Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Effect of Education Lactation On Breastfeeding Behavior Infant 0-6 Months in Kendari Indonesia
The Effect of Education Lactation On Breastfeeding Behavior Infant 0-6 Months in Kendari Indonesia
Nurmiaty et al. Public Health of Indonesia. 2016 June;2(2): 100-111 ISSN: 2477-1570
http://stikbar.org/ycabpublisher/index.php/PHI/index
Original Research
*Correspondence:
Nurmiaty
Medical Science of Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Email : [email protected]
Copyright: © the author(s), YCAB publisher and Public Health of Indonesia. This is an open-access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Background: Provision of breast milk (ASI) is important because it lowers the risk of morbidity and
mortality in infants. Breast milk is the ideal food for a baby's growth and development from birth to age 6
months. Thus, the appropriate interventions to improve the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding is really
needed.
Aim: To determine the effect of education lactation on behavior breastfeeding for infants 0-6 months.
Methods: This was Quasy Experiment study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Samples
mother (gestational age ≥28-32 weeks) were divided into 3 groups: 1) those who received education
lactation and a modification module (n = 21), 2) a group that only received a modification module (n = 21)
and 3) a group that only received the MCH book (n = 20). Data were collected using a questionnaire, the
implementation of the pre-test before starting lactation education, the first post-test after the intervention
with a lag time of 2 months and the second post-test after the intervention with a lag time of 3 months.
Results: There had been an increase of knowledge and attitude scores in each group and the highest in the
group 1. At the age of 0-3 months, there was a difference in breastfeeding in all groups. In the sixth month,
there was a change in group 2, while group 3 had no change, but some mothers given partially breastfed and
formula. The tendency of increasing age of the baby causes mothers to give formula milk, but in group 1,
majority of women still gave exclusive breastfeeding until the baby 6 months old. It was shown that there
was an influence of lactation education on behavior of breastfeeding infants 0-6 months.
Conclusion: Education lactation can improve knowledge, attitudes and behavior of mother to give
breastfeeding up to 6 months.
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
100
for exclusive breastfeeding for six months the practice of breast-feeding was carried
and breastfeeding with complementary out at postnatal period. In early lactation,
foods (solids) at least 12 or 24 months.1 difficulties often occur so that
Breast milk is the ideal food for growth breastfeeding becomes ineffective and
and development of infants from birth until even halted. Therefore, education on
the age of 6 months. The practice of breastfeeding should be continued in the
breastfeeding in developing countries have postnatal period.
managed to save about 1.5 million babies The decline in breast-feeding will
per year. So one of the efforts to improve lead to the emergence of nutritional
nutrition is by giving exclusive problems in infants 0-6 months. So
breastfeeding and baby has a right to get intervention is needed to improve the
it.2 coverage of breastfeeding. However,
Breastfeeding is the extragestation evidence of effective interventions to
period with breasts as "external placenta", improve exclusive breastfeeding is still
because breast replace the function of the rare. The results showed that antenatal
placenta not only in providing nutrients for education and counseling are quite helpful
the baby, but also very important in in breastfeeding. The results of the study in
children's development. When Japan showed that it is very important to
breastfeeding, there is reciprocal provide an accurate prenatal education that
interaction between mother and baby.3 focuses on methods and long-term benefits
The benefits of breastfeeding is a of breastfeeding to the mothers, families
protective factor against certain diseases and health professionals. Prenatal
for baby and mother. By breastfeeding, the education for mothers and fathers
baby can be protected from gastrointestinal regarding breastfeeding should be
6
disease, otitis media, respiratory infections, improved. Research on the effectiveness
neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. of prenatal education programs with the
Breastfeeding may also lower the risk of outcome is breastfeeding, the result of
cancer in women include breast cancer and mothers in the intervention group had
