therapeutics

effects of Galvanic Current, Indications, & Contraindications, Dangers. Effects of
Interrupted galvanic current on normally innervated and denervated muscles and
partially denervated muscles
51
5. Sinusoidal Current & diadynamic Current in Brief.
6. HVPGS - Parameters & its uses.
7.Ionization / lontophoresis : Techniques of Application of lontophoresis,

Indications ,Selection of Current, Comrnonly used lons (drugs) for pain,
hyperhydrosis, wound healing, calcium deposits, sclerolytic action, fungal infection,
edema reduction, inflammation & plantar warts. Current Amplitude and Treatment
duration iontophoresis
8. Cathodal/ Anodal galvanism.

9. Micro Current & Macro Current
10. Types of Electrical Stimulators
NMES- Construction component.
Neuro muscular diagnostic stimulator-construction cornponent.
Components and working Principles.
11. Principles of Application: Electrode- tissue interface, Tissue lmpedance. Types

of Electrode Size &: Placement of Electrode -'Waterbath, Unipolar. Bi-polar,
Electrode coupling, Current flow in tissues- Lowering of Skin Resistance.
12. Nerve Muscle Physiology: Action Potential, Resting membrane potential,

Propagation of Action Potential, Motor unit. Synapse, Accommodation- Stimulation
of Healthy Muscle. Stimulation of Denervated Muscle, Stimulation for Tissue Repair.
13. TENS: Define TENS, Types of TENS, Conventional TENS, Acupuncture TENS.
Burst TENS, Brief & lntense TENS, Modulated TENS. Types of Electrodes &
Placement of Electrodes, Dosage pararneters, Physiological & Therapeutic ,effects,
lndications & Contraindications.
14. Pain: Define Pain. Theories of Pain (Outline only), Pain Gate Control theory in
detail.
52
Section II B - Electro-diagnosis [15hrs]

1. FG Test
2. SD Curve: Methods of Plotting SD Curve. Apparatus selection, Characters of
Normally innervated Muscle. Characters of Partially Denervated Muscle,
Characters of Completely denervated Muscle. Chronaxie & Rheobase.
3. Nerve conduction velocity studies
4. EMG: Construction of EMG equipment.
5. Bio-feed back.
Section II C - Medium Frequency [ 7 Hrs ]

l.lnterferential Therapy: Define IFT. Principle of Production of Interferential
current, Static lnterference System, Dynamic lnterference system. Dosage
Parameters for IFT, Electrode placement in IFT. Physiological & Therapeutic
effects, lndications & Contraindications.
2. Russian Current
3. Rebox type Current
Section III - Thermo & Actinotherapy (High Frequency Currents) [ 35 Hrs ]
1. Physical Principles of Thermal energy: Specific heat, Modes of heat transfer,

Effects, contraindications, precautions & adverse effects of Thermotherapy
2. Electro Magnetic Spectrum.
3. SWD: Define short wave, Frequency & Wavelength of SWD, Principle of
Production of SWD, Circuit diagram &: Production of SWD. Methods of Heat
Production by SWD treatment. Types of SWD Electrode, Placement & Spacing of
Electrodes, Tuning- Testing of SWD Apparatus, Physiological & Therapeutic effects,
lndications & Contraindications, Dangers, Dosage parameters.
4. Pulsed Electro Magnetic Energy: Principles, Production & Parameters of PEME.
Uses of PEME.
5. Micro Wave Diathermy: Define Microwave, Wavelength & Frequency,
Production ofMW Applicators, Dosage Parameters. Physiological Therapeutic
effects. Indications & Contraindications. Dangers of MWD.
6. Ultrasound: Deflne Ultrasound. Frequency, Piezo Electric effects: Direct.
Reverse, Production of US, Treatment Dosage Parameters: Continous & Pulsed mode
53
lntensity. US Fields: Near Field- Far Field Half VaIue distance. Attenuation, Coupling
Media Thermal Effects. Non-thermal effects.Principles - Application of US: Direct
contact. Water bag, Water bath. Solid sterile gel pack method for wound. Uses of US,
Indications & Contraindications. Dangers sof Ultrasound. Phonophoresis: Deflne
Phonophoresis, Methods of application, Commonly used drugs. Uses. Dosages of US.
7. IRR: Define IRR, wavelength & parameters Types of IR generators, Production
of IR, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Duration frequency of treatrnent.
lndication & Contraindication,
8. UVR: Define UVR- Types of UVR, UVR generators:Types of lamps, Theraktin
tunnel. Psoralen Photochemotherapy, Mechanism of action, PUVA apparatus, PUVA
regimen. Physiological & Therapeutic Effects.
9. LASER: Define LASER. Types of LASER . Principles of Production. Production
of LASER by various methods. Methods of application of LASER. Dosage of
LASER. Physiological & Therapeutic effects of LASER. Safety precautions otf
LASER. Classifications of LASER. Energy density & power density.
Section IV - Superficial heating Modalities. [ 18 Hrs ]
1. Wax Therapy: Principle of Wax Therapy application - latent Heat. Composition
of Wax Bath Therapy unit Methods of application of Wax, Physiological &
Therapeutic effects lndications & Contraindications. Dangers.
2.Contrast Bath: Methods of application. Therapeutic uses, lndications &
Contraindications.
3.Moist Heat Therapy: Hydro collator packs - in brief, Methods of applications.
Therapeutic: uses. lndications & Contraindications.
4.Cyclotherm: Principles of production. Therapeutic uses, lndications &
Contraindications.
5. Fluidotherapy: Construction, Method of application. Therapeutic uses,
lndications & Contraindications
6.Whirl Pool Bath: Construction Method of Application, Therpeutic Uses.
lndications & Contraindications.
7. Magnetic Stimulation. Principles Therapeutic uses. lndications &
contraindications.
8. Cryotherapy: Define- Cryotherapy. Principle- Latent heat of fusion. Physiological
Therdpeutic effects, Techniques of Applications, lndications Contraindications &
Dangers. Methods of application with dosages.
54
PRACTICAL [ 120 Hrs ]

The student of Electrotherapy must be able to demonstrate the use of electrotherapy
modalities applying the principles of electrotherapy with proper techniques. Choice of
dosage parameters and safety precautions.
1. Demonstrate the technique for patient evaluation - receiving the patient and
positioning the patient for treatment using electrotherapy.
2. Collection of rnaterials required for treatment using electrotherapy modalities and
testing of the apparatus.
3. Demonstrate placement of electrodes; for various electrotherapy modalities
4. Electrical stimulation for the muscles supplied by the peripheral nerves
5. Faradism under Pressure for UL and LL
6. Plotting of SD curve with chronaxie and rheobase.
7. Demonstrate FG test
8. Application of Ultrasound for different regions various methods of application
9. Demostrate treatment techniques using SWD. IRR and Microwave diathermy
10. Demonstrate treatment method using IFT for various regions
11. Calculation of dosage and tecnnique of application of LASER
12. Technique of treatment and application of Hydrocollator packs, cryotherapy,
contrast bath. Wax therapy
13. Demonstrate the treatment method using Whirl pool bath
14. Winding up procedure after any electrotherapy treatment method.
15. Demonstration of methods for basic maintenance and repair of all Electrotherapy
Equipments.
l. Claytons Electrotherapy by Forster Plastangs
2. Electrotherapy Explained by Low & Reed
3. Clinical Electrotherapy by Nelson
4. Electrotherapy Evidene based practice by Sheila Kitchen
5. Physical agents by Michile Cameroon
6. PrincipIes of Electrotherapy by Michile Camreoon
7. Thermal agents by Susan Michlovitz.
8. Therapeutic modalities for physical therapists by William E Prentice
55
EXERCISE THERAPY
Course Description
In this course, the student will learn the principles and effects of exercise as a
therapeutic modality and will learn the independent prescription of exercises for
restoration maintenance and enhancement of physical function among healthy
individuals, among diseased and disabled, across various age groups be it individual,
group or mass prescription of therapeutic and fitness exercises.
Subject Title : EXERCISE THERAPY

Total hours : 240
Theory : 120 hrs
Practical : 120 hrs
THEORY
1. Mechanical Principles: [ 3 Hrs]

Force, Mechanics of Positions – gravity, COG, LOG, base, equilibrium, fixation,
stabilization. Mechanics of movement – axis, plane, speed, velocity, work,
energy, power, acceleration, momentum, inertia, friction.
Simple machines, Pendulums& Elasticity – levers, pulleys, elasticity
2. Introduction to Exercise Therapy [7 Hrs]
The aims of exercise therapy

The techniques of exercise therapy
Approach to patients problems
Assessment of patients condition
Measurements of vital parameters
Starting positions- Fundamental positions & derived positions
Planning of treatment
3. Methods of testing [ 10 Hrs]
a) Functional tests
b) Measurement of joint range: ROM-Definition. Normal ROM for all
peripheral joints & spine, Goniometer-parts, types, principles, uses
measurements of ROM for all peripheral joints
c) Test for neuromuscular deficiency
56
* Electrical tests
* Manual muscle testing: introduction to MMT principles and aims.
Indications and limitation. Techniques of MMT for group and individual
muscles: techniques of MMT for upper limb/techniques of MMT for lower
limb, techniques of MMT for spine
* Anthropometric measurements: Muscle girth- biceps, triceps, forearm,
quadriceps, calf
* Static Power Test
* Dynamic power test
* Endurance test
* Speed test
d) Test for co-ordination

e) Tests for sensations
f) Pulmonary function tests
g) Measurement of Limb Length: True limb length, apparent limb length,
segmental limb length.
h) Measurement of the ankle of pelvic inclination
4. Relaxation [ 5 Hrs]
Definitions: Muscle tone, postural tone, voluntary movement, degrees of
relaxations, pathological tension in muscle, stress mechanics, types of stresses,
effect of stress on the body mechanism, Indications of Relaxations, methods
and techniques of relaxation- principles and uses, General, local, Jacobson‘s,
Mitchell‘s. Traditional Indian methods of Meditation as per Yoga.
5. Passive movements[ 5 Hrs]
Causes of immobility, classification of passive movements, specific
definitions related to passive movements, Principles of giving passive
movements, Indications, contraindications, effects of uses, techniques of
giving passive movements.
6. Active movements [ 13 Hrs]
Definition of strength, power and work, endurance, muscle actions.
Physiology of muscle performance: structure of skeletal muscle, chemical &
mechanical events during contraction and relaxation, muscle fiber type, motor
unit, force gradation.
Causes of decreased muscle performance
Physiologic adaptations to training: strength and power, endurance
Facilitation and Inhibition Techniques
Types of active movements;

Free exercise: Classification, principles, techniques, indications,
contraindications, effects and uses.
57
Active assisted exercise: principles, techniques, indications, contraindications,

effects and uses.
Assisted-resisted exercise: principles, techniques, indications,
contraindications, effects and uses.
Resisted exercise: Definition, principles, indication, contra indications,
precaution and techniques, effect and uses.
Graded re-education technique on different groups of muscle
Types of resisted exercise: Manual and mechanical resistance exercise,
isometric exercise, Dynamic exercise: concentric and exentric dynamic
exercise: constant versus variable resistance, isokinetic exercise, open-chain
and closed-chain exercises. Delayed onset muscle soreness.
Breathing Exercises: definition, types, indications &contraindications
Forced Expiratory Techniques
Postural Drainage: Types, Positions, indications, contraindications,
modifications &
manual techniques
Specific exercise Regimens: Isotonic- de Lormes, oxford, Macqueen, circuit
weight training, Isometric: BRIME (Brief Resisted Isometric Exercise),
Multiple ankle isometric. Isokinetic regimens
Plyometric Exercises
7. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation [ 10 Hrs]
Definitions and goals
Basic neurophysiologic principles of PNF: Muscular activity, diagonal
patterns of movement: upper limb lower limb
Procedure: components of PNF
Techniques of facilitation
Mobility: contract relax, hold relax, rhythmic initiation.
Strengthening: Slow reversals, repeated contractions, timing for emphasis,

rhythmic stabilization.
Stability: Alternating isometric, rhythmic stabilization.
Skill: timing for emphasis, resisted progression Endurance: slow reversals,
agonist reversal
8. Suspension Therapy [ 5 Hrs]
Definition, principles, equipments & accessories, Indications &
contraindications, Benefits of suspension therapy
Types of suspension therapy: axial, vertical, pendular. Techniques of
suspension therapy for upper limb
Techniques of suspension therapy for lower limb
9. Functional Re-education [ 10 Hrs]
Lying to sitting: Activities on the Mat/Bed, Movement and stability at floor
level; Sitting activities and gait; Lowerlimb and Upperlimb activities.
10. Aerobic Exercise [ 5 Hrs]
Definition and key terms; Physiological response to aerobic exercise,
Examination and evaluation of aerobic capacity - Exercise Testing,
Determinants of an Exercise Program. The Exercise Program, Normal and
abnormal response to acute aerobic exercise, Physiological changes that occur
58
with training, Application of Principles of an Aerobic conditioning program

