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Section 15 PDF
Section 15 PDF
LEATHER BELTS
DESIGN PROBLEMS
Solution:
hp = 1
(F − F2 )vm
33,000
60 = 1
(F − F2 )(4948)
33,000
F1 − F2 = 400 lb
F1 = 3F2
3F2 − F2 = 400 lb
F2 = 200 lb
F1 = 3F2 = 3(200) = 600 lb
F1 = sbt
sd = 300η
For cemented joint, η = 1.0
sd = 300 psi
20
F1 = 600 = (300 )(b )
64
b = 6.4 in
say b = 6.5 in
Page 1 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
F1 600
(c) s = = = 128 psi
ηbt 20
(1)(15)
64
1 1 1 1 1
(d) 2 Fo2 = F12 + F22 = (600)2 + (200)2
Fo = 373.2 lb
F1 = 525 lb
1 1 1
2(373.2) = (525) + F
2 2
2
2
F2 = 247 lb
F1 525
= = 2.1255
F2 247
842. A 20-hp, 1750 rpm, slip-ring motor is to drive a ventilating fan at 330 rpm. The
horizontal center distance must be about 8 to 9 ft. for clearance, and operation is
continuous, 24 hr./day. (a) What driving-pulley size is needed for a speed
recommended as about optimum in the Text? (b) Decide upon a pulley size (iron
or steel) and belt thickness, and determine the belt width by the ALBA tables. (c)
Compute the stress from the general belt equation assuming that the applicable
coefficient of friction is that suggested by the Text. (d) Suppose the belt is
installed with an initial tension Fo = 70 lb in . (§17.10), compute F1 F2 and the
stress on the tight side if the approximate relationship of the operating tensions
1 1 1
and the initial tensions is F1 + F = 2 F .
2
2
2
o
2
Page 2 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Solution:
vm = 4000 to 4500 fpm
assume vm = 4250 fpm
πD n
vm = 1 1
12
πD (1750 )
4250 = 1
12
D1 = 9.26 in
say D1 = 10 in
23
(b) Using Heavy Double Ply Belt, t = in
64
Minimum pulley diameter for vm ≈ 4250 fpm , D1 = 10 in
Use D1 = 10 in
πD n π (10 )(1750)
vm = 1 1 = = 4581 fpm
12 12
ALBA Tables
(
hp = (hp in., Table 17.1)(bCmC p ) C f1 C f 2 L )
hp in = 13.8
Slip ring motor, Cm = 0.4
Pulley Size, D1 = 10 in
C p = 0 .7
Table 17.7, 24 hr/day, continuous
N sf = 1.8
Assume C f = 0.74
hp = (1.8)(20) = (13.8)(b )(0.4)(0.7 )(0.74 )
b = 12.59 in
use b = 13 in
Page 3 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
33,000(1.8)(20 )
F1 − F2 = = 260 lb
4581
f = 0.3 on iron or steel
D − D1
θ ≈π ± 2
C
C = 8 ~ 9 ft use 8.5 ft
1750
D2 = (10 ) = 53 in
330
53 − 10
θ =π − = 2.72 rad
8.5(12 )
fθ = (0.3)(2.72) = 0.816
e fθ − 1 e 0.816 − 1
= 0.816 = 0.5578
e fθ e
23 12(0.035)(76.35)
2
F1 − F2 = 260 = (13) s − (0.5578)
64 32.2
s = 176 psi
1 1 1
(d) F1 2 + F22 = 2 Fo2
Fo = (70 lb in )(13 in ) = 910 lb
F1 − F2 = 260 lb
F2 = F1 − 260 lb
1 1 1
F1 + (F1 − 260)2 = 2(910)2 = 60.33
2
F1 = 1045 lb
F2 = 1045 − 260 = 785 lb
F11045
s= = = 224 psi
bt 23
(13)
64
F1 1045
= = 1.331
F2 785
Page 4 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
1 1 1
initial tension Fo is F1 + F = 2 F . For the condition in (c), compute Fo . Is it
2
2
2
o
2
Solution:
(a) Table 17.1
πD n π (16)(1140 )
vm = 1 1 = = 4775 fpm
12 12
Use heavy double-ply belt
23
t= in
64
hp in = 14.1
(
hp = (hp in., Table 17.1)(bCmC p ) C f1 C f 2 L)
line starting electric motor , Cm = 0.5
Table 17.7, squirrel-cage, electric motor, line starting, reciprocating compressor
N sf = 1.4
D1 = 16 in , C p = 0.8
assume, C f = 0.74
hp = (1.4)(100) = 140 hp
hp = 140 = (14.1)(b )(0.5)(0.8)(0.74)
b = 33.5 in
use b = 34 in
Page 5 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
e fθ − 1
= 0.2496
e fθ
fθ = 0.28715
D − D1
θ ≈π ± 2
C
C = 8 ft
53 − 16
θ =π − = 2.7562 rad
8(12)
f (2.7562) = 0.28715
f = 0.1042 < 0.3
Therefore satisfactory.
(c) F1 − F2 = 968 lb
F1 = 2F2
2 F2 − F2 = 968 lb
F1 = 2 F2 = 2(968) = 1936 lb
F 1936
s= 1 = = 159 psi
bt 23
(34)
64
Fo = 1411 lb
1411
Fo = = 41.5 lb in of width is less than Taylor’s recommendation and is reasonable.
34
Page 6 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Solution:
πD1n1 π (13)(865)
(a) vm = = = 2944 fpm
12 12
Table 17.1, use Heavy Double Ply,
Dmin = 9 in for vm = 2944 fpm
belts less than 8 in wide
23
t= in
64
( )
hp = (hp in., Table 17.1)(bCmC p ) C f1 C f 2 L
hp in = 9.86
Table 17.2
Cm = 0.67
C p = 0 .8
C f = (0.74 )(0.80 ) = 0.592
Table 17.7, electric motor, compensator-started (squirrel cage) and reciprocating
compressor
N sf = 1.4
hp = (1.4)(50) = 70 hp
hp = 70 = (9.86)(b )(0.67 )(0.8)(0.592 )
b = 22.4 in
use b = 25 in
Page 7 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
e fθ − 1 e 0.705 − 1
= 0.705 = 0.5059
e fθ e
33,000(1.4 )(50 )
F1 − F2 = = 785 lb
2944
23 12(0.035)(49.1)
2
F1 − F2 = 785 = (25) s − (0.5059 )
64 32.2
s = 204 psi
Cemented joint, η = 1.0
s = 204 psi
23
(c) F1 = sbt = (204 )(25) = 1833 lb
64
F2 = 1833 − 785 = 1048 lb
F1 1833
= = 1.749
F2 1048
1 1 1
(d) 2 Fo2 = F12 + F22
1 1 1
2 F = (1833)2 + (1048)2
o
2
Fo = 1413 lb
1413
Fo = = 56.5 lb in
25
Approximately less than Taylor’s recommendation ( = 70 lb/in.)
