Chapter 2 and 3

Residential X
a. 490 – 7.55 kW; 8 – 1.35 kW motor load houses

b. 130 – 10.25 kW load houses
c. 150 – 12 kW; 240 – 6.25 kW motors, res-comm bldg
d. 130 – 3.95 kW load houses
e. 160 – 12 kW; 60 – 185 kW; 32 – 2.22 kW motors, comm. Bldg
f. 56 – 12 kW; 200 – 1.95 kW, 6 – 1.5 kW motors, comm. Bldg
Residential X
Number of Units, Rating/unit (kW),

Type of Consumer
n P
Residential 490 7.55

General Power Service 8 1.35
Residential 130 10.25
Residential 150 12
General Power Service 240 6.25
Residential Y
Residential z
Commercial J
Commercial K
Industrial X
Publi and Street Lights

load houses
rs, res-comm bldg
22 kW motors, comm. Bldg

5 kW motors, comm. Bldg
Source= Morse book, page 42
Lc = n*P/ᵑ Lpc =Lc * DEF
Total Connected Demand Factor, Consumer Peak

Efficiecny, ᵑ
Load (kW), Lc DEF Load, Lpc
N/A 3699.5 0.5 1849.75

N/A 10.8 0.75 8.1
N/A 1332.5 0.5 666.25
N/A 1800 0.5 900
N/A 1500 0.75 1125
Total Consumer Peak Load Lpc 4549.1
Total Consumer Peak Load Lpc

Type of Consumer DEF
1/4 kW 1
Residence Lighting 1/2 kW 0.6
Over 1 kW 0.5
Restaurants 0.7
Stores and offices 0.7
Theaters 0.6
Commercial Lighting
Small Industry 0.6
Schools, Chruches 0.55
Hotels 0.5
7.5 kW 0.75
7.5 kW - 15 kW 0.65
General Power Service
15 kW - 75 kW 0.55
Over 75 kW 0.5
Diversity Facto
Source= Morse book, page 42
Diversity Factor
Consumer Peak load
Facility Typer of Consumer between
(kW), Lpc
Consumers, DIFc
Residential X Residential 4549.1 3.5
Residential Y Residential 5421 3.5
Residential z Residential 5555 3.5
Commercial J Commercial 6789 1.5
Commercial K Commercial 2235 1.5
Factory X industrial/General Po 1234 1.5
Publi and Street LightsPuclic Lights/ General 5678 1.5
Total Consumer Peak Load Lpt
Morse book, page 42
Lpt = Lpc / DIFc
Transformer Peak
Load (kW), Lpt
1299.74
1548.86
1587.14
4526.00
1490.00
822.67
3785.33
15059.74
Diversity Factor
Residence Commercial
Lighting Lighting
Between Consumers 3-4 1.5
Between Transformers 1.3 1.3
Between Feeders 1.2 1.2
Between Substations 1.1 1.1
General Power
Service
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.1
Power Plant Peak Load (Lpp)
𝐿𝑝𝑝= (∑▒𝐿𝑝𝑡)/( 〖 𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑡∗ 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑓∗

〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑓∗
〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑠
_𝑠 ))
1.3 DIFt Diversity factors between transformers

1.2 DIFf Diversity factors between feeders Source= Morse book, page 42
1.1 DIFs Diversity factors between substations
Maximum Power Plant Capacity (Lppmax)

𝐿𝑝𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥=𝐿𝑝𝑝 ∗(1+0.05+0.075)
5% allowance on the plant peak load for the house and quarter service loads inside the power plant
7.50% allowance for overload of the system to prevent future installation
Morse book, page 42
nside the power plant

Purpose of Annual Load Curve:
Determine the Base Load, Intermediate Load, and Peak Load
Ojectives of the activity:

1. Show the Daily Load Curve (DLC) per consumer per season.
See tabs 2&3.
2. Show the Daily Load Curve (DLC) per sector per season.
See tab 4.
3. Show the Annual Load Curve (arrange from highest to lowest load)
See tab 5.
Deadline of submission is on the first Friday of the week of class resumption.

