ED 101: The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
ED 101: The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
Learning Principles
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Course Description:
This course focuses on child and adolescent development with emphasis on current
research and theories on biological, linguistic, cognitive, social and emotional
dimensions of development. Further, this includes factors that affect the progress
and development of the learners and appropriate pedagogical principles applicable
for each developmental level of the learners. This course also addresses laws,
policies, guidelines and procedures that provide safe and secure learning
environments and the use of positive and non-violent discipline in the management
of learner behavior.
Credits Units: 3
Course Pre-Requisite: None
Course Intended Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the pre-service teachers can:
[1] demonstrate content knowledge and its application within/or across curriculum
teaching areas
[2] demonstrate an understanding of the different research-based theories related to
the broad dimensions of child and adolescent development and their application to
each particular developmental level of the learners;
[3] demonstrate understanding of pedagogical principles suited to diverse learners’
needs and experiences at different developmental levels
[4] demonstrate knowledge of laws, policies, guidelines and procedures that
provide safe and secure learning environments; and
[5] demonstrate knowledge of positive and non-violent management of learner
behavior.
Course Instructions/Guides
General Instructions
Flexible learning modalities
In this unit, you will be acquainted with human development as a process, the
developmental tasks that come along with each developmental stage and relevant
issues that are raised about human development
INTRODUCTION
As you read this module and do the activity, you are undergoing the
process of development. What principles govern this development
proven? What do experts say about development? The answers to
these questions will be tackled in this module.
ACTIVITY
ANALYSIS
1. When you gave your own description as to the kind of child, adolescent
and adult these two kids may become and describing who they once were,
you were referring to human development. What then is development?
2. Do they have something in common as to their pattern of development?
Explain.
3. Do they have differences in their development? Explain.
4. Do you believe that these two kids will continue to develop even after
adulthood? Explain.
ABSTRACTION
The center of any educative process in school is the learner. Without the
learner there would be no need for teaching. Since it is the task of the
teacher to guide the learner in the learning processes at a various stage
of his development, the teacher’s success will
The Child and depend
Adolescent greatly
Learners uponPrinciples
and Learning his
insight into the various factors basic to growth and development and his
knowledge of the developmental characteristics of the learner. The
Principles of Child Development and Learning that Inform Practice
1. All the domains of development and learning (physical, social,
emotional and cognitive) are important and closely-related.
2. Many aspects of children’s learning andand
The Child development follow
Adolescent Learners well Principles
and Learning
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INTRODUCTION
Hello! Today you will be learning another lesson. Kindly click the
link below to watch the video. Take note of the important
information on the video so that you can answer the questions
afterwards.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/human-development-stages-from-
infancy-to-late-adulthood.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPmJ-A40ySU
youtube.com/watch?v=xPmJ-A40ySU
ANALYSIS
ABSTRACTION
Concept of Developmental
Task
In each stage of development, a certain task or tasks are expected of
every individual. Robert Havighurst defines developmental task as one
that “arises at a certain period in our life, the successful achievement of
which leads to happiness and success with later tasks while failure
leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and difficulty with later tasks”
(Havighurst,1972) The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
SANTROCK’S DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
John Santrock's research focuses on family processes and children's
socioemotional development. He conducted the first major research study
on comparisons of children in mother and father custody families.
1. Prenatal period (from conception to birth)- it involves tremendous growth
from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioural
capabilities.
2.Infancy(from birth to 18-24 months)- a time of extreme dependence on
adults. Many Psychological activities are just beginning – language ,
symbolic thought , sensorimotor coordination and social learning.
3. 3.Early Childhood (end of infancy to 5-6 years ( grade 1) – these are the
preschool years. Young children learn to become more self- sufficient and
to care for themselves, develop school readiness skills and spend many
hours in play with peers.
4.Middle and late childhood (6-11 years of age, the elementary school
years)- the fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are
mastered.The Child is formally exposed to the larger world and its culture.
Achievement becomes a more central theme of the child’s world and self-
control increases.
5.Adolescence (10-12 years of age ending up to 18-22 years of age)-
Begins with rapid physical changes-dramatic gains in height and weight,
changes in body contour, and the development of sexual characteristics
such as enlargement of the breasts, development of pubic and facial hair,
and deepening of the voice. Pursuit of independence and identity are
prominent. Thought is more logical, abstract and idealistic. More time is
spent outside of the family.
6.Early adulthood (from late teens or early 20s lasting through the 30’s – it
is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career
development, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate
way, starting a family and rearing children.
