Qualitative Analysis (Anion)

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Heating in dry test tube
A-1. What is importance of dry tests and it is applicable to which kind of substances ?
A-2. Give the observation when each of the following is heated in a dry test tube. Also give balanced
equations :
(a) HgCO3 (b) NH4NO2
(c) (NH4Cl + NaNO3) mixture (d) Pb(NO3)2
Section (B) : Flame and borax bead test
B-1. Why compounds shows colours in flame test ?
B-2. Is intensity of colour in flame test, depends upon the concentration of metal present ?
B-3. Why is a green flame not obtained in the case of barium sulphate or barium phosphate ?
2
 Cu ,
B-4. Colourless salt (A) 
740C
 (B) + (C)   blue coloured bead (D)
Identify the compound (A), (B), (C) and (D).

Section (C) : dil. HCl / dil. H2SO4 group

C-1. Why is sodium carbonate extract acidified before performing the confirmatory test for anions ?
C-2. Can sodium carbonate extract be used test for CO32– ions ?
C-3. What will happen if a solution of Ca(HCO3)2, formed by passing the carbon dioxide through a milky
solution of CaCO3 for a longer time if, ammonia solution is added ?
C-4. What will happen if bromine water is added in a white precipitate of BaSO3 ?
C-5. Salt (A) + lime water  white precipitate 
white precipitate + prolong passage of gas (B)  it forms soluble salt (C), gas (B) has burning
sulphur smell Identify the anion of salt (A) and (C).
C-6. What will happen ? (Also write the chemical equations) .
(a) When a filter paper moistened with potassium iodate and starch solution is brought in contact with
sulphur dioxide gas.
(b) When H2S gas is made to react with sodium tetrahydroxidoplumbate(II) solution.
(c) When sulphite reacts with dilute H2SO4 in presence of zinc
C-7. A nitrite solution is added to a saturated solution of iron(II) acidified with dilute acetic acid or with dilute
sulphuric acid. If any reactions occurs then write the name and chemical composition of the products
formed. Also write the chemical equations involved.
Section (D) : Conc. H2SO4 group
D-1. Why is it necessary to test for the acid radicals first with dil. H2SO4 and then with conc. H2SO4?
D-2. Why chromyl chloride test is carried out in a dry test tube ?
D-3. Why bromides and iodides do not respond to chromyl chloride test ?
D-4. NaCl on heating with conc. H2SO4 gives HCl where as NaBr and NaI give Br2 and I2 respetively, why?
D-5. Dilute Hydrochloric acid contains chloride ions but it doesnot give positive chromyl chloride test, why ?

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)

Salt with X¯ anions

D-6.
+ conc. H2SO4 + MnO2 /

Green Yellow gas Red Brown gas Violet gas

(A) (B) (C)
Organic layer test Organic layer test Organic layer test

(Not given) Red brown colour Violet colour

excess of Cl2 water excess of Cl2 water

Yellow solution Colourless solution

(D) (E)

Identify the gas A, B and C.

D-7. Why heavy metal chlorides such as Hg2Cl2, AgCl, PbCl2 etc. do not respond to chromyl chloride test.
D-8. Why is a freshly prepared solution of FeSO4 used for the detection of nitrate and nitrite ?

Section (E) : Precipitation Reactions

E-1. Cu2+ and Ba2+ interfere in the flame test for borate, why ?
E-2. In which of the following reagents, the white precipitate of PbSO 4 is soluble ?
dilute HCl, hot concentrated H2SO4, ammonium acetate (6M), ammonium tartrate 6M in the presence of
ammonia, sodium hydroxide solution.
E-3. How will you distinguish between sulphite and sulphate ions ?