Submit it (together with Chapter 1) through Blackboard
in PDF form, TNR12 font, A4 size paper
resumption.
1 Compute the Group Diversity Factor of each Consumer Group (DIFo)
〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑂=( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝐶)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑡)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑓)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹

See〗the
_𝑠)table on page 42, Power Plant Design by Morse
2 Compute the Adjusted Peak Load of each Consumer Group
𝐿_(𝑃𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 )= 𝐿_𝑝𝑐/ 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑜
3 Estimate the Daily Load of the Consumer Group for the 4 Seasons
*Estimate the load every 30 mins for 24 hours.
*Assume the load values based on the events observed on current events on each consumer group.
*Consider the appliances and daily activities of the consumers.
*The maxumum value should be the Lpadjusted calculated on (#2)
4 Present it in Time Series Curve
*Describe the graph by narrating/interpreting the overall trend while explaining the key features.
Residential X Daily Load Curve: Christmas

Consumption
Time
Example
〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑂=( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝐶)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑡)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑓)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑠)
ign by Morse 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑂=(3.5)(1.3)(1.2)(1.1)
〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑂=6.006
𝐿_(𝑃𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 )= 𝐿_𝑝𝑐/ 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 For
_𝑜 Residential X
𝐿_(𝑃𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 )= (4549.1 𝑘𝑊)/6.006=757.4 𝑘𝑊
nsumer group. Daily Consumption of Residential X, in MW

Time Festive Summer Rainy Christmas
12:00:00 MN 0.57 0.723 0.493 0.493
12:30:00 AM 0.57 0.723 0.493 0.493
key features. 01:00:00 AM 0.57 0.723 0.493 0.493
01:30:00 AM 0.57 0.723 0.493 0.493
… … … … …
… … … … …
10:00:00 PM 0.57 0.723 0.493 0.757
10:30:00 PM 0.57 0.723 0.493 0.493
11:00:00 PM 0.57 0.723 0.493 0.493
11:30:00 PM 0.57 0.723 0.493 0.493
Examples
Residential X Daily Load Curve: Festive Residential X Daily Load Curve: Christmas
Consumption
Consumption
Time Time
Residential X Daily Load Curve: Summer Residential X Daily Load Curve: Rainy
Consumption
Consumption
Time Time
1 Daily Load Curve per Sector per Season
𝐿_(𝑃 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)= 〖 (𝐿_(𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑋)+𝐿_(𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑌)+𝐿_(𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑍)) 〗 _(𝐹𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 )
* Calculate the other Lp residential for other season; Lp res_sum, Lp res_rain, and Lp res_cmas
* Repeat steps for the remaining seasons; summer, rainy, and christmas
*Show each curve
2 Daily Load Curve per Season
𝐿_(𝑃 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛)= ∑▒𝐿_(𝑃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛)
𝐿_(𝑃 𝐹𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)= 〖 (𝐿_(𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙)+𝐿_(𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙)+𝐿_(𝑝 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙)+𝐿_(𝑝 𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐)) 〗 _(𝐹𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 )
* Repeat steps for the remaining seasons; summer, rainy, and christmas
*Show all season curves
Examples
Residential Daily Load Curve: Festive
Time Residential X Residential Y Residential Z Lp res_fes (MW)
12:00:00 MN 0.57 0.58 0.38 1.53
𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑍)) 〗 _(𝐹𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 ) 12:30:00 AM 0.57 0.58 0.3 1.45
in, and Lp res_cmas 01:00:00 AM 0.57 0.58 0.3 1.45
01:30:00 AM 0.57 0.58 0.3 1.45
…… … … …
…… … … …
10:00:00 PM 0.57 0.62 0.38 1.57
10:30:00 PM 0.57 0.62 0.38 1.57
11:00:00 PM 0.57 0.58 0.38 1.53
11:30:00 PM 0.57 0.58 0.38 1.53
𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐)) 〗 _(𝐹𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 )
Daily Load Curve: Festive