ovarium.4 Unfortunately, many people are higher scores on breastfeeding knowledge
not aware of this and tend to choose and attitudes towards breastfeeding on the
formula instead of breast milk. third day in postpartum period. The sum of
The low exclusive breastfeeding exclusive breastfeeding higher in the
is caused by internal and external factors. intervention group at 3 days and 1 month
Internal factors include the lack of postpartum.7
knowledge and mother attitude. External Nowadays, in maternal health
factors include the lack of family support, services, the information about
community, health professionals and breastfeeding is giving when mothers come
government, the promotion of milk for getting antenatal care and attend
formula, social and cultural factors as well pregnant class or during examination of
as the lack of availability of maternal and pregnant women, midwife immediately
child health care facilities.5 provide an explanation of breastfeeding,
To improve breastfeeding especially in the final trimester of
practice, lactation training should be pregnancy. Giving information about
conducted. Giving education about breastfeeding integrated in pregnant class
breastfeeding has been done only during program and was held at the health center,
pregnancy, which is included in for do 4-5 sessions. In the implementation of
pregnant women class materials. Though this class, breastfeeding information given
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
101
at the 2nd and 4th meeting, which is about The lactation education that used a
the early initiation of breastfeeding, modification module had the materials
position and attachment of breastfeeding. such as the importance of breastfeeding,
Given the explanation above, exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation of
some ongoing interventions that began breastfeeding, the advantages of
from pregnant mother until childbearing breastfeeding, milk formula and prelacteal
process to oversee postnatal breastfeeding food hazards, myths about breastfeeding,
period are needed. This matters because breastfeeding including positioning and
the failure of breastfeeding mothers, is due attachment; recognize early changes in
to the emergence of problems in early breast milk and mature milk, granting
lactation and sometimes untouched by mothers to breastfeed at work: express the
health professionals. This study aimed to milk; address the issue of breastfeeding:
determine the effect of lactation education mother and baby, knowing the baby
to breastfeeding practice of mother. enough milk, the nutritional needs of
nursing mothers and support of husband in
METHODS breastfeeding. Using a power point
This was Quasy Experimental study with presentation of the material, baby phantom,
pre-test and post-test design with control models of breast and equipment for
group. Sample of study were pregnant expressing milk (breast milk pump and
women with gestational age of ≥28-32 milk bottles).
weeks, located in Public Health Centers Checklists and questionnaires that
(Puskesmas) in Kendari (Puskesmas were used in this study include:
Poasia, Puskesmas Mekar and Puskesmas 1) Social data: age, ethnicity, education,
Puuwatu). occupation, income, parity, history and
The samples were divided into 3 feeding babies.
groups: 1) those who received education 2) Knowledge of the breast milk
lactation and module modification (n = questionnaire with total of 20 questions
21), 2) a group that only received the covering materials on: definition of
module modification (n = 21), and 3) a exclusive breastfeeding, colostrum,
group that only received the MCH book (n benefits of breastfeeding, early
= 20). initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding
The intervention in this study was way, danger of formula milk/ food
firstly doing the initial screening of prelacteal and excellence breastfeeding
maternal health of samples to adjust the than formula.
gestational age. Further, giving lactation 3) Attitudes toward breastfeeding
education two times during prenatal and questionnaires with 18 questions using
two times postnatal, then followed up closed questions with the likert scale
breastfeeding until the baby is 6 months included: nutrition during pregnancy, early
old. Lactation Education in pregnant initiation of breastfeeding, colostrum,
women was more focused on improving exclusive breastfeeding, the benefits of
the knowledge and skills in breastfeeding. breastfeeding, problems with breastfeeding
Lactation education was given to prenatal and formula feeding.
and postnatal care, whereas breastfeeding Data were analyzed using SPSS
practices was determined by the intake of (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).
