489 Genator Management Relay PDF
489 Genator Management Relay PDF
Digital Energy
GE Digital Energy
650 Markland Street
Markham, Ontario
Canada L6C 0M1
Tel: +1 905 927 7070 Fax: +1 905 927 5098
Internet: http://www.gedigitalenergy.com
*1601-0150-AK*
© 2013 GE Multilin Incorporated. All rights reserved.
GE Multilin 489 Generator Management Relay instruction manual for revision 4.0x.
489 Generator Management Relay, is a registered trademark of GE Multilin Inc.
The contents of this manual are the property of GE Multilin Inc. This documentation is
furnished on license and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the permission
of GE Multilin. The content of this manual is for informational use only and is subject to
change without notice.
Part numbers contained in this manual are subject to change without notice, and should
therefore be verified by GE Multilin before ordering.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
Note
injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious
Note
injury.
moderate injury.
Table of Contents
1: GETTING STARTED IMPORTANT PROCEDURES .......................................................................................................... 1-1
CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS ............................................................................................... 1-1
INSPECTION CHECKLIST ...................................................................................................... 1-1
MANUAL ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................... 1-2
USING THE RELAY ............................................................................................................................ 1-3
MENU NAVIGATION ............................................................................................................. 1-3
PANEL KEYING EXAMPLE .................................................................................................... 1-7
CHANGING SETPOINTS ................................................................................................................. 1-9
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1-9
THE HELP KEY .................................................................................................................... 1-10
NUMERICAL SETPOINTS ...................................................................................................... 1-10
ENUMERATION SETPOINTS ................................................................................................. 1-11
OUTPUT RELAY SETPOINTS ................................................................................................ 1-14
TEXT SETPOINTS .................................................................................................................. 1-15
INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................... 1-16
PLACING THE RELAY IN SERVICE ....................................................................................... 1-16
TESTING ................................................................................................................................ 1-16
Getting Started
Before attempting to install or use the relay, it is imperative that all WARNINGS and
Note
CAUTIONS in this manual are reviewed to help prevent personal injury, equipment
damage, and/or downtime.
Note
If there is any noticeable physical damage, or any of the contents listed are missing,
Note
This ‘path representation’ illustrates the location of an specific actual value or setpoint with
regards to its previous menus and sub-menus. In the example above, the TOTAL NUMBER
OF TRIPS actual value is shown to be an item in the TRIP COUNTERS sub-menu, which itself
is an item in the A4 MAINTENANCE menu, which is an item of ACTUAL VALUES.
Sub-menu levels are entered by pressing the MESSAGE or ENTER key. When inside a
submenu, the MESSAGE or ESCAPE key returns to the previous sub-menu. The
MESSAGE and MESSAGE keys are used to scroll through the settings in a sub-menu.
The display indicates which keys can be used at any given point.
b. RTD learned data, which includes the maximum temperature measured by each
of the twelve (12) RTDs.
c. Minimum and maximum values of analog inputs.
4. Maintenance data. This is useful statistical information that may be used for
preventive maintenance. It includes:
a. Trip counters
SETPOINTS []
To access setpoints,
press the MENU key until the display shows the header of the
setpoints menu.
Press the MESSAGE or ENTER key to display the header for the
first setpoints page.
The setpoint pages are numbered, have an ‘S’ prefix for easy
identification and have a name which provides a general idea of the
settings available in that page.
Press the MESSAGE and MESSAGE keys to scroll through all the
available setpoint page headers.
Setpoint page headers look as follows:
SETPOINTS []
S1 489 SETUP
Press the MENU key until the display shows the header of the actual
values menu.
Press the MESSAGE or ENTER key to display the header for the
first actual values page.
The actual values pages are numbered, have an ‘A’ prefix for easy
identification and have a name, which gives a general idea of the
information available in that page.
Press the MESSAGE or MESSAGE keys to scroll through all the
available actual values page headers.
Actual values page headers look as follows:
ACTUAL VALUES []
A1 STATUS
Pressing the MESSAGE or MESSAGE keys will scroll the display up and down
through the sub-page headers. Pressing the MESSAGE or ESCAPE key at any sub-
page heading will return the display to the heading of the corresponding setpoint or
actual value page, and pressing it again, will return the display to the main menu
header.
Press the MESSAGE key until the DEMAND METERING sub-page
heading appears.
DEMAND []
METERING
At this point, pressing MESSAGE or ENTER key will display the messages under this
sub-page. If instead you press the MESSAGE key, it will return to the previous sub-
page heading. In this case,
TEMPERATURE []
When the symbols and [] appear on the top line, it indicates that additional sub-
pages are available and can be accessed by pressing the MESSAGE or ENTER key.
Press the MESSAGE or ENTER while at the Demand Metering sub-
page heading to display the following:
CURRENT
DEMAND: 0 Amps
Press MESSAGE or the ENTER key, and then MESSAGE key until
the A4 MAINTENANCE message is displayed.
ACTUAL VALUES []
A4 MAINTENANCE
TOTAL NUMBER OF
TRIPS: 0
Press the MESSAGE key to display the next actual value message
as shown below:
DIGITAL INPUT
TRIPS: 0
Press the menu key until the relay displays the actual values page.
1.3.1 Introduction
There are several classes of setpoints, each distinguished by the way their values are
displayed and edited.
The relay's menu is arranged in a tree structure. Each setting in the menu is referred to as a
setpoint, and each setpoint in the menu may be accessed as described in the previous
section.
The settings are arranged in pages with each page containing related settings; for
example, all the Phase Overcurrent settings are contained within the same page. As
previously explained, the top menu page of each setting group describes the settings
contained within that page. Pressing the MESSAGE keys allows the user to move between
these top menus.
All of the 489 settings fall into one of following categories: device settings, system settings,
digital input settings, output relay settings, current element settings, voltage element
settings, power element settings, RTD temperature settings, thermal model settings,
monitoring settings, analog input/output settings, and testing settings.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Settings are stored and used by the relay immediately after they are
Note
entered. As such, caution must be exercised when entering settings while the relay is in
NOTE
service. Modifying or storing protection settings is not recommended when the relay is
in service since any incompatibility or lack of coordination with other previously saved
settings may cause unwanted operations.
Now that we have become more familiar with maneuvering through messages, we can
learn how to edit the values used by all setpoint classes.
Hardware and passcode security features are designed to provide protection against
unauthorized setpoint changes. Since we will be programming new setpoints using the
front panel keys, a hardware jumper must be installed across the setpoint access terminals
(C1 and C2) on the back of the relay case. Attempts to enter a new setpoint without this
electrical connection will result in an error message.
The jumper does not restrict setpoint access via serial communications. The relay has a
programmable passcode setpoint, which may be used to disallow setpoint changes from
both the front panel and the serial communications ports. This passcode consists of up to
eight (8) alphanumeric characters.
The factory default passcode is “0”. When this specific value is programmed into the relay it
has the effect of removing all setpoint modification restrictions. Therefore, only the
setpoint access jumper can be used to restrict setpoint access via the front panel and
there are no restrictions via the communications ports.
When the passcode is programmed to any other value, setpoint access is restricted for the
front panel and all communications ports. Access is not permitted until the passcode is
entered via the keypad or is programmed into a specific register (via communications).
Note that enabling setpoint access on one interface does not automatically enable access
for any of the other interfaces (i.e., the passcode must be explicitly set in the relay via the
interface from which access is desired).
A front panel command can disable setpoint access once all modifications are complete.
For the communications ports, writing an invalid passcode into the register previously
used to enable setpoint access disables access. In addition, setpoint access is
automatically disabled on an interface if no activity is detected for thirty minutes.
The EnerVista 489 Setup software incorporates a facility for programming the relay
passcode as well as enabling and disabling setpoint access. For example, when an
attempt is made to modify a setpoint but access is restricted, the software will prompt the
user to enter the passcode and send it to the relay before the setpoint is actually written to
the relay. If a SCADA system is used for relay programming, it is the programmer's
responsibility to incorporate appropriate security for the application.
DEFAULT MESSAGE
TIMEOUT: 300 s
Until the ENTER key is pressed, editing changes are not registered by the relay.
Therefore,
Press the MENU key until the relay displays the setpoints menu
header.
SETPOINTS []
To select the Ground CT type, modify the S2 SYSTEM SETUP CURRENT SENSING GROUND
CT setpoint as shown below.
Press the MENU key until the relay displays the setpoints menu
header.
SETPOINTS []
To set the ground CT ratio, modify the S2 SYSTEM SETUP CURRENT SENSING GROUND
CT RATIO setpoint as shown below.
Press the MENU key until the relay displays the setpoints menu
header.
SETPOINTS []
To set the VT connection type and ratings, modify the S2 SYSTEM SETUP VOLTAGE
SENSING VT CONNECTION TYPE and the S2 SYSTEM SETUP VOLTAGE SENSING
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER RATIO setpoints as shown below.
Press the MENU key until the relay displays the setpoints menu
header.
SETPOINTS []
If an entered setpoint value is out of range, the relay displays a message with the following
format:
OUT-OF-RANGE! ENTER: “1-300:1” indicates the range and “0.01:1” indicates the
1-300:1 by 0.01:1 step value
In this case, 1 is the minimum setpoint value, 300 is the maximum, and 0.01 is the step
value. To have access to information on maximum, minimum, and step value, press the
HELP key.
ASSIGN TRIP
RELAYS (1-4): 1---
The name of this user-defined input will be changed in this example from the generic
“Input A” to something more descriptive.
If an application is to be using the relay as a station monitor, it is more informative to
rename this input “Stn. Monitor”.
Press the decimal [.] key to enter the text editing mode. The first
character will appear underlined as follows:
INPUT NAME:
Input A
Press the VALUE keys until the character “S” is displayed in the first
position.
Press the decimal [.] key to store the character and advance the
cursor to the next position.
Change the second character to a “t” in the same manner.
Continue entering characters in this way until all characters of the
text “Stn. Monitor” are entered.
Note that a space is selected like a character. If a character is
entered incorrectly, press the decimal [.] key repeatedly until the
cursor returns to the position of the error. Re-enter the character as
required.
Once complete, press the ENTER key to remove the solid cursor and
view the result.
Once a character is entered, by pressing the ENTER key, it is
automatically saved in flash memory, as a new setpoint.
INPUT NAME:
Stn. Monitor
1.4 Installation
1.4.2 Testing
Extensive commissioning tests are available in Chapter 7. Tables for recording required
settings are available in Microsoft Excel format from the GE Multilin website at http://
www.GEmultilin.com. The website also contains additional technical papers and FAQs
relevant to the 489 Generator Management Relay.
Chapter 2: Introduction
Introduction
2.1 Overview
2.1.1 Description
The 489 Generator Management Relay is a microprocessor-based relay designed for the
protection and management of synchronous and induction generators. The 489 is
equipped with 6 output relays for trips and alarms. Generator protection, fault diagnostics,
power metering, and RTU functions are integrated into one economical drawout package.
The single line diagram illustrates the 489 functionality using ANSI (American National
Standards Institute) device numbers.
489
s
ronou
52 Trip Coil
tion
Supervision
Synch
Induc
27
12 overspeed 47
21 distance
59
24 volts/hertz
27 undervoltage 810
50/27 inadvertent generator energization
81U
32 reverse power/low forward power 40
38 bearing overtemperature (RTD) 24
39 bearing vibration (analog inputs) 21
40 loss of excitation (impedance) 32
loss of field (reactive power) 38
40Q 41
2
negative sequence overcurrent (I 2 t)
40Q
46 GENERATOR 12
47 voltage phase reversal 50/27
49 stator thermal (RTD/thermal model) 49
51V
50 high-set phase overcurrent 39
50BF breaker failure detection 60FL
50 offline overcurrent 76 Output
46 relays
50/51GN ground overcurrent
51V voltage restrained phase overcurrent 49 6 Output
86 relays
59 overvoltage
50BF
59GN/27TN 100% stator ground
60FL VT fuse failure 50 87G
67 ground directional RS232
76 overexcitation (analog input) RS485
81 overfrequency/underfrequency 67 50/51GN RS485
86 electrical lockout Analog
+ 4
87G percentage differential
59GN 27TN
- outputs
sequential tripping logic +
-
4 Analog
inputs
trip coil supervision
generator running hours alarm
808783E8.CDR
Fault diagnostics are provided through pretrip data, event record, waveform capture, and
statistics. Prior to issuing a trip, the 489 takes a snapshot of the measured parameters and
stores them in a record with the cause of the trip. This pre-trip data may be viewed using
the NEXT key before the trip is reset, or by accessing the last trip data in actual values
page 1. The event recorder stores a maximum of 256 time and date stamped events
including the pre-trip data. Every time a trip occurs, the 489 stores a 16 cycle trace for all
measured AC quantities. Trip counters record the number of occurrences of each type of
trip. Minimum and maximum values for RTDs and analog inputs are also recorded. These
features allow the operator to pinpoint a problem quickly and with certainty.
