MCQs on Research Methodology

1- Hypothesis refers to
A. The outcome of an experiment
B. A conclusion drawn from an experiment
C. A form of bias in which the subject tries to outguess the experimenter
D. A tentative statement about the relationship
 
2- Statistics is used by researchers to
A. Analyze the empirical data collected in a study
B. Make their findings sound better
C. Operationally define their variables
D. Ensure the study comes out the way it was intended
 
3- A literature review requires
A. Planning
B. Good & clear writing
C. Lot of rewriting
D. All of the above
 
4- A literature review is based on the assumption that
A. Copy from the work of others
B. Knowledge accumulates and learns from the work of others
C. Knowledge dis-accumulates
D. None of the above option
 
5- A theoretical framework
A. Elaborates the r/s among the variables
B. Explains the logic underlying these r/s
C. Describes the nature and direction of the r/s
D. All of the above
 
 6- Which of the following statement is not true?
A. A research proposal is a document that presents a plan for a project
B. A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting
the proposed research project
C. A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project
D. A research proposal is just like a research report and written before the research
project
 
7- Preliminary data collection is a part of the
A. Descriptive research
B. Exploratory research
C. Applied research
D. Explanatory research

8- Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating

A. Primary data
B. Secondary data
C. Qualitative data
D. None of the above
 
9- After identifying the important variables and establishing the logical reasoning in theoretical framework, the next step in the
research process is
A. To conduct surveys
B. To generate the hypothesis
C. To focus group discussions
D. To use experiments in an investigation
 
10- The appropriate analytical technique is determined by
A. The research design
B. Nature of the data collected
C. Nature of the hypothesis
D. Both A & B
   
11- Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as:
a. Mall interviews
b. Mall intercept interviews
c. Brief interviews
d. None of the given options
 
12-WATS lines provided by long distance telephone service at fixed rates. In this regard, WATS is the abbreviation of:
e. West Africa Theological Seminary
f. Washtenaw Area Transportation Study
g. Wide Area Telecommunications Service
h. World Air Transport Statistics
 
13-A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and records the answers himself is known as
the:
i. Interview schedule
j. Questionnaire
k. Interview guide
l. All of the given options
 
14-One of the most critical stages in the survey research process is:
m. Research design
n. Questionnaire design
o. Interview design
p. Survey design
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
 
15-Question that consists of two or more questions joined together is called a:
q. Double barreled question
r. General question
s. Accurate question
t. Confusing question
 
16-The number of questionnaires returned or completed divided by the total number of eligible people who were contacted or
asked to participate in the survey is called the:
u. Response rate
v. Participation rate
w. Inflation rate
x. None of the given options
 
17-To obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, when we ask general question before a specific question then this procedure is
called as the:
y. Research technique
z. Qualitative technique
aa. Funnel technique
bb. Quantitative technique
 
18-A small scale trial run of a particular component is known as:
cc. Pilot testing
dd. Pre-testing
ee. Lab experiments
ff. Both A & B
 
18-Field testing of the questionnaire shows that:
gg. Respondents are willing to co-operate
hh. Respondents are not willing to co-operate
ii. Respondents do not like any participation
jj. All of the given options
 
19- Service evaluation of hotels and restaurants can be done by the:
kk. Self-administered questionnaires
ll. Office assistant
mm. Manager
nn. None of the given options

20- Service evaluation of hotels and restaurants can be done by the:

oo. Self-administered questionnaires
pp. Office assistant
qq. Manager
rr. None of the given options
 
21-Discrete variable is also called……….
A. Categorical variable
B. Discontinuous variable
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
 
22-“Officers in my organization have higher than average level of commitment” Such a hypothesis is an example of……….
A. Descriptive Hypothesis
B. Directional Hypothesis
C. Relational Hypothesis
D. All of the above
 
23-‘Science’ refers to……….
A. A system for producing knowledge
B. The knowledge produced by a system
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
 
24-Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method?
A. Deterministic
B. Rationalism
C. Empirical
D. Abstraction
 
25-The theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the……….
A. Variables
B. Hypothesis
C. Concept
D. Theory

26-………research is based on naturalism.

A. Field research
B. Descriptive research
C. Basic research
D. Applied research
 
27-Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as………
E. Mall interviews
F. Mall intercept interviews
G. Brief interviews
H. None of the given options
 
28- ……… is used to obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, by asking general question before a specific question.
I. Research technique
J. Qualitative technique
K. Funnel technique
L. Quantitative technique
 
29-In, ___________the interviewer and members jointly control the pace and direction of the interview.
M. Field interview
N. Telephonic interview
O. Both A and B
P. None of the given options
 
30-Randomization of test units is a part of ………
Q. Pretest
R. Posttest
S. Matching
T. Experiment
 
31- Rationalism is the application of which of the following?
A. Logic and arguments
B. Research solution
C. Reasoning
D. Previous findings

32- On which of the following, scientific knowledge mostly relies?