7. Middle adulhood (40-60 years of age) – It is a time of expanding
personal and social involvement and responsibility; of assisting the next
generation in becoming competent and mature individuals; and of reaching
and maintaining satisfaction in a career.
8. Late Adulthood (60s and above)- It is time for adjustment to decreasing
strength and health. Life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social
roles.
APPLICATION
Adolescence
High school teachers ought to
help their students by
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Point of Reflection
C. Discuss the meaning of the quotation below. Relate it to the stages of
human development.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
take an informed stand/position on the three issues on
human development
Each of us has his/her own informal way of looking at our own and other
people’s development. This paradigms of human development while
obviously lacking in scholastic vigor, provide us with a conceptual
framework for understanding ourselves and others. Scholars have come
up with their own models of human development. Backed up by solid
research, they take stand on issues on human development.
1. Nature
2. Nurture
3. Continuity
4. Discontinuity
5. Stability
6. Change
ANALYSIS
Based from the research you have done, please answer the following
questions:
1. Are you pro-nature? Or pro-nurture? You give additional reasons in favor
of nature/nurture?
2. Are you for continuity? Or discontinuity? You give additional arguments
to defend continuity/discontinuity?
3. Do you agree that stability is more correct than change? Or change is
more correct that stability?
APPLICATION
At this part of the lesson, you are going to apply what you have learned
from the topic on developmental issues on human development.
A. Complete the sentence.
1. With regard to the nurture-nature, continuity-discontinuity and change-
stability controversies, the wiser stand is?
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B. “Info Ad” Create a 3-minute video presentation for parents showing
them their crucial role in the development of their children. Convinced them
of the interactive influence of heredity and environment on the development
of their children. Videos will be submitted thru my email account.
CRITERIA FOR
SCORING:
Content 15
Message 15
Over-all impact 10
Total 40
Point of Reflection
Reflect on your own personal development. What has helped you
become the person you are now? Is what you have become a product of
the mere interaction of heredity and environment? Or is what you have
become a product of both heredity and environment interacting and what
you have decided or determined yourself to become? Write your reflection.
This unit dwells on the development of the learners at various stages and focuses on
the physical, cognitive and socio-emotional development of the learners respectively.
Specifically, the topics are centered on the development of preschooler, the primary,
intermediate and high schoolers, the primary clientele of the would-be teachers.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
identify the most common hazards to pre-natal
development
trace the stages of the pre-natal developmental process
INTRODUCTION
K W L
What you KNOW about What you WANT to What you LEARNED
the topic know about the topic from the topic
ABSTRACTION
Let us explore various resources to have clear understanding of this
lesson. Let us unpack some concepts and terms related to pre-natal
development. Read and understand the information on the website.
You may look for additional resources for you
https://www.ehd.org/your-life-
to understand some terms and concepts.
before-birth-video/story.php
APPLICATION
A. Fill in the table with the stages of pre-natal development and its
corresponding definition.
Point of Reflection
You pretend that you are 4 months old in your mother’s womb. Your mother
is concentrating on doing abortion. Write her a letter convincing her that
you are a human being developing contrary to what she and other
abortionists are thinking. Reflect what you learned on pre-natal
development in this module.
INTRODUCTION
Infancy is the stage that follows after pre-natal stage, whose age is from
birth up to when he reaches 2 years old. In this module you shall
continue to trace the developmental process of an infants and toddlers
and learn the principles and processes to parenting and caregiving.
Infancy and toddlerhood span the first two years of life.
ACTIVITY “TRIVIA”
Answer the following questions based on you prior knowledge. Tick the box
of your choice and give explanation.
Trivia Questions Yes No Explanation
ANALYSIS
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
Guide Questions:
1. Recall your prior knowledge on the physical development of an infant
from
birth up to 2 years. What did you notice about the size of the head in
rela-
tion to the other parts of the body as a person grows older?
2. Does physical development begin from the top or below? From the side
to the center? Explain your answer.
3. Do you remember anything about yourself when you were two years
old?
4. At what age where your first memories? What are those memories?
5. In your own opinion, which plays a very important role in the socio-
emotional development of children?
6. What kind of home environment do children who are well adjusted most
probably come? What about maladjusted children?
ABSTRACTION
To understand the topic, look for the folder “Instructional Materials” and in
the ED 101 folder open the PPT “Infancy and Toddlerhood”. Read and
understand the presentation and jot down the important details.