A complete list protection features is shown below:
• Distance Element
NOTE
• Offline Overcurrent
• Phase Differential
Power metering is a standard feature in the 489. The table below outlines the metered
parameters available to the operator through the front panel and communications ports.
The 489 is equipped with three independent communications ports. The front panel RS232
port may be used for setpoint programming, local interrogation or control, and firmware
upgrades. The computer RS485 port may be connected to a PLC, DCS, or PC based
interface software. The auxiliary RS485 port may be used for redundancy or simultaneous
interrogation and/or control from a second PLC, DCS, or PC program. There are also four
4 to 20 mA transducer outputs that may be assigned to any measured parameter. The
range of these outputs is scalable. Additional features are outlined below.
Power Factor
RTD
2.1.2 Ordering
All features of the 489 are standard, there are no options. The phase CT secondaries,
control power, and analog output range must be specified at the time of order. There are
two ground CT inputs: one for a 50:0.025 CT and one for a ground CT with a 1 A secondary
(may also accommodate a 5 A secondary). The VT inputs accommodate VTs in either a
delta or wye configuration. The output relays are always non-failsafe with the exception of
the service relay. The EnerVista 489 Setup software is provided with each unit. A metal
demo case may be ordered for demonstration or testing purposes.
For example, the 489-P1-LO-A20-E code specifies a 489 Generator Management Relay
with 1 A CT inputs, 20 to 60 V DC or 20 to 48 V AC control voltage, 4 to 20 mA analog
outputs, and an enhanced display.
2.2 Specifications
2.2.1 Inputs
2.2.2 Outputs
ANALOG CURRENT OUTPUT
Type: Active
Range: 4 to 20mA, 0 to 1 mA
(must be specified with order)
Accuracy: ±1% of full scale
4 to 20 mA max. load: 1.2 kΩ
0 to 1 mA max. load: 10 kΩ
Isolation: 36 Vpk (isolated with RTDs and analog inputs)
4 assignable outputs: phase A, B, C output current, three-phase average current,
negative sequence current, generator load, hottest stator RTD,
hottest bearing RTD, RTDs 1 to 12, voltage (AB, BC, and CA),
Relay contacts must be considered unsafe to touch when the relay is energized! If the
Note
output relay contacts are required for low voltage accessible applications, it is the
customer's responsibility to ensure proper insulation levels.
2.2.3 Protection
PHASE DISTANCE (IMPEDANCE)
Characteristics: offset mho
Reach (secondary Ω): 0.1 to 500.0 Ω in steps of 0.1
Reach accuracy: ±5%
Characteristic angle: 50 to 85° in steps of 1
Time delay: 0.15 to 150.0 s in steps of 0.1
Timing accuracy: ±50 ms or ±0.5% of total time
Number of zones: 2
GROUND DIRECTIONAL
Pickup level: 0.05 to 20.00 × CT in steps of 0.01
Time delay: 0.1 to 120.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup accuracy: as per phase current inputs
Timing accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Trip and Alarm
GROUND OVERCURRENT
Pickup level: 0.05 to 20.00 × CT in steps of 0.01
Curve shapes: ANSI, IEC, IAC, Flexcurve, Definite Time
Elements: Trip
OTHER FEATURES
Serial Start/Stop Initiation, Remote Reset (configurable digital input), Test Input
(configurable digital input), Thermal Reset (configurable digital
input), Dual Setpoints, Pre-Trip Data, Event Recorder, Waveform
Memory, Fault Simulation, VT Failure, Trip Counter, Breaker
Failure, Trip Coil Monitor, Generator Running Hours Alarm, IRIG-
B Failure Alarm
OVERCURRENT ALARM
Pickup level: 0.10 to 1.50 × FLA in steps of 0.01 (average phase current)
Time delay: 0.1 to 250.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup accuracy: as per phase current inputs
Timing accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Alarm
OVERFREQUENCY
Required voltage: 0.50 to 0.99 × rated voltage in Phase A
Block from online: 0 to 5 sec. in steps of 1
Pickup level: 25.01 to 70.00 in steps of 0.01
Curve shapes: 1 level alarm, 2 level trip definite time
Time delay: 0.1 to 5000.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup accuracy: ±0.02 Hz
Timing accuracy: ±150 ms or ±1% of total time at 50Hz and 60Hz; ±300 ms or 2%
of total time at 25Hz
Elements: Trip and Alarm
OVERLOAD / STALL PROTECTION / THERMAL MODEL
Overload curves:
15 Standard Overload Curves, Custom Curve, and Voltage
Dependent Custom Curve (all curves time out against average
phase current)
Curve biasing: Phase Unbalance, Hot/Cold Curve Ratio, Stator RTD, Online
Cooling Rate, Offline Cooling Rate, Line Voltage
Overload pickup: 1.01 to 1.25
Pickup accuracy: as per phase current inputs
Timing accuracy: ±100 ms or ±2% of total time
Elements: Trip and Alarm
OVERVOLTAGE
Pickup level: 1.01 to 1.50 × rated V in steps of 0.01
Curve shapes: Inverse Time, definite time alarm
Time Delay: 0.2 to 120.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup accuracy: as per Voltage Inputs
Timing accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Trip and Alarm
PHASE DIFFERENTIAL
Pickup level: 0.05 to 1.00 × CT in steps of 0.01
Curve shape: Dual Slope
Time delay: 0 to 100 cycles in steps of 1
Pickup accuracy: as per phase current inputs
Timing accuracy: +50 ms at 50/60 Hz or ±0.5% total time
Elements: Trip
PHASE OVERCURRENT
Voltage restraint: programmable fixed characteristic
Pickup level: 0.15 to 20.00 × CT in steps of 0.01 of any one phase
GENERAL INPUT A TO G
Configurable: ssignable Digital Inputs 1 to 7
Time delay: 0.1 to 5000.0 s in steps of 0.1
Block from online: 0 to 5000 s in steps of 1
Timing accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Trip, Alarm, and Control
SEQUENTIAL TRIP
Configurable: assignable to Digital Inputs 1 to 7
Pickup level: 0.02 to 0.99 × rated MW in steps of 0.01, Low Forward Power /
Reverse Power
Time delay: 0.2 to 120.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup accuracy: see power metering
Timing accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Trip
TACHOMETER
Configurable: assignable to Digital Inputs 4 to 7
RPM measurement: 0 to 7200 RPM
Duty cycle of pulse: >10%
Pickup level: 101 to 175 × rated speed in steps of 1
Time delay: 1 to 250 s in steps of 1
Timing accuracy: ±0.5 s or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Trip and Alarm
2.2.5 Monitoring
DEMAND METERING
Metered values: maximum phase current,
3 phase real power,
3 phase apparent power,
3 phase reactive power
Measurement type: rolling demand
Demand interval: 5 to 90 min. in steps of 1
Update rate: 1 minute
Elements: Alarm
ENERGY METERING
Description: continuous total of +watthours and ±varhours
Range: 0.000 to 4000000.000 Mvarh
Timing accuracy: ±0.5%
Update Rate: 50 ms
LOW FORWARD POWER
Block from online: 0 to 15000 s in steps of 1
Pickup level: 0.02 to 0.99 × rated MW
Time delay: 0.2 to 120.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup accuracy: see power metering
Timing accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Trip and Alarm
POWER METERING
Range: -2000.000 to 2000.000 MW,
–2000.000 to 2000.000 Mvar,
0 to 2000.000 MVA
Accuracy at Iavg < 2 × CT: ±1% of 3 × 2 × CT × VTratio × VTfull-scale
Accuracy at Iavg > 2 × CT: ±1.5% of 3 × 20 × CT × VTratio × VTfull-scale
REACTIVE POWER
Block from online: 0 to 5000 s in steps of 1
Pickup level: 0.02 to 1.50 × rated Mvar
(positive and negative)
Time delay: 0.2 to 120.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup accuracy: see power metering
Timing accuracy: ±100ms or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Trip and Alarm
REVERSE POWER
Block from online: 0 to 5000 s in steps of 1
Pickup level: 0.02 to 0.99 × rated MW
Time delay: 0.2 to 120.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup accuracy: see power metering
Timing accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time
Elements: Trip and Alarm
TRIP COIL SUPERVISION
Applicable voltage: 20 to 300 V DC/AC
Trickle current: 2 to 5 mA
It is recommended that the 489 be powered up at least once per year to prevent
deterioration of electrolytic capacitors in the power supply.
FUSE
Current rating: 2.5 A
Type: 5x20mm HRC SLO-BLO Littelfuse
Model: 215-02.5
2.2.7 Communications
COMMUNICATIONS PORTS
RS232 port: 1, front panel, non-isolated
RS485 ports: 2, isolated together at 36 Vpk
RS485 baud rates: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200
RS232 baud rate: 9600
Parity: None, Odd, Even
Protocol: Modbus® RTU / half duplex, DNP 3.0
2.2.8 Testing
PRODUCTION TESTS
Thermal cycling: Operational test at ambient, reducing to –40°C and then
increasing to 60°C
Dielectric strength: 2000 VAC for 1 minute (as per UL & CE)
DO NOT CONNECT FILTER GROUND TO SAFETY GROUND DURING ANY PRODUCTION TESTS!
TYPE TESTING
The table below lists the 489 type tests:
2.2.9 Approvals
2.2.10 Physical
CASE
Drawout: Fully drawout (automatic CT shorts)
Seal: Seal provision
Door: Dust tight door
Mounting: Panel or 19" rack mount
IP Class: IP10A
PACKAGING
Shipping box: 12” × 11” × 10” (W × H × D)
30.5cm × 27.9cm × 25.4cm
Shipping weight: 17 lbs / 7.7 kg max.
TERMINALS
Low voltage (A, B, C, D terminals): 12 AWG max
High voltage (E, F, G, H terminals): #8 ring lug, 10 AWG wire standard
2.2.11 Environmental
Ambient temperatures:
Storage/Shipping: -40C to 85C
Operating: -40C to 60C
NOTE
It is recommended that all relays be powered up once per year, for one hour continuously,
Note
Chapter 3: Installation
Installation
3.1.1 Description
The 489 is packaged in the standard GE Multilin SR-series arrangement, which consists of
a drawout unit and a companion fixed case. The case provides mechanical protection to
the unit, and is used to make permanent connections to all external equipment. The only
electrical components mounted in the case are those required to connect the unit to the
external wiring. Connections in the case are fitted with mechanisms required to allow the
safe removal of the relay unit from an energized panel, such as automatic CT shorting. The
unit is mechanically held in the case by pins on the locking handle, which cannot be fully
lowered to the locked position until the electrical connections are completely mated. Any
489 can be installed in any 489 case, except for custom manufactured units that are
clearly identified as such on both case and unit, and are equipped with an index pin keying
mechanism to prevent incorrect pairings.
No special ventilation requirements need to be observed during the installation of the unit,
but the unit should be wiped clean with a damp cloth.
To prevent unauthorized removal of the drawout unit, a wire lead seal can be installed in
the slot provided on the handle as shown below. With this seal in place, the drawout unit
cannot be removed. A passcode or setpoint access jumper can be used to prevent entry of
setpoints but still allow monitoring of actual values. If access to the front panel controls
must be restricted, a separate seal can be installed on the outside of the cover to prevent it
from being opened.
Seal location
Hazard may result if the product is not used for its intended purpose.
3.1.3 Installation
The 489 case, alone or adjacent to another SR-series unit, can be installed in a standard
19-inch rack panel (see 489 Dimensions on page 3–2). Provision must be made for the front
door to swing open without interference to, or from, adjacent equipment. The 489 unit is
normally mounted in its case when shipped from the factory and should be removed
before mounting the case in the supporting panel. Unit withdrawal is described in the next
section.
After the mounting hole in the panel has been prepared, slide the 489 case into the panel
from the front. Applying firm pressure on the front to ensure the front bezel fits snugly
against the front of the panel, bend out the pair of retaining tabs (to a horizontal position)
from each side of the case, as shown below. The case is now securely mounted, ready for
panel wiring.
