Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Imrad
Imrad
City
Kevin A. Pagayaman1 and Ar. Renato C. Pareñas2
Abstract: A natural disaster such as floods poses a threat to humanity and risks the community's condition. In
Davao City, several identified barangays are prone to flooding; these include the research area Matina Aplaya
and Pangi. This study aims to determine the formal aspects and compare the resiliency of safety and the road
networks of two barangays using the tool developed from Australia, the Community Disaster Resilience (CDR)
Scorecard. Analyzing the safety and road networks of each community it seeks: how CDR Scorecard contributes
to flood-vulnerable communities in Davao City in achieving resilience? In this context, survey questionnaires
were distributed and collected from 248 respondents in each barangay and compared using Descriptive
Analysis. Also, semi-structured interviews are conducted for both community leaders and officers to support the
discussion. Analysis of the response showed that Barangay Matina Aplaya was more effective than Barangay
Matina Pangi by community disaster resilience in safety and road networks. Based on the four indicators;
connectedness, the level of risk and vulnerability, procedural supports, and available resources, the barangay
Matina Aplaya bounce-back higher when a disaster such as floods happens in the community. The enhancement
of safety and security measures, the stormwater drainage, geometrical aspects, and other factors are essential to
increase the community's resiliency.
Keywords: Community Disaster Resilience; vulnerability; flooding; CDR components; safety; road networks
1
2.1 Risk Reduction Flood Early Warning
Reducing risk for a particular section of a road
network implies influencing disaster occurrence, Flood early warning systems aim to give the
frequency, or intensity and decreasing the accountable person time before the actual issues
vulnerability of a specific sector. In the event of a begin to consider appropriate steps. It can be
reduction in the likelihood of a natural disaster, useful to expect the state of a road network during
surveillance is present for the timely warning, a flood to avoid the use of highways at risk and to
changes to flood control made for water flow define the safest access paths for rescue services
channels and suitable forest cover planting is to the impacted regions [ CITATION Ver10 \l
carried out, along with other interventions 1033 ]. A storm usually causes heavy rainfall,
[ CITATION Bil14 \l 1033 ]. fast and colossal spring, or strong river flow.
There are ways to reduce the vulnerability of road
networks; these are: 2.2 Road Networks Resilience Frameworks
2
route lengths, changing travel time, changing Equation Modeling, data from a significant study
traffic loads on alternative paths, and changing of public road users analyzed. Based on the
service levels. For identifying alternative corridor outcomes, the Malaysian government advised
paths, ArcGIS used. The risk priority number concentrating on controlling overloaded heavy
(RPN) on a scale with values between one to 10 cars in minimizing harm to the road infrastructure
using the failure mode and effect (FMEA) of the country. However, the road maintenance
technique for the hydrological, overloading, and program could be enhanced, and signs from this
research indicate a better design for maintenance
weather-related failure calculation methods was a
and coherent execution. Not least, because the
factor of vulnerability in road segment sections
hypothesis test findings firmly indicate that road
and current structures in road sections.
damage leads to accidents, road security depends
to some extent on certain road surface conditions.
Tacnet et al. (2012), in exceptional 2.3 Road Networks Standardization and
circumstances of time and safety, a road must link Geometrical Aspects
geographic regions and enable the transport of
people and products. Failures may involve both Elements of roadways such as pavement
users (vehicles, passengers, transported goods), slope, gradient, right of way, etc., influence
support infrastructure (road, safety equipment, transport in different ways. The central part of the
bridges, etc.) and transport function. Therefore, a pavement is moderately elevated and sloped to
route struck by natural events has two either side to avoid water from being ponded on
implications: on the one-part, human beings and the highway's ground. It will disintegrate the
vehicles can be wounded or damaged, riding quality as there will be many failures such
respectively. On the other hand, traffic
as potholes, etc., on the pavement. The minimum
disturbance can have profound indirect
lane width should provide to decrease the
implications: road closures result in economic
possibility of accidents. The vehicle speed will
effects, social implications, or security-related
effects that are difficult to evaluate. The also decrease, and it will also be more time
methodology needs to assess the vulnerability of consuming to reach the destination. The right-of-
roads, including the direct and indirect impacts of way should administer. If its width becomes less,
natural events. The volume of indirect exposure is it will be challenging to expand in the future and
directly related to the road's significance. A adversely affect the community's growth
structural Analysis Networks and decision [ CITATION Mat09 \l 1033 ].