for patients - types and phases of aerobic training.
11. Stretching [8 Hrs]
Definition of terms related to stretching; Tissue response towards
immobilization and elongation, Determinants of stretching exercise. Effects of
stretching, inhibition and relaxation procedures. Precautions and
contraindications of stretching, Techniques of stretching. Facilitated
stretching
12. Manual Therapy & Peripheral Joint, Soft tissue & Neural tissue
Mobilization [ 10 Hrs]
Schools of Manual Therapy, Principles, Grades, Indications and
Contraindications, Effects and Uses - Maitland, Kaltenborn, Mulligan
Biomechanical basis for mobilization, Effects of joint mobilization.
Indications and contraindications, Grades of mobilization, Principles of
mobilization, Techniques of mobilization for upper limb, lower ' limb.
Precautions.
Concepts of Mckenzie exercise protocol.
Introduction to Muscle Energy Technique.
Basics of Neurodynamics, Nerve tension testing & Neural tissue Mobilization
Basics of Myofascial Release & Trigger Point Release: Indications,
Contraindications, Precautions & Protocol
History and Classification of Massage Technique Principles, Indications
and Contraindications Technique of Massage Manipulations
Physiological and Therapeutic Uses of Specifi c manipulations
13. Balance [ 3 Hrs]
Definition
Physiology of balance: contributions of sensory systems, processing sensory
information,
generating motor output Components of balance (sensory, musculoskeletal,
biomechanical)
Causes of impaired balance, Examination & evaluation of
impaired balance. Activities o r treating impaired balance:
mode, posture, movement, Precautions & contraindications, Types
Balance retraining.
14. Co-ordination Exercise [ 3 Hrs]
Anatom y & Physiology of cerebellum with its pathways
Definitions: Co-ordination, Inco-ordination Causes for Inco-
ordination, Test for co-ordination: equilibrium test, non equilibrium
test Principles of co-ordination exercise Frenkel's Exercise, Tai Chi
etc progression, home exercise.
15. Posture [ 2 Hrs]
Definition, Active and Inactive Postures, Postural Mechanism,
Patterns of Posture, Principles of reeducation: corrective methods
and techniques. Patient education.
59
16. Walking Aids [ 5 Hrs]

Types, Measurements, Prescription, Training & Evaluation: Crutches,
Canes, Frames
17. Hydrotherapy [ 5 Hrs]
Definitions, Goals and indications. Precautions and Contraindications,
Properties of water. Use of special equipments, techniques. Effects
and uses, merits and demerits
18. Individual and Group Exercises [ 1 Hrs]
Advantages and Disadvantages, Organisation o f Group exercises.
Recreational Activities and Sports f o r g r o u p s a n d m a s s
gathering.
19. Introduction to Yoga [ 8 Hrs]
Asanas - Classification Principles methods and Techniques
Pranayamas – Classification Principles. Methods and
Techniques
Meditation - Classification Principles. Methods and
Techniques
PRACTICALS [120 Hrs]

The students of exercise therapy are to be trained in Practical Laboratory
w o r k for all the topics discussed in theory. The student must understand
how to evaluate and apply j u d i c i o u s l y the different methods of exercise
therapy techniques on the Patients. They must be able to;
1. Demonstrate the technique of measuring using goniometry
2. Demonstrate muscle strength using the principles and technique of

MMT
3. Demonstrate – Basic Asana, Pranayama and Meditation methods
4. Demonstrate the PNF techniques
5. Demonstrate exercises for training co-ordination – Frenkel‘s

exercises
6. Demonstrate the techniques of massage manipulations
7. Demonstrate technique for functional re-education
8. Assess and train for using walking aids
9. Demonstrate mobilization of individual joint regions
10. Demonstrate to use the technique of suspension therapy for

mobilizing and strengthening joints and muscles
11. Demonstrate the techniques for muscle stretching
12. Assess and evaluate posture and gait

60
13. Demonstrate to apply the technique of passive movements
14. Demonstrate various techniques of active movements
15. Demonstrate techniques of strengthening muscles using resisted

exercises
16. Demonstrate techniques for measuring limb length and body

circumference
Desirable –
Individual and group exercises in Hydrotherapy Pool.
1. Therapeutic exercises by Barbara Bandi
2. Therapeutic exercise by Carolyn kisner
3. Principles of exercise therapy by M. Dena Gardiner
4. Practical exercises therapy by Hollis Margaret
5. Therapeutic exercises by Sydney Litch
6. Therapeutic exercises by Hall & Brody
7. Therapeutic exercises by Basmajjian
8. Physical rehabilitation by O. Sullivan
9. Beard's Massage: Principles and Practice of Soft Tissue Manipulation,

Giovanni DeDomenico
10. Principles of muscle testing by Hislop
11. Manual Therapy “NAGS”, “SNAGS”, “ MWMS” etc by Brian R. Mulligan
12. Myofascial Release Manual by Carol J. Manheim
13. Mobilization of Nervous System by David Butler
14. The Cervical and Thoracic spine Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy by R A
McKenzie
15. The Lumbar spine Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy by R A McKenzie
16. Muscle energy techniques by Leon Chaitow

61
17. Manual mobilization of the Joints: the kaltenborn method of Joint

Examination and treatment; Vol.1 – Extremities, Vol.2 – Spine: by F
kaltenborn and Olaf Evjenth
18. Facilitated Stretching by Robert E McAtee and Jeff Charland

Subject title PHARMACOLOGY
Duration 13 - 24 Months
Total Hours 90
Theory 90 Hrs
19. Light on Yoga by BKS Iyengar

20. Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain: by Kendall& Kendall
PHARMACOLOGY
Course Description
This course introduces the student to basic pharmacology of common drugs

used, their importance in the overall treatment including Physiotherapy. The
student after completing the course will be able to understand the general
principles of drug action and the handling of drugs by the body. The student
will be aware of the contribution of both drug and physiotherapy factors in the
outcome of treatment.
THEORY
1. General Pharmacology [ 15 Hrs ]

Introduction,Definition,Classification of drugs, Source of drugs, Routes of
drug administration, Distribution of drugs, Metabolism and Excretion of
drugs, Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, Factors modifying drug
response, Adverse effects.
2. Autonomic Nervous System [ 10 hrs ]
General considerations - The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic System,
Receptors, Somatic Nervous System Cholinergic and Anti-Cholinergic drugs,
Adrenergic and Adrenergic blocking drugs, Peripheral muscle relaxants.
3. Cardiovascular Pharmacology [ 14 Hrs ]
Drugs used in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Digitalis, Diuretics,
62
Vasodialators, ACE inhibitors, Antihypertensive drugs: Diuretics, Beta

blockers , Calcium Channel Blockers. ACE inhibitors, Vasodilators &
Antiarrhythmic Drugs.
Drugs used in the Treatment of Vascular Disease and Tissue Ischemia: Vascular
drugs- Hemostasis Lipid-Lowering agents, Antithrombotics, Anticoagulants and
Thrombolytics
Drugs used in the treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease- Nitrates, Beta-Blockers,
Calcium Channel Blockers
Drugs used in the treatment of Cerebral Ischemia & Peripheral Vascular Disease
4. Neuropharmacology [ 10 Hrs ]
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs: Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines
Antianxiety Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Other Anxiolytics
Drug used in Treatment of Mood Disorders: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors,
Tricyclic, Antidepressants, Lithium, Antipsychotic drugs
5. Disorders of Movement [ 8 Hrs ]
Drugs used in Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Antiepileptic Drugs
Spasticity and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
6. Inflammatory/Immune Diseases [ 15 Hrs ]
Non- narcotic Analgesic and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs:
Acetaminophen, NSAIDs. Aspirin, Non aspirine NSAIDs,
Glucocorticoids: Pharmacological uses & Physiologic uses of Glucocorticoids,
adverse effects.
Drugs used in Treatment of Arthritic Disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis,
Osteoarthritis, Gout
Drug used in the Treatment of Neuromuscular Immune/Inflammmatory
Diseases; Myasthenia gravis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies, Systemic
Lupus Erythmatosus, Scleroderma, Demyelinating Disease
Respiratory Pharmacology: Obstructive Airway Diseases, Drugs used in
Treatment of Obstructive airway Diseases, Allergic Rhinitis
7. Digestion and Metabolism [ 10 Hrs ]
Gastrointestinal Pharmacology: Peptic Ulcers Disease, Constipation,
Diarrhoea
Drug used in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin, Oral Hypoglycaemic
63
drugs.
8. Geriatrics [ 8 Hrs ]
Pharmacology and the geriatrics effects of special concern in the Elderly,
Dementia, Postural hypotension.
1. Lippicott's Pharmacology.
2. Essential of Medical Pharmacology by Tripathi
3. Text book of Medical Pharmacology by Padmaja Udayakumar
4. Pharmacology by N. Murugesh
5. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics by Sadoskar.
MICROBIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY
Course Description
This subject follows the basics of anatomy, physiology and biochemistry and it forms
a vital link between preclinical subjects and clinical subjects. Pathology involves the
study of causes and mechanism of diseases. Microbiology involves the study of
common organisms causing diseases including nosocomial infections and
precautionary measures to protect one form acquiring infections. The knowledge and
understanding of microbiology & pathology of diseases is essential to institute
appropriate treatment or suggest preventive measures to the patient. Particular effort is
made in this course to avoid burdening the student.
MICROBIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY
Subject Title :MICROBIOLOGY

Total Hours : 60 Hrs
Theory : 60Hrs
Total Hours/week : 2 Hrs

64
THEORY
1.General Microbiology [ 7 Hrs ]
Definitions: infections, parasite, host, vector, fomite, contagious disease, infectious

disease, epidemic, endemic, pandemic, Zoonosis, Epizootic, Attack rate.
Normal flora of the human body.
Routes of infection and spread endogenous and exogenous infections source at
reservoir of infections.
Bacterial cell Morphology limited to recognizing bacteria in clinical samples Shape,
motility and arrangement. Structures, which are virulence, associated
Essentials of bacterial growth requirements.
Sterilization, disinfection and universal precautions in relation to patient crire and
disease prevention.
Definition of asepsis, sterilization, disinfection. Antimicrobials: Mode of action,
interpretation of susceptibility tests, resistance spectrum of activity.
2. Immunology [ 5 Hrs ]
Basic principles of immunity immunobiology : lymphoid organs and tissue Antigen,

Antibodies, antigen and antibody reactions with relevance to pathogenesis and
serological diagnosis. Humoral immunity and its role in immunity Cell mediated
immunity and its roie in immunity. Immunology of hypersensitivity. Measuring
immune functions.
3. Bacteriology [15 Hrs ]
To be considered under the following headings Morphology, classification according

to pathogenicity, mode of transmission, methods of prevention, transport of samples,
interpretation of laboratory reports
Staphylococci.
Streptococci and Pneumococci,
Mycobacteria: Tuberculosis. M.leprae. atypical mycobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae
Vibrois : V. cholerae and other medically important vibrios, and
Pseudomonas
Bacillus anthracis
Sporing and non-sporing anaerobes Clostridia,
Bacteroides and Fusobacteria,
4. General Virology [ 8 hrs ]
General properties: basic structure and board classification of virusesImmunity and

prophylaxis of viral diseases. Principles of laboratory diagnosis of viral diseases. List
of commonly used antiviral agents.
5. Mycology: [ 3 Hrs ]
General properties of fungi. Classification based or disease: superficial,

subcutaneous, deep mycosel opportunistic infections including Mycotoxins, systemic
mycoses. Genera] principles of fungal diagnosis... Antifungal agents.
6. Clinical/Applied Microbiology [ 14 Hrs ]
Streptococcal infections: Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic heart disease. Meningitis.