(e) L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
(D2 − D1 )2
4C
Page 8 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
CHECK PROBLEMS
846. An exhaust fan in a wood shop is driven by a belt from a squirrel-cage motor that
runs at 880 rpm, compensator started. A medium double leather belt, 10 in. wide
is used; C = 54 in .; D1 = 14 in . (motor), D2 = 54 in ., both iron. (a) What
horsepower, by ALBA tables, may this belt transmit? (b) For this power,
compute the stress from the general belt equation. (c) For this stress, what is
F1 F2 ? (d) If the belt has stretched until s = 200 psi on the tight side, what is
F1 F2 ? (e) Compute the belt length.
Solution:
12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
(b) F1 − F2 = bt s −
32.2 e fθ
b = 10 in
20
t= in
64
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
3225
vs = = 53.75 fps
60
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
54 − 14
θ =π − = 2.4 rad
54
Leather on iron f = 0.3
fθ = (0.3)(2.4) = 0.72
Page 9 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
e fθ − 1 e 0.72 − 1
= 0.72 = 0.51325
e fθ e
33,000(26.43)
F1 − F2 = = 270 lb
3225
20 12(0.035)(53.75)
2
F1 − F2 = 270 = (10 ) s − (0.51325)
64 32.2
s = 206 psi
20
(c) F1 = sbt = (206 )(10 ) = 644 lb
64
F2 = 644 − 270 = 374 lb
F1 644
= = 1.72
F2 374
(e) L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
( D2 − D1 )
2
4C
Solution:
πD1n1 π (8)(1750)
(a) vm = = = 3665 fpm
12 12
b = 6 in
F1 − F2 = (40)(6) = 240 lb
Page 10 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
hp =
(F1 − F2 )vm = (240)(3665) = 26.65 hp
33,000 33,000
(b) F1 = 3F2
3F2 − F2 = 240 lb
F2 = 120 lb
F1 = 360 lb
F
s= 1
bt
For heavy single-ply leather belt
13
t= in
64
360
s= = 295 psi
13
(6)
64
12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
(c) F1 − F2 = bt s −
32.2 e fθ
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
3665
vs = = 61.1 fps
60
F1 − F2 = 240 lb
13 12(0.035)(61.1) e fθ − 1
2
F1 − F2 = 240 = (6 ) 295 − fθ
64 32.2 e
e fθ − 1
= 0.7995
e fθ
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
12 − 8
θ =π − = 3.075 rad
5(12)
e fθ = 4.9875
fθ = 1.607
f (3.075) = 1.607
f = 0.5226
Page 11 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
b = 10 in
Cm = 1.0 (assumed)
C p = 0 .6
C f = 0.74
848. A 10-in. medium double leather belt, cemented joints, transmits 60 hp from a 9-
in. paper pulley to a 15-in. pulley on a mine fab; dusty conditions. The
compensator-started motor turns 1750 rpm; C = 42 in . This is an actual
installation. (a) Determine the horsepower from the ALBA tables. (b) Using the
general equation, determine the horsepower for this belt. (c) Estimate the service
factor from Table 17.7 and apply it to the answer in (b). Does this result in better
or worse agreement of (a) and (b)? What is your opinion as to the life of the belt?
Solution:
πD n π (9 )(1750)
vm = 1 1 = = 4123 fpm
12 12
(a) hp = (hp in )(b )CmC pC f
Table 17.1 and 17.2
Medium double leather belt
20
t= in
64
vm = 4123 fpm
hp in = 11.15
Cm = 0.67
C p = 0 .7
C f = 0.74
b = 10 in
hp = (11.15)(10)(0.67 )(0.7 )(0.74) = 38.7 hp
12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
(b) F1 − F2 = bt s − fθ
32.2 e
b = 10 in
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
s = 400η
η = 1.0 cemented joint
s = 400 psi
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
Page 12 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
15 − 9
θ =π − = 2.9987 rad
42
Leather on paper pulleys, f = 0.5
fθ = (0.5)(2.9987 ) = 1.5
e fθ − 1
= 0.77687
e fθ
4123
vs = = 68.72 fps
60
20 12(0.035)(68.72 )
2
F1 − F2 = (10 ) 400 − (0.77687 ) = 822 lb
64 32.2
hp =
( F1 − F2 )vm (822)(4123)
= = 102.7 hp
33,000 33,000
MISCELLANEOUS
849. Let the coefficient of friction be constant. Find the speed at which a leather belt
may transmit maximum power if the stress in the belt is (a) 400 psi, (b) 320 psi.
(c) How do these speeds compare with those mentioned in §17.9, Text? (d)
Would the corresponding speeds for a rubber belt be larger or smaller? (HINT:
Try the first derivative of the power with respect to velocity.)
Solution:
12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
F1 − F2 = bt s −
32.2 e fθ
hp = 1
(F − F2 )vm
33,000
60(F1 − F2 )vs
hp =
33,000
60vs bt 12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
hp = s −
33,000 32.2 e fθ
60bt e fθ − 1 12 ρvs2
hp = s − v s
33,000 e fθ 32.2
Page 13 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
850. A 40-in. pulley transmits power to a 20-in. pulley by means of a medium double
leather belt, 20 in. wide; C = 14 ft , let f = 0.3 . (a) What is the speed of the 40-in
pulley in order to stress the belt to 300 psi at zero power? (b) What maximum
horsepower can be transmitted if the indicated stress in the belt is 300 psi? What
is the speed of the belt when this power is transmitted? (See HINT in 849).
Solution:
12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
F1 − F2 = bt s − fθ
32.2 e
Page 14 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
60(F1 − F2 )vs
hp =
33,000
60bt e fθ − 1 12 ρvs2
hp = s − v s
33,000 e fθ 32.2
d (hp ) 60bt e fθ − 1 12 ρvs2 24 ρvs2
= s − − =0
d (vs ) 33,000 e fθ 32.2 32.2
36 ρvs2
s= for maximum power
32.2
(a) At zero power:
12 ρvs2
s=
32.2
s = 300 psi
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
12(0.035)vs2
300 =
32.2
vs = 151.6575 fps
vm = 9100 fpm
12vm 12(9100 )
Speed, 40 in pulley, n2 = = = 869 rpm
πD2 π (40)
(b) Maximum power
36 ρvs2
s=
32.2
36(0.035)vs2
300 =
32.2
vs = 87.5595 fps
vm = 5254 fpm
60bt e fθ − 1 12 ρvs2
hp = s − v s
33,000 e fθ 32.2
20
t= in
64
b = 20 in
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
40 − 20
θ =π − = 3.0225 rad
14(12)
f = 0 .3
Page 15 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
fθ = (0.3)(3.0225) = 0.90675
e fθ − 1
= 0.5962
e fθ
20
60(20)
64 (0.5962)300 − 12(0.035)(87.5595) (87.5595) = 118.64
2
hp =
33,000 32.2
vm = 5254 fpm
Solution:
(a) F1 = sbt
b = 12 in
20
t= in
64
20
F1 = (375)(12 )
64
33,000hp
(b) F1 − F2 =
vm
πD n π (12)(1200 )
vm = 1 1 = = 3770 fpm
12 12
Table 17.7, N sf = 1.2
33,000(1.2 )(100 )
F1 − F2 = = 1050 lb
3770
F2 = F1 − 1050 = 1406 − 1050 = 356 lb
12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
(c) F1 − F2 = bt s − fθ
32.2 e
3770
vs = = 62.83 fps
60
Page 16 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Compressor Pulley
π
θ = 2403o = 240 = 4.1888 rad
180
f (4.1888) = 2.006
f = 0.4789
(d) Force:
Page 17 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
π − θ1 π − 2.356
α1 = θ1′ − θ1 − = 3.3685 − 2.356 − = 0.6197 rad = 35.5o
2 2
θ2 − π 3.9273 − π
α2 = + θ 2′ − θ 2 = + 4.1888 − 3.9273 = 0.6544 rad = 37.5o
2 2
Q = F1 (sin α1 + sin α 2 ) = 1406(sin 35.5 + sin 37.5) = 1672 lb of force exerted
Size of pulley; For medium double leather belt,
vm = 3770 fpm , width = 12 in > 8 in
D = 6 + 2 = 8 in
Page 18 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
852. A 40-hp motor, weighing 1915 lb., runs at 685 rpm and is mounted on a pivoted
3
base. In Fig. 17.11, Text, e = 10 in ., h = 19 in . The center of the 11 ½-in.