808704A1.CDR
TURN OFF CONTROL POWER BEFORE DRAWING OUT OR RE-INSERTING THE RELAY TO
PREVENT MALOPERATION!
If an attempt is made to install a unit into a non-matching case, the mechanical key
will prevent full insertion of the unit. Do not apply strong force in the following step or
damage may result.
To remove the unit from the case:
Open the cover by pulling the upper or lower corner of the right side,
which will rotate about the hinges on the left.
Release the locking latch, located below the locking handle, by
pressing upward on the latch with the tip of a screwdriver.
Grasp the locking handle in the center and pull firmly, rotating the
handle up from the bottom of the unit until movement ceases.
Once the handle is released from the locking mechanism, the unit can freely slide
out of the case when pulled by the handle. It may sometimes be necessary to
adjust the handle position slightly to free the unit.
Ensure that the network cable does not get caught inside the case while sliding in the
unit. This may interfere with proper insertion to the case terminal blocks and damage
the cable.
To ensure optimal response from the relay, the typical connection timeout should be set as
indicated in the following table:
TCP/IP sessions Timeout setting
up to 2 2 seconds
up to 4 3 seconds
EXCITER
AND
AUTOMATIC
CAUTION OPTIONAL VOLTAGE
TRANSDUCER REGULATOR WYE VOLTAGE OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
TO 4-20 mA INPUT FOR DC TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER
OVEREXCITATION Amps CONNECTION CONNECTION
mA FIELD
UNIT UNIT
PHASE A CIRCUIT CIRCUIT
PHASE a BREAKER BREAKER
DO NOT INJECT OVER RATED CURRENT
ON G10 & H10.
50:0.025
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
AUTOMATIC CT
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
com
com
V
V
1A
SHORTING TERMINALS
Vb
Vb
Vc
Vc
Va
Va
V
NEUTRAL
B1 RTD SHIELD
CAUTION
+
H12 + 489
A1 HOT CONTROL POWER
RTD #1 - - POWER
A2 COMPENSATION H11 SUPPLY
A3
A4
RTD RETURN
COMPENSATION
RTD #2
GE Multilin SAFETY GROUND G12
+
E12 POWER
A13 RTD RETURN IRIG - B - GROUND
F12 BUS - +
A14 COMPENSATION
RTD #6
A15 HOT E11
TRIP COIL
D1 HOT SUPERVISION F11
RTD #7
D2 COMPENSATION UNIT BREAKER
D3 RTD RETURN TRIP CONTROL UNIT
D4 COMPENSATION E2 TRIP
RTD #8 COIL
D5 HOT 1 TRIP F1 52a
D6 HOT E1
RTD #9 UNIT
D7 COMPENSATION F2
SHUTDOWN
D8 RTD RETURN 2 AUXILIARY E3 CIRCUIT
D9 COMPENSATION F3
RTD #10
D10 HOT E5
D11 HOT 3 AUXILIARY F4
RTD #11 BACK PANEL
D12 COMPENSATION E4
D13 RTD RETURN F5
D14 COMPENSATION 4 AUXILIARY E6
RTD #12 ETHERNET
D15 HOT F6
OPTION (T) E8
INDUCTIVE/HALL RJ_45
EFFECT SENSOR 5 ALARM F7
FOR TACHOMETER D16 ASSIGNABLE INPUT 1
E7 ALARM ANNUNCIATOR
DIGITAL INPUTS
9 WIRE RS232
SGND 5 5 7 SGND
D25 D26 D27 B2 B3 B4 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 6 6 6
7 7 4
8 8 5
9 9 22
9 PIN
CONNECTOR
120 ENERVISTER
489
+ - + - + - + - SETUP
1nF
SELF POWERED
BEARING VIBRATION
TRANSDUCERS
808752EM.CDR
GROUND
COMMUNICATION PORTS
ONLY AT MASTER DEVICE
120 1nF
+ - COM
RS485 COMMON- COMMON
PORT
WATTS
#1+
VARS
4-20mA #2+
ANALOG STATOR RTDs
INPUT #3+
PLC
or BEARING RTDs
#4+
COMPUTER
Control power supplied to the relay must match the installed power supply range. If the
applied voltage does not match, damage to the unit may occur. All grounds MUST be
connected for normal operation regardless of control power supply type.
The label found on the left side of the relay specifies its order code or model number. The
installed power supply’s operating range will be one of the following.
LO: 20 to 60 V DC or 20 to 48 V AC
HI: 88 to 300 V DC or 70 to 265 V AC
The relay should be connected directly to the ground bus, using the shortest practical
path. A tinned copper, braided, shielding and bonding cable should be used. As a
minimum, 96 strands of number 34 AWG should be used. Belden catalog number 8660
is suitable.
Ensure applied control voltage and rated voltage on drawout case terminal label match.
For example, the HI power supply will work with any DC voltage from 90 to 300 V, or AC
voltage from 70 to 265 V. The internal fuse may blow if the applied voltage exceeds this
range.
Extensive filtering and transient protection are built into the 489 to ensure proper
operation in harsh industrial environments. Transient energy must be conducted back to
the source through the filter ground terminal. A separate safety ground terminal is
provided for hi-pot testing.
Phase Current
The 489 has six phase current transformer inputs (three output side and three neutral end),
each with an isolating transformer. There are no internal ground connections on the CT
inputs. Each phase CT circuit is shorted by automatic mechanisms on the 489 case if the
unit is withdrawn. The phase CTs should be chosen such that the FLA is no less than 50% of
the rated phase CT primary. Ideally, the phase CT primary should be chosen such that the
FLA is 100% of the phase CT primary or slightly less. This will ensure maximum accuracy
for the current measurements. The maximum phase CT primary current is 50000 A.
The 489 will measure correctly up to 20 times the phase current nominal rating. Since the
conversion range is large, 1 A or 5 A CT secondaries must be specified at the time of order
such that the appropriate interposing CT may be installed in the unit. CTs chosen must be
capable of driving the 489 phase CT burden (see SPECIFICATIONS for ratings).
Verify that the 489 nominal phase current of 1 A or 5 A matches the secondary rating
and connections of the connected CTs. Unmatched CTs may result in equipment
damage or inadequate protection. Polarity of the phase CTs is critical for phase
differential, negative sequence, power measurement, and residual ground current
detection (if used).
Ground Current
The 489 has a dual primary isolating transformer for ground CT connections. There are no
internal ground connections on the ground current inputs. The ground CT circuits are
shorted by automatic mechanisms on the case if the unit is withdrawn. The 1 A tap is used
for 1 A or 5 A secondary CTs in either core balance or residual ground configurations. If the
1 A tap is used, the 489 measures up to 20 A secondary with a maximum ground CT ratio
of 10000:1. The ground CT must be capable of driving the ground CT burden.
The HGF ground CT input is designed for sensitive ground current detection on high
resistance grounded systems where the GE Multilin HGF core balance CT (50:0.025) is used.
In applications such as mines, where earth leakage current must be measured for
personnel safety, primary ground current as low as 0.25 A may be detected with the GE
Multilin HGF CT. Only one ground CT input tap should be used on a given unit.
The HGF CT has a rating of 50:0.025. However if the HGF CT is used in conjunction with the
489, the relay assumes a fixed ratio of 5:0.0025. Therefore, the pickup level in primary
amps will be Pickup × CT, where CT is equal to 5.
Only one ground input should be wired. The other input should be unconnected.
Note
NOTE
DO NOT INJECT OVER THE RATED CURRENT TO HGF TERMINAL (0.25 to 25 A PRIMARY).
The exact placement of a zero sequence CT to detect ground fault current is shown below.
If the core balance CT is placed over shielded cable, capacitive coupling of phase current
into the cable shield may be detected as ground current unless the shield wire is also
passed through the CT window. Twisted pair cabling on the zero sequence CT is
recommended.
Polarity of the generator terminal VTs is critical for correct power measurement and
voltage phase reversal operation.
There are 9 digital inputs that are designed for dry contact connections only. Two of the
digital inputs, Access and Breaker Status have their own common terminal, the balance of
the digital inputs share one common terminal (see Typical Wiring Diagram on page 3–9).
In addition, the +24 V DC switch supply is brought out for control power of an inductive or
capacitive proximity probe. The NPN transistor output could be taken to one of the
assignable digital inputs configured as a counter or tachometer. Refer to the Specifications
section of this manual for maximum current draw from the +24 V DC switch supply.
For example, for a 0 to 1 mA input, if 5 V full scale corresponds to 1 mA, then RLOAD = 5 V /
0.001 A = 5000 Ω. For a 4 to 20 mA input, this resistor would be RLOAD = 5 V / 0.020
A = 250 Ω.
The 489 RTD circuitry compensates for lead resistance, provided that each of the three
leads is the same length. Lead resistance should not exceed 25 Ω per lead for platinum
and nickel RTDs and 3 Ω per lead for copper RTDs. Shielded cable should be used to
prevent noise pickup in the industrial environment. RTD cables should be kept close to
grounded metal casings and avoid areas of high electromagnetic or radio interference.
RTD leads should not be run adjacent to or in the same conduit as high current carrying
wires.
HOT A1 RTD IN
RTD #1
GENERATOR
COMPENSATION A2 STATOR
OR
BEARING
RETURN A3
IMPORTANT NOTE: The RTD circuitry is isolated as a group with the Analog Input circuitry
Note
and the Analog Output circuitry. Only one ground reference should be used for the three
NOTE
circuits. Transorbs limit this isolation to ±36 V with respect to the 489 safety ground. If code
requires that the RTDs be grounded locally at the generator terminal box, that will also be
the ground reference for the analog inputs and outputs.
voltage from 30 to 250 V DC) through the breaker trip coil. The supervision circuits
respond to a loss of this trickle current as a failure condition. Circuit breakers equipped
with standard control circuits have a breaker auxiliary contact permitting the trip coil
to be energized only when the breaker is closed. When these contacts are open, as
detected by the Breaker Status digital input, trip coil supervision circuit is
automatically disabled. This logic provides that the trip circuit is monitored only when
the breaker is closed.
• 2 AUXILIARY, 3 AUXILIARY, 4 AUXILIARY: The auxiliary relays may be programmed for
numerous functions such as, trip echo, alarm echo, trip backup, alarm or trip
differentiation, control circuitry, etc. They should be wired as configuration warrants.
• 5 ALARM: The alarm relay should connect to the appropriate annunciator or
monitoring device.
• 6 SERVICE: The service relay will operate if any of the 489 diagnostics detect an
internal failure or on loss of control power. This output may be monitored with an
annunciator, PLC or DCS.
The service relay NC contact may also be wired in parallel with the trip relay on a
breaker application. This will provide failsafe operation of the generator; that is, the
generator will be tripped offline in the event that the 489 is not protecting it. Simple
annunciation of such a failure will allow the operator or the operation computer to
either continue, or do a sequenced shutdown.
Relay contacts must be considered unsafe to touch when the system is energized! If
the customer requires the relay contacts for low voltage accessible applications, it is
their responsibility to ensure proper insulation levels.
3.2.11 IRIG-B
IRIG-B is a standard time-code format that allows stamping of events to be synchronized
among connected devices within 1 millisecond. The IRIG-B time codes are serial, width-
modulated formats which are either DC level shifted or amplitude modulated (AM). Third
party equipment is available for generating the IRIG-B signal. This equipment may use a
GPS satellite system to obtain the time reference enabling devices at different geographic
locations to be synchronized.
Terminals E12 and F12 on the 489 unit are provided for the connection of an IRIG-B signal.
Voltage differences between remote ends of the communication link are not uncommon.
For this reason, surge protection devices are internally installed across all RS485 terminals.
Internally, an isolated power supply with an optocoupled data interface is used to prevent
noise coupling.
To ensure that all devices in a daisy-chain are at the same potential, it is imperative that
Note
the common terminals of each RS485 port are tied together and grounded only once, at
NOTE
the master. Failure to do so may result in intermittent or failed communications.
The source computer/PLC/SCADA system should have similar transient protection devices
installed, either internally or externally, to ensure maximum reliability. Ground the shield at
one point only, as shown below, to avoid ground loops.
Correct polarity is also essential. All 489s must be wired with all ‘+’ terminals connected
together, and all ‘–’ terminals connected together. Each relay must be daisy-chained to the
next one. Avoid star or stub connected configurations. The last device at each end of the
daisy chain should be terminated with a 120 Ω ¼ W resistor in series with a 1 nF capacitor
across the ‘+’ and ‘–’ terminals. Observing these guidelines will result in a reliable
communication system that is immune to system transients.