Tuberculosis, Pyrexia of unknown origin, leprosy.
Sexually transmitted diseases.
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Poliomyelitis.
Hepatitis,
Acute-respiratory infections.
Central nervous System infection
Urinary tract infections.
Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Wound infection.
Opportunistic infections,
HIV infection.
Malaria,
Filariasis,
Zoonotic diseases.
Laboratory Works only: [ 8Hrs ]

1. Observation and study of common culture media
2. Observation and study of some clinically important bacteria – Staphylococcus,

Streptococcus, E.coli , Mycobacterium
3. Observation of equipments and procedures used for sterilization and

disinfection
4. Demonstration of stain Gram staining KOH preparation
Acid Fast staining
Recommended Textbooks:
1. Short text book of Medico! Microbiology by Sathish Gupta

2. Text book of Microbiology by Jayaram Panicker
S. Microbiology Parasitiology bv Rajeshwar Reddy
4. Text book of Microbiology by Anantha Narayanan
5. Microbiology by Baveja
6. Text book of microbiology by Chakraborthy
Subject Title PATHOLOGY

Duration 13-24 Months
Total Hours 60
Theory 60 Hrs

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THEORY
General Pathology
1. Introduction to pathology [ 1hrs ]
2. Cell injuries : [ 4 hrs ]
Aetiology and pathogenesis with a brief recall of important aspects of normal
cell structure. Reversible cell injury: Types, sequential changes, cellular
swellings, vacuolation, hyaline changes, mucoid changes. Irreversible cell
injury: Types of necrosis and gangrene. Autolysis. Pathological calcification:
Dystrophic and metastatic, intra cellular accumulations – fatty changes,
protein accumulations, glycogen accumulations. Extra cellular accumulations:
Amyloidosis – classification, pathogenesis, pathology including special stains.
3. Inflammation and repair: [ 3Hrs ]
Acute inflammation: Features, causes, vascular & cellular events.
Inflammatory cells and mediators. Chronic inflammation: Causes, types,
classification non specific and granulomatous with examples. Repair wound
healing by primary and secondary unions, factors promoting and delaying the
process. Healing in specific site including bone healing.
4. Immunopathology: [ 2 Hrs ]
Immune system; General concepts. Hypersensitivity: type and examples,
antibody and cell mediated tissue injury with examples. Secondary immune
deficiency including HIV infection auto immune disorder: Basic concepts and
classification, SLE. AIDS – etiology, modes of transmission, diagnostic
procedures, handling of infected material and health education.
5. Infectious disease: [ 4 Hrs ]
Mycobacterial diseases: Tuberculosis, leprosy and syphilis. Bacterial disease:
Pyogenic, diphtheria, gram negative infection, bacillary dysentery. Viral
diseases: poliomyelitis, herpes, rabies, measles, , HIV infection. Fungal
disease and. Parasitic diseases: Malaria, filaria, amoebiasis.
6. Circulatory disturbances: [ 3 hrs ]
Hyperemia/Ischemia and haemorrhage. Ederna: Pathogenesis and types.
Chronic venous congestion: Lung, liver, spleen. Systemic pathology
thrombosis and embolism; Formation fate and defects. Infarction; Types,
common sites. Shock: Pathogenesis, types, morphologic changes.
7. Growth disturbances and neoplasia: [ 3 Hrs ]
Neoplasia: Definition, classification, biological behavioral benign and
malignant, carcinoma and sarcoma. Malignant neoplasia: Grades and stages,
local and distant spread. Carcinogenesis: Environmental carcinogens,
chemical, viral, occupational, heredity and cellular oncogens and prevention of
cancer.
8. Urinary system: [ 1 Hrs ]
Glomerular nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome, Urinary tract infection, Renal
calculi, Renal carcinomas
9. Nutritional disorders: [ 1 Hrs ]
Protein energy malnutrition: Marasmus, kwashiorkor, and vitamin deficiency
disorders, Obesity. Bulimia.
10. Genetic disorders: [ 2 Hrs ]
Basic concepts of genetic disorders and some common examples and
congenital malformation.
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11.Hematology: [ 4 Hrs ]
Constituents of blood& bone marrow. Regulation
of homeopoesis
Anemia: Classification, clinical features & lab diagnosis.
Nutritional anemia: Iron deficiency anemia, Folic acid, Vit B 12
deficiency anemia including pernicious anemia. Hemolytic
Anaemias: Classification and Investigations. Hereditary hemolytic
anaemias: Thalessemia, Sickle cell anemia, Spherocytosis and Enzyme
deficiencies.
Leukocytic disorders: Leukocytosis, Leukopenis, Leukemoid reaction.
Leukemia: Blood transfusion; Grouping and cross matching, untoward
reactions, transmissible infections including HIV & hepatitis. Blood-
components & plasma-pheresis.
12. Respiratory System [ 3 Hrs ]
Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Asthma, Tuberculosis, Carcinoma
o f lungs, Occupational lung diseases
13. Cardiovascular Pathology [ 3 hrs ]
Congenital Heart disease: Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect,
Fallot's tetralogy. Patent ductus artcriosus. Endocarditis. Rheumatic Heart
disease. Vascular diseases: Atherosclerosis, , Aneurysm and Arteritis and
tumours of Blood vessels. Ischemic heart Disease: Myocardial infarction.
Hypertension and hypertensive heart Disease.
14. Alimentary tract [2 Hrs ]
Oral Pathology: Ulcers, leukoplakia, , Esophagus inflammatory, functional
disorders. Stomach: Gastritis, Ulcer. large Intestine: Polyps, carcinoid,
carcinoma, Lymphoma.
15.Hepato-biliary pathology [ 2 Hrs ]
Jaundice: Types, aetio-pathogenesis and diagnosis. Hepatitis: Acute,
Chronic, neonatal. Alcoholic liver disease common clinical conditions
16. Lymphatic System [2 Hrs]
Lymphadenitis Causes of Lymph Node enlargements common clinical
conditions
17. Musculoskeletal System [6 Hrs]
Osteomyelitis, Metabolic diseases: Rickets/Osteornalacia, osteoporosis,
Hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease. Tumours Classification: Benign,
Malignant, Metastatic and synovial sarcoma. Acute, chronic, Arthritis:
Suppurative, Rheumatoid. Osteoarthritis, Gout, Tuberculous.
Heamarthropathies Diseases of Muscles.
18. Endocrine pathology [3 Hrs]
Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Pathogenesis, Pathology Non-neoplastic lesions
o f Thyroid: Iodine deficiency goiter, autoimmune Thyroiditis,
Thyrotoxicosis, myxedema. Hashimoto's thyroiditis..
I9. Neuropathology: [ 5 Hrs ]
Inflammations and Infections: TB Meningitis,
Pyogenic Meningitis, viral meningitis, Syphilis
and Brain Abscess. Tuberculosis,
CNS Tumors, Astrocytoma, Neuroblastoma, Meningioma, Medulloblastoma
Vascular lesions of CNS Poliomyelitis
Perpheral neuropathies including Diabatic neuropathies,
Parkinsonism
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Dementia - Alzheimer‘s disease

Disorders of spinal cord – SCD, Trauma, Syringomyelia, Tabes dorsalis
Practical [5 Hours]
Demonstration of relevant slides and demonstration of the Lab evidences of

common Neuro Musculoskeletal and Cardio Vascular and pulmonary
Diseases.
1. Text book of pathology by Harshmohan
2. Text book of pathology by Robbins
3. Pathological Implications for Physical Therapists by Catherine Cavallaro

Goodman , Kenda S Fuller
Medical Instrumentation
Course Description.
The Subject is designed to provide an overview in the basics of the medical

equipments that are seen by the students in their clinical practice. The student is to be
able to understand the mechanism of Physiotherapeutic instruments and its repair and
Maintenance.
Subject Title : MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Total Hours : 20
Theory : 20 Hours
Total Hours / Week : 1 Hour/ Week
Theory
1. Micro & Macro shock, source of shock, monitoring & interrupting circuit
from shock
2. Maintenance of equipments – Preventive maintenance, break down
maintenance
3. Short wave diathermy
4. Microwave diathermy
5. Muscle and nerve stimulator
6. UV Rays
7. Stimulators including IFT ( Interferential Therapy )
8. Laser
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9. Ultrasound, Cathode Ray, Oscilloscope

10. ECG Equipment & Technique
11. EMG Equipment & Technique
12. EEG Equipment & Technique
13. Pacemakers, Defibrillators, Ventilators
14. Audiometer, Fiber Optic light source
15. pH Meter
16. Endoscopy
References:
1. Handbook Of Analytical Instruments – R.S Khnadpur.
2. Handbook Of Biomedical Instrumentation – R.S Khnadpur.
3. Biomedical Instrumentation – Dr. M. Arumugham.
4. Biomedical Instruments and Measurements - Cromwell
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Course Description
At the completion of this course the student will have a basic knowledge about computers and how to
deal with different types of programmes, and how to use Computers in education and clinical
practice.
Subject Title : Computer Science

Total Hours : 60
Theory : 30 Hours
Practical : 30Hours
Total Hours/week : 2 Hr
I. [2Hrs]
1. History of computers
2. Type of computer Generation
3. Digital computer Organization
4. Binary number System
II [2 Hrs]
i. Database Management System concepts
ii. Introduction to computer programming and application software
iii. Computer Networks
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a. LAN
b. WAN
c. MAN
d. Internet Concept
III [5 Hrs]
1. Current Operating systems
2. Application Software MS OFFICE 2000 (MS WORD, EXCEL, MS
POWERPOINT
IV [11 Hrs]
1. Application of computers in Health Education Training and Administration.
2. Application to various aspects of Physiotherapy Practice – Biofeedback, Simulations and virtual
reality etc.
V. Practical [40 Hrs]
Recommended Books
1. Computer Network - Andrew S. Tanenbaum
2. Health Information management of a Stratergic Resource - Mervat Abdelhak
BPT III YEAR
GENERAL MEDICINE & GENERAL SURGERY
Subject Description
This subject follows the basic science subjects to provide the knowledge about
relevant aspects of general medicine and surgery. The student will have a general
understanding of the diseases and surgeries that the therapist would encounter in their
practice. The objective of this course is that after 120 hrs of lectures and discussion
the student will be able to list the etiology, pathology, clinical features and treatment
methods for various medical conditions and shall be able to enlist the indications for
surgery, etiology, clinical features and surgical methods for various conditions.
Subject Title : General Medicine & Surgery

Duration : 25 – 36 Months
Total Hours : 90
Theory / Lecture : 3 Hours / Week

Method of Assessment : Written
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1. Infection: Effects of Infection on the body –source and spread of infection –

vaccinations – generalized infections – rashes and infection – food poisoning and
gasteroenteritis – sexually transmitted diseases [3 Hours]
2. Food and Nutrition : Assessment – Nutritional and Energy requirements;

Deficiency diseases – clinical features and treatment; Protein – Energy Malnutrition :
Clinical features and treatment; Obesity and its related disorders : Causes –
Complications – benefits of weight loss – management of Obesity – diet, exercise and
medications.[6 Hours]
3. Endocrine diseases: Common presenting symptoms of Endocrine disease –

common classical disease presentations, clinical features and its management;
Diabetes Mellitus : Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes – clinical manifestations of
the disease – management of the disease – Complications of diabetes. [4 Hours]
4. Diseases of the blood : Examinations of blood disorders – Clinical manifestations

of blood disease; Anemia – signs and symptoms – types and management ;
Hemophilia - Cause – clinical features severity of disease – management –
complications due to repeated haemorrhages – complications due to therapy. [6
Hours]
6. Diseases of the digestive system : Clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal disease

– Aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications and treatment of common
conditions. Infections of Alimentary Tract ; Clinical manifestations of liver diseases -
Aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications and treatment of the common
conditions [7 Hours]
7. Cardiovascular Disease : Examination of the Cardiovascular System –

Investigations : ECG, Exercise Stress Testing, Radiology ; Clinical manifestations of
Cardiovascular disease ; Definition, Etiology, Clinical features, signs and symptoms,
complications, management and treatment of following diseases and disorders of the
heart : Pericarditis, Myocarditis, Endocarditis, Rheumatic Fever – resulting in valve
disorders, Ishemic Heart Disease, Coronary Valve Disease, Congenital disorders of
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the Heart, Cardiac Arrest ; Examination and Investigations of diseases of arteries and
veins ; Hypertension : Definition, causes, classification, types, assessment,
investigations and management. [8 Hours]
8. Respiratory Disease : Examination of the Respiratory System – Investigations :

Chest Radiographs, Pulmonary Function Testing, Arterial Blood Gas Analysis ;
Clinical manifestations of Lung disease ; Patterns of lung disease – Chronic
Obstructive Lung Disease and Restrictive Lung Disease ; Definition, Etiology,
Clinical features, signs and symptoms, complications, management and treatment of
following Obstructive and restrictive lung diseases [9 Hours]
9. Diseases of the Skin: Examination and clinical manifestations of skin diseases;