16
motor pulley is 11 ½ in. lower than the center of the 60-in. driven pulley;
C = 48 in . (a) With the aid of a graphical layout, find the tensions in the belt for
maximum output of the motor if it is compensator started. What should be the
width of the medium double leather belt if s = 300 psi ? (c) What coefficient of
friction is indicated by the general belt equation? (Data courtesy of Rockwood
Mfg. Co.)
Solution:
(a)
R = 1915 lb
Graphically
b ≈ 26 in
a ≈ 9 in
[∑ M B =0 ]
eR = F1a + F2b
(10)(1915) = (F1 )(9) + (F2 )(26)
9 F1 + 26 F2 = 19,150
For compensator started
hp = 1.4(rated hp ) = 1.4(40 ) = 56 hp
33,000hp
F1 − F2 =
vm
Page 19 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
πD1n1 π (11.5)(685)
vm = = = 2062 fpm
12 12
33,000(56 )
F1 − F2 = = 896 lb
2062
F2 = F1 − 896
Substituting
9 F1 + 26(F1 − 896) = 19,150
F1 = 1213 lb
F2 = 1213 − 896 = 317 lb
20
For medium leather belt, t = in
64
F1 = sbt
20
1213 = (300 )(b )
64
b = 13 in
12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
(c) F1 − F2 = bt s −
32.2 e fθ
2062
vs = = 34.37 fps
60
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
20 12(0.035)(34.37 ) e fθ − 1
896 = (13) 300 − e fθ
64 32.2
e fθ − 1
= 0.775
e fθ
fθ = 1.492
D − D1 60 − 11.5
θ =π − 2 =π − = 2.1312 rad
C 48
f (2.1312 ) = 1.492
f = 0.70
853. A 50-hp motor, weighing 1900 lb., is mounted on a pivoted base, turns 1140 rpm,
3
and drives a reciprocating compressor; in Fig. 17.11, Text, e = 8 in .,
4
5
h = 17 in . The center of the 12-in. motor pulley is on the same level as the
16
center of the 54-in. compressor pulley; C = 40 in . (a) With the aid of a graphical
layout, find the tensions in the belt for maximum output of the motor if it is
compensator started. (b) What will be the stress in the belt if it is a heavy double
Page 20 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
leather belt, 11 in. wide? (c) What coefficient of friction is indicated by the
general belt equation? (Data courtesy of Rockwood Mfg. Co.)
Solution:
(a) For compensator-started
hp = 1.4(50) = 70 hp
33,000hp
F1 − F2 =
vm
πD n π (12 )(1140)
vm = 1 1 = = 3581 fpm
12 12
33,000(70 )
F1 − F2 = = 645 lb
2062
b ≈ 25 in
a ≈ 5 in
R = 1900 lb
eR = F 1a + F2b
(8.75)(1900) = F 1 (5) + F2 (25)
F 1+5F2 = 3325 lb
645 + F 2+5F2 = 3325 lb
F2 = 447 lb
F1 = 645 + F2 = 645 + 447 = 1092 lb
Page 21 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
F1 1092
s= = = 276 psi
bt 20
(11)
64
12 ρvs2 e fθ − 1
(c) F1 − F2 = bt s −
32.2 e fθ
3581
vs = = 59.68 fps
60
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
23 12(0.035)(59.68) e fθ − 1
645 = (11) 276 − e fθ
64 32.2
fθ = 1.241
D − D1 54 − 12
θ =π − 2 =π − = 2.092 rad
C 40
f (2.092 ) = 1.492
f = 0.60
RUBBER BELTS
854. A 5-ply rubber belt transmits 20 horsepower to drive a mine fan. An 8-in., motor
pulley turns 1150 rpm; D2 = 36 in ., fan pulley; C = 23 ft . (a) Design a rubber
belt to suit these conditions, using a net belt pull as recommended in §17.15,
Text. (b) Actually, a 9-in., 5-ply Goodrich high-flex rubber belt was used. What
are the indications for a good life?
Solution:
D2 − D1 36 − 8
(a) θ = π − =π − = 3.040 rad = 174o
C 23(12 )
Kθ = 0.976
bv N K
hp = m p θ
2400
Kθ = 0.976
πD n π (8)(1150)
vm = 1 1 = = 2409 fpm
12 12
Np = 5
b(2409 )(5)(0.976 )
hp = 20 =
2400
b = 4.1 in
min. b = 5 in
Page 22 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
855. A 20-in., 10-ply rubber belt transmits power from a 300-hp motor, running at 650
rpm, to an ore crusher. The center distance between the 33-in. motor pulley and
the 108-in. driven pulley is 18 ft. The motor and crusher are so located that the
belt must operate at an angle 75o with the horizontal. What is the overload
capacity of this belt if the rated capacity is as defined in §17.15, Text?
Solution:
bv N
hp = m p
2400
b = 20 in
πD n π (33)(650)
vm = 1 1 = = 5616 fpm
12 12
N p = 10
hp =
(20)(5616)(10 ) = 468 hp
2400
468 − 300
Overlaod Capacity = (100% ) = 56%
300
V-BELTS
NOTE: If manufacturer’s catalogs are available, solve these problems from catalogs as
well as from data in the Text.
856. A centrifugal pump, running at 340 rpm, consuming 105 hp in 24-hr service, is to
be driven by a 125-hp, 1180-rpm, compensator-started motor; C = 43 to 49 in .
Determine the details of a multiple V-belt drive for this installation. The B.F.
Goodrich Company recommended six C195 V-belts with 14.4-in. and 50-in.
sheaves; C ≈ 45.2 in .