food from birth until the time of the study, The homogeneity of the characteristics of
the duration of breastfeeding until the baby the respondents was analyzed using chi
was 6 months old. square, the effect of education on
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
102
breastfeeding practise was analyzed by the age group, ethnicity, level of education
Wilcoxon test, and to test the difference in attained, employment status, family
change of scores between groups was income and parity. The division of the
using the Kruskal Wallis test. research group is Group 1 as the group of
lactation education using a modification
RESULTS module, group 2 is a group without a class
Characteristics of Respondents only uses a modification module, and the
Overall the number of respondents 62 third group is a group without a class,
mothers were divided into 3 groups. simply use the MCH handbook. This can
Characteristics of respondents displayed is be seen in Table 1 below:
According to the table 1, the age group of in group 1, 81% of group 2 and 80% in
most respondents were 20-35 years old group 3. Most of the respondents did not
(76.2%) in group 1 and 2, while the third work (IRT) is 90.5% in group 1, 85.7% in
group as much as 80%. At the ethnicity group 2 and 75% in group 3. The family
group, the most was in other tribes, income of respondents was generally high
namely 42.9% in group 1 and 45% of (≥ Rp. 1,650,000), ie 52.4% in group 1,
group 3, while the ethnicity in group 2 76.2% in group 2 and 65% in group 3.
majority was Tolaki (42,9%). Education Most of the respondents had parity
respondents were generally high at 76.2% multiparas (> 1 child) ie 52.4% in group 1,
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
103
71.4% in group 2 and 80% in group 3. The without being offered food or other drink,
results obtained with chi square test had p except drop or syrups consisting of
values> 0.05, which was indicated that the vitamins, minerals, supplements or drugs,
characteristic conditions of the three study there was also the provision of water.
groups was homogeneous. Results of research on breastfeeding can be
Breastfeeding seen in Table 2.
Breastfeeding practices were prescribed by
the baby that fed by breast milk only,
Table 2 showed that at the time of delivery, breastfeeding was still the same as the third
all respondents gave exclusive month. Chi square test results showed that
breastfeeding, except in groups 2 and 3 at the beginning of the month did not
that there were mothers who feed formula found differences in breastfeeding infants,
milk because breast milk did not come out. but in the first, third and sixth month,
In the first month, there was the second breastfeeding differences were found in all
group only had 2 partial breast-fed infants, three groups (p <0.05). This was due to
whereas in group 3 there was a decline of many of respondents in groups of 2 and 3
breastfeeding exclusively. In the third gave partially breastfed and formula.
month, there was a decline of exclusive
breastfeeding in group 2 and 3, and the Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers
amount of formula feeding increases. At Lactation Education is expected to increase
month 6, in group 1 contained 1 partial the knowledge and attitudes of mothers
breastfeeding mothers, as well as in group about the importance of breastfeeding, this
2, the amount who gave a partial it will change the behavior of the mother in
breastfeeding increases. In group 3, the breastfeeding. Changes in current
amount of which giving exclusive knowledge score pre test, post test 1 and
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
104
post test 2 can be calculated by assuming measurement. Wilcoxon statistical test
knowledge score of isomor fhi. Score of results indicated that the respondent’s
mother's knowledge at the beginning, T1 knowledge score was significant in post
and the last averaged to see changes in test 1 in all groups. The score of
knowledge score after obtaining education knowledge of baseline was between 14.3 to
lactation. 15.6; and after education, the average score
In Table 3, all respondents had an of knowledge of mothers changed from
increase in knowledge compared to 16.5 to 19.3 (Table 3). Changes in the
baseline measurements. It was shown that average score of knowledge before and
there were differences in knowledge at the after the intervention also could be seen in
beginning of the measurement with the Figure 1.
second measurement and the third
Table 3. Changes of Knowledge and Attitudes of Respondent Before and After Intervention
based on Intra-Group
Variable T0 T1(p) T2 (p)
Knowledge
Group 1 (n=21) 15,67±0,730 17,19±0,98(0,000) 19,33±0,58(0,000)
Group 2 (n=21) 14,57±2,56 16,10±3,315 (0,000) 17,57±1,81(0,000)
Group 3 (n=20) 14,30±2,41 15,50±2,89(0,000) 16,50±2,26(0,000)
Attitude
Group 1 (n=21) 49,67±4,39 53,76±5,22 (0,000) 61,43±3,40(0,000)
Group 2 (n=21) 47,24±6,34 51,76±7,11(0,000) 54,43±6,94(0,000)
Group 3 (n=20) 46,25±8,85 49,35±9,91(0,000) 51,60±8,65(0,000)
Attitude is a response of mother to the after the intervention can be seen in Figure
breastfeeding. Table 3 showed a significant 2.
increase in respondents' attitudes that Figure 1 showed that at the
began in the second measurement (post- beginning of the measurement, the highest
test I) in all groups. Wilcoxon statistical average of knowledge score was in group
test results indicated that the attitude of the 1, and the lowest was in group 3. At the
respondent started a significant score in the end of the measurement, the highest
post test 1 in all groups. Distribution of knowledge score was in group 1, then
respondents' attitudes change before and group 2, while the lowest score was the
third group.