Causes, clinical features and management of the following skin conditions: Leprosy,
Psoriasis, Vasomotor disorders, Dermatitis, Coccal and Fungal Parasitic and Viral
infections. [4 Hours]
10. Pediatrics: Problems and management of LBW infants, Perinatal problems and
management, Congenital abnormalities and management, Respiratory conditions of
childhood, Cerebral Palsy – causes, complications, clinical manifestations, treatment ;
Spina Bifida – management and treatment, Epilepsies – types, diagnosis and
treatment; Recognizing developmental delay, common causes of delay ; Orthopedic
and Neuromuscular disorders in childhood, clinical features and management ;
Sensory disorders – problems resulting from loss of vision and hearing ; Learning and
behavioural problems – Hyperactivity, Autism, Challenging behaviours, Educational
delay, The Clumsy Child. [8 Hours]
11. Psychiatric Disorders: Classifications, Causes, Clinical manifestations and

treatment methods used in Psychiatry. [5 Hours]
Recommended books:
1. Davidson‘s Principles and Practice of Medicine
2. Harrison‘s Internal Medicine
3. Braunwald Text of Cardiology
4. Text Book of Cardiology by Hurst
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General Surgery
1. Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base disturbances – diagnosis and management ;

Nutrition in the surgical patient ; Scars – types and treatment. Hemostasis –
components, hemostatic disorders, factors affecting bleeding during surgery.
Transfusion therapy in surgery – blood components, complications of transfusion ;
Surgical Infections ; General Post – Operative Complications and its management [6
Hours]
2. Reasons for Surgery ; Types of anaesthesia and its affects on the patient ;
Types of Incisons ; Clips Ligatures and Sutures ; General Thoracic Procedures –
Radiologic Diagnostic procedures, Endoscopy – types, Biopsy – uses and types.
Overview and Drainage systems and tubes used in Surgery.[3 Hours]
3. Causes, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and treatment of the following

Thoracic Trauma situations – Airway obstruction, Pnuemothorax, Hemothorax,
Cardiac Tamponade, Tracheobronchial disruption, Aortic disruption, Diaphragmatic
disruption, Esophageal disruption, Cardiac and Pulmonary Contusions. [4 Hours]
4. Surgical Oncology – Cancer – definition, types, clinical manifestations of

cancer, Staging of Cancer, surgical procedures involved in the management of cancer.
[3 Hours]
5. Disorders of the Chest Wall, Lung and Mediastinum – Definition, Clinical

features, diagnosis and choice of management for the following disorders – chest wall
deformities, Spontaneous Pneumothorax, Pleural Effusion, Empyema Thoracis, Lung
abscess, Bronchiectasis, Tuberculosis, tracheal Stenosis, Carcinoma of the female
breast. [5 Hours]
6. Disorders of the Heart – Definition, Clinical features, diagnosis and choice of

management for the following disorders : Congenital Heart diseases – Acyanotic
congenital heart disease & Cyanotic congenital heart disease : Patent Ductus
Arteriosus, Coarctation of Aorta, Atrial Septal Defect, Ventricular Septal Defect,
Tetraology of Fallot, Transposition of Great
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Vessels ; Acquired Heart Disease – Mitral Stenosis & Insufficiency, Aortic Stenosis
and Insufficeiency, Ischemic Heart Disease – Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiac
tumors. [6 Hours]
7. Thoracic surgeries – Thoracotomy – Definition, Types of Incisions with

emphasis to the site of insision, muscles cut and complications. Lung surgeries
Pnumonectomy, Lobectomy, segmentectomy – Indications, Physiological changes
and Complications ; Thoracoplasty, Pleurectomy, Pleurodesis and Decortication of
the Lung. Cardiac surgeries – An overview of the Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass Machine
– Extracardiac Operations, Closed Heart surgery, Open Heart surgery. Transplant
Surgery – Heart, Lung and Kidney – Indications, Physiological changes and
Complications. [6 Hours]
8. Diseases of the Arteries and Veins : Definition, Etiology, Clinical features,

signs and symptoms, complications, management and treatment of following diseases
: Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Aneurysm, Buerger‘s disease, Raynaud‘s Disease,
Thrombophlebitis, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Pulmonary Embolism, Varicose Veins. [5
Hours]
9. Definition, Indication, Incision, Physiological changes and Complications

following Common operations like Cholecystectomy, Colostomy, Ileostomy,
Gastrectomy, Hernias, Appendicectomy Mastectomy, Neprectomy, Prostectomy. [4
Hours]
10. Burn: Definition, Classification, Causes, Prevention, Pathological changes,

Complications, Clinical Features and Management. Skin Grafts – Types, Grafting
Procedures, Survival of Skin Graft ; Flaps – Types and uses of Flaps. [4 Hours]
11. Womens Health : Menstrual cycle and its disorders. Hormonal disorders of
females-obesity and female hormones. Cancer of the female reproductive organs-
management Infections and sexually transmitted disease in female Menopause - its
effects on emotions and musculoskeletal system. Malnutrition and deficiencies in
females. Maternal physiology in pregnancy. Musculo skeletal disorders during
pregnancy. Prenatal complications-investigations- management. Child birth- Stages
complications-investigations-management – Pain relief in labour - Purperium - Post
Natal care. Surgical procedures involving child birth. Incontinence – Types, Causes,
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Assessment and Management. Definition, Indications and Management of the

following surgical procedures – Hysterosalphyngography, Dilatation and Curettage,
Laproscopy, Colposopy, Hysterectomy. [8 Hours]
12. ENT: Common problems of ear, otitis media, Otosclerosis, functional achonia
and deafness, management facial palsy classification, medical and surgical
management of lower motor neuron type of facial palsy. [3 Hours]
13. Ophthalmology: Ophthalmologic surgical conditions, refraction‘s,

conjunctivitis, glaucoma, corneal ulcer, iritis, cataract, retinitis, detachment of retina,
defects of extra-ocular muscles surgical management [3 Hours]
Recommended books:
1. General Surgical Operations – by Kirk / Williamson
2. Surgery by Nan
3. Bailey and Love‘s – Short Practice of Surgery
4. Chest Disease by Crofton and Douglas.
5. Patricia A Downie, Text book of Heart, Chest Vascular Disease for
physiotherapists, JP Bros.
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN GENERAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY
Subject Description
The subject is designed to provide knowledge in assessing and planning

physiotherapy interventions for various General, Medical and Surgical conditions.
The student must be able to reassess the patient as necessary, to monitor the patient in
regard to treatment, to monitor the patient‘s vital signs , and to provide appropriate
interventions to the patient considering current evidence based guidelines.
.
Subject Title : Physiotherapy in General Medicine & Surgery
Total Hours : 240Hrs
Theory : 150 Hours
Lecture : 3 Hours / Week
Practicals : : 2 Hours / Week
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Method of Assessment: Written, Oral, Practical
1. Bedside assessment of the patients –ADULT AND PAEDIATRIC [8Hours]

2. Investigations and tests-Exercise tolerance testing-cardiac&pulmonary
,radiographs,PFT,ABG,ECG,,hematological and biochemical tests.(5 Hours)
3. Management of wound ulcers- Care of ulcers and wounds - Care of surgical
scars using electro therapeutics for healing of wounds, prevention of Hyper
granulated Scars Keoloids,
Electrotherapeutics measures for relief of pain during mobilization of scars
tissues. [8 Hours]
4. Physiotherapy in dermatology - Documentation of assessment, treatment and
follow up skin conditions. U.V.R therapy in various skin conditions; Vitiligo;
Hair loss; Pigmentation; Infected wounds ulcers. Faradic foot bath for
Hyperhydrosis. Massage maneuvers for cosmetic purpose of skin Care of
anesthetic hand and foot; (8 Hours)
5. Evaluation, planning and management of leprosy-prescription, fitting and
training of devices and prevention of disability [8 Hours]
6. Introduction toICU:ICU monitoring-apparatus, airways and tubes used in the
ICU,physiotherapy in ICU,dealing with emergency situation in ICU(8 hours )
7. Burns management - Role of physiotherapy in the management of burns, post
grafted cases- Mobilization and Musculo-skeletal restorative exercises
following burns [8 Hours]
8. Physiotherapy management following PVD [6 Hours]
9. Abdominal Surgeries - Management of Pulmonary Restorative function
following Surgical procedures on Abdomen and Thorax [10 Hours]
10. Physiotherapy techniques to increase lung volume-controlled lung
mobilization,positioning,breathing exercises, Mechanical aids-
IPPB,CPAP,IPPB(10 Hours)
11. . Management of Amputations following Diabetes, PVD - Prosthesis in
amputations of lower limbs following ulcers and gangrenes [10 Hours]
12. Physiotherapy intervention in the management of Medical, Surgical and
Radiation Oncology Cases [8 Hours]
13. Physiotherapy techniques to clearing secreations-
hydration,humidification,&nebulization, mobilization and breathing exercises,
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postural drainage, manual techniques ACBT ,autogenic drainage, mechanical

aids like PEP ,IPPB,facilitation of cough and huff
14. Physiotherapy for Plastic surgery and Organ transplantations [5 Hrs]

15. Home program and education of family members in patient care [8 Hours]
16. Physiotherapy in Obstetrics – Physiotherapy in pregnancy. Electrotherapy and
Exercise Therapy measures for the Women‘s health issues [10 Hours]
17. Treatment, Response to exercise and Implications of Physiotherapy in the
following disease conditions: Hypertension, Diabetes, Renal Failure and
Obesity. [8 Hours]
18. .Health Fitness and Promotion : Fitness Evaluation, Analysis of Body
composition, Evaluation and prescription of Exercise, Factors affecting
exercise Performance, Exercise Prescription for Specific groups : Elderly,
Women and Children. [10 Hours]
19. Role of P.T in management of age related diseases and disorders such as –
Osteoporosis, Dementia, Fall prevention and fitness programmes. [10 Hours]
20. Outcome measurement in General surgical and medical Physiotherapy care[10
Hrs]
Recommended books:
Tidy's physiotherapy.
Physical Rehabilitation Assessment and Treatment – O‘Sullivan Schmitz
Cash‘s Text book of General Medicine and Surgical conditions for Physiotherapists.
Physical Therapy for the Cancer patient by M.C Garvey
Physiotherapy in Obstetrics and Gynecology by Polden
CLINICAL ORTHOPEDICS & SPORTS MEDICINE
Subject Description This subject follows the basic science subjects to provide
the knowledge about orthopedic conditions the therapists would encounter in their
practice. The objective of this course is that after 60 hrs of lectures and discussion the
student will be able to demonstrate an understanding of orthopedic conditions causing
disability, list the etiology, clinical features and methods of Investigations and
management.
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Subject Title : CLINICAL ORTHOPEDICS & SPORTS MEDICINE

Total Hours : 60
Theory / Lecture : 2 Hours / Week
Method of Assessment: Written
1. Introduction [3 Hours]
Introduction to orthopaedics. Clinical examination in an Orthopedic patient. Common
investigative procedures. Radiological and Imaging techniques in Orthopeadics.
Inflammation and repair, Soft tissue healing.
2. Traumatology [3 Hours]
Fracture: definition, types, signs and symptoms. Fracture healing. Complications of
fractures. Conservative and surgical approaches. Principles of management –
reduction (open/closed, immobilization etc). Subluxation/ dislocations – definition,
signs and symptoms, management (conservative and operative).
3. Fractures and Dislocations of Upper Limb [6 Hours]