808845.CDR
power and trip coil supervision. CT inputs, VT inputs, and output relays do not require any
special precautions. Low voltage inputs (<30 V), RTDs, analog inputs, analog outputs, digital
inputs, and RS485 communication ports are not to be tested for dielectric strength under
any circumstance (see below).
g GE Multilin
Chapter 4: Interfaces
Interfaces
4.1.1 Display
All messages appear on a 40-character liquid crystal display. Messages are in plain English
and do not require the aid of an instruction manual for deciphering. When the user
interface is not being used, the display defaults to the user-defined status messages. Any
trip or alarm automatically overrides the default messages and is immediately displayed.
808732A3.CDR
• HOT STATOR: Indicates that the generator stator is above normal temperature when
one of the stator RTD alarm or trip elements is picked up or the thermal model trip
element is picked up.
• NEG. SEQUENCE: Indicates that the negative sequence current alarm or trip element
is picked up.
• GROUND: Indicates that at least one of the ground overcurrent, neutral overvoltage
(fundamental), or neutral undervoltage (3rd harmonic) alarm/trip elements is picked
up.
• LOSS OF FIELD: Indicates that at least one of the reactive power (kvar) or field-breaker
discrepancy alarm/trip elements is picked up.
• VT FAILURE: Indicates that the VT fuse failure alarm is picked up.
• BREAKER FAILURE: Indicates that the breaker failure or trip coil monitor alarm is
picked up.
4.1.4 Keypad
Description
The 489 display messages are organized into main menus, pages, and sub-pages. There
are three main menus labeled Setpoints, Actual Values, and Target Messages.
Press the MENU key followed by the MESSAGE key to scroll
through the three main menu headers, which appear in sequence as
follows:
SETPOINTS [w ]
ACTUAL VALUES [w ]
TARGET MESSAGES [w ]
Press the MESSAGE key or the ENTER key from these main menu
pages to display the corresponding menu page.
Use the MESSAGE and MESSAGE keys to scroll through the
page headers.
When the display shows SETPOINTS,
Press the MESSAGE key or the ENTER key to display the page
headers of programmable parameters (referred to as setpoints in the
manual).
When the display shows ACTUAL VALUES,
Press the MESSAGE key or the ENTER key to display the page
headers of measured parameters (referred to as actual values in the
manual).
When the display shows TARGET MESSAGES,
Press the MESSAGE key or the ENTER key to display the page
headers of event messages or alarm conditions.
Each page is broken down further into logical sub-pages. The MESSAGE and
MESSAGE keys are used to navigate through the sub-pages. A summary of the setpoints
and actual values can be found in the chapters 5 and 6, respectively.
The ENTER key is dual-purpose. It is used to enter the sub-pages and to store altered
setpoint values into memory to complete the change. The MESSAGE key can also be
used to enter sub-pages but not to store altered setpoints.
The ESCAPE key is also dual-purpose. It is used to exit the sub-pages and to cancel a
setpoint change. The MESSAGE key can also be used to exit sub-pages and to cancel
setpoint changes.
The VALUE keys are used to scroll through the possible choices of an enumerated setpoint.
They also decrement and increment numerical setpoints. Numerical setpoints may also be
entered through the numeric keypad.
Press the HELP key to display context-sensitive information about
setpoints such as the range of values and the method of changing
the setpoint.
Help messages will automatically scroll through all messages
currently appropriate.
The RESET key resets any latched conditions that are not presently active. This includes
resetting latched output relays, latched Trip LEDs, breaker operation failure, and trip coil
failure.
The MESSAGE and MESSAGE keys scroll through any active conditions in the relay.
Diagnostic messages are displayed indicating the state of protection and monitoring
elements that are picked up, operating, or latched. When the Message LED is on, there are
messages to be viewed with the MENU key by selecting target messages as described
earlier.
Press the VALUE keys until the character “S” is displayed in the first
position.
Press the decimal [.] key to store the character and advance the
cursor to the next position.
Change the second character to a “t” in the same manner.
Continue entering characters in this way until all characters of the
text “Stn. Monitor” are entered.
Note that a space is selected like a character.
If a character is entered incorrectly, press the decimal [.] key
repeatedly until the cursor returns to the position of the error. Re-
enter the character as required.
Once complete, press the ENTER key to remove the solid cursor and
view the result.
Once a character is entered, by pressing the ENTER key, it is
automatically saved in Flash Memory, as a new setpoint.
INPUT NAME:
Stn. Monitor
The 489 does not have '+' or '–' keys. Negative numbers may be entered in one of two
manners.
• Immediately pressing one of the VALUE keys causes the setpoint to
scroll through its range including any negative numbers.
• After entering at least one digit of a numeric setpoint value, pressing the
VALUE keys changes the sign of the value where applicable.
ACTUAL VALUES [w ]
TARGET MESSAGES [w ]
Press the MENU key until the display shows the header of the
setpoints menu.
Press the MESSAGE or ENTER key to display the header for the
first setpoints page.
The set point pages are numbered, have an 'S' prefix for easy
identification and have a name which gives a general idea of the
setpoints available in that page.
The majority of setpoints are changed by pressing the VALUE keys until the desired value
appears, and then pressing ENTER . Numeric setpoints may also be entered through the
numeric keys (including decimals). If the entered setpoint is out of range, the original
setpoint value reappears. If the entered setpoint is out of step, an adjusted value will be
stored (e.g. 101 for a setpoint that steps 95, 100, 105 is stored as 100). If a mistake is made
entering the new value, pressing ESCAPE returns the setpoint to its original value. Text
editing is a special case described in detail in Entering Alphanumeric Text on page 4–5.
Each time a new setpoint is successfully stored, a message will flash on the display stating
NEW SETPOINT HAS BEEN STORED.
4.2.1 Overview
The front panel provides local operator interface with a liquid crystal display. The EnerVista
489 Setup software provides a graphical user interface (GUI) as one of two human
interfaces to a 489 device. The alternate human interface is implemented via the device's
faceplate keypad and display (see the first section in this chapter).
The EnerVista 489 Setup software provides a single facility to configure, monitor, maintain,
and trouble-shoot the operation of relay functions, connected over serial communication
networks. It can be used while disconnected (i.e. off-line) or connected (i.e. on-line) to a 489
device. In off-line mode, setpoint files can be created for eventual downloading to the
device. In on-line mode, you can communicate with the device in real-time.
This no-charge software, provided with every 489 relay, can be run from any computer
supporting Microsoft Windows® 95 or higher. This chapter provides a summary of the
basic EnerVista 489 Setup software interface features. The EnerVista 489 Setup help file
provides details for getting started and using the software interface.
With the EnerVista 489 Setup running on your PC, it is possible to
• Program and modify setpoints
• Load/save setpoint files from/to disk
• Read actual values and monitor status
• Perform waveform capture and log data
• Plot, print, and view trending graphs of selected actual values
• Download and playback waveforms
• Get help on any topic
4.2.2 Hardware
Communications from the EnerVista 489 Setup to the 489 can be accomplished three
ways: RS232, RS485, and Ethernet (requires the MultiNet adapter) communications. The
following figures below illustrate typical connections for RS232 and RS485
communications. For additional details on Ethernet communications, please see the
MultiNet manual (GE Publication number GEK-106498).
In the EnerVista Launch Pad window, click the Add Product button
and select the “489 Generator Management Relay” from the Install
Software window as shown below.
Select the “Web” option to ensure the most recent software release,
or select “CD” if you do not have a web connection.
Click the Add Now button to list software items for the 489.
EnerVista Launchpad will obtain the latest installation software from the Web or CD and
automatically start the installation process. A status window with a progress bar will be
shown during the downloading process.
Select the complete path, including the new directory name, where
the EnerVista 489 Setup software will be installed.
Click on Next to begin the installation.
The files will be installed in the directory indicated and the
installation program will automatically create icons and add
EnerVista 489 Setup software to the Windows start menu.
Click Finish to end the installation.
The 489 device will be added to the list of installed IEDs in the
EnerVista Launchpad window, as shown below.
Enter the slave address and COM port values (from the S1 489 SETUP
COMMUNICATIONS menu) in the Slave Address and COM Port
fields.
Enter the physical communications parameters (baud rate and
parity setpoints) in their respective fields.
Note that when communicating to the relay from the front port, the
default communications setpoints are a baud rate of 9600, with
slave address of 1, no parity, 8 bits, and 1 stop bit. These values
cannot be changed.
Click the Read Order Code button to connect to the 489 device and
upload the order code.
If a communications error occurs, ensure that the 489 serial
communications values entered in the previous step correspond to
the relay setting values.
Click OK when the relay order code has been received.
The new device will be added to the Site List window (or Online
window) located in the top left corner of the main EnerVista 489
Setup window.
The 489 Site Device has now been configured for serial communications. Proceed to
Connecting to the Relay on page 4–19 to begin communications.
As indicated by the window, the Quick Connect feature quickly connects the EnerVista 489
Setup software to a 489 front port with the following setpoints: 9600 baud, no parity, 8 bits,
1 stop bit.
Select the PC communications port connected to the relay.
Press the Connect button.
The EnerVista 489 Setup software will display a window indicating the status of
communications with the relay. When connected, a new Site called “Quick Connect” will
appear in the Site List window. The properties of this new site cannot be changed.
The 489 Site Device has now been configured via the Quick Connect feature for serial
communications. Proceed to Connecting to the Relay on page 4–19 to begin
communications.
Install and start the latest version of the EnerVista 489 Setup
software (available from the GE EnerVista CD).
See the previous section for the installation procedure.
Click on the Device Setup button to open the Device Setup window.
Click the Add Site button to define a new site.
Enter the desired site name in the Site Name field.
If desired, a short description of site can also be entered along with
the display order of devices defined for the site. In this example, we
will use “Pumping Station 2” as the site name.
Click the OK button when complete.
The new site will appear in the upper-left list.
Click the Add Device button to define the new device.
Enter the desired name in the Device Name field and a description
(optional).
Select “Ethernet” from the Interface drop-down list.
This will display a number of interface parameters that must be
entered for proper Ethernet functionality.
The Phase Overcurrent setpoint window will open with a corresponding status indicator on
the lower left of the EnerVista 489 Setup window.
If the status indicator is red, verify that the serial cable is properly
connected to the relay, and that the relay has been properly
configured for communications (steps described earlier).
Setpoints can now be edited, printed, or changed according to user specifications. Other
setpoint and commands windows can be displayed and edited in a similar manner. Actual
values windows are also available for display. These windows can be locked, arranged,
and resized at will.
Note Refer to the EnerVista 489 Setup help file for additional information about using the
software.
NOTE
Click the arrow at the end of the box to display a numerical keypad
interface that allows the user to enter a value within the setpoint
range displayed near the top of the keypad:
Click Accept to exit from the keypad and keep the new value.
Click on Cancel to exit from the keypad and retain the old value.
For setpoints requiring non-numerical pre-set values (e.g. VT CONNECTION TYPE below, in
the Voltage Sensing window),
Click anywhere within the setpoint value box to display a drop-down
selection menu arrow.
Click on the arrow to select the desired setpoint.
For setpoints requiring an alphanumeric text string (e.g. message scratchpad messages),
the value may be entered directly within the setpoint value box.
In the Setpoint / System Setup dialog box, click on Save to save the
values into the 489.
Click Yes to accept any changes.
Click No, and then Restore to retain previous values and exit.
Overview
The EnerVista 489 Setup software interface supports three ways of handling changes to
relay setpoints:
• In off-line mode (relay disconnected) to create or edit relay setpoint files for later
download to communicating relays.
• Directly modifying relay setpoints while connected to a communicating relay, then
saving the setpoints when complete.
• Creating/editing setpoint files while connected to a communicating relay, then
saving them to the relay when complete.
Settings files are organized on the basis of file names assigned by the user. A settings file
contains data pertaining to the following types of relay settings:
• Device Definition
• Product Setup
• System Setup
• Digital Inputs
• Output Relays
• Voltage Elements
• Power Elements
• RTD Temperature
• Thermal Model
• Monitoring Functions
• Analog Inputs and Outputs
• Relay Testing
• User Memory Map Setting Tool
Factory default values are supplied and can be restored after any changes.
The EnerVista 489 Setup display relay setpoints with the same hierarchy as the front panel
display. For specific details on setpoints, refer to Chapter 5.