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : Heating in dry test tube
A-1. When a metal sulphate is heated in dry test tube, the colour changes from blue to white. Then metal
sulphate may be :
(A) BaSO4 (B) CuSO4.5H2O (C) Na2SO4 (D) None of these
A-2. Which of the following can not evolve more than one gas (vapour) if heated in dry test tube.
(A) NaNO3(s) (B) MgCO3(s) (C) FeSO4(s) (D) (NH4)2Cr2O7(s)
A-3. On heating, a white amorphous inorganic compound becomes yellow and on cooling, turns white
again.The salt may be
(A) PbCO3 (B) MgCO3 (C) ZnCO3 (D) K2CO3
A-4. Which of the following metal carbonates liberate. CO2(g) on heating :
(A) Na2CO3 (B) K2CO3 (C) Rb2CO3 (D) Ag2CO3
A-5. In which of the following reactions a brown coloured gas is evolved ?

(A) KBr (s) + dil. H2SO4  (B) NH4NO2 

(C) NaNO3 800
 
ºC
(D) AgNO3(s) + conc. H2SO4 

Section (B) : Flame and borax bead test

B-1. Why is concentrated HCl used to dissolve the given metal salt in the flame test ?
(A) strong acids produce better flame test.
(B) HCl is volatile
(C) Volatile metal chloride produce better flame test.
(D) sharper coloured are seen in the flame in presence of Cl – ions.

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)
B-2. The hottest part of the flame of a Bunsen burner is the   
(A) Blue Zone (B) Zone of complete combustion
(C) Zone fo partial combustion (D) All parts of the flame are equally hot.
B-3. Metal (M) shows crimson red colour in flame test and its halide is deliquescent then metal (M) could be:
(A) Li (B) Mg (C) Ca (D) Ba
B-4. In Borax bead test, metal oxides react with B2O3 and form a coloured bead. This bead contains.
(A) orthoborate ion (B) metaborate ion (C) double oxide (D) tetraborate ion
B-5. Which one of the following ions does not give borax bead test :
(A) Cr3+ (B) Cu2+ (C) Mn2+ (D) Zn2+
B-6. In the Borax bead test of Co2+, the blue colour of bead is due to the formation of :
(A) B2O3 (B) Co3B2 (C) Co(BO2)2 (D) CoO
B-7. A salt gives white residue in charcoal cavity test but in cobalt nitrate test it gives pink mass. It
represents:
–3
(A) Zn+2 (B) Al+3 (C) Mg+2 (D) PO 4

Section (C) : dil. HCl / dil. H2SO4 group

C-1. Which of the following anions are identified by dil. HCl :
(A) NO2–, NO3–, CO32– (B) NO2–, NO3–, SO32– (C) S2–, SO32–, NO2– (D) CH3COO–, I–, CO32–
C-2. Two inorganic compounds A and B were heated in a dry test tube. A evolved a colourless gas which
turned lead acetate paper black and B evolved a gas which turned lime water milky. The anions in A
and B respectively are :
(A) SO32– , CO32– (B) S2–, CO32– (C) PO34– , HSO3– (D) S2–, NO3–

C-3. If addition of conc. H2SO4 is made to an unknown salt, a colourless and odourless gas is produced then
which of the following can be present ?
(A) CO32– (B) S2– (C) Cl¯ (D) NO3–

C-4. A gas turns lime water milky and acidified K2Cr2O7 solution green then gas is :
(A) HCl (B) H2S (C) SO2 (D) CO2
C-5. A gas has smell like rotten egg and turns lead acetate paper black. The gas is :
(A) NO2 (B) H2S (C) CO2 (D) SO2

Rotten egg smell

(P)

 dil. H2SO4
C-6.
CdCO3 suspension –2 (CH3COO)2Pb
Yellow ppt  Salt with X anion Black ppt 
(S) (Q)
Sodium Nitroprusside

Violet
(R)

Anion (X2–) is:

(A) CO32– (B) SO32– (C) S2– (D) S2O32–
C-7. The acidic solution of a salt produces blue colour with KI starch solution. The reaction indicates the
presence of :        
(A) Sulphite (B) Bromide (C) Nitrite (D) Chloride
C-8. Sulphide ion reacts with Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] to form a purple coloured compound (X). In this reaction
oxidation state of iron.
(A) changes from +2 to +3 (B) changes from +3 to +2
(C) changes from +2 to +4 (D) does not change.