analysis of multicriteria are used to consider the
distant characteristics of road closures and A provision that has been effective up to
evaluate their relative effectiveness. GeographLab this moment provides information in the level of
software is used to compute structural measures standards and technical requirements for the
and analyze the importance and pressure. To development of multiple living units on the same
conclude, the development of the software is still lot on which apartments, rowhouses, or a group of
in progress. single-detached building. This law was issued on
Road network plays an essential part in the 19 February 1977, the Presidential Decree 1096,
achievement of each nation's economy known today as the National Building Code of the
[ CITATION Jar13 \l 1033 ]. Road transport is Philippines. The purpose of this is to obtain
the primary mode of domestic transportation uniform standards and requirements on building
design, construction use, occupancy, and
[ CITATION Aga10 \l 1033 ] . It is, therefore,
vital to maintaining a reliable and sustainable maintenance in line with the policy of the state to
road infrastructure for economic growth and safeguard life, health, property, and public
social progress [ CITATION Fra11 \l 1033 ] . welfare. The Department of Public Works and
Damaged roads are regarded as significant Highways (DPWH) must compile these rules and
contributors to deadly accidents in motor vehicles regulations. This compilation was eventually
[ CITATION Far12 \l 1033 ] . The study of Shehu approved as the "Implementing Rules and
et al. (2014) enhances knowledge of variables that Regulations" ( IRR) of the code.
contribute to the disruption to Malaysian road
infrastructure to inform optimum maintenance
schemes and remedial actions. Using Structural
3
questionnaires were the result computation
source. The two (4) polls were damaged by heavy
rain, and this means that four surveys out of 500
questionnaires distributed in both barangays were
Figure 1: Minimum width of RROW
eliminated from the analysis and comparison.
3. Methodology The researcher used Mean and Standard
Deviation as a statistical tool to achieve the result
This study is was conducted to comply and
from the data gathered. The following statistical
evaluate the safety and road networks based on
tools were used for data computation.
standardization of 2 selected communities and
Mean. It used to determine the level of resilient
determine and measure their resiliency through
through every four components from the CDR
the framework chosen. After the completion of
Scorecard
data gathering and collection, the comparison and
Standard Deviation. It is used to measure the
analysis of 2 barangays regarding their capacity
variability of the scores of the mean. The lower
of resilience discussed. The focus of this research
its value, the consistent the respondent's score
was on the resiliency of the two barangays. To
was.
gather the necessary data, the researcher employs
Descriptive analysis using quantitative methods.
In interpreting the data, the table below with 5-
In quantitative methods focus on testing theories
point Likert Scale used from 5 the highest score
and hypotheses [ CITATION Str19 \l 1033 ],
and one as the lowest score.
which helps this study execute the data gathering
accurately. This method requires statistical and Descriptiv
numerical analysis through questionnaires and e
Range
surveys [ CITATION Bar10 \l 1033 ]. In Equivalent
qualitative methodologies, this enables the
4.20 – 5.00 Always
researcher to study in-depth and detail chose
3.40 – 4.19 Very frequent
problems without being restricted by 2.60 – 3.39 Rarely
predetermined assessment categories [ CITATION 1.80 – 2.59 Very Rarely
Mar14 \l 1033 ]. It includes focus groups, 1.00 – 1.79 Never
interviews, case studies, and literature reviews
[ CITATION Str19 \l 1033 ]. The importance of
conducting qualitative methods is to gather the
data coming from the selected officers of the
barangay, such as the barangay captain. It has to
succeed due to in-depth information integrating
the statement of the problem and objectives of
this study. The researcher also includes published
studies to support the goal and contribute to
Figure 2: 5-point Likert Scale
analyzing road network resilience in each
barangays.
4
Table 1: Descriptive results of the indicators of community disaster resilience in Barangay
Matina Aplaya
Standard
Safety and Road Networks Mean Description
Deviation
A. Community Connectedness
1. Do you feel your population is engaged with
organizations (e.g., clubs, service groups, sports teams, 2.83 0.93 Rarely
chapel, library?
2. Do community members have access to a range of
communication methods to gather and share information 2.69 0.73 Rarely
during times of emergency?
