Contact Lens PDF

M Adil Khan Reg # 70103637
Assignment Contact Lens Material
Mam Asma Batool.
Contact lens:
A thin plastic lens placed directly on the surface of the eye to correct visual defects.
A contact lens is a thin, curved lens placed on the film of tears that covers the surface of your eye. The
lens itself is naturally clear, but is often given the slightest tinge of color to make them easier for
wearers to handle. Today's contact lenses are either hard or soft.
Contact lenses are an excellent choice for nearly anyone who needs vision correction and doesn't want
to wear eyeglasses full time or undergo LASIK surgery.
Contact Lens Materials
The first choice when considering contact lenses is which lens material will best satisfy your needs.
There are five types of contact lenses, based on type of lens material they are made of:
Soft contact lense

It is made of soft, flexible plastics that allow oxygen to pass through to the cornea. Soft contact lenses
may be easier to adjust to and are more comfortable than rigid gas permeable lenses. Soft lenses are
made of soft, very flexible plastics that absorb water (up to 90% of the lens weight).
Many people find them more comfortable to wear than hard lenses, but hard lenses usually provide
sharper vision. Soft lenses are more fragile than hard lenses and require more intensive cleaning. Soft
lenses that can correct astigmatism are called toric lenses.
It is made from gel-like, water-containing plastics called hydrogels(Hydrophilic). These lenses are very
thin and pliable and conform to the front surface of the eye. Introduced in the early 1970s, hydrogel
lenses made contact lens wear much more popular because they typically are immediately comfortable.
Silicone hydrogel lenses
It is an advanced type of soft contact lenses that are more porous than regular hydrogel lenses and
allow even more oxygen to reach the cornea.Silicone - the component used in silicone hydrogel lenses -
is the name attributed to gel-like plastic materials which contain silicon as well as oxygen, carbon and
other elements. The flexible properties of silicone make it ideal for use with soft contact lenses, as well
as other medical products such as implants and tubing. Although it is soft, it can also be used in
producing rigid gas permeable lenses, helping to improve oxygen permeability of these lenses.
Rigid Gas permeable lenses

It is also called GP or RGP lenses — are rigid contact lenses (Hydrophobic) that look and feel like PMMA
lenses (see below) but are porous and allow oxygen to pass through them. Because they are permeable
to oxygen, GP lenses can be fit closer to the eye than PMMA lenses, making them more comfortable
than conventional hard lenses.
Since their introduction in 1978, gas permeable contact lenses have essentially replaced nonporous
PMMA contact lenses. GP contacts often provide sharper vision than soft and silicone hydrogel contacts
— especially if you have astigmatism. It usually takes some time for your eyes to adjust to gas
permeable lenses when you first start wearing them, but after this initial adaptation period, most
people find GP lenses are as comfortable as hydrogel lenses.
Hybrid contact lenses
Hybrid contact lenses are great for most patients with corneal astigmatism. There are many types of
Hybrids available, including Multifocals. The special characteristics of a hybrid contact lens are that they
have the rigid gas permeable lens (GP) to correct the astigmatism, but it is surrounded by a skirt of a soft
lens. This provides the clear vision of a GP lens, along with the comfort of a soft contact lens!
Are designed to provide wearing comfort that rivals soft or silicone hydrogel lenses, combined with the
crystal-clear optics of gas permeable lenses. Hybrid lenses have a rigid gas permeable central zone,
surrounded by a "skirt" of hydrogel or silicone hydrogel material. Despite these features, perhaps
because these lenses are more difficult to fit and are more expensive to replace than soft and silicone
hydrogel lenses.
PMMA lenses
are made from a transparent rigid plastic material called polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), which also is
used as a substitute for glass in shatterproof windows and is sold under the trademarks Lucite, Perspex
and Plexiglas. PMMA lenses have excellent optics, but they do not transmit oxygen to the eye and can
be difficult to adapt.
It does not mold to the shape of the eye. They are inexpensive and durable, but they are the least
comfortable type of contact lens. Because they reduce the amount of oxygen that reaches the cornea,
people who wear them are at risk of overwearing syndrome and other problems.
Wearing period of Lenses:
Daily-wear lenses.
Daily-wear soft lenses are removed and cleaned at night and reinserted in the morning. They provide
sharp vision but do not correct astigmatism as well as hard lenses do. They take less time to get used to
than hard lenses, but they are less durable.
Extended-wear lenses.
Extended-wear lenses can be worn day and night. After several days, you take them out, clean them,
and wear them again. But some people's eyes become irritated if the contacts are not routinely
removed and cleaned. Extended use may be uncomfortable and increases the risk of damaging the eye.
Even though the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some of these lenses for 30-day
use, many eye doctors recommended that people remove them every day.
Disposable lenses.
Disposable soft lenses were designed to be worn for up to several weeks and then discarded. Many new
contact lens wearers now choose disposable lenses. Disposable lenses were introduced because it was
thought that replacing lenses more often would reduce the risks of infection of the cornea (infectious or
bacterial keratitis), a dangerous complication of soft lenses. But later studies have shown that people
who wear disposable lenses, especially the extended-wear kind, may have a higher risk of keratitis.

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M Adil Khan Reg # 70103637

Assignment Contact Lens Material

Mam Asma Batool.

Soft contact lense

Rigid Gas permeable lenses

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