Select the File > Read Settings from Device menu item to obtain
settings information from the device.
After a few seconds of data retrieval, the software will request the name and destination
path of the setpoint file. The corresponding file extension will be automatically assigned.
Press Save to complete the process.
A new entry will be added to the tree, in the File pane, showing path
and file name for the setpoint file.
The Open dialog box will appear, prompting for a previously saved setting file. As for any
other Windows® application,
Browse for the file to add.
Click Open.
The new file and complete path will be added to the file list.
Select the New Settings File item. The EnerVista 489 Setup software
displays the following box, allowing for the configuration of the
setpoint file for the correct firmware version. It is important to define
the correct firmware version to ensure that setpoints not available in
a particular version are not downloaded into the relay.
Load the setpoint file to be upgraded into the EnerVista 489 Setup
environment as described in Adding Setpoints Files to the
Environment on page 4–24.
In the File pane, select the saved setpoint file.
From the main window menu bar, select the File > Properties menu
item and note the version code of the setpoint file.
If this version (e.g. 4.0X shown below) is different than the Software
Revision code noted in step 2, select a New File Version that
matches the Software Revision code from the pull-down menu.
For example, if the software revision is 3.00 and the current setpoint file revision is
1.50, change the setpoint file revision to “3.0X”, as shown below.
The process for File > Print Preview Settings is identical to the steps above.
Setpoints lists can be printed in the same manner by right clicking on the desired file (in the
file list) or device (in the device list) and selecting the Print Device Information or Print
Settings File options.
A complete list of actual values can also be printed from a connected device with the
following procedure:
Establish communications with the desired 489 device.
From the main window, select the File > Print Settings menu item.
The Print/Export Options dialog box will appear.
Select Actual Values in the upper section.
Select either Include All Features (for a complete list) or Include Only
Enabled Features (for a list of only those features which are
currently used) in the filtering section.
Click OK.
Actual values can be printed in the same manner by right clicking on the desired device (in
the device list) and selecting the Print Device Information option.
An error message will occur when attempting to download a setpoint file with a revision
number that does not match the relay firmware. If the firmware has been upgraded since
saving the setpoint file, see Upgrading Setpoint Files to a New Revision on page 4–25 for
instructions on changing the revision number of a setpoint file.
The following procedure illustrates how to load setpoints from a file. Before loading a
setpoint file, it must first be added to the EnerVista 489 Setup environment as described in
Adding Setpoints Files to the Environment on page 4–24.
Select the previously saved setpoint file from the File pane of the
EnerVista 489 Setup software main window.
Select the File > Properties menu item and verify that the
corresponding file is fully compatible with the hardware and
firmware version of the target relay.
If the versions are not identical, see Upgrading Setpoint Files to a
New Revision on page 4–25 for details on changing the setpoints file
version.
Right-click on the selected file.
Select the Write Settings to Device item.
The software will prompt for a target device.
Select the desired device.
Click Send.
If there are no incompatibilities between the target device and the Setpoints file, the data
will be transferred to the relay. An indication of the percentage completed will be shown in
the bottom of the main menu.
4.5.1 Description
To upgrade the 489 firmware, follow the procedures listed in this section. Upon successful
completion of this procedure, the 489 will have new firmware installed with the original
setpoints.
The latest firmware files are available from the GE Multilin website at
http://www.GEmultilin.com.
The EnerVista 489 Setup software will request the new firmware file. Locate the file to load
into the 489. The firmware filename has the following format:
32 J 300 A8 . 000
Modification Number (000 = none)
GE Multilin use only
Firmware version
Required 489 hardware revision
Product code (32 = 489)
The EnerVista 489 Setup software automatically lists all filenames beginning with ‘32’.
Select the appropriate file.
Click OK to continue.
The software will prompt with another Upload Firmware Warning window. This will be the
final chance to cancel the firmware upgrade before the flash memory is erased.
Click Yes to continue or No to cancel the upgrade.
The EnerVista 489 Setup software now prepares the 489 to receive the new firmware file.
The 489 will display a message indicating that it is in Upload Mode. While the file is being
loaded into the 489, a status box appears showing how much of the new firmware file has
been transferred and how much is remaining, as well as the upgrade status. The entire
transfer process takes approximately five minutes.
The EnerVista 489 Setup software will notify the user when the 489 has finished loading
the file.
Carefully read any displayed messages and click OK to return the
main screen.
Note
NOTE
After successfully updating the 489 firmware, the relay will not be in service and will
require setpoint programming. To communicate with the relay, the following settings will
have to be manually programmed.
MODBUS COMMUNICATION ADDRESS
BAUD RATE
PARITY (if applicable)
When communications is established, the saved setpoints must be reloaded back into the
relay. See Loading Setpoints from a File on page 4–28 for details.
Modbus addresses assigned to firmware modules, features, settings, and corresponding
data items (i.e. default values, min/max values, data type, and item size) may change
slightly from version to version of firmware.
The addresses are rearranged when new features are added or existing features are
enhanced or modified. The EEPROM DATA ERROR message displayed after upgrading/
downgrading the firmware is a resettable, self-test message intended to inform users that
the Modbus addresses have changed with the upgraded firmware. This message does not
signal any problems when appearing after firmware upgrades.
Click on the Save to File button to save the selected waveform to the
local PC.
A new window will appear requesting for file name and path.
The file is saved as a CSV (comma delimited values) file, which can be viewed and
manipulated with compatible third-party software.
To view a previously saved file,
Click the Open button and select the corresponding CSV file.
To view the captured waveforms,
Click the Launch Viewer button.
A detailed Waveform Capture window will appear as shown below:
The red vertical line indicates the trigger point of the relay.
The date and time of the trigger is displayed at the top left corner of the window. To match
the captured waveform with the event that triggered it,
Make note of the time and date shown in the graph.
Find the event that matches the same time and date in the event
recorder.
The event record will provide additional information on the cause and the system
conditions at the time of the event.
Additional information on how to download and save events is shown in Event Recorder on
page 4–40.
From the window main menu bar, press the Preference button to
open the Setup page to change the graph attributes.
Preference button
Change the Color of each graph as desired, and select other options,
as required, by checking the appropriate boxes.
Click OK to store these graph attributes, and to close the window.
The Waveform Capture window will reappear with the selected graph attributes available
for use.
4.6.3 Phasors
The EnerVista 489 Setup software can be used to view the phasor diagram of three-phase
currents and voltages. The phasors are for: Phase Voltages Va, Vb, and Vc; Phase Currents
Ia, Ib, and Ic.
The 489 Generator Management Relay was designed to display lagging angles. Therefore,
if a system condition would cause the current to lead the voltage by 45°, the 489 relay will
display such angle as 315° Lag instead of 45° Lead.
Note
When the currents and voltages measured by the relay are zero, the angles displayed by
the relay and those shown by the EnerVista 489 Setup software are not fixed values.
To view detailed information for a given event and the system information at the moment
of the event occurrence,
Change the event number on the Select Event box.
This window allows the desired addresses to be written to User Map locations. The
User Map values that correspond to these addresses are then displayed.
Selecting an actual values window also opens the actual values tree from the
corresponding device in the site list and highlights the current location in the hierarchy.
For complete details on actual values, refer to Chapter 6.
To view a separate window for each group of actual values, select the desired item from
the tree, and double click with the left mouse button. Each group will be opened on a
separate tab. The windows can be re-arranged to maximize data viewing as shown in the
following figure (showing actual current, voltage, and generator status values tiled in the
same window):
Click the Device Setup button to open the Device Setup window.
Click the Add Site button to define a new site.
Enter the desired site name in the Site Name field.
If desired, a short description of site can also be entered along with
the display order of devices defined for the site.
Click the OK button when complete.
The new site will appear in the upper-left list in the EnerVista 489
Setup window.
Click the Add Device button to define the new device.
Enter the desired name in the Device Name field and a description
(optional) of the site.
Select the appropriate communications interface (Ethernet or Serial)
and fill in the required information for the 489. See Connecting
EnerVista 489 Setup to the Relay on page 4–15 for details.
Click the Read Order Code button to connect to the 489 device and
upload the order code. If an communications error occurs, ensure
that communications values entered in the previous step correspond
to the relay setting values.
Click OK when complete.
From the EnerVista main window, select the IED Dashboard item to
open the Plug and Play IED dashboard.
An icon for the 489 will be displayed.
Click the Dashboard button below the 489 icon to view the device
information.
We have now successfully accessed our 489 through EnerVista Viewpoint.
For additional information on EnerVista viewpoint, please visit the EnerVista website at
http://www.EnerVista.com.
Chapter 5: Setpoints
Setpoints
5.1 Overview
COMMUNICATIONS []
MESSAGE See page 5–12.
END OF PAGE
MESSAGE
DUAL []
MESSAGE See page 5–24.
SETPOINTS
SEQUENTIAL []
MESSAGE See page 5–25.
TRIP
FIELD-BREAKER []
MESSAGE See page 5–26.
DISCREPANCY
TACHOMETER []
MESSAGE See page 5–26.
WAVEFORM []
MESSAGE See page 5–27.
CAPTURE
GROUND []
MESSAGE See page 5–27.
SWITCH STATUS
END OF PAGE
MESSAGE
1 VOLTS/HERTZ []
MESSAGE See page 5–45.
1 PHASE []
MESSAGE See page 5–48.
REVERSAL
1 UNDERFREQUENCY []
MESSAGE See page 5–49.
1 OVERFREQUENCY []
MESSAGE See page 5–50.
1 RTD #2 []
MESSAGE See page 5–65.
1 RTD #3 []
MESSAGE See page 5–65.
↓
1 RTD #12 []
MESSAGE See page 5–67.
END OF PAGE
MESSAGE
PULSE []
MESSAGE See page 5–94.
OUTPUT
RUNNING []
MESSAGE See page 5–95.
HOUR SETUP
END OF PAGE
MESSAGE
ANALOG []
MESSAGE See page 5–98.
INPUT 4
END OF PAGE
MESSAGE
Trips
A 489 trip feature may be assigned to any combination of the four output relays: 1 Trip,
2 Auxiliary, 3 Auxiliary, and 4 Auxiliary. If a Trip becomes active, the appropriate LED
(indicator) on the 489 faceplate illuminates to indicate which output relay has operated.
Each trip feature may be programmed as latched or unlatched. Once a latched trip feature
becomes active, the RESET key must be pressed to reset that trip. If the condition that
caused the trip is still present (for example, hot RTD) the trip relay(s) will not reset until the
condition disappears. On the other hand, if an unlatched trip feature becomes active, that
trip resets itself (and associated output relay(s)) after the condition that caused the trip
ceases and the Breaker Status input indicates that the breaker is open. If there is a lockout
time, the trip relay(s) will not reset until the lockout time has expired. Immediately prior to
issuing a trip, the 489 takes a snapshot of generator parameters and stores them as pre-
trip values, allowing for troubleshooting after the trip. The cause of last trip message is
updated with the current trip and the 489 display defaults to that message. All trip features
are automatically logged and date and time stamped as they occur. In addition, all trips
are counted and logged as statistics such that any long term trends may be identified.
Note that a lockout time will occur due to overload trip (see Model Setup on page 5–71 for
additional details).
Alarms
A 489 alarm feature may be assigned to operate any combination of four output relays:
2 Auxiliary, 3 Auxiliary, 4 Auxiliary, and 5 Alarm. When an alarm becomes active, the
appropriate LED (indicator) on the 489 faceplate will illuminate when an output relay(s) has
operated. Each alarm feature may be programmed as latched or unlatched. Once a
latched alarm feature becomes active, the reset key must be pressed to reset that alarm. If
the condition that has caused the alarm is still present (for example, hot RTD) the Alarm
relay(s) will not reset until the condition is no longer present. If on the other hand, an
unlatched alarm feature becomes active, that alarm will reset itself (and associated output
relay(s)) as soon as the condition that caused the alarm ceases. As soon as an alarm
occurs, the alarms messages are updated to reflect the alarm and the 489 display defaults
to that message. Since it may not be desirable to log all alarms as events, each alarm
feature may be programmed to log as an event or not. If an alarm is programmed to log as
an event, when it becomes active, it is automatically logged as a date and time stamped
event.
Control
A 489 control feature may be assigned to operate any combination of five output relays:
1 Trip, 2 Auxiliary, 3 Auxiliary, 4 Auxiliary, and 5 Alarm. The combination of relays available
for each function is determined by the suitability of each relay for that particular function.