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)
Section (D) : Conc. H2SO4 group
D-1. Which of the following pair of anions are identified by conc. H2SO4.
(A) NO3–, CO32– (B) Cl–, NO3– (C) Br–, CO32– (D) CO32–, CH3COO–
D-2. Which of the following anion behaves in a different manner than other on heating with conc. H2SO4?
(A) Cl¯ (B) I¯
(C) Br¯ (D) All behave in a similar manner
D-3. Which of the following reagents turns white precipitate of AgCl yellow ?
(A) NaNO3 (B) Na3AsO3 (C) Na3AsO4 (D) NaCN
D-4. A Unknown salt (S) when heated with dil. H2SO4 does not evolve brown vapours but with conc. H2SO4
brown vapours are obtained. The vapours when brought in contact with AgNO 3 solution do not give any
precipitate. The salt (S) contains.
(A) NO2– (B) NO3– (C) – (D) Br–
D-5. When a mixture of solid NaCl and solid K2Cr2O7 is heated with concentrated H2SO4, deep red vapours
are obtained. This is due to the formation of :
(A) chromous chloride (B) chromyl chloride (C) chromic chloride (D) chromic sulphate
D-6. AgCl dissolves in ammonia solution giving :
(A) Ag+, NH4+ and Cl– (B) [Ag(NH3)]+ and Cl–
(C) [Ag2(NH3)]2+ and Cl– (D) [Ag(NH3)2]+ and Cl–
D-7. A mixture upon adding conc. H2SO4 gives deep red fumes. Mixture may contain the anions pair :
(A) Cr2O72– and Cl– (B) Br– and Cr2O72– (C) NO3– and Cl– (D) CrO42– and NO32–
D-8. A solution of a salt in concentrated H2SO4 produced a deep blue colour with starch iodide solution. The
salt may contain :
(A) chloride (B) carbonate (C) acetate (D) bromide
D-9. A colourless solution of a compound gives a precipitate with AgNO 3 solution but no precipitate with a
solution of Na2CO3. The action of concentrated H2SO4 on the compound liberates a suffocating reddish
brown gas. The compound is :
(A) Ba(CH3COO)2 (B) CaCl2 (C) NaI (D) NaBr
D-10. Which of the following gas turn starch iodide paper blue?
(A) CO2 (B) SO2 (C) NO2 (D) H2S
D-11. Nitrate is confirmed by ring test. The brown colour of the ring is due to formation of :
(A) ferrous nitrite (B) nitroso ferrous sulphate
(C) ferrous nitrate (D) FeSO4 .NO2
Section (E) : Precipitation Reactions
E-1. When a mixture containing phosphate is heated with conc. HNO 3 and ammonium molybdate solution, a
canary yellow precipitate is formed. The formula of the yellow precipitate is :
(A) (NH4)3PO4 (B) (NH4)3PO4.12MoO4 (C) (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 (D) (NH4)3PO4.(NH4)2MO4
E-2. A metal salt solution gives a yellow precipitate with silver nitrate. The precipitate dissolves in dil. Nitric
acid as well as in ammonium hydroxide. The solution contains. 
(A) Br– (B) I– (C) PO43– (D) SO42–

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Match the anions with the changes observed on qualitative analysis :
Column-I Column-II
(A) SO42– (p) Canary yellow ppt. with ammonium molybdate.
(B) NO3– (q) Brown ring test.
(C) NO2– (r) White ppt. with BaCl2 solution.
(D) PO43– (s) Yellow ppt. with AgNO3 solution.
(t) White ppt. with AgNO3 solution.