APPLICATION
A. Come up with a graphic presentation of the milestones of the various
aspects of physical development, cognitive development and socio-
emotional development during infancy and toddlerhood.
B. Observe the interaction of an adult caregiver (parent, grandparent, day
care worker with an infant and a toddler. Don’t let them know that you are
observing them. In other words, observe them unobtrusively. Record what
the adult says or does and what the infant and the toddler do in return.
Make sure that the ones you observe do not know that you are observing
them. For your observation notes, follow this format.
My Observations
Baby and Adult Caregiver
My Interpretation
Point of Reflection
Based on stories you heard from your parents and grandparents about your
first three years in the world, reflect on the kind of home environment you
have had as an infant and as a child? How has it affected you?
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Early Childhood
MODULE 6 The Preschooler
LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTRODUCTION
1.___
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2. ______________
6.__________________________
7. _________________________
ANALYSIS
Based from the captions you wrote for the pictures, what characteristics of
preschoolers came out? Write and classify them on the table below.
Physical
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Cognitive
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Socio-emotional
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ABSTRACTION
To understand the topic, look for the folder “Instructional Materials” and in
the ED 101 folder open the PPT “3-Preschooler Early Childhood and
Preschooler Middle Childhood”. Read and understand the presentation and
jot down the important details.
APPLICATION
A. Make your own photo essay about the physical development, cognitive
development and socioemotional development of preschoolers. Observe
preschoolers in action and take their pictures. Describe the physical,
cognitive and socio-emotional skills that you saw them do. Expand it
through internet searches and downloads. Prepare a pamphlet intended for
use of parents of preschoolers.
Criteria:
Content/Relevance -15
Message -15
Over-all impact -10
Total Score 40
Cognitive Development
(specific skill)
Socio-emotional Development
(specific skill)
Point of Reflection
LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY
Observe at least three primary school children (Grades 1 -3). In the first
column describe the physical characteristics of these children and write
them down. In the second column, write down words which come to your
mind when cognitive development is mentioned. In the third column,
observe primary schoolers and take note of the characteristics shown and
write down your observations in the third column.
ANALYSIS
ABSTRACTION
This section will be discussed through a power point presentation. Look for
the folder “Instructional Materials”, in ED 101 and open the file named
“Preschooler Early Childhood and Preschooler Middle Childhood”. Take
down notes on the important information about the topic.
For additional information, surf and navigate the web, provide definition of
the following topics:
Key Terms:
Physical Development
1. Factors Affecting Physical Development
2. Basic Motor Skills
II. Cognitive Development
1. Logic
2. Reversibility
3. Cognitive milestones
4. Information Processing skills
III. Socio-emotional Development
1. Understanding the self
2. Anti-Social Behavior
3. Self-Control
APPLICATION
Physical Development
(specific skill)
Socio-emotional Development
(specific skill)
Point of Reflection
Study the situation given below. If you were the teacher, how will you help
these learners cope with their socio-emotional difficulties?
Dear Teacher,
I am really heart-broken. My 8-year-old daughter is feeling lonely, isolated and
friendless. It seems that she has felt this way for quite a while. She says that she mostly
spends time alone-that she has no friends because no one wants to play with her. She
tags along, but is usually left out eventually. She can become angry if things don’t
always go her way and also teary. I don’t know where to turn to help her-the thought
that she finds school painful is heartbreaking.
Sincerely,
LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTRODUCTION
In this stage, children are now learning to master the fundamental skills
of reading, writing and arithmetic. Children are formally exposed to the
larger world and its culture. Achievement becomes a more central theme
of the children’s world as self-control increases. This module dwells on
the physical, cognitive and socio-emotional development of the
intermediate schooler.
ACTIVITY
Make a collage of your picture when you were in Grade 4, 5 or 6. Write a
very brief story about the picture by discussing the common characteristics
that you have during those years. Recall the significant event that
happened to you in the pictures.
ANALYSIS
1. What initial characteristics you can recall when you were still 9 to 12
years old as shown in the picture?
2. What are the activities you commonly done which helped you developed
physically?
3. What was this event in the picture?
ABSTRACTION
This section will be discussed through a power point presentation. Look for
the folder “Instructional Materials”, in ED 101 and open the file named “Late
Childhood/Intermediate Schooler”. Take down notes on the important
information about the topic.
APPLICATION
A. Make a power point presentation about the physical development,
cognitive development and socioemotional development of intermediate
schoolers. Observe intermediate schoolers in action and take their pictures.