The appropriate LED (indicator) on the 489 faceplate will illuminate when an output relay(s)
has been operated by a control function. Since it may not be desirable to log all control
function as events, each control feature may be programmed to log as an event or not. If a
control feature is programmed to log as an event, each control relay event is automatically
logged with a date and time stamp.
5.1.5 Commissioning
Tables for recording of 489 programmed setpoints are available as a Microsoft Word
document from the GE Multilin website at http://www.GEmultilin.com. See the Support
Documents section of the 489 Generator Management Relay page for the latest version.
This document is also available in print from the GE Multilin literature department (request
publication number GET-8445).
5.2.1 Passcode
PATH: SETPOINTS S1 489 SETUP PASSCODE
A passcode access security feature is provided with the 489. The passcode is defaulted to
“0” (without the quotes) at the time of shipping. Passcode protection is ignored when the
passcode is “0”. In this case, the setpoint access jumper is the only protection when
programming setpoints from the front panel keypad and setpoints may be altered using
the RS232 and RS485 serial ports without access protection. If however, the passcode is
changed to a non-zero value, passcode protection is enabled. The access jumper must be
installed and the passcode must be entered, to program setpoints from the front panel
keypad. The passcode must also be entered individually from each serial communications
port to gain setpoint programming access from that port.
The ENTER PASSCODE FOR ACCESS setpoint is seen only if the passcode is not 0 and
SETPOINT ACCESS is “Restricted”. The SETPOINT ACCESS and CHANGE PASSWORD setpoints
are seen only if the passcode is 0 and the SETPOINT ACCESS is “Permitted”.
To enable passcode protection on a new relay, follow the procedure below:
Press ENTER then MESSAGE DOWN until CHANGE PASSCODE
message is displayed.
Select Yes and follow directions to enter a new passcode 1 to 8 digits
in length.
Once a new passcode (other than “0”) is programmed, it must be entered to gain setpoint
access whenever setpoint access is restricted. Assuming that a non-zero passcode has
been programmed and setpoint access is restricted, then selecting the passcode subgroup
causes the ENTER PASSCODE AGAIN message to appear.
Enter the correct passcode. A flash message will advise if the code is
incorrect and allow a retry. If it is correct and the setpoint access
jumper is installed, the SETPOINT ACCESS: Permitted message
appears.
Setpoints can now be entered.
Exit the passcode message with the ESCAPE key and program the
appropriate setpoints.
If no keypress occurs for 30 minutes, access will be disabled and the
passcode must be re-entered. Removing the setpoint access jumper
or setting SETPOINT ACCESS to Restricted also disables setpoint
access immediately.
5.2.2 Preferences
PATH: SETPOINTS S1 489 SETUP PREFERENCES
Some of the 489 characteristics can be modified to suit different situations. Normally the
S1 489 SETUP PREFERENCES setpoints group will not require any changes.
• DEFAULT MESSAGE CYCLE TIME: If multiple default messages are chosen, the display
automatically cycles through these messages. The messages display time can be
changed to accommodate different reading rates.
• DEFAULT MESSAGE TIMEOUT: If no keys are pressed for a period of time then the relay
automatically scans through a programmed set of default messages. This time can be
modified to ensure messages remain on the screen long enough during programming
or reading of actual values.
• PARAMETER AVERAGES CALCULATION PERIOD: The period of time over which the
parameter averages are calculated may be adjusted with this setpoint. The
calculation is a sliding window.
• TEMPERATURE DISPLAY: Measurements of temperature may be displayed in either
Celsius or Fahrenheit. Each actual value temperature message will be denoted by
either °C for Celsius or °F for Fahrenheit. RTD setpoints are always displayed in Celsius.
• WAVEFORM TRIGGER: The trigger setpoint allows the user to adjust how many pre-
trip and post-trip cycles are stored in the waveform memory when a trip occurs. A
value of 25%, for example, when the WAVEFORM MEMORY BUFFER is “7 x 16" cycles,
would produce a waveform of 4 pre-trip cycles and 12 post-trip cycles.
• WAVEFORM MEMORY BUFFER: Selects the partitioning of the waveform memory. The
first number indicates the number of events and the second number, the number of
cycles. The relay captures 12 samples per cycle. When more waveform captures occur
than the available storage, the oldest data will be discarded.
5.2.3 Communications
Serial Communications
The following setpoints appear when the relay is ordered with the regular enhanced (E)
option.
PATH: SETPOINTS S1 489 SETUP COMMUNICATIONS
The 489 is equipped with 3 independent serial communications ports supporting a subset
of Modbus RTU protocol. The front panel RS232 has a fixed baud rate of 9600 and a fixed
data frame of 1 start/8 data/1stop/no parity. The front port is intended for local use only
and will respond regardless of the slave address programmed. The front panel RS232
program port may be connected to a personal computer running the EnerVista 489 Setup
software. This program may be used for downloading and uploading setpoint files, viewing
measured parameters, and upgrading the 489 firmware to the latest revision.
For RS485 communications, each relay must have a unique address from 1 to 254. Address
0 is the broadcast address monitored by all relays. Addresses do not have to be sequential
but no two units can have the same address or errors will occur. Generally, each unit
added to the link will use the next higher address starting at 1. Baud rates can be selected
as 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, or 19200. The data frame is fixed at 1 start, 8 data, and 1
stop bits, while parity is optional. The computer RS485 port is a general purpose port for
connection to a DCS, PLC, or PC. The Auxiliary RS485 port may also be used as another
general purpose port or it may be used to talk to Auxiliary GE Multilin devices in the future.
Ethernet Communications
The following setpoints appear when the relay is ordered with the Ethernet (T) option.
PATH: SETPOINTS S1 489 SETUP COMMUNICATIONS
The IP addresses are used with the Modbus protocol. Enter the dedicated IP, subnet IP, and
gateway IP addresses provided by the network administrator.
To ensure optimal response from the relay, the typical connection timeout should be set as
indicated in the following table:
TCP/IP sessions Timeout setting
up to 2 2 seconds
up to 4 3 seconds
NOTE
REAL TIME [] DATE (MM, DD, YYYY): Range: 01/01/2001 to 12/31/2099
CLOCK 01/01/2001
TIME (HH.MM.SS): Range: 00:00:00 to 23:59:59
MESSAGE
12:00:00
IRIG-B SIGNAL TYPE: Range: None, DC Shift, Amplitude
MESSAGE Modulated
NONE
For events that are recorded by the event recorder to be correctly time/date stamped, the
correct time and date must be entered. A supercap-backed internal clock runs
continuously even when power is off. With control power off the clock continues to run for
45 days. The clock is accurate to ±5 minutes per month. It must be periodically corrected
either manually through the front panel or via the clock update command over the RS485
serial link. If the approximate time an event occurred without synchronization to other
relays is sufficient, then entry of time/date from the front panel keys is adequate.
If the RS485 serial communication link is used then all the relays can keep time in
synchronization with each other. A new clock time is pre-loaded into the memory map via
the RS485 communications port by a remote computer to each relay connected on the
communications channel. The computer broadcasts (address 0) a “set clock” command to
all relays. Then all relays in the system begin timing at the exact same instant. There can
be up to 100 ms of delay in receiving serial commands so the clock time in each relay is
±100 ms, ± the absolute clock accuracy in the PLC or PC. See the chapter on
Communications for information on programming the time preload and synchronizing
commands.
An IRIG-B signal receiver may be connected to 489 units with hardware revision G or
higher. The relay will continuously decode the time signal and set its internal time
correspondingly. The “signal type” setpoint must be set to match the signal provided by the
receiver.
The 489 displays default messages after a period of keypad inactivity. Up to 20 default
messages can be selected for display. If more than one message is chosen, they will
automatically scroll at a rate determined by the S1 489 SETUP PREFERENCES DEFAULT
MESSAGE CYCLE TIME setpoint. Any actual value can be selected for display. In addition, up
to 5 user-programmable messages can be created and displayed with the message
scratchpad. For example, the relay could be set to alternately scan a generator
identification message, the current in each phase, and the hottest stator RTD. Currently
selected default messages can be viewed in DEFAULT MESSAGES subgroup.
Default messages can be added to the end of the default message list, as follows:
Enter the correct passcode at S1 489 SETUP PASSCODE ENTER
PASSCODE FOR ACCESS to allow setpoint entry (unless it has already
been entered or is “0”, defeating the passcode security feature).
Select the message to be add to the default message list using the
MESSAGE keys.
The selected message can be any actual value or message
scratchpad message.
Press ENTER.
The PRESS [ENTER] TO ADD DEFAULT MESSAGES message will
be displayed for 5 seconds:
Press ENTER again while this message is displayed to add the
current message to the end of the default message list.
If the procedure was followed correctly, the DEFAULT MESSAGE HAS BEEN
ADDED flash message is displayed:
To verify that the message was added, view the last message under
the S1 489 SETUP DEFAULT MESSAGES menu.
Default messages can be removed from the default message list, as follows:
Enter the correct passcode at S1 489 SETUP PASSCODE ENTER
PASSCODE FOR ACCESS to allow setpoint entry (unless the passcode
has already been entered or unless the passcode is “0” defeating the
passcode security feature).
Select the message to remove from the default message list under
the S1 489 SETUP DEFAULT MESSAGES menu.
Select the default message to remove and press ENTER.
The relay will display PRESS [ENTER] TO REMOVE MESSAGE.
Press ENTER while this message is displayed to remove the current
message out of the default message list.
If the procedure was followed correctly, the DEFAULT MESSAGE HAS BEEN
REVOVED flash message is displayed.
Up to 5 message screens can be programmed under the message scratchpad area. These
messages may be notes that pertain to the installation of the generator. In addition, these
notes may be selected for scanning during default message display. This might be useful
for reminding operators to perform certain tasks. The messages may be entered from the
communications ports or through the keypad. To enter a 40 character message:
Select the user message to be changed.
Press the decimal [.] key to enter text mode.
An underscore cursor will appear under the first character.
Use the VALUE keys to display the desired character.
A space is selected like a character.
Press the [.] key to advance to the next character.
To skip over a character press the [.] key.
If an incorrect character is accidentally stored, press the [.] key
enough times to scroll the cursor around to the character.
When the desired message is displayed press the ENTER key to
store or the ESCAPE key to abort.
The message is now permanently stored.
Press ESCAPE to cancel the altered message.
The NEUTRAL VT RATIO setpoint is seen only if NEUTRAL VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER setpoint is
Note
“Yes”.
NOTE
The voltage transformer connections and turns ratio are entered here. The VT should be
selected such that the secondary phase-phase voltage of the VTs is between 70.0 and
135.0 V when the primary is at generator rated voltage.
The Neutral VT ratio must be entered here for voltage measurement across the neutral
grounding device. Note that the neutral VT input is not intended to be used at continuous
voltages greater than 240 V. If the voltage across the neutral input is less than 240 V during
fault conditions, an auxiliary voltage transformer is not required. If this is not the case, use
an auxiliary VT to drop the fault voltage below 240 V. The NEUTRAL VT RATIO entered must
be the total effective ratio of the grounding transformer and any auxiliary step up or step
down VT.
For example, if the distribution transformer ratio is 13200:480 and the auxiliary VT ratio is
600:120, the NEUTRAL VT RATIO setpoint is calculated as:
NEUTRAL VT RATIO = Distribution Transformer Ratio × Auxiliary VT Ratio : 1
13200 600 (EQ 0.1)
= --------------- × --------- : 1 = 137.50 : 1
480 120
Therefore, set NEUTRAL VT RATIO to 137.50:1
As a safeguard, when a unit is received from the factory, the PHASE CT PRIMARY and
Generator Parameters setpoints will be defaulted to “--------”, indicating they are not
programmed. The 489 indicates that it was never programmed. Once these values are
entered, the 489 will be in service. All elements associated with power quantities are
programmed in per unit values calculated from the rated MVA and power factor. The
generator full load amps (FLA) is calculated as
Generator Rated MVA
Generator FLA = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (EQ 0.2)
3 × Generator Rated Phase-Phase Voltage
All voltage protection features that require a level setpoint are programmed in per unit of
the rated generator phase-phase voltage.The nominal system frequency must be entered
here. This setpoint allows the 489 to determine the internal sampling rate for maximum
accuracy. If the sequence of phase rotation for a given system is ACB rather than the
standard ABC, the system phase sequence setpoint may be used to accommodate this
rotation. This setpoint allows the 489 to properly calculate phase reversal and negative
sequence quantities.