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)
2. Match the reagent which are used in qualitative analysis of given anions :
Column-I Column-II
(A) AgNO3 solution (p) CO32–
(B) BaCl2 solution (q) Cl–
(C) Pb(NO3)2 solution (r) S2–
(D) Acidified KMnO4 solution (s) NO2–

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. The compound formed in the borax bead test of Cu2+ ion in oxidising flame is : 
(A) Cu (B) CuBO2 (C) Cu(BO2)2 (D) None of these
2. A fire work gave bright crimson red light. It probably contained a salt of : 
(A) Ca (B) Sr (C) Ba (D) Mg
3. Alkali metal salt “X” gives a pale violet colour in flame test “X” is : 
(A) NaCl (B) LiCl (C) KCl (D) None of these
4. Borax bead is responded generally by : 
(A) Alkali metal salt (B) Alkaline earth metals
(C) p-block metal salt (D) d-block metal salt
dil. H 2SO 4
Colourless gas with brick effervescence
AgNO3 boil
5. Salt of Anion A White ppt Turns black
Acidic
Green colour
K 2Cr2O7
Shape of anion A will be :
(A) Tetrahedral (B) Trigonal planer
(C) Trigonal pyramidal (D) Linear
6. Which of the following anions are producing same gas on treatment with (Zn + dil. H2SO4).
I : SO32– II : HSO3– III : S2– IV : Cl
(A) I and II only (B) I, II and III only
(C) I, II, III and IV (D) I, III and IV only
7. Consider the following reaction; Nitrite + Acetic acid + Thiourea  N2+ HSCN + 2H2O. Formation of
the product in the above reaction can be identified by :
(A) FeCl3 / dilute HCl, when blood red colour appears.
(B) FeCl3 / dilute HCl, when blue colour appears.
(C) K2Cr2O7 / HCl, when green colour appears.
(D) KMnO4 / HCl, when colourless solution is formed.
8. A white sodium salt dissolves readily in water to give a solution which is neutral to litmus. When silver
nitrate solution is added to the solution, a white precipitate is obtained which does not dissolve in dil.
HNO3. The anion could be :
(A) CO32– (B) Cl– (C) SO32– (D) S2–
9. A salt solution of Cd2+ in dilute HCl, on treatment with a solution of BaCl 2 gives a white precipitate,
which is insoluble in concentrated HNO3. Anion in the salt may be :
(A) SO24– (B) CO32– (C) NO2– (D) S2–

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)

10.

The gas ‘G’ will show which of the following property ?

(A) It turns lead acetate filter paper black.
(B) It turns acidified K2Cr2O7 filter paper green.
(C) It produces purple colouration on filter paper moistened with sodium nitroprusside already made
alkaline with sodium hydroxide.
(D) All of these
11. Sodium borate on reaction with conc. H2SO4 and C2H5OH gives a compound (A) which burns with a
green edged flame. The compound (A) is :
(A) H2B4O7 (B) (C2H5)2B4O7 (C) H3BO3 (D) (C2H5)3BO3

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

1. How many compounds liberate NH3 on heating from the following?
(i) (NH4)2 SO4 (ii) (NH4)2 CO3 (iii) NH4Cl
(iv) NH4 NO3 (v) (NH4)2 Cr2O7
2. How many of following metals impart a characteristic colour to the Bunsen flame ?
(i) Na (ii) Li (iii) K (iv) Ba
(v) Sr (vi) Mg (vii) Rb (viii) Cs
(ix) Be (x) Ca (xi) Cu
3. Number of ions which are identified by dil. HCl from the following.
(i) SO42– (ii) CO32– (iii) SO32– (iv) HCO3–
(v) NO2– (vi) NO3– (vii) CH3COO– (viii) PO43–
4. Find the total number of acidic radical which produce volatile product with dil HCl :
(i) SO24– (ii) I¯ (iii) NO2– (iv) NO3–
(v) SO32– (vi) HCO3–

5. Na2S + Na2 [Fe(CN)5NO] ''X'' (Violet colour)

The total number of possible isomers for complex ''X'' is, provided the ambident behaviour of CN– is not
considered.
6. NaCl + Solid K2Cr2O7 + Conc. H2SO4 ''X'' (reddish brown fumes)
How many axial-d-orbital are involved in hybridization of ''X'' ?
7. Fe2+ + NO3– + H2SO4(conc.)  ‘X’ (Brown ring complex)
The magnetic moment of complex 'X' to its nearest integer is :
8. How many anions evolve brownish gas when treated with dil./conc. HCl ?
(i) CO32– (ii) SO32– (iii) NO2 (iv) Cl–
(v) Br– (vi) NO3– (vii) CH3COO–
9. Na2CO3, NaCl, NaNO2, Na2SO3, NaBr, CH3COONa are separately treated with AgNO3 solution. In How
many cases white precipitate is/are obtained.