Time Lp res_fes Lp com_fes Lp ind_fes Lp pub_fes
12:00:00 MN 1.53 4.64 7.52 2.21
12:30:00 AM 1.45 4.64 7.52 2.21
01:00:00 AM 1.45 4.01 7.52 2.21
01:30:00 AM 1.45 4.01 7.52 2.21
…… … …
…… … …
10:00:00 PM 1.57 5.5 7.52 3.87
10:30:00 PM 1.57 5.2 7.52 3.87
11:00:00 PM 1.53 5 7.52 3.87
11:30:00 PM 1.53 4.8 7.52 3.87
Lp fes (MW)
15.9
15.82
15.19
15.19
…
…
18.46
18.16
17.92
17.72
1 Define the duration(number of days per year) of each Season
*How many days of festive season in a year?
2 Get the Load Projection per Season
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=(ℎ𝑟/𝑑𝑎𝑦)(𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛)
*Repeat steps for the reamining seasons
3.Combine the Load Projections of all seasons

*arrange from highest to lowest
Highest
Lowest
4. Show the Annual Load Curve

*see the example on the right.
Season Days/year
Festive 80 40 1920 hours per season
Summer 100 50
Rainy 90 45
Christmas 95 47.5
365
Load Projection: Festive

Equivalent
days/
Time Lp fes (MW) hr/day Duration
season
(hours)
12:00:00 MN 15.9 0.5 80 40
12:30:00 AM 15.82 0.5 80 40
01:00:00 AM 15.19 0.5 80 40
01:30:00 AM 15.19 0.5 80 40
… … … … …
… … … … …
10:00:00 PM 18.46 0.5 80 40
10:30:00 PM 18.16 0.5 80 40
11:00:00 PM 17.92 0.5 80 40
11:30:00 PM 17.72 0.5 80 40
total = 1920 hours
Combined Load Projection

Lp Duration Season
17.67 50 Summer
17.52 50 Summer
17.21 50 Summer
… … …
15.9 40 Festive
15.89 50 Summer
15.88 47.5 Christmas
15.88 50 Summer
15.82 40 Festive
… … …
7.25 45 Rainy
Total = 8760 Hours
Examples
thickest (50 hours duration)
thickness depends on the duration values.
thinner (40 hours in a year)

L
o
a
d
,
M
W
until
time, hr 8760th hr
the duration values.

Chapter 2 and 3

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Chapter 2 and 3

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Residential X

a. 490 – 7.55 kW; 8 – 1.35 kW motor load houses

Number of Units, Rating/unit (kW),

Residential 490 7.55

Publi and Street Lights

rs, res-comm bldg

22 kW motors, comm. Bldg

Source= Morse book, page 42

Lc = n*P/ᵑ Lpc =Lc * DEF

Total Connected Demand Factor, Consumer Peak

N/A 3699.5 0.5 1849.75

Total Consumer Peak Load Lpc

Total Consumer Peak Load Lpc

Total Consumer Peak Load Lpc

Total Consumer Peak Load Lpc

Total Consumer Peak Load Lpc

Lpt = Lpc / DIFc

𝐿𝑝𝑝= (∑▒𝐿𝑝𝑡)/( 〖 𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑡∗ 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑓∗

1.3 DIFt Diversity factors between transformers

Maximum Power Plant Capacity (Lppmax)

nside the power plant

Ojectives of the activity:

Deadline of submission is on the first Friday of the week of class resumption.

〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑂=( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝐶)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑡)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑓)( 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹

2 Compute the Adjusted Peak Load of each Consumer Group

𝐿_(𝑃𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 )= 𝐿_𝑝𝑐/ 〖𝐷𝐼𝐹〗 _𝑜

Residential X Daily Load Curve: Christmas

𝐿_(𝑃𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 )= (4549.1 𝑘𝑊)/6.006=757.4 𝑘𝑊

nsumer group. Daily Consumption of Residential X, in MW

𝐿_(𝑃 𝐹𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)= 〖 (𝐿_(𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙)+𝐿_(𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙)+𝐿_(𝑝 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙)+𝐿_(𝑝 𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐)) 〗 _(𝐹𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 )

Daily Load Curve: Festive

2 Get the Load Projection per Season

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=(ℎ𝑟/𝑑𝑎𝑦)(𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛)

*Repeat steps for the reamining seasons

3.Combine the Load Projections of all seasons

4. Show the Annual Load Curve

Load Projection: Festive

Combined Load Projection

thickest (50 hours duration)

thickness depends on the duration values.

thinner (40 hours in a year)

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Lc = nP/ᵑ Lpc =Lc DEF