Describe the physical, cognitive and socio-emotional skills that you saw
them do. Expand it through internet searches and
Criteria:
Content/Relevance -15
downloads.
Message -15
Over-all impact -10
Total Score 40
Socio-emotional Development
(specific skill)
Point of Reflection
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
Interview a parent or a teacher of an intermediate schooler. Use the
questions below as your guide. Write your conclusions and insights.
Name of Parent (optional):
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Age and Grade level of the child:
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Gender of the child:
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Questions:
a. What were some marked changes in your child as he/she reached
intermediate level? (Grades 4 – 6)
b. How can you describe his/her interactions with parents, siblings-if any,
teachers and peers?
c. What can you say about your child’s self-confidence and self-esteem?
d. What activities in the home do you do to help your child interact with
people around him/her?
My Insights:
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY
Recall your real life experiences when you were in high school along with
the following aspects and share it to a partner.
1. Individual perceptions whether your growth was slow or fast, smooth or
by spurts, etc. Any sense of curiosity or concern (specially as to such
incidences as menstruation for girls and wet dreams for boys).
2. How your self-image was affected by your physical growth.
3. Parental relationship these years as you may have sought more
independence, privacy, etc.
4. Your grades and how these affected you.
5. Special group projects that gave you opportunities for higher thinking
and work collaboratively with peers and what cognitive processes were
demanded you? What socio-emotional processes demanded you when it
comes to working with group mates especially in decision making.
ABSTRACTION
This section will be discussed through a power point presentation. Look for
the folder “Instructional Materials”, in ED 101 and open the file named
“Adolescence”. Take down notes on the important information about the
topic.
For other sources, surf the internet and look for the definition of the
following key terms:
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
1.Pubertal changes
2. Sexual maturity
3. Secular trend
4. Adolescence sleeping habit
5. Exploration
6. The ideal masculine and feminine physique
7. Adolescents and nutrition
8. The ideal Body
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
1. Piaget’s Formal Operational Thinker
2. Seigler’s Information Processing Skills
3. Metacognition
4. Overachievers
5.Underachievers
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
6. Parental Involvement
7. Possible Adolescent behavior during cognitive growth
8. Developing Occupational skills
9. Extracurricular activities
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
1.Self understanding
2. Stereotype in gender differences
3. Developing self esteem
4. Friendship and intimacy
5. Phases of Identity Status
6. Promoting a Sense of Identity
7. Stereotypical Gender Roles
8. Moral Development
9. Development of Guilt
10. Influences in moral behavior
APPLICATION
A. Make a short movie about the physical development, cognitive
development and socioemotional development of high school learners.
Observe high school learners in action and take them videos. Describe the
physical, cognitive and socio-emotional skills that you saw them do.
Expand it through internet searches and downloads. a movie (movie
maker) intended for use of parents of high school
Criteria:learners.
Content/Relevance -15
Message -15
Over-all impact -10
Total Score 40
B. Cite at least 5 big ideas from this module. Give a concrete application of
each in your personal life.
Concept Learned An Application in the Teaching
-Learning Process
1.
3.
4.
5.
Point of Reflection
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In this unit, you will be acquainted with selected developmental theories namely:
Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory, Erikson’s Psychosocial theory, Piaget’s Cognitive
theory, Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development, Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural theory
and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological theory and you will learn the implication of these
Unit content standardstheories to the teaching and learning process.
At the end of the unit, you should be able to:
[1] demonstrate understanding on the various theories of human development and its implication
to education
Course Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course, you should be able to:
[1] demonstrate content knowledge and its application within/or across curriculum teaching areas
[2] demonstrate an understanding of the different research-based theories related to the broad
dimensions of child and adolescent development and their application to each particular
developmental level of the learners;
[3] demonstrate understanding of pedagogical principles suited to diverse learners’ needs and
experiences at different developmental levels
[4] demonstrate knowledge of laws, policies, guidelines and procedures that provide safe and
secure learning environments; and
[5] demonstrate knowledge of positive and non-violent management of learner behavior.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY
Surf and navigate the web provide information about the biography of
Sigmund Freud. Please include the link of the source. Write the information
in the box.
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ANALYSIS
ABSTRACTION
This section will be discussed through a power point presentation. Look for
the folder “Instructional Materials”, in ED 101 and open the file name
“Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory”. Take down notes on the important
information about the topic.
APPLICATION
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LEARNING OUTCOMES