10. BO33– + conc. H2SO4 + CH3CH2–OH  ignite

 ‘A’ (green flame)
What is the oxidation number of central atom in Compound 'A' that is responsible for green flame ?

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)

11.

a = difference in the oxidation number of Cl in the product X and product Y, respectively

b = total number of atom in X and Y
c = total number of lone pair in X
then calculate a + b + c = ?

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. Which of the following salt liberates a colourless gas on acidification with dil. H2SO4 ?
(A) KNO2 (B) Na2CO3 (C) NaNO2 (D) NaHCO3
2. Which of the following salts release reddish brown gas when heated in a dry test tube? 
(A) LiNO3 (B) KNO3 (C) Pb(NO3)2 (D) AgNO3
3. Which of the following can decompose on heating to give CO2?
(A) Li2CO3 (B) Na2CO3 (C) KHCO3 (D) BaCO3
4. Metals which do not give flame test?
(A) Be (B) Li (C) Mg (D) Ba
5. In the following diagram bunsen flame the (X) represent.
(A) Oxidising zone
(B) Reducing zone
(C) Lower temperature zone
(D) Hottest portion of flame

6. Metal salts, which respond to Borax bead test? 

(A) Nickel salts (B) Copper salts (C) Cobalt salts (D) Aluminium salts
7. Which of the following gases turn lime water milky when passed throught it. 
(A) SO2 (B) CO2 (C) HCl (D) H2S

8.

Then A may have :

(A) CO32–, Br– (B) Br–, S2– (C) CH3COO–, S2– (D) CH3COO–, SO32–
9. S2– and SO32– can be distinguished by :  
(A) (CH3COO)2Pb
(B) Cr2O72– / H+
(C) Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]
(D) Zn + dil. H2SO4 followed by (CH3COO)2Pb
10. Which statements is/ are correct about sodium nitroprusside test? 
(A) This test is used for detection of S2– anion.
(B) H2S also gives positive test.
(C) Formation of Na2[Fe(H2O)5NOS] complex confirm the presence of S2– anion.
(D) Iron has +2 oxidation state in sodiumthionitroprusside complex.

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)
11. Which statement(s) is/are correct about Brown ring test ?
(A) This test is given by NO2–, NO3– anions.
(B) Brown ring test depend upon the reduction of NO2– and NO3– to Nitric oxide.
(C) Brown ring is formed due to formation of [Fe(H2O)5NO]2(SO4)3
(D) Charge on NO in brown ring complex is +1.
12. Which of the following metal chloride will give chromyl chloride test ? 
(A) NaCl (B) KCl (C) AgCl (D) SbCl3
13. Which of the following will be completely or partially dissolved in NH4OH ?
(A) AgCl (B) AgBr (C) AgI (D) BaSO4
14. Reddish-brown gas is obtained when the following are treated with conc. H2SO4? 
(A) Br– (B) NO2 (C) NO3 (D) SO32–

15. Each of these are added to a mixture of aqueous solutions of iodide and CHCl 3 separately. Which will
give a positive test for iodine when the solutions are vigorously mixed? 
(A) NaCl solution (B) NaBr solution (C) Chlorine water (D) Bromine water

16. 
Cold
 white ppt. 
filtered
(Filtrate) 
boil
 White ppt  .
excess of BaCl2

Anion of (A) could be :

(A) SO32–, HSO3– (B) CO32–, SO32– (C) SO32–, HCO3– (D) None of these

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions.
Comprehension # 1
Step-I Step-II Step-III
A
chloridesalt conc
  B   C &   D
K 2Cr2O7 passed through acidified with CH3COOH
. H2SO 4 dil NaOH solution Pb(CH 3COO) 2 is added