19.33
19
17.57
Average Score
17.19
Group
1
17
16.1
Group
2
14.57
15.67
15.5
16.5
15
Group
3
14.3
13
T0
Time measurement
T1
T2
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
105
Figure 2 showed at the beginning highest improved of attitudes score was in
of the measurement, the average score of group 1, followed by group 2, and the
the attitude of the respondents was lowest score of the attitude of the
between 46.25 to 49.67. The average of respondent was in group 3.
last score was from 51.6 to 61.43. The
65
61.43
Average Score
60
53.76
54.43
51.76
Group
1
55
47.24
49.67
50
49.53
51.6
Group
2
45
46.25
T0
T1
T2
Group
3
Time Measurement
Different knowledge score (Δ1) was Wallis test results found there was
obtained from the score of the current differences in knowledge among the three
knowledge of T1 minus the score of initial groups in Δ2, but not on Δ1. In terms of
knowledge, and Δ2 acquired knowledge the increase in score, the highest increase
score when T2 (end) minus the initial is group 1. It was shown that there was
knowledge score. To compare the influence of lactation education through
difference between the knowledge score training to increase knowledge score of
test was used Kruskal Wallis test. Kruskal respondents (Table 4).
Table 4. Difference Score of Respondents Knowledge and Attitude Before And After
Intervention by intra-group
Variable ∆1 P ∆2 p
Knowledge
Group 1 (n=21) 1,52 3,67
Group 2 (n=21) 1,52 0,542 3,00 0,000
Group 3 (n=20) 1,20 2,20
Attitude
Group 1 (n=21) 4,10 11,76
Group 2 (n=21) 4,52 0,201 7,19 0,000
Group 3 (n=20) 3,10 5,35
Table 4 showed that the results of Kruskal training to increase scores attitudes of
test found there was a difference in attitude respondents.
among the three groups in Δ2, but no
differences were found in Δ1. In terms of Differences breastfeeding behaviour after
the increase in score, the highest increase giving lactation education
was group 1. This showed that there was Table 5 showed when the initial
an influence of lactation education through measurement, all respondents in group 1
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
106
gave exclusively breastfeeding, while in which means there was difference between
group 2 and 3 there were three mothers the treatment of breastfeeding with the
gave formula milk. At the end of the control group. It was shown that in group
measurement, in group 1, there was one 1, all mothers majority of exclusive
respondent gave partially breastfed, breastfeeding until the baby was 6 months
whereas in group 2 and 3, more of old, which means that lactation education
respondent gave partial breastfeeding than affected on exclusive breastfeeding. In
formula milk. Results of Chi Square test group 2, generally the mother was still
indicated there was no p value in group 1, exclusive breastfeeding (18 mothers), so it
because all respondents at the beginning was said that the module lactation helped
were giving breastfeeding only. While the mothers to continue providing exclusive
second group gained p value > 0.05, which breastfeeding to their children; whereas in
means there was no difference in the group 3, mothers remain exclusive
breastfeeding at the beginning of the end. breastfeeding by 17 mothers, while 3 had
The third group obtained value p <0.05, changed from breast milk to formula.