A. Logical understanding
B. Identification of events
C. Prior knowledge
D. All of the given options
 
33- Which of the following refers to research supported by measurable evidence?
A. Opinion
B. Empiricism
C. Speculation
D. Rationalism

34-Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, EXCEPT;

A. Health care
B. Religion
C. Business
D. Government offices
 
35- All of the following are true statements about action research, EXCEPT;
A. Data are systematically analyzed
B. Data are collected systematically
C. Results are generalizable
D. Results are used to improve practice
 
36-Which of the following is characteristic of action research?
A. Variables are tightly controlled
B. Results are generalizable
C. Data are usually qualitative
D. Results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships
  
37-If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit and worth; he is likely conducting
which of the following types of research?
A. Experimental
B. Applied
C. Basic
D. Evaluation
 
38- Exploratory research addresses which of the following types of question?
A. If
B. How
C. Why
D. What
 
39- Which of the following is not the source for getting information for exploratory research?
A. Content analysis
B. Survey
C. Case study
D. Pilot study
 
40- Which of the following is the main quality of a good theory?
A. A theory that has survived attempts at falsification
B. A theory that is proven to be right
C. A theory that has been disproved
D. A theory that has been falsified
 
41- A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:
A. Discontinuous variable
B. Dependent variable
C. Independent variable
D. Intervening variable
 
42- Which of the following is the opposite of a variable?
A. An extraneous variable
B. A dependent variable
C. A data set
D. A constant

43- Which of the following is not a concept?

A. Leadership
B. Total Quality Management
C. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
D. Human Resource Management
 
44- Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
A. Age
B. Annual income
C. Grade point average
D. Religion
 
45- “Income distribution of employees” in a specific organization is an example of which of following type of variable?
A. Discontinuous variable
B. Continuous variable
C. Dependent variable
D. Independent variable
 
46-“There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency” is an example of which type of hypothesis?
A. Alternative
B. Null
C. Co relational
D. Research
 
47- Which of the following is not a role of hypothesis?
A. Guides the direction of the study
B. Determine feasibility of conducting the study
C. Identifies relevant and irrelevant facts
D. Provides framework for organizing the conclusions
 

48-Hypothesis test may also be called as:

A. Informal test
B. Significance test
C. Moderating test
D. T-test
 
49-Which type of review compares how different theories address an issue?
A. Context review
B. Integrated review
C. Theoretical review
D. Methodological review
 
50-After you locate a source, you should write down all details of the reference, EXCEPT;
A. Volumes
B. Titles
C. Price
D. Full names of the authors
 
51- ___________research is based on naturalism.
A. Field research
B. Descriptive research
C. Basic research
D. Applied research
 
52- Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as_________
A. Mall interviews
B. Mall intercepts interviews
C. Brief interviews
D. None of the given options
 
53- ____________is used to obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, by asking general question before a specific question.
A. Research technique
B. Qualitative technique
C. Funnel technique
D. Quantitative technique
 
54- In, ____________the interviewer and members jointly control the pace and direction of the interview.
A. Field interview
B. Telephonic interview
C. Both A and B
D. None of the given options
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
 
55- Randomization of test units is a part of ______________
A. Pretest
B. Posttest
C. Matching
D. Experiment
 
56- Which one of the following sets is the measure of central tendency?
a. Mean, standard deviation, mode
b. Mean, median, standard deviation
c. Arithmetic mean, median, mode
d. Standard deviation, internal validity, mode
 
57- Internal validity refers to.
a. Researcher’s degree of confidence.
b. Generalisability
c. Operationalization
d. All of the above
 
58- How many times the students appear in the research class is the example of _________.
a. Intensity
b. Space
c. Frequency
d. Direction
  
59- Time consumed in mall intercept interview is
a. High
b. Moderate
c. Low
d. Nil
 
60- Departmental stores selected to test a new merchandising display system is the example of .
a. Quota sampling
b. Convenience sampling
c. Judgmental sampling
d. Purposive sampling

61- In ___________, the researcher attempts to control and/ or manipulate the variables in the study.
1. Experiment
2. Hypothesis
3. Theoretical framework
4. Research design
 
62- In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ____.
1. Dependent variable
 
2. Extraneous variable
3. Independent variable
4. Confounding variable
 
63- A measure is reliable if it provides consistent ___________.
1. Hypothesis
2. Results
3. Procedure
4. Sensitivity
  
64- The interview in which questions are already prepared is called ________.
1. Telephonic interview
2. Personal interview
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
3. Unstructured interview
4. Structured interview
 
65-The numerical description that describe sample may be expected to differ from those that describe population because of
random fluctuations inherent in sampling process.
1. Sampling design
2. Non-probability sampling
3. Sampling error
4. Probability sampling
 