1. ‘A’ can be :
(A) PbCl2 (B) SbCl3 (C) SnCl2 (D) RbCl
2.* In step-III if Pb(CH3COO)2 is added without acidifying the solution with CH3COOH then possible product
may be:
(A) PbCrO4 (B) Na2Cr2O7 (C) Na2CrO4 (D) Na2PbO2
Comprehension # 2

3. Gas (B) on passing through cadmium acetate solution will give :

(A) Black ppt (B) Yellow ppt (C) Orange ppt (D) White ppt
4. Gas (B) and (E) are respectively :
(A) H2S, NH3 (B) H2S, SO2 (C) SO2, H2S (D) H2S, CO2

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)
Comprehension # 3
Answer Q.5, Q.6 and Q.7 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns
of the following table.
In the following three tables, information regarding Qualitative analysis of anion is given
Column-1 Column-2 Column-3
(I) SO32– (i) Reaction with AgNO3 (P) Precipitate is obtained
Pungent smelling product with conc.
(II) Cl– (ii) (Q) Product is coloured gas.
H2SO4
Product formed is soluble in excess
(III) NO2– (iii) Form X2 with K2Cr2O7(s) + conc. H2SO4 (R)
NH3.
– Product gives blue colour with
(IV) Br (iv) Reaction with Pb(NO3)2(aq) (S)
starch iodide solution.

5. Select the only correct option.

(A) (I) (i) (P) (B) (II) (ii) (Q) (C) (I) (ii) (S) (D) (II) (iii) (Q)
6. Select the only incorrect option.
(A) (III) (i) (P) (B) (I) (ii) (Q) (C) (IV) (i) (R) (D) (IV) (ii) (Q)
7. Select the only incorrect option.
(A) (III) (ii) (Q) (B) (IV) (ii) (S) (C) (II) (iv) (P) (D) (II) (ii) (S)

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. The acidic aqueous solution of Ferrous ion forms a brown complex in the presence of NO 3– by the
following two steps : [JEE 1993]
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + NO3– + H+  ............... + [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + H2O
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + ............... ............... + H2O
Complete and balance the equations.
2. In nitroprusside ion the iron and NO exist. They exist as FeII and NO+ rather than FeIII and NO. These
forms can be differentiated by :  [JEE 1998]
(A) estimating the concentration of Iron.
(B) measuring the concentration of CN.
(C) measuring the solid state magnetic moment.
(D) thermally decomposing the compound.
3. Assertion : Sulphate is estimated as BaSO4 and not as MgSO4.
Reason : Ionic radius of Mg2+ is smaller than that of Ba2+. [JEE 1998]
(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion.
(C) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(D) Assertion is false but Reason is true.
4. A gas ‘X’ is passed through water to form a saturated solution. The aqueous solution on treatment with
silver nitrate gives a white precipitate. The saturated aqueous solution also dissolves magnesium
ribbon with evolution of a colourless gas ‘Y’. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’? [JEE 2002(S), 3/90]
(A) X = CO2, Y = Cl2 (B) X = Cl2, Y = CO2 (C) X = Cl2, Y = H2 (D) X = H2, Y = Cl2

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)
5. [X] + H2SO4  [Y] a colourless gas with irritating smell;
[Y] + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4  green solution.
[X] and [Y] is : [JEE 2003(S), 3/84]
(A) SO32–, SO2 (B) Cl–, HCl (C) S2–, H2S (D) CO32–, CO2
6. A dilute aqueous solution of a sodium salt forms white precipitate with MgCl 2, only after boiling. The
anion of the sodium salt is : [JEE 2004(S), 3/84]
(A) HCO3– (B) CO32– (C) NO3– (D) SO42–
7. The species present in solution when CO2 is dissolved in water are : [JEE 2006, 5/184]
(A) CO2, H2CO3, HCO3–, CO32– (B) HCO3–, CO32–
(C) CO32–, HCO3– (D) CO2, H2CO3