Fractures of Upper Limb - causes, clinical features, mechanism of injury,
complications, conservative and surgical management of the following fractures:
Fractures of clavicle and scapula. Fractures of greater tuberosity and neck of humerus.
Fracture shaft of humerus. Supracondylar fracture of humerus. Fractures of capitulum,
radial head, olecranon, coronoid, and epicondyles. Side swipe injury of elbow. Both
bone fractures of ulna and radius. Fracture of forearm – monteggia, galaezzi fracture –
dislocation. Chauffer‘s fracture.Colle‘s fracture. Smith‘s fracture. Scaphoid fracture.
Fracture of the metacarpals. Bennett‘s fracture. Fracture of the phalanges. (Proximal
and middle.) Dislocations of Upper Limb - Anterior dislocation of shoulder –
mechanism of injury, clinical feature, complications, conservative management
(Kocher‘s and Hippocrates maneuver), surgical management (putti plat, bankart‘s)
etc. Recurrent dislocation of shoulder. Posterior dislocation of
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shoulder – mechanism of injury, clinical features and management. Posterior

dislocation of elbow – mechanism of injury, clinical feature, complications &
management.
4. Fracture of Spine [4 Hours] Fracture of Cervical Spine - Mechanism of injury,
clinical feature, complications (quadriplegia); Management- immobilization (collar,
cast, brace, traction); Management for stabilization, management of complication
(bladder and bowel, quadriplegia). Clay shoveller‘s fracture. Hangman‘s fracture.
Fracture odontoid. Fracture of atlas. Fracture of Thoracic and Lumbar Regions -
Mechanism of injury, clinical features, management —conservative and surgical of
common fractures around thoracic and lumbar regions.Fracture of coccyx. Fracture of
Rib Cage - Mechanism of injury, clinical features, management for Fracture Ribs,
Fracture of sternum.
5. Fractures and Dislocations of Lower Limb [5 Hours] Fracture of Pelvis and Lower
Limb - causes, clinical features, mechanism of injury, complications, conservative and
surgical management of the following fractures: Fracture of pelvis. Fracture neck of
femur – classification, clinical features, complications, management - conservative
and surgical. Fractures of trochanters. Fracture shaft femur—clinical features,
mechanism of injury, complications, management-conservative and surgical.
Supracondylar fracture of femur. Fractures of the condyles of femur. Fracture patella.
Fractures of tibial condyles. Both bones fracture of tibia and fibula. Dupuytren‘s
fracture. Pott‘s fracture – mechanism of injury, management. Bimalleolar fracture
Trimalleolar fracture Fracture calcaneum – mechanism of injury, complications and
management. Fracture of talus. Fracture of metatarsals—stress fractures jone‘s
fracture. Fracture of phalanges. Dislocations of Lower Limb - mechanism of injury,
clinical features, complications, management of the following dislocations of lower
limb. Anterior dislocation of hip. Posterior dislocation of hip. Central dislocation of
hip. Dislocation of patella. Recurrent dislocation of patella.
6. Soft Tissue Injuries [3 Hours] - Define terms such as sprains, strains, contusion,
tendinitis, rupture, tenosynovitis, tendinosis, bursitis. Mechanism of injury of each,
clinical features, managements- conservative and surgical of the following soft tissue
injuries: Meniscal injuries of knee. Cruciate injuries of knee. Medial and lateral
collateral injuries of knee. Lateral ligament of ankle. Wrist sprains. Strains-
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quadriceps, hamstrings, calf, biceps, triceps etc. Contusions- quadriceps, gluteal, calf,
deltoid etc. Tendon ruptures-Achilles, rotator cuff muscles, biceps, pectorals etc.
7. Hand Injuries [2 Hours]- mechanism of injury, clinical features, and management

of the following - Crush injuries. Flexor and extensor injuries. Burn injuries of hand.
8. Amputations [2 Hours] - Definition, levels of amputation of both lower and upper

limbs, indications, complications.
9. Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries [2 Hours] - Clinical features, complications,

medical and surgical management of Paraplegia and Quadriplegia.
10. Deformities [6 Hours] - clinical features, complications, medical and surgical

management of the following Congenital and Acquired deformities. Congenital
Deformities - CTEV. CDH. Torticollis. Scoliosis. Flat foot. Vertical talus. Hand
anomalies- syndactyly, polydactyly and ectrodactly. Arthrogryposis multiplex
congenita(amyoplasia congenita). Limb deficiencies- Amelia and Phocomelia.
Klippel feil syndrome. Osteogenesis imperfecta(fragile ossium). Cervical rib.
Acquired Deformities - Acquired Torticollis. Scoliosis. Kyphosis. Lordosis. Genu
varum. Genu valgum. Genu recurvatum Coxa vara. Pes cavus. Hallux rigidus. Hallux
valgus. Hammer toe. Metatarsalgia.
11. Disease of Bones and Joints [4 Hours]: Causes, Clinical features, Complications,
Management- medical and surgical of the following conditions Infective conditions:
Osteomyelitis (Acute / chronic). Brodie‘s abscess. TB spine and major joints like
assification, clinical
features, management - medical and surgical of the following tumors : Osteoma.
Osteosarcoma, Osteochondroma. Enchondroma. Ewing‘s sarcoma. Gaint cell tumor.
Multiple myeloma. Metastatic tumors. Perthes disease, Slipped Capital Femoral
Epiphysis and Avascular Necrosis. Metabolic Bone Diseases: Rickets. Osteomalacia,
Osteopenia. Osteoporosis.
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12. InfIammatory and Degenerative Conditions [4 Hours]: causes, clinical feature,

complications, deformities, radiological features, management- conservative and
surgical for the following conditions :Osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis. Ankylosing
spondylitis Gouty arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis. Hemophilic arthritis. Still‘s disease
(juvenile rheumatoid arthritis). Charcot‘s joints. Connective Tissue Disorders-
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis,
Poliomyelitis, Mixed connective tissue Disease (MCTD)
13. Syndromes [3 Hours]: Causes, Clinical features, complications, management-

conservative and surgical of the following : Cervico brachial syndrome. Thoracic
outlet syndrome. Vertebro- basilar syndrome. Scalenus syndrome. Costo clavicular
syndrome. Levator scapulae syndrome. Piriformis syndrome
14. Neuromuscular Disorders [3 hours]: Definition, causes, clinical feature,

complications, management. (Multidisciplinary approach) medical and surgical of the
following conditions :Cerebral palsy. Poliomyelitis. Spinal Dysraphism. Leprosy.
15. Cervical and Lumbar Pathology [3 Hours]: Causes, clinical feature, patho-
physiology, investigations, management-Medical and surgical for the following :
Prolapsed interverbral disc (PID), Spinal Canal Stenosis. Spondylosis (cervical and
lumbar) Spondylolysis. Spondylolisthesis. Lumbago/ Lumbosacral strain.
Sacralisation. Lumbarisation. Coccydynia. Hemivertebra.
16. Orthopedic Surgeries [3 Hours]: Indications, Classification, Types, Principles of

management of the following Surgeries :Arthrodesis. Arthroplasty (partial and total
replacement). Osteotomy , External fixators. Spinal stabilization
surgeries(Harrington‘s, Luque‘s, Steffi plating) etc , Limb re-attachments.
17. Regional Conditions [4 Hours]: Definition, Clinical features and management of

the following regional conditions
 Shoulder: Periarthritic shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). Rotator cuff
tendinitis. Supraspinatus Tendinitis. Infraspinatus Tendinitis. Bicipital
Tendinitis. Subacromial Bursitis.
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 Elbow: Tennis Elbow. Golfer‘s Elbow. Olecranon Bursitis (student‘s

elbow ). Triceps Tendinitis.
 Wrist and Hand: De Quervain‘s Tenosynovitis. Ganglion. Trigger Finger/
Thumb. Mallet Finger, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Dupuytren‘s
Contracture.
 Pelvis and Hip : IT Band Syndrome. Piriformis Syndrome. Trochanteric
Bursitis.
 Knee: Osteochondritis Dissecans. Prepatellar and Suprapatellar Bursitis.
Popliteal Tendinitis. Patellar Tendinitis. Chondromalacia Patella. Plica
Syndrome. Fat Pad Syndrome (Hoffa‘s syndrome).
 Ankle and Foot: Ankle Sprains. Plantar Fasciitis / Calcaneal Spur. Tarsal
Tunnel Syndrome. Achilles Tendinitis. Metatarsalgia. Morton‘s Neuroma.
Books Recommended:
1. Outline of Fractures—John Crawford Adams.
2. Outline of Orthopedics.— John Crawford Adams.
3. Text book of Orthopedics.—Maheswari.
4. Apley‘s Orthopedics.
5. Textbook of Orthopedics and Traumatology— M.N.Natarajan
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN ORTHOPEDICS & SPORTS
Subject Description The subject serves to integrate the knowledge gained by

the students in orthopedics and traumatology with skills to apply these in clinical
situations of dysfunction and musculoskeletal pathology. The objective of the course
is that after the specified hours of lectures and demonstrations the student will be able
to identify, assess and diagnose movement dysfunction and functional limitations due
to musculoskeletal diseases, independently plan and set treatment goals and apply the
skills gained in exercise therapy and electrotherapy in these clinical situations to
restore musculoskeletal function considering current evidence based guidelines.
.
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Subject Title : PHYSIOTHERAPY IN ORTHOPEDICS & SPORTS

Total Hours : 150
Theory : 90 Hours
Practical : 2 Hours / Week
1. PT assessment for Orthopedic conditions - SOAP format. Subjective - history

taking, informed consent, personal, past, medical and socioeconomic history, chief
complaints, history ofpresent illness. Pain assessment- intensity, character,
aggravating and relieving factors, site and location. Objective- on observation - body
built swelling, muscle atrophy, deformities, posture and gait. On palpation-
tenderness-grades, muscle spasm, swelling-methods of swelling assessment, bony
prominences, soft tissue texture and integrity, warmth and vasomotor disturbances.
On examination – ROM – active and passive, resisted isometric tests, limb length-
apparent, true and segmental , girth measurement, Muscle imbalance and muscle
length testing-tightness, contracture and flexibility, manual muscle testing, peripheral
neurological examination dermatomes, myotomes and reflexes, special tests and
functional tests. Physical diagnosis and differential diagnosis,Prescription of home
program. Documentation of case records, and follow up. Various methods of
Measurement of outcomes [8 Hours]
2. Fractures - Physiotherapy assessment in fracture cases. Aims of PT management in

fracture cases - short and long term goals. Principles of PT management in fractures -
Guidelines for fracture treatment during period of immobilization and guidelines for
treatment after immobilization period. PT management in complications - early and
late - shock, compartment syndrome, VIC, fat embolism, delayed and mal union,
RSD, myositis ossificans, AVN, pressure sores etc. [4 Hours]
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3. Specific fractures and dislocations : PT assessment and management of upper limb

fractures and dislocations. PT assessment and management of lower limb fractures
and dislocations including pelvis. PT assessment and management spinal fractures. [4
Hours]
4. Selection and application of physiotherapeutic techniques, maneuver's, modalities

for preventive, curative and rehabilitative means in all conditions. [5 Hours]
5. Principles of application of various schools of thought in manual therapy. (Briefly

Maitland and Mc kenzie). [3 Hours]
6. Degenerative and Inflammatory conditions: Definition, signs and symptoms,

clinical features, patho physiology, radiological features, deformities, medical,
surgical management. Describe the PT assessment and management and home
program for the following conditions – Osteoarthritis - emphasis mainly on knee, hip
and hand, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Gout, Perthes disease,
Periarthritic shoulder. [3 Hours]
7. Infective conditions: Definition, signs and symptoms, clinical features,

pathophysiology, radiological features, medical, surgical management. Describe PT
assessment and management for following conditions – Osteomyelitis – acute and
chronic, Septic arthritis, Pyogenic arthritis, TB spine and major joints - knee and hip.
[2 Hours]
8. Define, review the postural abnormalities of spinal column, clinical features,

deformities, medical and surgical management. Describe PT assessment and
management and home program. [3 Hours]
9. Deformities: Review in detail the causes, signs and symptoms, radiological

features, medical and surgical management. Describe the PT. assessment and
management of the following conditions : Congenital : CTEV, CDH, Torticollis, pes
planus, pes cavus and other common deformities. Acquired: scoliosis, kyphosis, coxa
vara, genu varum, valgum and recurvatum. [3 Hours]
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10. Poliomyelitis: Definition, etiology, types, pathophysiology, clinical features,

deformities, medical and surgical management. PT. assessment and management after
surgical corrections and reconstructive surgeries - emphasis on tendon transfer and
home program. [2 Hours]
11. Leprosy: Definition, cause, clinical features, medical and surgical management.
PT assessment, aims, and management after surgical procedures such as tendon
transfer both pre and post operatively. [2 Hours]
12. Amputations: Definition, levels, indications, types, PT assessment, aims,

management pre and post operatively. PT management with emphasis on stump care
and bandaging. Pre and post prosthetic training, checking out prosthesis,
complications of amputations and its management. [5 Hours]
13. Spinal conditions: Review the causes, signs and symptoms, investigations,
radiological features, neurological signs. PT assessment, aims, and management and
home program of the following conditions: Cervical spondylosis, Lumbar
spondylosis, Spondylolisthesis, Spinal canal stenosis, Spondylolysis, Sacro-iliac joint
dysfunction, Sacralisation, Lumbarisation, Intervertebral disc prolapse, Coccydynia,
Spina bifida occulta. [8 Hours]
14. Effects of spinal traction, types of traction, modes of application, indications for
spinal traction, contraindications, precautions, limitations of traction. [2 Hours]
15. Osteoporosis- causes, predisposing factors, investigations and treatment. [1 Hour]
16. Orthopedic surgeries: Pre and post operative PT assessment, goals, precautions
and PT management of following surgeries such as : Arthrodesis, Osteotomy,
Arthroplasty-partial and total - Excision arthroplasty, excision arthroplasty with
implant, interpositional arthroplasty and total replacement; Tendon transplant, Soft
tissue release- tenotomy, myotomy, lengthening; Arthroscopy, Spinal stabilization,
Re-attachment of limbs, External fixators, Synovectomy. [6 Hours]
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17. Shoulder joint : Shoulder instabilities, TOS, RSD, Impingement syndrome –

conservative and Post operative PT management. Total shoulder replacement and
Hemi replacement. - Post operative PT management. AC joint injuries - rehabilitation.
Rotator cuff tearsconservative and surgical repair. Subacromial decompression - Post
operative PT management. [3 Hours]
18. Elbow and forearm: Excision of radial head - Post operative PT management.
Total elbow arthroplasty- Post operative PT management. [2 Hours]
19. Wrist and Hand: Total wrist arthroplasty. Repair of ruptured extensor tendons.
Carpal tunnel syndrome. Flexor and extensor tendon lacerations - Post operative PT
management. [3 Hours]
20. Hip: Joint surgeries - hemi and total hip replacement - Post operative PT
management Tendonitis and bursitis. - Management. [2 Hours]
21. Knee: Lateral retinacular release, chondroplasty- Post operative management.