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.2 + 0.2 = 1.4 (24 hr/day)
Design hp = N sf (transmitted hp) = (1.4)(125) = 175 hp
Fig. 17.4, 175 hp, 1180 rpm
Dmin = 13 in , D-section
D2 1180 50
= =
D1 340 14.4
use D1 = 14.4 in > 13 in
D2 = 50 in
Page 23 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
πD1n1 π (14.4)(1180 )
vm = = = 4449 fpm
12 12
103 0.09 c vm2 vm
Rated hp = a
− K D − e 106 103
vm d 1
Table 17.3, D-section
a = 18.788 , c = 137.7 , e = 0.0848
D
Table 17.4, 2 = 3.47
D1
K d = 1.14
103
0.09
137.7 (4449) 4449
2
Rated hp = 18.788 − (1.14)(14.4) − (0.0848) 106 103 = 28.294 hp
4449
Page 24 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
B + B 2 − 32(D2 − D1 )
2
C=
16
B = 4 L − 6.28(D2 + D1 ) = 4(197.9) − 6.28(50 + 14.4) = 387.2 in
387.2 + (387.2)2 − 32(50 − 14.4)2
C= = 44.9 in
16
Solution:
Table 17.7, (12 hr/day)
N sf = 1.4 − 0.2 = 1.2
Design hp = (1.2)(1.75)(50) = 105 hp
Fig. 17.4, 105 hp, 1160 rpm
Dmin = 13 in , D-section
D2 1160 46.4
= ≈
D1 330 13.2
use D1 = 13.2 in > 13 in
D2 = 46.4 in
πD n π (13.2)(1160 )
vm = 1 1 = = 4009 fpm
12 12
103 0.09 c vm2 vm
Rated hp = a
− K D − e 106 103
vm d 1
Table 17.3, D-section
a = 18.788 , c = 137.7 , e = 0.0848
D 46.4
Table 17.4, 2 = = 3 .5
D1 13.2
K d = 1.14
103
0.09
137.7 (4009) 4009
2
Rated hp = 18.788 − − (0.0848) = 24.32 hp
4009 (1.14)(13.2) 106 103
Dmin = 9 in
Page 25 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
D2 1160 32
= ≈
D1 330 9.1
use D1 = 9.1 in
πD n π (9.1)(1160 )
vm = 1 1 = = 2764 fpm
12 12
103
0.09
38.819 (2764)2 2764 = 10.96 hp
Rated hp = 8.792 − − (0.0416)
2764 (1.14)(9.1) 106 103
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
( D2 − D1 )
2
4C
B + B 2 − 32(D2 − D1 )
2
C=
16
B = 4 L − 6.28(D2 + D1 ) = 4(160.9) − 6.28(32 + 9.1) = 385.5 in
385.5 + (385.5)2 − 32(32 − 9.1)2
C= = 46.8 in
16
Use 10-C158 belts, D1 = 9.1 in
D2 = 32 in , C = 46.8 in
858. A 200-hp, 600-rpm induction motor is to drive a jaw crusher at 125 rpm; starting
load is heavy; operating with shock; intermittent service; C = 113 to 123 in .
Recommend a multiple V-flat drive for this installation. The B.F. Goodrich
Company recommended eight D480 V-belts with a 26-in. sheave and a 120.175-
in. pulley; C ≈ 116.3 in .
Solution:
Page 26 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.6 − 0.2 = 1.4
hp = (1.4)(200) = 280 hp
Fig. 17.14, 280 hp, 600 rpm
Use Section E
But in Table 17.3, section E is not available, use section D
Dmin = 13
D2 600
= = 4 .8
D1 125
For D1max :
D + D2
min C = 1 + D1
2
D + 4.8 D1
113 = 1 + D1
2
D1 = 28 in
min C = D2
D2 = 113 in
113
D1 = = 23.5 in
4 .8
1
use D1 ≈ (13 + 23.5) = 18 in
2
D2 = (4.8)(18) = 86.4 in
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
(D2 − D1 )2
4C
Page 27 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
K d = 1.14
103
0.09
137.7 (2985)2 2985 = 29.6 hp
Rated hp = 18.788 − − (0.0848)
2985 (1.14)(19) 106 103
Therefore, Fig. 17.14, section D is used.
Adjusted rated hp = Kθ K L (rated hp )
Table 17.5,
D2 − D1 91.2 − 19
= = 0.612
C 118
Kθ = 0.83 (V-flat)
Table 17.6, D420
L = 420.8 in
K L = 1.12
Adjusted rated hp = (0.83)(1.12)(29.6) = 27.52 hp
Design hp 280
No. of belts = = = 10 belts
Adjusted rated hp 27.52
859. A 150-hp, 700-rpm, slip-ring induction motor is to drive a ball mill at 195 rpm;
heavy starting load; intermittent seasonal service; outdoors. Determine all details
for a V-flat drive. The B.F. Goodrich Company recommended eight D270 V-
belts, 17.24-in sheave, 61-in. pully, C ≈ 69.7 in .
Solution:
Table 17.7,
N sf = 1.6 − 0.2 = 1.4
Design hp = (1.4)(150) = 210 hp
Fig. 17.4, 210 hp, 700 rpm
Dmin = 13 in , D-section
103 0.09 c v2 v
Rated hp = a − − e m6 m3
vm K d D1 10 10
d (hp )
For Max. Rated hp, =0
vm
d 3
10
0.91 3
v c vm vm
Rated hp = a m3 − − e
10 K d D1 103 103
v
Let X = m3
10
Page 28 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
c
hp = aX 0.91 − X − eX 3
K d D1
v πD1n1 πD1 (700)
X = m3 = =
10 12 × 103 12 × 103
12 ×103 X
D1 =
700π
700πc
hp = aX 0.91 − 3
− eX 3
12 ×10 K d
d (hp )
= 0.91aX −0.09 − 3eX 2 = 0
d (X )
0.91a
X 2.09 =
3e
Table 17.3, D-section
a = 18.788 , c = 137.7 , e = 0.0848
2.09
v 0.91(18.788)
X 2.09 = m3 =
10 3(0.0848)
vm = 7488 fpm
πD n
vm = 1 1 = 7488
12
πD (700)
vm = 1 = 7488
12
D1 = 40.86 in
max D1 = 40.86 in
1
ave. D1 = (13 + 40.86 ) = 26.93 in
2
use D1 = 22 in
D2 700 79
= ≈
D1 195 22
D1 = 22 in , D2 = 79 in
D + D2 22 + 79
Min. C = 1 + D1 = + 22 = 72.5 in
2 2
Or Min. C = D2 = 79 in
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
(D2 − D1 )2
4C
C=
16
Page 29 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
860. A 30-hp, 1160-rpm, squirrel-cage motor is to be used to drive a fan. During the
summer, the load is 29.3 hp at a fan speed of 280 rpm; during the winter, it is 24
hp at 238 rpm; 44 < C < 50 in .; 20 hr./day operation with no overload. Decide
upon the size and number of V-belts, sheave sizes, and belt length. (Data
courtesy of The Worthington Corporation.)