8.* The reagent(s) that can selectively precipitate S2– from a mixture of S2– and SO2–4 in aqueous solution
is(are) [JEE(Advanced) 2016, 4/120]
(A) CuCl2 (B) BaCl2 (C) Pb(OOCCH3)2 (D) Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]

9. The green colour produced in the borax bead test of a chromium (III) salt is due to
[JEE(Advanced) 2019, 3/124]
(1) CrB (2) Cr2O3 (3) Cr(BO2)3 (4) Cr2(B4O7)3

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

JEE(MAIN) ONLINE PROBLEMS
1. Sodium extract is heated with concentrated HNO3 before testing for halogens because :
[JEE(Main) 2016 Online (10-04-16), 4/120]
(1) Ag reacts faster with halides in acidic medium.
(2) Silver halides are totally insoluble in nitric acid.
(3) Ag2S and AgCN are soluble in acidic medium.
(4) S2– and CN–, if present, are decomposed by conc. HNO3 and hence do not interfere in the test.
2. A white sodium salt dissolves readily in water to give a solution which is neutral to litmus. When silver
nitrate solution is added to the aforementioned solution, a white precipitate is obtained which does not
dissolve in dilute nitric acid. The anion is : [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1) CO32 (2) SO24 (3) S2– (4) Cl–

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EXERCISE - 1
PART - I
A-1. The dry test give information in short time and also provides a clue about the presence or absence of
certain substances so wet analysis may be modified and shortened.
It is applicable to solid substances.
 1
A-2. (a) HgCO3  Hg + CO2 + O2
2
(b) NH4NO2  
 N2 + 2H2O (no solid residue)

(c) NH4Cl + NaNO3 (mixture)   NaCl + N2O  + 2H2O
 1
(d) Pb(NO3)2   PbO + 2NO2 + O2
2
B-1. When compound is heated, the electrons gain energy and can jump into the empty orbitals at higher
level. Higher levels are energetically unstable so electrons tend to fall back and transmit the light as
characteristic colour.
B-2. Yes, because intensity of the absorbed light is proportional to the concentration of element in the flame.
B-3. Both barium sulphate and barium phosphate are insoluble and cannot be easily converted into
chlorides.Therefore, the green flame is either indistinct or visible with difficulty.
2
 Cu ,
B-4. Na2B4O7 .10H2O 
740C
 2NaBO2 + B2O3   Cu (BO2)2
(A) (B+C) (Blue bead)
(D)
C-1. Sodium carbonate extract in addition to the sodium salts of anions contain carbonate also. On heating
with the test reagent carbonates of certain metals precipitate which interfere in the detection of acid
redicals. Because of this, Na2CO3 is decomposed by adding HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, depending upon the
nature of test.
C-2. No, because it already contains CO32– ions.
C-3. White precipitate of CaCO3 is formed.
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2 NH3  (NH4)2CO3 + CaCO3 
C-4. Colour of bromine water is discharged according to the following reaction.
BaSO3 + Br2 + H2O  BaSO4  (white) + 2HBr
–2 –
C-5. (A) = SO3 (C) = HSO3 (Lime water test)

C-6. (a) Blue colouration develops due to the formation of iodine gas.
5 SO2 + 2IO3– + 4 H2O  I2 + 5 SO42– + 2 H+
I2 + Starch  Blue (starch iodine adsorption complex)
(b) Black precipitate is formed owing to the formation of PbS.
[Pb(OH)4]|2– + H2S  PbS + 2OH– + 2 H2O
(c) SO32– + 3 Zn + 8 H+  H2S + 3 Zn2+ + 3 H2O
C-7. NO2– + CH3COOH  HNO2 + CH3COO–
3 HNO2  H2O + HNO3 + 2 NO
NO  + Fe2+ + SO42–  [FeNO]SO4 (Nitroso ferrous sulphate)