Realignment of extensor mechanism. ACL and PCL reconstruction surgeries - Post
operative rehabilitation. Meniscectomy and meniscal repair - Post operative
management. Plica syndrome, patellar dysfunction and Hoffa's syndrome-
conservative management. TKR- rehabilitation protocol. Patellar tendon ruptures and
Patellectomy- rehabilitation. [5 Hours]
22. Ankle and foot: Ankle instability. Ligamentous tears- Post operative management.
[2 Hour]
23. Sports Physiotherapy : Physical fitness. Sports diet, Stages of soft tissue healing.
Treatment guidelines for soft tissue injuries- Acute, Sub acute and chronic stages.
Repair of soft tissues- rupture of muscle, tendon and Ligamen.tous tears. Soft tissue
injuries- prevention and rehabilitation of, Lateral ligament sprain of ankle. Rotator
cuff injuries. Collateral and Cruciate injuries of knee. Meniscal injuries of knee.
Supraspinatus and Bicipital tendonitis . Pre patellar and Subacromial bursitis. Tennis
and Golfer's elbow. Hamstring strains, Quadriceps contusion, TA rupture.
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Dequervain's tenosynovitis. Trigger and Mallet finger. Plantar fasciitis. Wrist sprains.
Prevention of sports injuries, Doping [12 Hours]
Practical: 60 Hours
Practical shall be conducted for all the relevant topics discussed in theory in the
following forms:
 Bedside case presentations and case discussions in the wards
 Demonstration of application of Physiotherapeutic techniques on patients in
Physiotherapy O.P.D
 Participation under faculty guidance in management.
 Lab sessions consisting of evaluation and assessment methods on student
models, treatment techniques and practice sessions.
Desirable – Participation in management on sports field
Recommended books:
1. Tidy's physiotherapy.
2. Textbook of orthopedics- Cash.
3. Clinical orthopedic rehabilitation- Brotzman.
4. Orthopedic physiotherapy - Jayant Joshi.
5. Physical Rehabilitation Assessment and Treament – O‘Sullivan Schmitz
6. Sports physiotherapy- Maria Zuluaga
7. Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists-Goodman & Snyder
8. Orthopedic Physical Assessment-David J Magee
9. Management of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders- Hertling D, Kessler RM
REHABILITATION SCIENCE
The subject serves to integrate the knowledge gained by the students in rehabilitation
sciences and Prosthetics and Orthotics with skills to apply these in clinical situations
of disability prevention and rehabilitation. The objective of the course is that after the
specified hours of lectures and demonstrations the student will be able to identify
rehabilitation methods to prevent and reduce the limitations caused by disabilities and
dysfunctions resulting from various disease conditions and to plan and set treatment
goals considering current evidence based guidelines and apply the skills gained in
rehabilitating and restoring functions.
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Subject Title : Rehabilitation Science

Theory : 60 Hours
Total Hours : 90 Hrs
REHABILITATION
1. Introduction to rehabilitation
Philosophy and need of rehabilitation.
Principles of Physical medicine.
Role of members of rehabilitation team
Basic principles of administration and organization
7. Disability prevention and rehabilitation :
Concept of impairment, Disability and Handicap or Functional Limitation
Disability evaluation methods and purpose
3. Disabled and the society ,Legal aspects of disability in terms of compensation
and benefits. Government‘s policies and rehabilitation Council. Concept of
Barrier free environment
Role of voluntary Organizations in CBR: Charitable Organizations, Voluntary
health agencies –National level and International NGO‘s, Multilateral and
Bilateral agencies. International Health Organizations. [4 hours]
National District Level Rehabilitation Programme: Primary rehabilitation
unit, Regional training center, District rehabilitation center, Primary Health
center, Village rehabilitation worker, Anganwadi worker [5 hours]
Vocational training in rehabilitation: Introduction, Need, Vocational
evaluation, Vocational rehabilitation services [2 hours]
4. Occupational therapy : Introduction to Occupational therapy, Philosophy and
principles of Occupational Therapy, Therapeutic Media and Modalities in O.T,
Role of O.T in Mental Health Physical Function and well being.
89
5. Speech and Language disorders and rehabilitation: Brief description of

Anatomy and physiology, Classification of the disorders and respective
management strategies.
6. Principles of Orthotics: Indications Prescription and training in usage Lower
Extremity Orthotic, Upper Extremity Orthotic Spinal Orthotic
7. Principles of Prosthetics: Indications Prescription and training in usage Lower
Extremity Prosthetics and Upper Extremity Prosthetics
8. Mobility aids and assistive devices: Principles involved in prescribing,
Classification, and Levels and Methods of training in use.
Practical: 30 Hours
The student should be provided exposure to the basics of Prosthesis and
Orthosis measurements, construction, checkout and methods of training in
their usage, including that of Wheel chairs.
They should become capable of designing and making basic splints and
Assistive devices with locally available materials.
They must visit Institutes if repute for Rehabilitation.
Recommended books:
1. Rehabilitation Medicine by Howard A Rusk.
2. Rehabilitation Medicine by Joel A De lisa
3. Text book of O.T – Pedretti
4. Normal Human Locomotion - Published by ALIMCO
5. Atlas of Prosthetics and Orthotics - ALIMCO
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS
Course Description
This course will introduce to the student the basic research methodology, statistical
concepts:
methods of statistical analysis: and interpretation of data.
90
Subject Title : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY &

BIOSTATISTICS
Total Hours : 30
Theory : 30
Method of Assessment : Written
I. Research Methodology [ 15 Hrs ]

1. Introduction to Research methodology: Meaning of research, objectives of
research, Motivation in research, Types of research & research approaches,
Research methods vs methodology, Criteria for good research, Problems
encountered by researchers in India.
2. Research problem: Statement of research problem., Statement of purpose and
objectives of research problem, Necessity of defining the problem
3. Research design: Meaning of research design, Need for research design,
Features for good design, Different research designs, Basic principles of
research design
4. Sampling Design: Criteria for selecting sampling procedure, Implications for
sample design, steps in sampling design, characteristics of good sample design,
Different types of sample design
5. Measurement & scaling techniques: Measurement in research- Measurement
scales, sources of error in measurement, Technique of developing measurement
tools, Meaning of scaling, its classification., Important scaling techniques.
6. Methods of data collection: collection of primary data, collection data through
questionnaires & schedules, Difference between questionnaires & schedules.
7. Sampling fundamentals, need for sampling & some fundamental definitions,
Important sampling distributions
8. Processing & analysis of data: Processing operations, problems in processing,
Types of analysis, Statistics in research, Measures of central tendency,
Dispersion, Asymmetry, relationship.
91
9. Testing of hypothesis: What is hypothesis? Basic concepts concerning testing of

hypothesis, Procedure of hypothesis testing, measuring the power of hypothesis
test, Tests of hypothesis, limitations of the tests of hypothesis 66
10. Computer technology: Introduction to Computers, computer application in
research, computers & researcher.
II1. Biostatistics [ 15 Hrs ]
1. Introduction: Meaning, definition, characteristics of statistics., Importance of

the study of statistics, Branches of statistics, Statistics and health science including
physiotherapy, Parameters and Estimates, Descriptive and inferential statistics,
Variables and their types, Measurement scales.
2. Tabulation of Data: Basic principles of graphical representation, Types of

diagrams histograms, frequency polygons, smooth frequency polygon, cumulative
frequency curve,. Normal probability curve.
3. Measure of Central Tendency: Need for measures of central Tendency,

Definition and calculation of mean – ungrouped and grouped, Meaning, interpretation
and calculation of median ungrouped and grouped., Meaning and calculation of mode,
Comparison of the mean, median and mode, Guidelines for the use of various
measures of central tendency.
4. Probability and Standard Distributions: Meaning of probability of standard

distribution, The binominal distribution, The normal distribution, Divergence from
normality – skew ness, kurtosis.
5. Sampling techniques: Need for sampling - Criteria for good samples,

Application of sampling in community, Procedures of sampling and sampling designs
errors, Sampling variation and tests of significance.
6. Analysis of variance & covariance: Analysis of variance (ANOVA), what is

ANOVA?s Basic principle of ANOVA, ANOVA technique, Analysis of Co variance
(ANACOVA)
92
Recommended Textbooks:
1. Elements of Health Statistics by Rao.N.S.N
2. An introduction of Biostatistics by Sunder Rao.P.S.S.
3. Methods in Bio-Statistics 6th Edn. 1997 by B.K. Mahajan
4. Biostatistics : A manual of Statistics Methods by K. Visweswara Rao
5. Elementary Statistics 1st Edn, 1990. in Medical Workers by Inderbir Singh
6. Statistics in Psychology and education by Great and Henry
7. An Introduction to Gupta C.B. Statistical Methods, 1972 by Ram Prasad & Sons
8. Basic Statistics, 3rd Edn by Simpsory G. Kaftha. P
9. Research; Principles and Methods by L Denise F. Poli & Hungler
10. Fundamentals of Research, 4th Edn. By David J. fox
BPT IV YEAR
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEURO SURGERY

Subject Description
The subject is to provide the knowledge about relevant aspects about neurological
disorders and surgery. The student will have a general understanding of the diseases,
The therapists would encounter in their practice .The objective of the course is that
after specified hours of lectures and discussions the student will be able to list the
etiology, pathology, clinical features and decide the Physiotherapy treatment methods
for various neurological conditions
Subject Title : Clinical Neurology and Neuro Surgery
Duration : 37-48 months
Total Hours : 90
Theory : 90 hours
Total Hours/ week : 3 hours
Theory:
1. Basic Neuro Anatomy and Neurophysiology including Development of
nervous system. (5 hours)
2. Clinical symptomatology in Neurology (7 hours)
a. Pain and Sensory symptoms
b. Motor
c. Symptoms from the special organs
93
d. Higher brain functions

e. Autonomic Nervous System
f. Neurogenic Bladder and Bowel
3. Application of Neuro Physiology in clinical evaluation, investigations,
differential diagnosis of Neurological conditions. (10hours)
4. Definitions, Etiology, Pathology, Clinical Presentations, Diagnositc
approaches including radio diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, Complication
and Medico – Surgical Management of
Pediatric Neurological Disorders (10Hours)
a. Cerebral Palsy
b. Mental Retardation
c. Developmental Delay
d. Autism Spectrum Disorders
e. Down‘s syndrome
f. Spina Bifida
g. Hydrocephalus
h. Infantile Hemiplegic
i. Epilepsy
j. Poliomyelitis
k. Muscular Dystrophies

and Medico – Surgical Management of Infections and Inflammation of the
Nervous System (10Hours)
a. Meningitis
b. Encephalitis
c. Neuro Syphilis
d. Poliomyelitis
e. Perepheral Neuritis
f. Tetanus
g. Infective and Post Infective Neuropathies
h. Infective Myelopathies
i. Spinal Arachonditis
94
j. Tabes Dosrsalis
k. Transverse Myelitis
and Medico – Surgical Management of Degenerative and Demyelination of
CNS (10Hours)
a. Basal ganglia: Parkinsonism, Huntington Disease, Associated
Dyskinesia, Dystonia, Rett‘s Syndrome etc
b. Cerebellar: Friedrich‘s and Cerebellar ataxia
c. Cerebrum: Alziemers Disease, Demetia, Multiple Sclerosis
d. Spinal Cord: Non compressive Myelopathy
e. Perepheral Nerve: Diabetic, Metabolic Neuropathies, NMJ disorders,
Motor Neuron Disease
and Medico – Surgical Management of Trauma of Nervous System (10
Hours)
a. Head Injury
b. Spinal Cord Injury
c. Perepheral Nerve Injury
and Medico – Surgical Management of Compression of Nervous System
(10Hours)
a. Brain Tumor
b. Cranio Vertebral Junction anomalies
c. Spinal Cord Tumor
d. Syringomyelia
e. Inter Vertebral Disc Prolapse
f. Tumors on the peripheral nervous system
g. Entrapment Neuropathies
95
and Medico – Surgical Management of Vascular Insult to Nervous System