66- In ______________ , each population element has a known and equal chance of selection.
1. Purposive sampling
2. Quota sampling
3. Stratified sampling
4. Simple random sampling
 
67- ______ is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process used to measure concept does indeed measure the intended
concepts.
1. Reliability
2. Replicability
3. Scaling
4. Validity
 
68- A researcher is interested in studying why the “new math” of the 1960s failed. She interviews several teachers who used the
new math during the 1960s. These teachers are considered as:
1. Primary sources
2. Secondary Sources
3. External critics
4. Internal critics
 
69- Which of the following is NOT true about stratified random sampling?
1. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
2. Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions
3. Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large
enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done
4. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
 
70- Experimental design is the only appropriate design where_________ relationship can be established.
1. Strong
2. Linear
3. Weak
4. Cause and Effect
 
71. Discrete variable is also called……….
E. Categorical variable
F. Discontinuous variable
G. Both A & B
H. None of the above
 
72.“Officers in my organization have higher than average level of commitment” Such a hypothesis is an example of……….
E. Descriptive Hypothesis
F. Directional Hypothesis
G. Relational Hypothesis
H. All of the above
 
73.‘Science’ refers to……….
E. A system for producing knowledge
F. The knowledge produced by a system
G. Both A & B
H. None of the above
 
 
74.Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method?
E. Deterministic
F. Rationalism
G. Empirical
H. Abstraction
 
73.The theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the……….
E. Variables
F. Hypothesis
G. Concept
H. Theory
 
74.………research is based on naturalism.
U. Field research
V. Descriptive research
W. Basic research
X. Applied research
 
75.Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as………
Y. Mall interviews
Z. Mall intercept interviews
AA. Brief interviews
BB. None of the given options
 
76.……… is used to obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, by asking general question before a specific question.
CC. Research technique
DD. Qualitative technique
EE. Funnel technique
FF. Quantitative technique
 
77.In, ……… the interviewer and members jointly control the pace and direction of the interview.
GG. Field interview
HH. Telephonic interview
II. Both A and B
JJ. None of the given options

78.Randomization of test units is a part of ………

KK. Pretest
LL. Posttest
MM. Matching
NN. Experiment
 
79. In ___________, the researcher attempts to control and/ or manipulate the variables in the study.
1. Experiment
2. Hypothesis
3. Theoretical framework
4. Research design
 
80. In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ____.
1. Dependent variable
2. Extraneous variable
3. Independent variable
4. Confounding variable
 
81. A measure is reliable if it provides consistent ___________.
1. Hypothesis
2. Results
3. Procedure
4. Sensitivity
 
82. The interview in which questions are already prepared is called ________.
1. Telephonic interview
2. Personal interview
3. Unstructured interview
4. Structured interview
  
83. The numerical description that describe sample may be expected to differ from those that describe population because of
random fluctuations inherent in sampling process.
1. Sampling design
2. Non-probability sampling
3. Sampling error
4. Probability sampling
 
84. In ______________ , each population element has a known and equal chance of
selection.
1. Purposive sampling
2. Quota sampling
3. Stratified sampling
4. Simple random sampling
 
85. ______ is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process used to measure concept does indeed measure the intended
concepts.
1. Reliability
2. Replicability
3. Scaling
4. Validity
 
86. A researcher is interested in studying why the “new math” of the 1960s failed. She interviews several teachers who used the
new math during the 1960s. These teachers are considered as:
1. Primary sources
2. Secondary Sources
3. External critics
4. Internal critics
 
87. Which of the following is NOT true about stratified random sampling?
1. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
2. Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions
3. Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons
are to be done
4. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
 
88. Experimental design is the only appropriate design where_________ relationship can be established.
1. Strong
2. Linear
3. Weak
4. Cause and Effect
 
89. Rationalism is the application of which of the following?
A. Logic and arguments
B. Research solution
C. Reasoning
D. Previous findings
 
90. On which of the following, scientific knowledge mostly relies?
A. Logical understanding
B. Identification of events
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
C. Prior knowledge
D. All of the given options

 91. Which of the following refers to research supported by measurable evidence?

A. Opinion
B. Empiricism
C. Speculation
D. Rationalism
 
92. Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, EXCEPT;
A. Health care
B. Religion
C. Business
D. Government offices

93. All of the following are true statements about action research, EXCEPT;
A. Data are systematically analyzed
B. Data are collected systematically
C. Results are generalizable
D. Results are used to improve practice
 
94. Which of the following is characteristic of action research?
A. Variables are tightly controlled
B. Results are generalizable
C. Data are usually qualitative
D. Results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationship
 
95. If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit and worth, he is likely conducting
which of the following types of research?
A. Experimental
B. Applied
C. Basic
D. Evaluation
 