If enabled, this feature will allow the user to initiate a generator startup or shutdown via
the RS232/RS485 communication ports. Refer to GE publication number GEK-106495: 489
Communications Guide for command formats. When a startup command is issued, the
auxiliary relay(s) assigned for starting control will be activated for 1 second to initiate
startup. When a stop command is issued, the assigned relay(s) will be activated for 1
second to initiate a shutdown.
5.4.1 Description
The 489 has nine (9) digital inputs for use with external contacts. Two of the 489 digital
inputs have been pre-assigned as inputs having a specific function. The Access Switch
does not have any setpoint messages associated with it. The Breaker Status input, may be
configured for either an 'a' or 'b' auxiliary contact. The remaining seven digital inputs are
assignable; that is to say, each input may be assigned to any of a number of different
functions. Some of those functions are very specific, others may be programmed to adapt
to user requirements.
Terminals C1 and C2 must be shorted to allow changing of any setpoint values from the
front panel keypad. This safeguard is in addition to the setpoint passcode feature, which
functions independently (see the S1 489 SETUP PASSCODE menu). The access switch has no
effect on setpoint programming from the RS232 and RS485 serial communications ports.
This input is necessary for all installations. The 489 determines when the generator is
online or offline based on the Breaker Status input. Once 'Breaker Auxiliary a' is chosen,
terminals C3 and C4 will be monitored to detect the state of the machine main breaker,
open signifying the breaker is open and shorted signifying the breaker is closed. Once
“Breaker Auxiliary b” is chosen, terminals C3 and C4 will be monitored to detect the state of
the breaker, shorted signifying the breaker is open and open signifying the breaker is
closed.
If an input is assigned to the Tachometer function, it may not be assigned via the ASSIGN
Note
Inputs may be configured for control, alarm, or trip. If the control feature is enabled, the
assigned output relay(s) operate when the input is asserted. If the PULSED CONTROL RELAY
DWELL TIME is set to “0”, the output relay(s) operate only while the input is asserted.
However, if a dwell time is assigned, the output relay(s) operate as soon as the input is
asserted for a period of time specified by the setpoint. If an alarm or trip is enabled and the
input is asserted, an alarm or trip will occur after the specified delay.
REMOTE RESET [] ASSIGN DIGITAL Range: None, Input 1, Input 2, Input 3,
INPUT: None Input 4, Input 5, Input 6, Input 7
Once an input is assigned to the Remote Reset function, shorting that input will reset any
latched trips or alarms that may be active, provided that any thermal lockout time has
expired and the condition that caused the alarm or trip is no longer present.
If an input is assigned to the tachometer function, it may not be used here.
TEST INPUT [] ASSIGN DIGITAL Range: None, Input 1, Input 2, Input 3,
INPUT: None Input 4, Input 5, Input 6, Input 7
Once the 489 is in service, it may be tested from time to time as part of a regular
maintenance schedule. The unit will have accumulated statistical information relating
historically to generator and breaker operation. This information includes: last trip data,
peak demand data, MWh and Mvarh metering, parameter averages, RTD maximums,
analog input minimums and maximums, number of trips, number of trips by type, number
of breaker operations, the number of thermal resets, total generator running hours, and
the event record. When the unit is under test and one of the inputs is assigned to the Test
Input function, shorting that input will prevent all of this data from being corrupted or
updated.
If an input is assigned to the tachometer function, it may not be used here.
THERMAL RESET [] ASSIGN DIGITAL Range: None, Input 1, Input 2, Input 3,
INPUT: None Input 4, Input 5, Input 6, Input 7
During testing or in an emergency, it may be desirable to reset the thermal memory used
to zero. If an input is assigned to the Thermal Reset function, shorting that input will reset
the thermal memory used to zero. All Thermal Resets will be recorded as events.
If an input is assigned to the tachometer function, it may not be used here.
2 SETPOINTS []
2 SETPOINTS [] 2 SETPOINTS [] 2 SETPOINTS [] 2 SETPOINTS []
S8 RTD TEMPERA-
S5 CURRENT ELEM. S6 VOLTAGE ELEM. S7 POWER ELEMENTS S9 THERMAL MODEL
TURE
2 OVERCURRENT [] 2 UNDERVOLTAGE [] 2 REACTIVE [] 2 RTD [] 2 MODEL []
ALARM POWER TYPES SETUP
2 OFFLINE [] 2 OVERVOLTAGE [] 2 REVERSE [] 2 RTD #1 [] 2 THERMAL []
OVERCURRENT POWER ELEMENTS
2 NEUTRAL []
2 PHASE []
OVERVOLTAGE
DIFFERENTIAL
(Fund)
2 NEUTRAL U/
2 GROUND []
V []
DIRECTIONAL
(3rd HARMONIC)
2 DISTANCE []
ELEMENT
The active group can be selected using the ACTIVATE SETPOINT GROUP setpoint or the
assigned digital input (shorting that input will activate the alternate set of protection
setpoints, Group 2). In the event of a conflict between the ACTIVATE SETPOINT GROUP
setpoint or the assigned digital input, Group 2 will be activated. The LED indicator on the
faceplate of the 489 will indicate when the alternate setpoints are active in the protection
scheme. Changing the active setpoint group will be logged as an event. Independently, the
setpoints in either group can be viewed and/or edited using the EDIT SETPOINT GROUP
setpoint. Headers for each setpoint message subgroup that has dual settings will be
denoted by a superscript number indicating which setpoint group is being viewed or
edited. Also, when a setpoint that has dual settings is stored, the flash message that
appears will indicate which setpoint group setting has been changed.
of 2% rated CT primary. If the level for reverse power is set below that level, a trip will only
NOTE
occur once the phase current exceeds the 2% cutoff.
Users are cautioned that a reverse power element may not provide reliable indication
when set to a very low setting, particularly under conditions of large reactive loading on
the generator. Under such conditions, low forward power is a more reliable element.
5.4.9 Field-Breaker
PATH: SETPOINTS S3 DIGITAL INPUTS FIELD-BREAKER DISCREPANCY
5.4.10 Tachometer
PATH: SETPOINTS S3 DIGITAL INPUTS TACHOMETER
For example, an inductive proximity probe or hall effect gear tooth sensor may be used to
sense the key on the generator. The probe could be powered from the +24V from the digital
input power supply. The NPN transistor output could be taken to one of the assignable
digital inputs assigned to the tachometer function.
5.5.1 Description
Five of the six output relays are always non-failsafe; the 6 Service relay is always failsafe.
As a failsafe, the 6 Service relay will be energized normally and de-energize when called
upon to operate. It will also de-energize when control power to the 489 is lost and
therefore, be in its operated state. All other relays, being non-failsafe, will be de-energized
normally and energize when called upon to operate. Obviously, when control power is lost
to the 489, the output relays must be de-energized and therefore, they will be in their non-
operated state. Shorting bars in the drawout case ensure that when the 489 is drawn out,
no trip or alarm occurs. The 6 Service output will however indicate that the 489 has been
drawn out.
Unlatched trips and alarms will reset automatically once the condition is no longer
present. Latched trip and alarm features may be reset at any time, providing that the
condition that caused the trip or alarm is no longer present and any lockout time has
expired. If any condition may be reset, the Reset Possible LED will be lit. The relays may be
programmed to All Resets which allows reset from the front keypad or the remote reset
digital input or the communications port. Optionally, they may be programmed to reset by
the Remote Reset Only (by the remote reset digital input or the communications port).
For example, selected trips such as Instantaneous Overcurrent and Ground Fault may be
assigned to output relay 2 so that they may only be reset via. the Remote Reset digital
input or the communication port. The Remote Reset terminals would be connected to a
keyswitch so that only authorized personnel could reset such a critical trip.
Assign only Short Circuit and Ground Fault to relay 2.
Program relay 2 to Remote Reset Only.
Description
The 489 inverse time overcurrent curves may be either ANSI, IEC, or GE Type IAC standard
curve shapes. This allows for simplified coordination with downstream devices. If however,
none of these curve shapes is adequate, the FlexCurve™ may be used to customize the
inverse time curve characteristics. Definite time is also an option that may be appropriate
if only simple protection is required.
A multiplier setpoint allows selection of a multiple of the base curve shape that is selected
with the curve shape setpoint. Unlike the electromechanical time dial equivalent, trip times
are directly proportional to the time multiplier setting value. For example, all trip times for a
multiplier of 10 are 10 times the multiplier 1 or base curve values. Setting the multiplier to
zero results in an instantaneous response to all current levels above pickup.
Regardless of the trip time that results from the curve multiplier setpoint, the 489
Note
cannot trip any quicker than one to two cycles plus the operate time of the output
NOTE
relay.
Time overcurrent tripping time calculations are made with an internal “energy capacity”
memory variable. When this variable indicates that the energy capacity has reached
100%, a time overcurrent trip is generated. If less than 100% is accumulated in this
variable and the current falls below the dropout threshold of 97 to 98% of the pickup value,
the variable must be reduced. Two methods of this resetting operation are available,
“Instantaneous” and “Linear”. The Instantaneous selection is intended for applications with
other relays, such as most static units, which set the energy capacity directly to zero when
the current falls below the reset threshold. The Linear selection can be used where the 489
must coordinate with electromechanical units. With this setting, the energy capacity
variable is decremented according to the following equation.
E × M × CR
T RESET = -------------------------- (EQ 0.3)
100
where: TRESET = reset time in seconds
E = energy capacity reached (in %)
M = curve multiplier
CR= characteristic constant (5 for ANSI, IAC, Definite Time and FlexCurves™, 8 for
IEC curves)
ANSI Curves
The ANSI time overcurrent curve shapes conform to industry standard curves and fit into
the ANSI C37.90 curve classifications for extremely, very, normally, and moderately
inverse. The 489 ANSI curves are derived from the formula:
B D E
T = M × A + ------------------------------------ + ------------------------------------------- + ------------------------------------------- (EQ 0.4)
( I ⁄ I pickup ) – C ( ( I ⁄ I pickup ) – C ) 2 3
( ( I ⁄ I pickup ) – C )
A B C D E
IEC Curves
For European applications, the relay offers the four standard curves defined in IEC 255-4
and British standard BS142. These are defined as IEC Curve A, IEC Curve B, IEC Curve C, and
Short Inverse. The formula for these curves is:
K
T = M × -------------------------------------
- (EQ 0.5)
E
( I ⁄ I pickup ) – 1
K E
IAC Curves
The curves for the General Electric type IAC relay family are derived from the formula:
B D E
T = M × A + ------------------------------------ + ------------------------------------------- + ------------------------------------------- (EQ 0.6)
( I ⁄ I ) C 2 3
pickup – ( ( I ⁄ I pickup ) – C ) ( ( I ⁄ I pickup ) – C )
A B C D E
FlexCurve™
The custom FlexCurve™ has setpoints for entering times to trip at the following current
levels: 1.03, 1.05, 1.1 to 6.0 in steps of 0.1 and 6.5 to 20.0 in steps of 0.5. The relay then
converts these points to a continuous curve by linear interpolation between data points. To
enter a custom FlexCurve™, read off each individual point from a time overcurrent
coordination drawing and enter it into a table as shown. Then transfer each individual
point to the 489 using either the EnerVista 489 Setup software or the front panel keys and
display.
If enabled as Latched or Unlatched, the Overcurrent Alarm will function as follows: If the
average generator current (RMS) measured at the output CTs exceeds the level
programmed for the period of time specified, an alarm will occur. If programmed as
unlatched, the alarm will reset itself when the overcurrent condition is no longer present. If
programmed as latched, once the overcurrent condition is gone, the reset key must be
pressed to reset the alarm. The generator FLA is calculated as:
Generator Rated MVA
Generator FLA = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (EQ 0.8)
3 × Generator Rated Phase-Phase Voltage
If the unit auxiliary transformer is on the generator side of the breaker, the pickup level
Note
The logic diagram for the inadvertent energization protection feature is shown below. The
feature may be armed when all of the phase voltages fall below the undervoltage pickup
level and the unit is offline. This would be the case when the VTs are on the generator side
of the disconnect device. If however, the VTs are on the power system side of the
disconnect device, the feature should be armed if all of the phase voltages fall below the
undervoltage pickup level or the unit is offline. When the feature is armed, if any one of the
phase currents measured at the output CTs exceeds the overcurrent level programmed, a
trip will occur.