(10Hours)
a. CVA
b. Vertebral Stroke
c. Moya Moya Disease
d. VBI

and Medico – Surgical Management of Nervous system due to Toxic,
Metabolic injuries and Nutritional disorders (8 Hours)
a. Metabolic encephalopathies
b. B12 Deficiency
c. Alcohol related disorders
d. Nutritional Polyneuropathies
e. Neurolathyrism
Reference:
1. Victor Adams-neurology
2. Haerer: Neurological examinations
3. Davidson: Principle and practice in medicine
4. John Walton: Brains Diseases of the nervous system
5. Baily & Love : Short practice of surgery
6. Hutchisons clinical methods.
7. Neurological examination made easy
96
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN NEUROLOGY & NEURO SURGERY

Subject Description
The subject is designed to provide knowledge in assessment, diagnosis

and planning physiotherapy interventions in various Neurological disorders
and Neuro surgical conditions. The student must be able to assess the patient
as necessary, to monitor the patient‘s vital signs, to monitor the patient in
regard to treatment, and to independently provide appropriate interventions to
patient considering current evidence based guidelines.
.
Subject : Physiotherapy in Neurology and neurosurgery

Duration : 37-48 months
Total Hours : 240
Theory : 150 hours
Practical : 90 hours
Total Hours per week : 8 hours
Lecture : 5 hours/week
Practical : 3 hours/week
1. Introduction to Motor Control & Motor Learning, Introduction to Neural

Plasticity (15Hours)
2. Introduction to various Neuro Developmental Approaches including Bobath,

Roods, PNF, Brunstorm, MRP, CIMT, Muscle Strengthening Approach,
Virtual Reality, Mental Imagery, Robotics, Body Weight Supported Treadmill
Training Techniques, Sensory Integration, Biofeedback in Neuro
Rehabilitation, FNMS, Sensory Reeducation etc (35Hours).
3. Physiotherapy Evaluation including Neuro developmental Screening,

differential diagnosis of Pediatric Nervous system and Practical application of
various motor control theories in (25Hours)
a. Cerebral Palsy
b. Mental Retardation
97
c. Autism Spectrum Disorders

d. Down‘s syndrome
e. Spina Bifida
f. Hydrocephalus
g. Infantile Hemiplegic
h. Epilepsy
i. Poliomyelitis
j. Muscular Dystrophies
4. Physiotherapy Evaluation, outcome measurements, differential diagnosis,

Investigations (including Radiodiagnosis, electro physiology, lab studies, non
invasive procedures) of Nervous system Practical application of
Physiotherapeutics in :
Inflammation of the Nervous System(10 hours)

 Meningitis
 Encephalitis
 Neuro Syphilis
 Poliomyelitis
 Perepheral Neuritis
 Tetanus
 Infective and Post Infective Neuropathies
 Infective Myelopathies
 Spinal Arachonditis
 Tabes Dosrsalis
 Transverse Myelitis
Degenerative and Demyelination of CNS(12 hours)
 Basal ganglia: Parkinsonism, Huntington Disease, Associated Dyskinesia,
Dystonia, Rett‘s Syndrome etc
 Cerebellar: Friedrich‘s and Cerebellar ataxia
 Cerebrum: Alziemers Disease, Demetia, Multiple Sclerosis
 Spinal Cord: Non compressive Myelopathy
98
 Perepheral Nerve: Diabetic, Metabolic Neuropathies, NMJ disorders,

Motor Neuron Disease
Trauma of Nervous System(15 hours)
 Head Injury
 Spinal Cord Injury
 Perepheral Nerve Injury
Compression of Nervous System(15 hours)
 Brain Tumor
 Cranio Vertebral Junction anomalies
 Spinal Cord Tumor
 Syringomyelia
 Inter Vertebral Disc Prolapse
 Tumors on the peripheral nervous system
 Entrapment Neuropathies
Vascular Insult to Nervous System(13 hours)
 CVA
 Vertebral Stroke
 Moya Moya Disease
 VBI
Toxic, Metabolic injuries and Nutritional disorders(5 hours)
 Metabolic encephalopathies
 B12 Deficiency
 Alcohol related disorders
 Nutritional Polyneuropathies
 Neurolathyrism
5. Practical application of Physiotherapeutics in Neurogenic Bowl and Bladder

disorders (5 Hours)
PRACTICALS: 90 hours
following forms:
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 Demonstration of application of Neuro Physiotherapeutic techniques on

patients in Physiotherapy O.P.D
Reference:
1. 1.Patrica Downie: Cash‘s book of neurology.
2. 2.Ida Bromely : Tetraplegia & Paraplegia
3. Thomson – Tidy‘s Physiotherapy
4. Susan B O‘ Sullivan – Physical rehabilitation
5. Darcy Umphred – Neurological rehabilitation
6. Braddom – Physical medicine & rehabilitation
7. Swaner – Brunnstorms movement therapy
8. Berta Bobath – Adult hemiplegia
9. Robbert Carr & Shapperd – Motor relearning Programme
10. Robbert Carr & Shapperd- Neurological rehabilitation
11. Ecker- Elements of pediatric physiotherapy
12. Barbara- physiotherapy for cerebral palsy children.
13. Adal Cunning – Key Issues in neurological physiotherapy.
14. Physical management in neurological rehabilitation- Stokes M
15. Physical Therapy for Children- Campbell SK, Palisano RJ, Orlin M
16. Motor Control: Theory and Practical Applications- Anne Shumway-Cook ,
Marjorie H. Woollacott
17. Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists-Goodman & Snyder
CLINICAL CARDIO-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS & SURGERY

Subject Description
This subject follows the basic science subjects to provide the knowledge about
relevant aspects about cardio-respiratory disorders and surgery. The student will have
a general understanding of the diseases, that the therapist would encounter in their
practice. The objective of the course is that after specified hours of lectures and
discussion the student will be able to list the aetiology, pathology, clinical features
and treatment methods for various cardio-respiratory conditions.
100
Subject Title : CLINICAL CARDIO-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS &

SURGERY
Total Hours : 90
Theory : 90 Hours
Total Hours / Week : 3Hours
Theory:
1. Cardiovascular Disease : Examination of the Cardiovascular System –
Investigations : ECG, Exercise Stress Testing, Radiology ; Clinical
manifestations of Cardiovascular disease ; Definition, Aetiology, Clinical
features, signs and symptoms, complications, management and treatment of
following diseases and disorders of the heart : Pericarditis, Myocarditis,
Endocarditis, Rheumatic Fever – resulting in valve disorders, Mitral Stenosis
& Insufficiency, Aortic Stenosis and Insufficeiency, Cardiac tumors. [
10Hours]
2. Ischemic Heart Disease, Coronary Valve Disease, Congenital Heart diseases –

Acyanotic congenital heart disease & Cyanotic congenital heart disease :
Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Coarctation of Aorta, Atrial Septal Defect,
Ventricular Septal Defect, Tetraology of Fallot, Transposition of Great
Vessels, Cardiac Arrest ; Examination and Investigations of diseases of
arteries and veins ; Hypertension : Definition, causes, classification, types,
assessment, investigations and management. [12 Hours]
3. Respiratory Disease : Examination of the Respiratory System –Investigations:

Chest Radiographs, Pulmonary Function Testing, Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
; Clinical manifestations of Lung disease ; Patterns of lung disease – Chronic
Obstructive Lung Disease and Restrictive Lung Disease ; Definition, Etiology,
Clinical features, signs and symptoms, complications, management and
treatment of following lung diseases : Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema,
Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections,
Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Fungal Diseases, Interstitial Lung Diseases,
Diseases of the pleura, diaphragm and chest wall, ARDS ; Respiratory failure
– Definition, types, causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management. [12
Hours]
4. Paediatrics: Respiratory conditions of childhood – causes, complications,

clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. [5 Hours]
1. Disorders of the Chest Wall, Lung and Mediastinum – Definition, Clinical

features, diagnosis and choice of management for the following disorders –
chest wall deformities, chest wall tumors, Pleural Effusion, Empyema
Thoracis, Lung abscess, Bronchiectasis, Tuberculosis, Bronchogenic
Carcinoma, Bronchial Adenomas, Metastatic tumors of the Lung, tracheal
101
Stenosis, Congenital tracheomalacia, Neoplasms of the trachea, Lesions of the

Mediastinum. Carcinoma of the female breast. [5 Hours]
2. Causes, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and treatment of the following

Thoracic Trauma situations – Airway obstruction, Pneumothorax,
Hemothorax, Cardiac Tamponade, Tracheobronchial disruption, Aortic
disruption, Diaphragmatic disruption, Esophageal disruption, Cardiac and
Pulmonary Contusions. [10 Hours]
3. Reasons for Surgery; Types of anaesthesia and its effects on the patient ;
Types of Incisions ; Clips Ligatures and Sutures ; General Thoracic
Procedures – Radiologic Diagnostic procedures, Endoscopy – types, Biopsy –
uses and types. Overview and Drainage systems and tubes used in Surgery.
[5Hours]
4. Thoracic surgeries – Thoracotomy – Definition, Types of Incisions with

emphasis to the site of insision, muscles cut and complications. Lung
surgeries: Pnumonectomy, Lobectomy, segmentectomy – Indications,
Physiological changes and Complications; Thoracoplasty, Pleurectomy,
Pleurodesis and Decortication of the Lung. Cardiac surgeries – An overview
of the Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass Machine – Extracardiac Operations, Closed
Heart surgery, Open Heart surgery. Transplant Surgery – Heart, Lung and
Kidney – Indications, Physiological changes and Complications. [15 Hours]
5. Occupational Lung diseases. [ 2 Hours]
6. Drug therapy – Drugs to prevent and treat inflammation, Drugs to treat

Bronchospasm, Drugs to treat Breathlessness, Drugs to help sputum clearance,
Drugs to inhibit coughing, Drugs to improve ventilation, Drugs to reduce
pulmonary hypertension, Drug delivery doses, Inhalers and Nebulisers.[2
Hour]
7. Intensive and Emergency care: First Aid: Trauma – Accidents: explosions,

riots, gunshots, burns, septicaemia, acute respiratory failure, pulmonary
embolism/pulmonary oedema, cardiac failure/myocardial infarction,
unconsciousness/coma, drug overdose, poisoning, tetanus, respiratory
paralysis(polio – G. B. Syndrome). [5 Hours]
8. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation and Airway care. [ 5 Hours]
9. Mechanical ventilators and Medical gas therapy. [ 2 Hours]
Recommended books:
1. General Surgical Operations – by Kirk / Williamson
2. Surgery by Nan
3. Bailey and Love‘s – Short Practice of Surgery
4. Chest Disease by Crofton and Douglas.
102
5. Text book of Heart, Chest Vascular Disease for physiotherapists- Patrica A

Downie, JP Bros.
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN CARDIO-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS &

INTENSIVE CARE MANAGEMENT
Subject Description
The subject is designed to provide knowledge in assessing and planning
physiotherapy interventions for various cardio-respiratory disorders and surgical
conditions. The student must be able to assess the patient as necessary, to monitor the
patient‘s vital signs, to monitor the patient in regard to physiotherapy treatment, and
to independently provide appropriate interventions to the patient considering current
evidence based guidelines.
Subject Title : PHYSIOTHERAPY IN CARDIO-RESPIRATORY

DISORDERS & INTENSIVE CARE MANAGEMENT
Total Hours : 240
Theory : 150 Hours
Total Hours / Week : 8
Lecturer : 5 Hours / Week
Theory: 150 Hours

1. Bedside assessment of the patient – Adult & Paediatric [10 Hours]
2. Investigations and tests – Exercise tolerance Testing – Cardiac & Pulmonary,
Radiographs, PFT, ABG, ECG, Haematological and Biochemical Tests [12
Hours]
3. Physiotherapy techniques to increase lung volume – Controlled mobilization,
Positioning, Breathing exercise, Neurophysiological Facilitation of
Respiration, Mechanical AIDS – Incentive Spirometry, CPAP, IPPB [10
Hours]
103
4. Physiotherapy techniques to decrease the work of breathing – Measures to

optimize the balance between energy supply and demand, positioning,
Breathing re-education – Breathing control techniques, Mechanical aids –
IPPB, CPAP, BiPAP [10Hours]
5. Physiotherapy techniques to clear secretions – Hydration, Humidification &
Nebulisation, Mobilisation and Breathing exercise, Postural Drainage, Manual
techniques – Percussion, Vibration and Shaking, Rib Springing, ACBT,
Autogenic Drainage, Mechanical aids – PEP, Flutter, IPPB, Facilitation of
Cough and Huff, Suctioning [12Hours]
6. Neonatal and Paediatric Physiotherapy – Chest physiotherapy for children,
The neonatal unit, Modifications chest physiotherapy for specific neonatal
disorders, Emergencies in the neonatal unit [7 Hours]
7. Physiotherapy in Obstructive lung conditions [10Hours]
8. Physiotherapy in Restrictive lung conditions [10 Hours]
9. Physiotherapy for Peripheral vascular diseases [3 Hours]
10. Pulmonary Rehabilitation [8 Hours]
11. Physiotherapy following Lung surgeries [6 Hours]
12. Respiratory failure – Oxygen Therapy and Mechanical Ventilation [5 Hours]
13. Introduction to ICU : ICU monitoring – Apparatus including Mechanical
Ventilators, Airways and Tubes used in the ICU, Physiotherapy in the ICU –
Common conditions in the ICU – Tetanus, Head Injury, Lung Disease,
Pulmonary Oedema, Multiple Organ Failure, Neuromuscular Disease, Smoke
Inhalation, Poisoning, Aspiration, Near Drowning, ARDS, Shock; Dealing
with emergency situation in the ICU [10 Hours]
14. Physiotherapy management following cardiac surgeries [8 Hours]
15. Cardiac Rehabilitation [7 Hours]
16. Home program and education of family members in patient care [3 Hours]
17. Treatment, Response to exercise and Implication of Physiotherapy in the
following disease conditions: Hypertension, Diabetes, Renal Failure and
Obesity. [8 Hours]
18. Health Fitness and Promotion: Fitness Evaluation, Analysis of Body
Composition, Evaluation and Prescription of Exercise, Factors affecting
exercise performance, Exercise Prescription for Specific groups : Elderly,
Women and Children. [ 5Hours]
104
19. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation [3 Hours]