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.6 + 0.2 = 1.8
Design hp = (1.8)(30) = 54 hp
Speed of fan at 30 hp
30 − 24
n2 = (280 − 238) + 238 = 286 rpm
29.3 − 24
at 54 hp, 1160 rpm. Fig. 17.4
use either section C or section D
Minimum center distance:
C = D2
Page 30 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
D1 + D2
or C = + D1
2
D2 1160
= = 4.056
D1 286
use C = 4.056 D1
44 in < C < 50 in , use C = 47 in
47
D1max = = 11.6 in
4.056
use C-section, Dmin = 9 in
Let D1 = 10 in , D1 = 41 in
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
( D2 − D1 )
2
4C
C=
16
B = 4 L − 6.28(D2 + D1 ) = 4(175.9) − 6.28(41 + 10.1) = 328.7 in
382.7 + (382.7 )2 − 32(41 − 10.1)2
C= = 45.2 in ≈ 44 in
16
C173, satisfies 44 in < C < 50 in
0.91 3
v c vm vm
Rated hp = a m3 − − e
10 K d D1 103 103
πD n π (10.1)(1160)
vm = 1 1 = = 3067 fpm
12 12
Table 17.4
D2
= 4.056 , K d = 1.14
D1
Table 17.3, D-section
a = 8.792 , c = 38.819 , e = 0.0416
103
0.09
38.819 (3067 )2 3067 = 12.838 hp
Rated hp = 8.792 − − (0.0416)
3067 (1.14)(10.1) 106 103
Adjusted rated hp = Kθ K L (rated hp )
Table 17.5,
D2 − D1 41 − 10.1
= = 0.68
C 45.2
Kθ = 0.90
Page 31 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Table 17.6
L = 175.9 , C173
K L = 1.04
Adjusted rated hp = (0.90)(1.04)(12.838) = 12.02 hp
Design hp 54
No. of belts = = = 4.5 belts use 5 belts
Adjusted rated hp 12.02
POWER CHAINS
NOTE: If manufacturer’s catalogs are available, solve these problems from catalogs as
well as from data in the Text.
Solution:
Page 32 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
N + N 2 ( N 2 − N1 )
2
(b) L ≈ 2C + 1 + pitches
2 40C
24
C= = 64
3
8
N1 = 21
N 2 = 42
21 + 42 (42 − 21)
2
L = 2(64) + + = 159.67 pitches ≈ 160 pitches
2 40(64 )
Amount of slack
1
(
h = 0.433 S 2 − L2 )
2
L = C = 24 in
Page 33 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
(160−159.67) 3 in
S = 24 in + 8 = 24.062 in
2
1
[
h = 0.433 (24.062) − (24)
2
]
2 2
= 0.75 in =
3
4
in
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.2 − 0.2 = 1.0 (8 hr/day)
design hp = 1.0(2) = 2.0 hp
1750
n1 = = 50 rpm
35
n2 = 12 rpm
Minimum number of teeth = 12
Page 34 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Use N1 = 12
[Link Plate Fatigue]
hp = 0.004 N ts1.08 n 0.9 P 3−0.07 P
hp 2 .0
P 3− 0.07 P ≈ P 3 = = = 1 .0
0.004(12 ) (50 )
1.08 0.9 1.08 0.9
0.004 N ts n
Use Chain No. 80, P = 1.0 in
To check for roller-bushing fatigue
1.5
100 N ts 0.8
hp = K r P
n
K r = 29
1.5
100(12 )
hp = 17 (1)0.8 = 2747 hp > 2 hp
1000
(a) N1 = 12
n 50
N 2 = 1 N1 = (12) = 50 teeth
n2 12
D
C = D2 + 1
2
PN1 (1.0 )(12 )
D1 ≈ = = 3.82 in
π π
D2 ≈
PN1
=
(1.0)(50) = 15.92 in
π π
3.82
C ≈ 15.92 + = 17.83 in
2
use C = 18 in
C = 18 pitches
chain pitch = 1.0 in, Chain No. 80
N1 + N 2 ( N 2 − N1 )
2
(b) L ≈ 2C + +
2 40C
12 + 59 (50 − 12)
2
L ≈ 2(18) + + = 69 pitches
2 40(18)
use L = 70 pitches
Page 35 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
J = 0.125 in
PN ts n1 (1)(12 )(50 )
vm = = = 50 fpm
12 12
3
A = C (E + 2 J ) = 0.141 + 2(0.05) = 0.04054 in 2
16
FV
= 60 hp
33,000
33,000(2 )
F= = 1320 lb
50
F 1320
pb = = = 4835 psi
C (E + 2 J ) 5
0.312 + 2(0.125)
8
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.2
design hp = 1.2(5) = 6 hp
D2 500
= =2
D1 250
D
C = D2 + 1
2
D
16 = 2 D1 + 1
2
D1 = 6.4 in
D2 = 2 D1 = 2(6.4) = 12.8 in
πD n π (6.4)(500)
vm = 1 1 = = 838 fpm
12 12
Page 36 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
1.08
20.11
(500 ) P
0.9 3− 0.07 P
hp = 0.004
P
6 = 27.47 P1.92−0.07 P
P = 0.45 in
1
use P = in , Chain No. 40
2
πD1 π (6.4)
N1 ≈ = = 40
P 1
2
N 2 = 2 N1 = 80
1
Size of sprocket, N1 = 40 , N 2 = 80 , P = in .
2
(b) C = 16 in
16 in
C= = 32 pitches
1
in
2
N1 + N 2 ( N 2 − N1 )
2
L ≈ 2C + +
2 40C
40 + 80 (80 − 40)
2
L ≈ 2(32) + + = 125.25 pitches
2 40(32)
use L = 126 pitches
864. A roller chain is to transmit 20 hp from a split-phase motor, turning 570 rpm, to a
reciprocating pump, turning at 200 rpm; 24 hr./day service. (a) Decide upon the
tooth numbers for the sprockets, the pitch and width of chain, and center
distance. Consider both single and multiple strands. Compute (b) the chain
length, (c) the bearing pressure between the roller and pin, (d) the factor of safety
against fatigue failure (Table 17.8), with the chain pull as the force on the chain.
(e) If a catalog is available, design also an inverted-tooth chain drive.