Last Breastfeeding
Early Breast milk Total P
Group Formula
Breastfeeding Breast milk + Formula
milk
milk
n % n % n % n %
I Breast milk 20 95,2 1 4,8 0 0,0 21 100.0
Total 20 95,2 1 4,8 0 0,0 21 100,0 -
2 Breast milk 6 28,6 8 38,1 4 19,0 18 85.7
Formula milk 0 0,0 2 9,5 1 4,8 3 14.3 0,497
Total 6 28,6 10 47,6 5 23,8 21 100,0
3 Breast milk 10 50,0 3 15,0 4 20,0 17 85.0
Formula milk 0 0,0 0 0,0 3 15,0 3 15.0 0,038
Total 10 50,0 3 15,0 7 35,0 20 100,0
Breastfeeding was determined based on the only breastfed exclusively, but when the
practice of feeding infants with exclusive age of baby increasse, the mother began to
breastfeeding only without being offered add breast milk with formula milk (partial
food or other drink, except drop or syrups breastfeeding) and the amount of the only
consisting of vitamins, minerals, formula feeding increases. Breastfeeding
supplements or drugs, there was also the Practices changes from pre-test, post test 1,
provision of water. Distribution changes of post test 2 and post-test 3 can be seen in
exclusive breastfeeding before and after Table 6.
the intervention can be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3 showed that at the beginning of
the measurement, generally the mother
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
107
Figure 3. Changes in Practices of Giving Exclusive Breastfeeding
25 21 21 21 20
Table 6. The Exclusive breastfeeding practices difference Before And After intervention
based on intra-group
Breastfeeding Practice T0 ∆1 ∆2
Group 1 (n=21) 21 0 (1,000) 1 (0,317)
Group 2 (n=21) 18 5 (0,273) 12 (0,06)
Group 3 (n=20) 17 7 (0,15) 7 (0,15)
Table 6 indicated that the Wilcoxon test growing skills. Changes in behavior occurs
results found no difference in breastfeeding because of changes (additions) knowledge
in all groups from the age of 0 months to 3 or skills and their attitudes change very
month old baby. At 6 months there was a clear.9 The aim of health education are: 1)
change in group 2, while the first group change of knowledge / understanding,
had no changes in breastfeeding. In group opinions, and concepts; 2) change of
3, some mothers given partial attitudes and perceptions, and 3) installing
breastfeeding and formula feeding. But the new better of behaviors / practices.
changes were not significant. The The results of this study showed
increasing age of the baby, the mother had that the group who received education
to give formula, but in group 1 the majority lactation (group 1) had score of
of women still gave only breast milk until knowledge and attitude higher compared
the baby was 6 months old. It was shown with groups 2 and 3, who only received a
that there was an influence of lactation modification module and MCH books.
training to the practice of breastfeeding This is relevant to the previous research on
mothers. the effectiveness of prenatal education
program with the outcome of
DISCUSSION breastfeeding, the result of mothers in the
Health education process to achieve the intervention group had higher scores on
educational goals of behavior change is breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes
influenced by many factors. Changes in towards breastfeeding on the third day
behavior are the result of the change after postpartum. The sum of exclusive
the learning process. The process of breastfeeding is higher in the intervention
attitude change from no confident to be group at 3 days postpartum and one month
more confident is due to knowledge or postpartum. 7
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
108
Increased knowledge score is due mother's attitude toward breastfeeding and
to the treatment of health education influenced by people who are in her social
undertaken during prenatal and continued connection, like husband, grandmother,
in postnatal time. This motivates the brother or friend. The role of parents in the
mother to find out more things related to decision to breastfeed exclusively or not is
breastfeeding and lactation. The intensity so big, especially if the breast-feeding
of health education is also one factor mothers living with parents or in-laws.
affecting the increase of knowledge, thus Besides, the influences of other social
becoming more frequent contact between culture is feeding practices beside breast
the mother and giver of health education, milk such as provision of fruit at the age of
the more often the mother gets knowledge 2 months and formula feeding, it shape the
that will indirectly increase the knowledge behavior of the mother to provide
of the mother. Another benefit of the additional food or drink other than breast
intensity of health education is the milk so that this condition becomes a habit
repeating of information into a supporting that occurs continuously in the community.
factor in understanding the mother to such This is common initiated because of babies
information. Information or knowledge crying so that families feel that only
that is often repeated can improve breastfeeding alone is not sufficient for
knowledge retention.10 breastfed infants, babies need to be given
Whereas in group 2 and 3 was extra food to keep from crying again.