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Qualitative Analysis (Anion)
D-1. There are some ions like, SO32–, S2–, NO2– and CH3COO– which can react with dilute/conc. H2SO4
whereas ions like Cl– , Br–, I– , NO3 , etc. react only with con. H2SO4.
Now if conc. H2SO4 is used first then the anions of both the types will react. Hence, it is desired to test
acid radicals first with dilute H2SO4 and then with conc. H2SO4.
D-2. Because in presence of water, chromyl chloride forms the chromic acid.
CrO2Cl2 + 2H2O  H2CrO4 + 2HCl

D-3. Because chromyl bromide (CrO2Br2) and chromyl iodide. (CrO2I2) compounds are unstable and are not
formed. In such case bromine and iodine are evolved
D-4. HBr and HI are reducing agent where as H2SO4 is oxidizing agent and thus Br2 and I2 are formed.
NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl
NaBr / NaI + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HBr/HI
HBr/HI + H2SO4  Br2/I2 + SO2 + 2H2O
D-5. Because in presence of water chromic acid is obtained in place of chromyl chloride.

D-6. A = Cl2 ; B = Br2 ; C = I2

D-7. Because heavy metal chlorides are partially dissociated. This test is given generally by Ionic chloride.
D-8. This is because Fe2+ ions on long standing are oxidised to Fe3+ ions which are not used for the
detection of nitrate and nitrite.
E-1. Because they also impart green colour to flame.
E-2. Not in dilute HCl but dissolves in all other reagents.
PbSO4  + H2SO4  Pb2+ + 2 HSO4–; PbSO4  + 4 CH3COO–  [Pb(CH3COO)4]2– + SO42–
PbSO4  + 2 C6H4O62–  [Pb(C6H4O6)2]2– + SO42–
PbSO4  + 4 OH–  [Pb(OH)4]2– + SO42–
E-3. BaCl2 gives a white precipitate. with both sulphite and sulphate ions.
BaSO3 is soluble in conc.HCl whereas BaSO4 is insoluble in conc.HCl.
SO32– + MnO4– + H+  Mn2+ (colourless)
SO42– + MnO4– + H+  (No colour change)

PART - II
A-1. (B) A-2. (B) A-3. (C) A-4. (D) A-5. (D)
B-1. (C) B-2. (B) B-3. (A) B-4. (B) B-5. (D)
B-6. (C) B-7. (C) C-1. (C) C-2. (B) C-3. (A)
C-4. (C) C-5. (B) C-6. (C) C-7. (C) C-8. (D)
D-1. (B) D-2. (A) D-3. (B) D-4. (B) D-5. (B)
D-6. (D) D-7. (A) D-8. (D) D-9. (D) D-10. (C)
D-11. (B) E-1. (C) E-2. (C)

PART - III
1. (A) - (r,t); (B) - (q); (C) - (q,t); (D) - (p,r,s)
2. (A) - (p,q,r,s); (B) - (p); (C) - (p,q,r); (D) - (q,r,s)

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EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (C)

6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (D)

11. (D)

PART - II
1. 3 (i, ii, iii) 2. 9 (All, except vi and ix) 3. 5 (ii, iii, iv, v, vii)

4. 3 (iii, v, vi) 5. 3 6. 0 7. 4
8. 1 (only iii) 9. 5 (All except NaBr) 10. 3

11. 14 (a = 1, b = 7, c = 6)

PART - III
1. (BD) 2. (ACD) 3. (ACD) 4. (AC) 5. (BC)

6. (ABC) 7. (AB) 8. (D) 9. (ABC) 10. (AD)

11. (ABD) 12. (AB) 13. (ABC) 14. (ABC) 15. (CD)

16. (AC)

PART - IV
1. (D) 2. (AD) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5._ (A)

6._ (B) 7._ (D)

EXERCISE - 3
PART - I
1. 3[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + NO3– + H+  NO + 3[Fe(H2O)6]3+
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + NO  [Fe(H2O)5NO]2+ + H2O
2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (A)
7. (A) 8.* (A or AC) 9. (3)

PART - II
JEE(MAIN) ONLINE PROBLEMS
1. (4) 2. (4)

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