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.4 + 0.2 (24 hr/day)
design hp = 1.6(20) = 32 hp
n 570
(a) 1 = = 2.85
n2 200
Page 37 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
D2 n1
≈ = 2.85
D1 n2
Considering single strand
hp = 0.004 N ts1.08 n 0.9 P 3−0.07 P
min N ts = 17
hp = 32 = 0.004(17 ) (570)0.9 P 3−0.07 P
1.08
P 3− 0.07 P = 1.24
P = 1.07 in
use P = 1.0 in
3− 0.07 (1)
hp = 32 = 0.004( N1 ) (570 ) (1)
1.08 0.9
N1 = 21
570
N2 = (21) = 60
200
5
Roller width = in
8
D
C = D2 + 1
2
PN1 (1)(21)
D1 ≈ = = 6.685 in
π π
D2 ≈
PN 2
=
(1)(60) = 19.10 in
π π
6.685
C = 19.10 + = 22.44 in
2
Use C = 23 in
23
C= pitches
1
Considering multiple strands
1
Assume, P = in
2
1.08 0.9 3− 0.07 P
hp = 0.004 N ts n P
hp = 0.004(21)
1.08
(570)0.9 (0.5)3−0.07 (0.5) = 4.148 hp
32 hp
No. of strands = = 7 .7
4.148 hp
Use 8 strands
Page 38 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
21 + 60 (60 − 21)
2
L ≈ 2(23) + + = 88.15 pitches
2 40(23)
use L = 88 pitches
Fu
(d) Factor of Safety = , based on fatigue
4F
865. A 5/8-in. roller chain is used on a hoist to lift a 500-lb. load through 14 ft. in 24
sec. at constant velocity. If the load on the chain is doubled during the speed-up
period, compute the factor of safety (a) based on the chain’s ultimate strength, (b)
based on its fatigue strength. (c) At the given speed, what is the chain’s rated
capacity ( N s = 20 teeth ) in hp? Compare with the power needed at the constant
speed. Does it look as though the drive will have a “long” life?
Solution:
Table 17.8
5
P = in
8
Fu = 6100 lb
Page 39 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Fu
(a) Factor of Safety =
F
F = (500)(2 ) = 1000 lb
6100
Factor of Safety = = 6 .1
1000
F
(b) Factor of Safety = u (fatigue)
4F
6100
Factor of Safety = = 1.5
4(1000)
14 ft 60 sec
(c) vm = = 35 fpm
24 sec 1 min
N s = 20
5
P = in
8
Rated hp = 0.004 N ts1.08 n 0.9 P 3−0.07 P [Link Plate Fatigue]
5
(20)n
PN s n 8
vm = = = 35 fpm
12 12
n = 33.6 rpm
5
3− 0.07
0.9 5 8
Rated hp = 0.004(20) (33.6 )
1.08
= 0.6 hp
8
Hp needed at constant speed
hp =
Fvm
=
(500)(35) = 0.53 hp < 0.6 hp
33,000 33,000
Therefore safe for “long” life.
WIRE ROPES
866. In a coal-mine hoist, the weight of the cage and load is 20 kips; the shaft is 400
ft. deep. The cage is accelerated from rest to 1600 fpm in 6 sec. A single 6 x 19,
IPS, 1 ¾-in. rope is used, wound on an 8-ft. drum. (a) Include the inertia force
but take the static view and compute the factor of safety with and without
allowances for the bending load. (b) If N = 1.35 , based on fatigue, what is the
expected life? (c) Let the cage be at the bottom of the shaft and ignore the effect
of the rope’s weight. A load of 14 kips is gradually applied on the 6-kip cage.
How much is the deflection of the cable due to the load and the additional energy
absorbed? (d) For educational purposes and for a load of 0.2 Fu , compute the
energy that this 400-ft rope can absorb and compare it with that for a 400-ft., 1
¾-in., as-rolled-1045 steel rod. Omit the weights of the rope and rod. What is the
energy per pound of material in each case?
Page 40 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Solution:
(a)
1 min
(1600 fpm )
v2 − v1 60 sec = 4.445 fps 2
a= =
t 6 sec
Wh = 20 kips
For 6 x 19 IPS,
w ≈ 1.6 Dr2 lb ft
400
wL = 1.6 Dr2 2
kips = 0.64 Dr kips
1000
Ft − wL − Wh = ma
20 + 0.64 Dr2
m=
32.2
20 + 0.64 Dr2
Ft − 0.64 Dr2 − 20 = (4.445)
32.2
2
Ft = 22.76 + 0.73Dr
3
Dr = 1 in
4
2
3
Ft = 22.76 + 0.731 = 25 kips
4
F − Fb
N= u
Ft
Table AT 28, IPS
Fu ≈ 42 Dr2 tons
Fu = 42(1.75) = 129 tons = 258 kips
2
Page 41 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
EAm Dw
Fb =
Ds
Table At 28, 6 x 19 Wire Rope
Dw = 0.067 Dr = 0.067(1.75) = 0.11725 in
Ds = 8 ft = 96 in
E = 30,000 ksi
Am ≈ 0.4 Dr2
Am = 0.4(1.75) = 1.225 sq in
2
Fb =
(30,000)(1.225)(0.11725) = 45 kips
(96)
F − Fb 258 − 45
N= u = = 8.52
Ft 25
without bending load
F 258
N= u = = 10.32
Ft 25
FL
(c) δ =
Am Er
Am = 1.225 sq in
Er ≈ 12,000 ksi (6 x 19 IPS)
F = 14 kips
L = 400 ft = 4800 in
δ=
(14)(4800) = 4.57 in
(1.225)(12,000)
1 1
U = Fδ = (14 )(4.57 ) = 32 in − kips
2 2
Page 42 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
FL
δ=
Am Er
δ=
(51.6)(4800) = 16.85 in
(1.225)(12,000)
1 1
U = Fδ = (51.6 )(16.85) = 434 in − kips
2 2
For 1 ¾ in, as-rolled 1045 steel rod
su = 96 ksi
π
Fu = su A = (96 ) (1.75) = 230.9 kips
2
4
F = 0.2 Fu = 0.2(230.9) = 46.2 kips
FL
δ=
AE
δ=
(46.2)(4800 ) = 3.073 in
π
(1.75) (30,000 )
2
4
1 1
U = Fδ = (46.2 )(3.073) = 71 in − kips < U of wire rope.
2 2
868. A hoist in a copper mine lifts ore a maximum of 2000 ft. The weight of car, cage,
and ore per trip is 10 kips, accelerated in 6 sec. to 2000 fpm; drum diameter is 6
ft. Use a 6 x 19 plow-steel rope. Determine the size (a) for a life of 200,000
cycles and N = 1.3 on the basis of fatigue, (b) for N = 5 by equation (v), §17.25,
Text. (c) What is the expected life of the rope found in (b) for N = 1.3 on the
basis of fatigue? (d) If a loaded car weighing 7 kips can be moved gradually onto
the freely hanging cage, how much would the rope stretch? (e) What total energy
is stored in the rope with full load at the bottom of te shaft? Neglect the rope’s
weight for this calculation. (f) Compute the pressure of the rope on the cast-iron
drum. Is it reasonable?