also an increase of knowledge, it could be For primiparous women who are
due to the attention that is done in the form not planning to breastfeed, the strongest
of home visits to all the samples not only concern is that the intention of
the group who has given education. It aims breastfeeding will be painful, difficult, and
to determine the infant feeding until 6 has a negative impact on the body.14
months old, where visits were made at the Mothers with successful previous
time of birth in the clinic and the next at breastfeeding experience, will have a
month 1, month 3 and month 6. And the greater opportunity to successfully
increase could be due to the knowledge breastfeed when compared with the bad
gained through reading modification experiences before. Issue of a lack of
information module or MCH book confidence or poor self-efficacy mother, in
acquired before. Home visit, group which the mother is not sure of her breast
meetings, monitoring session are good milk adequacy problems or she has a
opportunity to share information (WHO, problem in belief that she can successfully
2003).11 breastfeed, it is an important barrier to the
Good knowledge will have an provision of ASI.15
impact on the attitude of support. Factors relating to exclusivity and
Formation and attitude change can be duration of breastfeeding among others:
caused by the knowledge gained from both lack of knowledge and lack of confidence
formal and non-formal education and in the mother, does not have enough
experience which attitude is a form of expertise in the techniques of breast
passive behavior s.12 Important determinant feeding and management problems
of behavior is an intention. Women who commonly encountered when
expressed the intention to breastfeed, is a breastfeeding (such as swelling of the
very strong predictor of initiation and breast, the perception of insufficient breast
duration of breastfeeding.13 The intention milk, nipples inflamed, etc.),
of breastfeeding is influenced by the pacifier/dummie, lack of physical and
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
109
psychological support that received during health education together, it will give the
the period of lactation from family results in improvement of maternal health
members, health care professionals, the use behavior, when compared if women are
of pacifiers/dummies by working mothers, only given health education alone.21
exposure information from sources as
diverse norms and culture with regard to CONCLUSION
exclusive breastfeeding that improper The results of this study indicate
among family members, peers, and that education lactation during pregnancy
society.16,17 and after childbirth improve knowledge
After giving birth is a critical and attitudes of the nursing mothers, and
period in breastfeeding as breastfeeding influence mothers to practice exclusive
problems that appear. It is expected that breastfeeding until the baby is 6 months
the postnatal health education will help old. So, it is necessary continuous lactation
women to improve their abilities and skills education program from prenatal to
facing of difficulties in breastfeeding. postnatal to increase exclusive
Antenatal education and counseling are breastfeeding practices involving the
quite helpful in breastfeeding, 68% of husband or the mother's family.
mothers said that early breastfeeding
problems are the main reason they stopped REFERENCES
breastfeeding before two months after 1. World Health Organization. The
childbearing process.5 Another barrier is optimal duration of exclusive
the lack of knowledge about breastfeeding breastfeeding: report of an expert
and lack of support from the health consultation. Geneva: WHO, 2001.
professionals.18 In this study, a group of 2. Kemenkes RI . Rencana Aksi
pregnant women who get lactation Akselerasi Pemberian ASI Eksklusif
education demonstrated the ability to 2012-2014. Jakarta: Ditjend Bina Gizi
continue to give only breast milk until the dan KIA Direktorat Bina Gizi, 2013.
baby is 6 months old. In line with the 3. Soetjiningsih. Tumbuh kembang anak.
results of research on prenatal Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran
breastfeeding education and breastfeeding EGC, 2008.
outcomes, the result is mothers who taking 4. Allen, L. & Hector, D. Benefits of
prenatal classes significantly increase the Breastfeeding. NSW Public Health
duration of breastfeeding 6 months, when Bull 2005; 16(3-4):42-46.
compared with the group control.19 5. Mattar, C.N., Chong, Y.S., Chan, Y.S,
Other research results are also et al. Simple antenatal preparation to
consistent with the results of this study, improve breastfeeding practice: a
that education about breastfeeding during randomized kontrolled trial. Obstet
antenatal and postnatal lactation support, Gynecol 2007; 109:73-80.