96. Exploratory research addresses which of the following types of question?
A. If
B. How
C. Why
D. What
 
97. Which of the following is not the source for getting information for exploratory research?
A. Content analysis
B. Survey
C. Case study
D. Pilot study

 98. Which of the following is the main quality of a good theory?

A. A theory that has survived attempts at falsification
B. A theory that is proven to be right
C. A theory that has been disproved
D. A theory that has been falsified
 
100. Which of the following is not a concept?
A. Leadership
B. Total Quality Management
C. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
D. Human Resource Management
 
101. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:
A. Discontinuous variable
B. Dependent variable
C. Independent variable
D. Intervening variable
 
102. Which of the following is the opposite of a variable?
A. An extraneous variable
B. A dependent variable
C. A data set
D. A constant

103. Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?

A. Age
B. Annual income
C. Grade point average
D. Religion
 
104. “Income distribution of employees” in a specific organization is an example of which of following type of variable?
A. Discontinuous variable
B. Continuous variable
C. Dependent variable
D. Independent variable
 
105. “There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency” is an example of which type of hypothesis?
A. Alternative
B. Null
C. Correlational
D. Research
 
106. Which of the following is not a role of hypothesis?
A. Guides the direction of the study
B. Determine feasibility of conducting the study
C. Identifies relevant and irrelevant facts
D. Provides framework for organizing the conclusions
 
107. Which type of review compares how different theories address an issue?
A. Context review
B. Integrated review
C. Theoretical review
D. Methodological review
 
108. After you locate a source, you should write down all details of the reference, EXCEPT;
A. Volumes
B. Titles
C. Price
D. Full names of the authors
 
109. What is the primary focus of establishment surveys in this case study?
A. Collect the data through past studies
B. Analyze the literature review
C. Using of quantitative techniques
D. Data collection through mail and Interview
 
110. Which one of following is generally common in establishment survey and household survey?
A. Cognitive recall
B. Homogenous respondents
C. Error free
D. Response burden
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
 
111. Which one of the following is not of important consideration in establishment survey while designing questionnaires?
A. Response burden
B. Professional terminology
C. Cognitive recall
D. Use of Records
 
112. Which of the following method of data collection is not discussed in the case study?
A. Questionnaires
B. Interviews
C. Mail survey
D. Observations
 
113. Which of the following sampling technique is used for Employee Turnover and Job Openings survey?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Convenience sampling
 
114. Which one of the following is the limitation of establishment survey in this case study?
A. Cost
B. Limited data
C. Unskilled interviewer
D. Small sample size
 
115. Which of the following is not the part of specific protocol of focus groups in ETJO?
A. Concept and indicators
B. Definition
C. Availability of records
D. Cognitive recall
 
116. Which of the following is the draw back of pretest interview in ETJO survey?
A. Small simple size
B. Non cooperative response
C. Probing
D. Questionnaire format
 
117. Which of the following method of data collection is not used in the case study?
A. Questionnaires
B. Focus groups
C. Correlational method
D. Secondary data
 
118. What is the basic purpose of ETJO survey?
A. To assess the feasibility of collecting job-vacancy and turnover data by occupation
B. To analyze the problem of labor shortage
C. To assess the motivation level of employees
D. To analyze the factor contributing towards employee turnover
 
119. Which of the following is the basic purpose of pretest interview in this case study?
A. To identified the potential problem
B. To know the sample size
C. To develop the questionnaire
D. To use agency representative
 
120. Which one of the following sampling type is used in operations test to select the units?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. Judgment sampling

121. Which of the following is the basic purpose of Response analysis survey in the case study?
A. To assess the quality of ETJO survey data
B. To know the sample size of ETJO survey data
C. To develop the questionnaire for ETJO
D. To use agency representative for ETJO
 
122. After Operation test, which of the following test findings were suggested by the researcher?
A. Need of highly skilled and well trained interviewer
B. Sample size should be increased
C. A decent increase in survey budget
D. Focus group should be included
 
123. In which one of the following stage researcher consult the literature?
A. Operation test
B. Response analysis survey
C. Document design analysis
D. Pretest interviews
  
124. Which one of the following sampling type is used in Response analysis survey (RAS)?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. Stratified sampling
 
125. Which one of the following could be helpful for minimizing the bias in this case study?
A. Cognitive research
B. Focus group
C. Pretest Interview
D. Response analysis survey
 
126. Which one of the following is useful in assessing and clarifying concepts and definitions at the beginning stages of
questionnaire?
A. Operation test
B. Document design analysis
C. Focus group
D. Response analysis survey

 
127. Which one of the following can be more helpful than others in order to determine the exact source of measurement errors in
establishment survey?
A. Focus group
B. Operation test
C. Response analysis survey
D. Document design analysis