Solution:
1 min
(2000 fpm )
a=
v2 − v1
= 60 sec = 5.56 fps 2
t 6 sec
Page 43 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
For 6 x 19 IPS,
w ≈ 1.6 Dr2 lb ft
2000
wL = 1.6 Dr2 2
kips = 3.2 Dr kips
1000
Wh = 10 kips
wL + Wh
Ft − wL − Wh = a
32.2
a 5.56
Ft = + 1(wL + Wh ) = ( ) (
+ 1 3.2 Dr2 + 10 = 1.17267 3.2 Dr2 + 10 )
32 . 2 32 . 2
2 NFt
(a) Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Fig. 17.30, 200,000 cycles, 6 x 19
p su = 0.0028
PS: su ≈ 225 ksi
Ds = 6 ft = 72 in
N = 1 .3
Dr (72) =
(
2(1.3)(1.17267 ) 3.2 Dr2 + 10 )
(0.0028)(225)
45.36 Dr = 9.7566 Dr2 + 30.49
Dr2 − 4.64916 Dr + 3.1251 = 0
Dr = 0.815 in
7
say Dr = in
8
sb =
(30,000)(0.067 Dr ) = 27.92 D
r
72
Fb = sb Am
Am = 0.4 Dr2
Fb = (27.92 Dr )(0.4 Dr2 ) = 11.17 Dr3
Fu = 36 Dr2 tons for PS
Fu = 72 Dr2 kips
Fu − Fb = NFt
Page 44 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
(d) F = 7 kips
Er = 12,000 ksi
L = 2000 ft = 24,000 in
7
For (a) Dr = in
8
FL
δ=
Am Er
2
7
Am ≈ 0.4 Dr3 = 0.4 = 0.30625 sq in
8
δ=
(7 )(24,000) = 45.7 in
(0.30625)(12,000)
1
For (b) Dr = 1 in
4
FL
δ=
Am Er
2
3 1
Am ≈ 0.4 D = 0.41 = 0.625 sq in
r
4
δ=
(7 )(24,000) = 22.4 in
(0.625)(12,000)
1 1
(e) For (a) U = Fδ = (7 )(45.7 ) = 160 in − kips
2 2
1 1
For (b) U = Fδ = (7 )(22.4 ) = 78.4 in − kips
2 2
(f) Limiting pressure, cast-iron sheaves, 6 x19, p = 500 psi .
Page 45 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
869. For a mine hoist, the cage weighs 5900 lb., the cars 2100 lb., and the load of coal
in the car 2800 lb.; one car loaded loaded at a time on the hoist. The drum
diameter is 5 ft., the maximum depth is 1500 ft. It takes 6 sec. to accelerate the
loaded cage to 3285 fpm. Decide on a grade of wire and the kind and size of rope
on the basis of (a) a life of 2× 105 cycles and N = 1.3 against fatigue failure, (b)
static consideration (but not omitting inertia effect) and N = 5 . (c) Make a final
recommendation. (d) If the loaded car can be moved gradually onto the freely
hanging cage, how much would the rope stretch? (e) What total energy has the
rope absorbed, fully loaded at the bottom of the shaft? Neglect the rope’s weight
for this calculation. (f) Compute the pressure of the rope on the cast-iron drum. Is
it all right?
Solution:
Page 46 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Ds = 5 ft = 60 in
Ds ≈ 45 Dr
60
Dr max = = 1.33 in
45
1
use Dr = 1 in
4
2
1
Ft = 3.081 + 13.86 = 18.67 kips
4
2(1.3)(18.67 )
su = = 231 ksi
1
(0.0028)1 (60 )
4
1
Use Plow Steel, 6 x 19 Wire Rope, Dr = 1 in .
4
Fu − Fb
(b) N =
Ft
EDw
sb =
Ds
1
Dw = 0.067 Dr = 0.0671 = 0.08375 in
4
Ds = 60 in
E = 30,000 ksi
sb =
(30,000)(0.08375) = 41.875 ksi
60
2
1
Am = 0.4 D = 0.41 = 0.625 in 2
2
r
4
Fb = sb Am = (41.875)(0.625) = 26.17 kips
N =5
Fu = NFt + Fb = (5)(18.67 ) + 26.17 = 119.52 kips = 59.76 tons
Fu 59.76
= = 38.25
Dr 1 2
2
1
4
Table AT 28,
Fu
Use IPS, 6 x 19, = 42 > 38.25
Dr2
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SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
(c) Recommendation:
1
6 x 19, improved plow steel, Dr = 1 in
4
FL
(d) δ =
Am Er
F = 2100 + 2800 = 4900 lb
Er ≈ 12× 106 psi
L = 1500 ft = 18,000 in
δ=
(4900)(18,000) = 11.76 in
(0.625)(12 ×106 )
1 1
(e) U = Fδ = (4900 )(11.76 ) = 28,800 in − lb
2 2
(f) p su = 0.0028
su = 231 ksi
p = 0.0028(231,000) = 646.8 psi
For cast-iron sheave, limiting pressure is 500 psi
p = 646.8 psi > 500 psi , not al right.
870. The wire rope of a hoist with a short lift handles a total maximum load of 14 kips
each trip. It is estimated that the maximum number of trips per week will be
1000. The rope is 6 x 37, IPS, 1 3/8 in. in diameter, with steel core. (a) On the
basis of N = 1 for fatigue, what size drum should be used for a 6-yr. life? (n)
Because of space limitations, the actual size used was a 2.5-ft. drum. What is the
factor of safety on a static basis? What life can be expected ( N = 1 )?
Solution:
(a)
365 days 1 wk 1000 trips
No. of cycles = (6 yr ) = 312,857 cycles ≈ 3 × 105 cycles
1 yr 7 days 1 wk
Figure 17.30, 6 x 37, IPS
p su = 0.00225
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
For IPS, su ≈ 260 ksi
Ft = 14 kips
N = 1 .0
Dr = 1.375 in
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Page 48 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
2(1.0)(14)
(1.375)Ds =
(0.00225)(260)
Ds = 34.8 in
(b) Ds = 2 ft = 30 in
Static Basis
F − Fb
N= u
Ft
Table AT 28, 6 x 37
Dw ≈ 0.048Dr = 0.048(1.375) = 0.066 in
Am ≈ 0.4 Dr2 = 0.4(1.375) = 0.75625 in 2
2
871. A wire rope passes about a driving sheave making an angle of contact of 540o, as
shown. A counterweight of 3220 lb. is suspended from one side and the
acceleration is 4 fps2. (a) If f = 0.1 , what load may be noised without slipping on
the rope? (b) If the sheave is rubber lined and the rope is dry, what load may be
raised without slipping? (c) Neglecting the stress caused by bending about the
sheave, find the size of 6 x 19 MPS rope required for N = 6 and for the load
found in (a). (d) Compute the diameter of the sheave for indefinite life with say
N = 1.1 on fatigue. What changes could be made in the solution to allow the use
of a smaller sheave?
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SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
(c) Ft = F1 = 7237 lb
F − (Fb ≈ 0 ) Fu
N= u =
Ft Ft
Fu ≈ 32 Dr2 tons for MPS
Fu ≈ 64 Dr2 kips
Fu = 64,000 Dr2 lb
Fu = NFt
64,000 Dr2 = (6)(7237 )
Dr = 0.824 in
use Dr = 0.875 in
Page 50 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
2 NFt
(d) Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Indefinite life, p su = 0.0015
MPS: su ≈ 195 ksi = 195,000 psi
(0.875)Ds = 2(1.1)(7237 )
(0.0015)(195,000)
Ds = 62.2 in
To reduce the size of sheave, increase the size of rope.