both increase the rate of exclusive 6. Inoue, M., Binns, C. W., Katsuki, Y. &
breastfeeding until 6 months after Ouchi, M. Japanese mothers'
childbearing process.20 Support given to breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes
the postnatal period is more effective than assessed by the Iowa Infant Feeding
the education in antenatal period. Prenatal Attitudes Scale. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
education for mothers and fathers 2013; 22, 261-5.
regarding breastfeeding should be 7. Lin, S.S., Chien, L.Y., Tai, C.J., & Lee,
increased.6 Results showed that pregnant C.F. Effectiveness of a prenatal
women and their partners should be given education programme on breastfeeding
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
110
outcomes in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs 2008; month: A Qualitatif Study in North
17(3):296-303. Jakarta. Jakarta: SEAMEO-
8. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Perencanaan TROPMED Regional Center of
Program Gerakan 1000 Hari Pertama Community Nutrition, University of
Kehidupan. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI, Indonesia, 2006.
2012. 17. Lawrence, R.A. & Lawrence, R.M.
9. Nursalam & Efendi, F. pendidikan Breastfeeding: a guide for the medical
dalam keperawatan. Jakarta: Penerbit profession. 6th edition.
Salemba Medika, 2012. Philadellphia,USA: Mosby Inc, 2005.
10. Notoatmodjo, S., Pendidikan dan 18. Foo, L.L., Quek, S.J., Ng S.A., Lim,
Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka M.T., Deurenberg-Yap, M.
110
Cipta, 2003. Breastfeeding prevalence and practices
11. World Health Organization. among Singaporean Chinese, Malay
Implementing The global Strategi for and Indian mothers. Health Promot Int
infant and young Child Feeding. 2005; 20:229-37.
Department of Child and Adolescent 19. Rosen, I.M., Krueger, M.V., Carney,
Health and Development. Geneva: L.M., & Graham, J.A., Prenatal
Swiss 2003. breastfeeding education and
12. Azwar, S. Sikap Manusia: Teori dan breastfeeding outcomes. MCN Am J
Pengukurannya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Matern Child Nurs 2008; Sep-
Pelajar, 2005. Oct;33(5):315-9.
13. Blyth, R., Creedy, D. K., Dennis, C.-L., 20. Su, L. L., Chong, Y. S., Chan, Y. H.,
Moyle, W., Pratt, J., & De Vries, S. M. Chan, Y. S., Fok, D., Tun, K. T., Ng, F.
Effect of maternal confidence on S. & Rauff, M. Antenatal education
breastfeeding duration: An application and postnatal support strategies for
of breastfeeding self-efficacy theory. improving rates of exclusive breast
Birth: Issues in Perinatal Care 2002; feeding: randomised kontrolled trial.
29(4), 278-284. Bmj 2007; 335, 596.
14. Kloeblen-Tarver, A. S., Thompson, N. 21. Bhatta, D.N., Involvement of males in
J., & Miner, K. R. Intent to breast-feed: antenatal care, birth preparedness,
The impact of attitudes, norms, parity, exclusive breast feeding and
and experience. American Journal of immunizations for children in
Health Behavior (2002); 26(3), 182- Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC Pregnancy
187. Childbirth 2013; 13, 14.
15. Yngve. A & Sjostrom, M.
Breastfeeding determinants and a Cite this article as: Nurmiaty, Arsin AA,
suggested framework for action in Sirajuddin S, Syafar M. The Effect of
Europe. Public Health Nutrition 2001; Education Lactation on Breastfeeding
4(2B): 729-739. Behavior Infant 0-6 Months in Kendari
16. Septiari, A.M., Februhartanty, J. & Indonesia. Public Health of Indonesia
Bardosono, S. Practice and Attitude 2016; 2(2):100-111
of Midwives Toward the Current
Exclusive breastfeeding policy until six
©Public Health of Indonesia – YCAB Publisher, Volume 2, Issue 2, April-June 2016 |
111