20. Applied Yoga in Cardio-respiratory conditions. [3 Hours]
Practical: 90 Hours
following forms:
 Demonstration of application of Neuro Physiotherapeutic techniques on
patients in Physiotherapy O.P.D
Recommended books:
1. Tidy's physiotherapy.
2. Cash‘s Text Book of Chest, Heart, Vascular Disorders for Physiotherapists.
3. The Brompton Guide to chest physiotherapy DU Gasket [Completed]
4. Physical Rehabilitation Assessment and Treatment – O‘Sullivan Schmitz
5. Elements in Paediatric Physiotherapy – Pamela M Eckersley
6. Essentials of Cardio Pulmonary Physical Therapy by Hillegass and Sadowsky
7. Cardio pulmonary Symptoms in physical Therapy practice Cohen and Michel
8. Chest Physiotherapy in Intensive Care Unit by Mackenzi
9. Cash‘s Text book of General Medicine and Surgical conditions for
Physiotherapists.
10. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy: a guide to practice- Irwin S, Techlin JS
11.Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy- Hillegass, Ellen
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN COMMUNITY HEALTH
Subject Description
The subject serves to integrate the knowledge gained by the students in
community medicine and other areas, with physiotherapy skills to apply these in
clinical situations of health and disease and its prevention.
The objective of the course is that after the specified hours of lectures and
demonstrations the student will be able to identify physiotherapy methods to promote
health, fitness and to prevent ill health, disabilities and dysfunctions due to various
105
disease conditions and plan, set, prescribe and implement treatment goals considering
current evidence based guidelines.
Subject Title : PHYSIOTHERAPY IN COMMUNITY HEALTH

Total Hours : 240
Theory : 150 Hours
Total Hours / Week : 8
Lecturer : 5 Hours / Week
1] Concepts of community health [preventive, promotive, restorative and

rehabilitative [5Hour]
2] Principles of Community based Rehabilitation.:- WHO definition of health and

disease, Health delivery system – strategies of 3 tier health delivery system,Disability
types (Physical & Psychological) , evaluation, prevention & Legislation related to
Persons With Disability (PWD) [10 hours]
3]Introduction to CBR – definition, principles, types {institutional, reach out and

community), concepts, WHO policies, principles of Team work of medical
practitioner, Physiotherapist, Occupational Therapist, Speech & Audiology
Therapist, Prosthetist & Orthotist, Clinical psychologist, vocational counsellor and
social worker, Role of PT in team, concept of multi –purpose health worker.[10
hours]
4] Role of Physiotherapy in CBR: Screening for disabilities, Prescribing exercise

programme, Prescribing and devising low cost locally available assistive aids,
Modifications physical and architectural barriers for disabled, Disability prevention,
Strategies to improve ADL, Rehabilitation programmes for various
neuromusculoskeletal and cardiothoracic disabilities. [10 hours]
106
5] Communication Strategies. National District level rehabilitation Programmes [15

Hours]
6] Community Health Care – [30 Hours]

Prevention, Promotion & Restoration
I. In Peri Pubertal age group
II. In women-pregnancy, menopause
III. Neuromusculoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, metabolic and degenerative
conditions
IV. In Obese / Over weight
V. In Cardiovascular conditions
VI. In Diabetes
VII. In Sport Person (Identify risk factor & type of training)
VIII. Health Promotion for All
7] Woman and child care – [30 Hours]

I. Antenatal exercises , Specific Breathing exercises, Relaxation, Postural Training,
Pelvic floor stretching and strengthening exercises with clinical reasoning
II. Physiotherapy during labour
III. Postnatal exercises program after normal labor / labor with invasive procedures
with clinical reasoning
IV. Menopause -Osteoporosis, Mental health , Physiotherapy management
V. Preterm babies
VI. Adolescent age group
VII. Nutritional disorders in women and children
8] Geriatrics –Physiology of Aging, Environmental changes and adaptations, Balance

and falls, Physiotherapy management, Role of Physiotherapy in prolonged bed rest
and in home for aged. Active aging and Aging with disabilities – WHO, Care for
People with Dementias [20 hours]
9] Industrial health and Occupational Diseases– [15 hours]

I. Ability Management -
107
Job analysis: - Job description, Job demand Analysis, Task Analysis,

Ergonomic Evaluation including Anthropometric data collection,
Injury Prevention, Employee Fitness Programme
Disability Management:- Acute care, Concept of Functional Capacity
Assessment, Work Conditioning, Work Hardening
II. Environmental stress in the industrial area –
A. Physical agents e.g. heat / cold, light, noise, vibration, UV radiation, ionizing
radiation
B. Chemical agents-inhalation, local action and ingestion
C. Mechanical hazards-overuse/fatigue injuries due to ergonomic alternation and
Mechanical stresses.
Mechanical stresses in –
i. Sedentary table work – executives, clerks
ii. Vehicle drivers - Inappropriate seats, Vibrations
iii. Constant standing-watchmen, defense forces, surgeons etc.
iv. Labourers- Overexertion
D. Psychological hazards- monotonicity and dissatisfaction in job, anxiety of work
completion with quality, Multi-task activities,
III Preventive and Rehabilitative Role of PT in II A, B,C & D
10]Vocational training in rehabilitation: Introduction, Need, Vocational evaluation,

Vocational rehabilitation services [5 hours]
Practical: 90 Hours
Project – Survey/Retrospective study in community
Documentation of 2 cases each in a) Women‘s Health b) Geriatrics & c) Industrial
Health (Musculoskeletal / Pulmonary conditions)
d) Health promotion – 1 case each in i) Obesity ii) Peri-pubertal age group iii) Sports
person
iv) Diabetes / Cardio-Pulmonary conditions
There shall be participation of students in health camps and projects in final year and
during internship with a view to expose the students to problems of rural and semi
urban areas
Textbooks/ Reference Books:

108
1. Industrial Therapy – Glenda Key

2. Geriatric Physical therapy - Andrew Guccione
3. ACSM (set of 3 books)
4. P.S.M. - Park
5. Textbook of Women‘s Health – Ruth Sapsford
6. Legal Rights of Disabled – RCI
7. Physiotherapy in obstetrics & Gynecology -J. Mantle
8. Textbook of Work Physiology – Astrand
9. Exercise Physiology - Mc Ardle
10. Ergonomics: Man in working environment – Mural
11. Ergonomics- Karen Jacobs
12. Occupational injuries – Herrington
13. Musculoskeletal disorders in the work place – Nordin
14. Textbook of preventive & Social Med – Gupta & Mahajan
15. Exercise testing & Exercise prescription for special cases - J. Skinner
16. Sports Injuries - Zuluaga
17. Rehab Medicine-Part I/II – Delisa
ETHICS&MANAGEMENT
Subject Title : ETHICS & MANAGEMENT

Total Hours : 20
Theory / Lecture : 1 Hour / Week
ETHICS
1. History of physiotherapy, Ethical principles in health care, Ethical principles
related to physiotherapy, Scope of practice, Enforcing standards in health profession-
promoting quality care, Professional ethics in research, education and patient care
delivery, Informed consent issues, Medical ethics and Economics in clinical decision-
making. [3 hours]
2. Rules of professional conduct [3hours]
109
 Physiotherapy as a profession
 Relationship with patients
 Relationship with health care institutions
 Relationship with colleagues and peers
 Relationship with medical and other professional.
3. Confidentiality and Responsibility, Malpractice and negligence, Provision of
services and, advertising, Legal aspects: Consumer protection act, Legal responsibility
of physiotherapist for their action in professional context and understanding liability
and obligations in case of medico-legal action [2 hours]
IAP, CSP, APTA, WCPT– Aims Objectives and Methods of functioning for the
betterment of Physiotherapy Profession [2 hours]
MANAGEMENT
1] Management studies related to –local health care organization
management & structure,-planning delivery with quality assurance &
funding of service delivery -information technology -Time management
-career development in Physiotherapy [4 hours]
2].Public relations in hospital and human resource management. [3 hours]
3] Planning and implementation of commercial projects [3 hours]
Recommended books:
1. Medical Ethics by C M Francis.
2. George V Lobo – Current Problems in Medical Ethics
3. Consumer Protection Act – 1986, Government of India, New Delhi.
4. Francis C M – Hospital Administration
5. Davies, R and Macaulay, BMC – Hospital Planning and Adminstration
6. Health Services Management, Analysis& Application , Wadsworth Publishing
Company,
Belmont
7.Management principals and application for physiotherapists.
110
PROJECT
Subject Title : PROJECT

Total Hours : -
Method of Assessment: Oral, Practical
Project, submitted by the candidate will be verified and a viva will be

conducted. The project will be a clinical assignment on given topic or condition.
This may be done in the form of a literature review. This will give the student a
background on research methods and recent advances.
*****************************************************

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1

KERALA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

REGULATIONS, CURRICULUM, AND

(With effect from 2012-13 onwards)

Section - 1 - Aims and objectives of the course

Section - 2 – Regulations governing BPT course

2.1 Minimum qualification for the admission of the course

Section - 3 - Subject and Course Content

3.1 First Year BPT

3.2 Second Year BPT

3.3 Third Year BPT

3.3.1 General Medicine and general Surgery

3.4 Fourth Year BPT

3.4.1 Clinical Neurology and Neuro Surgery

Aims and objectives of the course

As per WHO‘s International Classification of Health Workers*, based on the

This undergraduate course in Physiotherapy (BPT) is to impart in depth knowledge

Objective of the study

i. Acquisition of adequate theoretical and the practical knowledge

2.1 Minimum qualification for the admission of the course

2.2 Selection of Students

2.4 Duration of the course and period of completion

2.5 Medium of instruction and examinations

Medium of instruction and examinations shall be in English.

2.6 Attendance, progress and condonation

A candidate is required to put in at least 80% attendance in theory and practical

The candidate shall complete the prescribed course satisfactorily to be eligible to

2.7 Internal assessment marks

2.8 Criteria for Pass

A candidate shall be declared as pass if he secures 50% of marks in each subject in

2.9 Practical Examination: Maximum number of candidates for practical

FIRST YEAR BPT (DURATION 0 – 12 MONTHS)

Sl. No: Subject Teaching hours

Main subjects: For University Examination

1. Anatomy 8 240 150 90

2. Physiology 8 240 150 90

3. Biomechanics & 6.5 200 150 50

4. Section A – Psychology 3 180 90 -

Subsidiary subjects: Not for University Examination

5. First Aid & Nursing 2 40 20 20

6. Orientation to 3 100 100

8. Clinical Observation 5 150

SECOND YEAR BPT (DURATION 13 – 24 MONTHS)

Main subjects: For University Examination

1 Electrotherapy 8 240 80 160

2 Exercise therapy 8 240 80 160

Subsidiary subjects: Not for University Examination

7. Supervised Clinical 8.5 250 - -

THIRD YEAR BPT (DURATION 25 – 36 MONTHS)

Subject Teaching hours

Main subjects: For University Examination

1. General Medicine &

Subsidiary subjects: Not for University Examination

6. Supervised Clinical 16.5 500 - -

FORTH YEAR BPT (DURATION 37– 48 MONTHS)

Subject Teaching hours

Main subjects: For University Examination

1. Clinical Neurology &

Subsidiary subjects: Not for University Examination

6. Ethics and Management 1 20 20 -

2.9. Schedule of the examination

There will be two examinations in a year (regular and supplementary), to be