872. A traction elevator with a total weight of 8 kips has an acceleration of 3 fps2; the
6 cables pass over the upper sheave twice, the lower one once, as shown..
Compute the minimum weight of counterweight to prevent slipping on the
driving sheave if it is (a) iron with a greasy rope, (b) iron with a dry rope, (c)
rubber lined with a greasy rope. (d) Using MPS and the combination in (a),
decide upon a rope and sheave size that will have indefinite life ( N = 1 will do).
(e) Compute the factor of safety defined in the Text. (f) If it were decided that
5× 105 bending cycles would be enough life, would there be a significant
difference in the results?
Solution:
3 fps 2
F1 = (8 kips )1 + = 8.745 kips
2
32.2 fps
θ = 3(180o ) = 3π
F
F2 = f1θ
e
Wc = weight of counterweight
F2
Wc = = 1.10274 F2
3
1−
32.2
1.10274 F1
Wc =
e fθ
(a) Iron sheave, greasy rope, f = 0.07
1.10274(8.745)
Wc = = 4.986 kips
e (0.07 )(3π )
(b) Iron sheave, dry rope, f = 0.12
1.10274(8.745)
Wc = = 3.112 kips
e (0.12 )(3π )
(c) Rubber lined with a greasy rope, f = 0.205
1.10274(8.745)
Wc = = 1.397 kips
e (0.205 )(3π )
Page 51 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
2 NFt
(d) Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Indefinite life, p su = 0.0015
Ft = F1 = 8.745 kips total
8.745
Ft = = 1.458 kips each rope
6
Ft = 1458 lbs
N =1
Table AT 28, 6 x 19
Ds ≈ 45 Dr
2(1)(1458)
Dr (45Dr ) =
(0.0015)(195,000)
Dr = 0.47 in
1
Use Dr = in = 0.5 in
2
Fu − Fb
(e) N =
Ft
Table AT 28, MPS
Fu = 32 Dr2 tons = 64,000 Dr2 lb = 64,000(0.5) lb = 16,000 lb
2
EDw Am
Fb =
Ds
E = 30× 106 psi
6 x 19, Dw = 0.067 Dr
Ds ≈ 45 Dr
Am = 0.4 Dr2 = 0.4(0.5) = 0.1 sq. in.
2
Fb =
(30 ×10 )(0.067 )(0.1) = 4467 lb
6
45
16,000 − 4467
N= = 7.91
1458
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SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
2(1)(1458)
Dr (45Dr ) =
(0.0017)(195,000)
Dr = 0.44 in
since Dr = 0.44 in ≈ 0.47 in as in (d), therefore, no significant difference will result.
873. A 5000-lb. elevator with a traction drive is supported by a 6 wire ropes, each
passing over the driving sheave twice, the idler once, as shown. Maximum values
are 4500-lb load, 4 fps2 acceleration during stopping. The brake is applied to a
drum on the motor shaft, so that the entire decelerating force comes on the
cables, whose maximum length will be 120 ft. (a) Using the desirable Ds in
terms of Dr , decide on the diameter and type of wire rope. (b) For this rope and
N = 1.05 , compute the sheave diameter that would be needed for indefinite life.
(c) Compute the factor of safety defined in the Text for the result in (b). (d)
Determine the minimum counterweight to prevent slipping with a dry rope on an
iron sheave. (e) Compute the probable life of the rope on the sheave found in (a)
and recommend a final choice.
Solution:
(a)
Ft = 4500 lb
Wh = 5000 lb
W + wL
Wh + wL − Ft = h a
32.2
assume 6 x 19
w = 1.6 Dr2 lb ft
wL = (1.6 Dr2 )(120) = 192 Dr2 per rope
wL = 6(192 Dr2 ) = 1152 Dr2
5000 + 1152 Dr2
5000 + 1152 D − 4500 =
2
r
(4)
32 .2
2 2
1152 Dr + 500 = 621.12 + 143.11Dr
Dr = 0.3465 in
3
say Dr = 0.375 in = in
8
Page 53 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
3 7
Ds ≈ 45 Dr = 45 = 16 in
8 8
3
Six – 6 x 19 rope, Dr = in
8
3
(a) Dr = 0.375 in = in
8
4500
Ft = = 750 lb
6
N = 1.05
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
assume IPS, su = 260 ksi = 260,000 psi
Indefinite life, p su = 0.0015
(0.375)Ds = 2(1.05)(750)
(0.0015)(260,000)
Ds = 10.77 in
Fu − Fb
(c) N =
Ft
Ft = 750 lb
IPS
2
2 2 3
Fu ≈ 42 D tons = 84,000 D lb = 84,000 lb = 11,813 lb
r r
8
EDw Am
Fb =
Ds
6 x 19,
Ds = 10.77 in as in (b)
3
Dw = 0.067 Dr = 0.067 = 0.025 in
8
2
23
Am = 0.4 D = 0.4 = 0.05625 sq. in.
r
8
6
E = 30× 10 psi
Fb =
(30 ×10 )(0.025)(0.05625) = 3917 lb
6
10.77
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SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
11,813 − 3917
N= = 10.53
750
(c) F1 = Ft = 4500 lb
F1 = F2 e fθ
For iron sheave, dry rope, f = 0.12
θ = 540o = 3π
F1 4500
F2 = fθ
= (0.12 )(3π ) = 1452 lb
e e
a
CW 1 + = F2
32.2
4
CW 1 + = 1452
32.2
CW = 1291 lb
874. A traction elevator has a maximum deceleration of 5 fps2 when being braked on
the downward motion with a total load of 10 kips. There are 5 cables that pass
twice over the driving sheave. The counterweight weighs 8 kips. (a) Compute the
minimum coefficient of friction needed between ropes and sheaves for no
slipping. Is a special sheave surface needed? (b) What size 6 x 19 mild-plow-
steel rope should be used for N = 4 , including the bending effect? (Static
approach.) (c) What is the estimated life of these ropes ( N = 1 )?
Solution:
a = 8.05 fps 2
(a) F1 = 10 kips
8.05
F2 = (8 kips )1 − = 6 kips
32.2
θ = 3π
F1
= e fθ
F2
Page 55 of 56
SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
10
= e f (3π )
6
f = 0.0542
Fb =
(30 ×10 )(0.067 D )(0.4 D ) = 17.87 D
6
r
2
r 2
kips
r
45Dr
Fu ≈ 32 Dr2 tons = 64 Dr2 kips
64 Dr2 − 17.87 Dr2
N =4=
2
Dr = 0.4164 in
7
use Dr = in
16
7
(c) Ds ≈ 45 Dr = 45 = 20 in
16
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Ft = 2 kips each rope
MPS, su = 195 ksi
N = 1 .0
7 2(1.0)(2)
(20) =
16 ( p su )(195)
p su = 0.0023
Expected life, Figure 17.30, 3 x 105 bending cycles.
- end -
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