3. What is the level of communication between the local
2.81 0.83 Rarely
governing body and the population?
Category mean 2.77 0.83 Rarely
1. How often that this area is prone to flooding? 2.98 0.84 Rarely
2. Are you afraid or worried that your community could
2.93 0.68 Rarely
be isolated during an emergency event?
3. Do yourself or the members of the family
independently move to safety? (e.g., in- 2.83 0.83 Rarely
___institutionalized, mobile with own vehicle, adult)
4. Are the members of the community have a problem
2.84 0.72 Rarely
crossing the roads during an emergency such as floods?
Category mean 2.90 0.77 Rarely
C. Procedures that support community disaster planning, response,
and recovery
1. To what extent and level are households within the
community engaged in planning for disaster response 3.12 1.02 Rarely
and recovery?
2. How often that planned activities to reach the entire
2.63 0.82 Rarely
community about all-hazards resilience?
3. Does the community meet requirements for disaster
readiness (informed public, communication ___plans, 2.54 0.81 Very Rarely
regular drills or exercises, etc.)?
4. Do post-disaster event response is active in your
2.64 0.81 Rarely
community?
Category mean 2.73 0.90 Rarely
5
or recovery centers (e.g., school halls, community or
shopping centers, post office) and included in resilience
strategy?
Category mean 2.67 0.83 Rarely
6
or the category mean. It will process on each
component.
Table 4: Descriptive results of the indicators of community disaster resilience of Barangay Matina Pangi
Standard
Safety and Road Networks Mean Description
Deviation
A. Community Connectedness
1. Do you feel that your population is engaged with
organizations (e.g., clubs, service groups, sports 2.79 0.84 Rarely
teams, chapel, library?
2. Do community members have access to a range of
communication methods to gather and share 2.42 0.85 Very Rarely
information during times of emergency?
3. What is the level of communication between the 2.71 0.87 Rarely
local governing body and population?
Category mean 2.64 0.86 Rarely
B. Level of risk and vulnerability
1. How often that this area is prone to flooding? 3.90 1.33 Very Frequent
2. Are you afraid or worried that your community 2.71 0.82 Rarely
could be isolated during an emergency event?
3. Do yourself or the members of the family
independently move to safety? (e.g., in- 2.77 0.82 Rarely
___institutionalized, mobile with own vehicle,
adult)
4. Are the members of the community have a
problem crossing the roads during an emergency 2.68 0.92 Rarely
such as floods?
Category mean 3.02 1.12 Rarely
C. Procedures that support community disaster planning, response,
and recovery
1. To what extent and level are households within the
community engaged in planning for disaster 2.70 0.84 Rarely
response and recovery?
2. How often that planned activities to reach the 2.85 0.89 Rarely
entire community about all-hazards resilience?
3. Does the community meet requirements for
disaster readiness (informed public, 2.66 0.88 Rarely
communication ___plans, regular drills or
exercises, etc.)?
7
4. Do post-disaster event response is active in your 2.13 1.15 Very Rarely
community?
Category mean 2.59 0.99 Very Rarely
D. Available emergency planning, response, and recovery resources
1. How comprehensive is the local infrastructure
emergency protection plan? (e.g., water supply, 2.77 0.88 Rarely
___sewerage, power system)
2. What proportion of the population with skills
useful in emergency response/ recovery (e.g., first 2.56 0.85 Very Rarely
aid, safe food handling) can be mobilized if
needed?
3. To what extent are all educational institutions
(public/private schools, all levels including early 2.68 0.98 Rarely
child care) engaged in emergency preparedness
education?
4. How are available medical and public health 2.50 0.96 Very Rarely
services included in emergency planning?
5. Are readily accessible locations available as
evacuation or recovery centers (e.g., school halls, 2.53 0.95 Very Rarely
community or shopping centers, post office) and
included in resilience strategy?
Category mean 2.61 0.93 Rarely
8
Community Score
Resilience
Components
Community 2.64 Caution Zone
Connectedness
Risk and 3.02 Caution Zone
Vulnerability
Planning and 2.59 Caution Zone
Procedures
Available 2.61 Caution Zone
Resources
Average 2.71 Caution Zone
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Table 5: Barangay Matina Pangi Scorecard
5. Conclusion
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