NOTE
Protection can be provided for poor synchronization by using the “U/V or Offline” arming
signal. During normal synchronization, there should be relatively low current measured. If
however, synchronization is attempted when conditions are not appropriate, a large
current that is measured within 250 ms after the generator is placed online would result in
a trip.
OR
AND
Arming Signal = U/V or Offline
808731A1.CDR
If the primary system protection fails to properly isolate phase faults, the voltage
restrained overcurrent acts as system backup protection. The magnitude of each phase
current measured at the output CTs is used to time out against an inverse time curve. The
489 inverse time curve for this element may be either ANSI, IEC, or GE Type IAC standard
curve shapes. This allows for simplified coordination with downstream devices. If these
curve shapes are not adequate, FlexCurves™ may be used to customize the inverse time
curve characteristics.
The voltage restraint feature lowers the pickup value of each phase time overcurrent
element in a fixed relationship (see figure below) with the corresponding input voltage to a
minimum pickup of 0.15 × CT. The VOLTAGE LOWER LIMIT setpoint prevents very rapid
tripping prior to primary protection clearing a fault when voltage restraint is enabled and
severe close-in fault has occurred. If voltage restraint is not required, select “No” for this
setpoint. If the VT type is selected as “None” or a VT fuse loss is detected, the voltage
restraint is ignored and the element operates as simple phase overcurrent.
A fuse failure is detected within 99 ms; therefore, any voltage restrained overcurrent trip
Note
should have a time delay of 100 ms or more or nuisance tripping on fuse loss could occur.
NOTE
For example, to determine the voltage restrained phase overcurrent pickup level under the
following situation:
• PHASE OVERCURRENT PICKUP: “2.00 × CT”
The 489 phase overcurrent restraint voltages and restraint characteristic are shown below.
Unusually high negative sequence current levels may be caused by incorrect phase CT
Note
wiring.
NOTE
808791A2.CDR
The 489 ground overcurrent feature consists of both an alarm and a trip element. The
magnitude of measured ground current is used to time out against the definite time alarm
or inverse time curve trip. The 489 inverse time curve for this element may be either ANSI,
IEC, or GE Type IAC standard curve shapes. This allows for simplified coordination with
downstream devices. If however, none of these curves shapes is adequate, the FlexCurve™
may be used to customize the inverse time curve characteristics. If the Ground CT is
selected as “None”, the ground overcurrent protection is disabled.
The pickup level for ground current elements is programmable as a multiple of the CT.
Note
The 50:0.025 CT is intended for very sensitive detection of ground faults. When used
NOTE
with SR489 for ground current input, nominal CT is 5 : 0.0025. That is, 1.0 x CT
represents 5 A on the primary winding.
For example, a pickup to 0.2 x CT translates into 0.2 x 0.0025 A = 0.5 mA secondary on
the terminals of the sensitive ground CT, with a relay measuring 0.2 x 5 A = 1 A primary.
A pickup setting of 0.05 x CT would lead to 0.05 x 0.0025 A = 0.125 mA secondary, or
0.05 x 5 A = 0. 25 A primary current.
The 489 differential element consists of the well known, dual slope, percent restraint
characteristic. A differential signal is derived from the phasor sum of the currents on either
side of the machine. A restraint signal is derived from the average of the magnitudes of
these two currents. An internal flag (DIFF) is asserted when the differential signal crosses
the operating characteristic as defined by the magnitude of the restraint signal. The DIFF
flag produces a relay operation.
External faults near generators typically result in very large time constants of dc
components in the fault currents. This creates a real danger of CT saturation.
The external fault currents will be large and the CTs will initially reproduce the fault current
without distortion. Consequently the relay will see a large restraint signal coupled with a
small differential signal. This condition is used as an indication of the possible onset of ac
saturation of the CTs.
Magnetizing Inrush current due to the energizing of a step-up transformer or a sudden
change of load, could cause a large dc offset on even very small currents that would
saturate poor quality or mismatched CTs within a few power system cycles.
In order to provide additional security against maloperations during these events, an
internal flag, SC, is set when either an ac or a dc saturation condition is indicated. Once the
SC flag has been set, a comparison of the phase angles of the currents on either side of the
generator is carried out. An external fault is inferred if the phase comparison indicates
both currents are flowing in the same direction. An internal fault is inferred if the phase
comparison indicates that the currents are flowing in opposite directions. In this case an
internal flag, DIR, is set.
If the SC flag is not set, then the relay will operate for a DIFF flag alone. If the SC flag is set
then the directional flag supervises the differential flag. The requirement for both the DIFF
flag and the DIR flag during the period where CT saturation is likely therefore enhances the
security of the scheme.
The differential element for phase A will operate when:
I operate > k × I restraint (EQ 5.12)
IA + Ia
I restraint = -------------------- = restraint current (EQ 5.14)
2
k = characteristic slope of the differential element in percent
k = Slope1 if I R < 2 × CT ; k = Slope2 if I R ≥ 2 × CT (EQ 5.15)
Differential elements for phase B and phase C operate in the same manner.
0.9
(multiples of CT)
0.8
0.7
OPERATE Slope 2 = 20%
0.6 REGION
0.5
0.4
OPERATE
0.3
0.2
Slope 1 = 10%
I
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
The SUPERVISE WITH DIGITAL INPUTS setpoint is seen only if a digital input assigned to
Note
The pickup level for the ground current elements is programmed as a multiple of ground
Note
CT. The 50:0.025 CT is intended for measuring very small ground fault currents when
NOTE
connected to a sensitive ground CT having the same ratio.
For example, a pickup to 0.2xCT translates into 0.2x0.0025A = 0.5mA secondary on the
terminals of the sensitive ground CT, with a relay measuring 0.2x5A = 1 A primary. A pickup
setting of 0.05xCT would lead to 0.05x0.0025A = 0.125mA secondary, or 0.05x5A =0. 25A
primary current.
It is strongly recommended not to exceed the CT continuous rating of 150mA for long
periods of time during tests.
AUXILIARY
CONTACT
GROUNDING SWITCH
C(B) C(B)
A A
59G
B(C) B(C)
I0
TO Vneutral OF EACH 489 TO 50:0.025
50:0.025 GROUND
INPUTS
808812A3.CDR
If any individual phase current exceeds the pickup level for the specified trip time a trip will
occur if the feature is enabled. The element operates in both online and offline conditions.
This element can be used as a backup feature to other protection elements. In situations
where generators are connected in parallel this element would be set above the maximum
current contribution from the generator on which the protection is installed. With this
setting, the element would provide proper selective tripping. The basic operating time of
the element with no time delay is 50 ms at 50/60 Hz.
5.7.1 Undervoltage
PATH: SETPOINTS S6 VOLTAGE ELEM. UNDERVOLTAGE
The undervoltage elements may be used for protection of the generator and/or its
auxiliary equipment during prolonged undervoltage conditions. They are active only when
the generator is online. The alarm element is definite time and the trip element can be
definite time or a curve. When the magnitude of the average phase-phase voltage is less
than the pickup × the generator rated phase-phase voltage, the element will begin to time
out. If the time expires, a trip or alarm will occur.
The curve reset rate is a linear reset time from the threshold of trip. If the VT type is
selected as None, VT fuse loss is detected, or the magnitude of I1< 7.5% CT, the
undervoltage protection is disabled. The pickup levels are insensitive to frequency over the
range of 5 to 90 Hz.
The formula for the undervoltage curve is:
D
T = ---------------------------------- , when V < V pickup (EQ 5.18)
1 – V ⁄ V pickup
1000 10
100 1
10
0.1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
5.7.2 Overvoltage
PATH: SETPOINTS S6 VOLTAGE ELEM. OVERVOLTAGE
The overvoltage elements may be used for protection of the generator and/or its auxiliary
equipment during prolonged overvoltage conditions. They are always active (when the
generator is offline or online). The alarm element is definite time and the trip element can
be either definite time or an inverse time curve. When the average of the measured phase-
phase voltages rises above the pickup level x the generator rated phase-phase voltage,
the element will begin to time out. If the time expires, a trip or alarm will occur. The reset
rate is a linear reset time from the threshold of trip. The pickup levels are insensitive to
frequency over the range of 5 to 90 Hz.
The formula for the curve is:
D
T = --------------------------------------- , when V > V pickup (EQ 5.19)
( V ⁄ V pickup ) – 1
1000
100
Time to Trip (seconds)
10 10
1 1
0.3
0.1 0.1
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
Multiples of Overvoltage Pickup
808741A1.CDR
5.7.3 Volts/Hertz
PATH: SETPOINTS S6 VOLTAGE ELEM. VOLTS/HERTZ
The Volts Per Hertz elements may be used generator and unit transformer protection. They
are active as soon as the magnitude and frequency of Vab is measurable. The alarm
element is definite time; the trip element can be definite time or a curve. Once the V/Hz
measurement Vab exceeds the pickup level for the specified time, a trip or alarm will occur.
The reset rate is a linear reset time from the threshold of trip and should be set to match
cooling characteristics of the protected equipment. The measurement of V/Hz will be
accurate through a frequency range of 5 to 90 Hz. Settings less than 1.00 only apply for
special generators such as short circuit testing machines.
The formula for Volts/Hertz Curve 1 is:
D V
- , when --- > Pickup
T = ------------------------------------------------------------------ (EQ 5.20)
V⁄F
------------------------------------------------- 2 F
- –1
( V nom ⁄ F s ) × Pickup
The V/Hz Curve 1 trip curves are shown below for delay settings of 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10
seconds.
1000
100
10
0.1 0.3
0.1
0.01
1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Multiples of Volts/Hertz Pickup
808743A1-X1.CDR
1000
100
Time to Trip (seconds)
10 10
TIME DELAY SETTING
1 1
0.3
0.1 0.1
1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Multiples of Volts/Hertz Pickup
808743A1-X2.CDR
1000
Time to Trip (seconds)
100
10
1
1
0.3
0.1
0.1
1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Multiples of Voltz/Hertz Pickup
808743A1-X3.CDR
The 489 can detect the phase rotation of the three phase voltages. A trip will occur within
200 ms if the Phase Reversal feature is turned on, the generator is offline, each of the
phase-phase voltages is greater than 50% of the generator rated phase-phase voltage
and the phase rotation is not the same as the setpoint. Loss of VT fuses cannot be
detected when the generator is offline and could lead to maloperation of this element. If
the VT type is selected as “None”, the phase reversal protection is disabled.
5.7.5 Underfrequency
PATH: SETPOINTS S6 VOLTAGE ELEM. UNDERFREQUENCY
It may be undesirable to enable the underfrequency elements until the generator is online.
This feature can be blocked until the generator is online and the block time expires. From
that point forward, the underfrequency trip and alarm elements will be active. A value of
zero for the block time indicates that the underfrequency protection is active as soon as
voltage exceeds the cutoff level (programmed as a multiple of the generator rated phase-
phase voltage). Frequency is then measured. Once the frequency of Vab is less than the
underfrequency setpoints, for the period of time specified, a trip or alarm will occur. There
are dual level and time setpoints for the trip element.
5.7.6 Overfrequency
PATH: SETPOINTS S6 VOLTAGE ELEM. OVERFREQUENCY
It may be undesirable to enable the overfrequency elements until the generator is online.
This feature can be blocked until the generator is online and the block time expires. From
that point forward, the overfrequency trip and alarm elements will be active. A value of
zero for the block time indicates that the overfrequency protection is active as soon as
voltage exceeds the cutoff level (programmed as a multiple of the generator rated phase-
phase voltage). Frequency is then measured. Once the frequency of Vab exceeds the
overfrequency setpoints, for the period of time specified, a trip or alarm will occur. There
are dual level and time setpoints for the trip element.
The SUPERVISE WITH DIGITAL INPUT setpoint is seen only if a digital input assigned to
Note
1000
100
1 1
0.3
0.1 0.1
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
Multiples of Overvoltage Pickup
808741A1.CDR
AUXILIARY CONTACT
TO DIGITAL INPUT FOR
NEUTRAL O/V SUPERVISION
GROUNDING SWITCH
C(B) C(B)
A A
59G
B(C) B(C)
GENERATOR 1 GENERATOR 2
808816A3.CDR
If the ground directional element is enabled, the Neutral Overvoltage element should be
Note
coordinated with it. In cases of paralleled generator grounds through the same point, with
NOTE
individual ground switches, per sketch below, it is recommended to use a ground switch
status function to prevent maloperation of the element.
1 NEUTRAL U/V [] LOW POWER BLOCKING Range: 0.02 to 0.99 × Rated MW in
(3rd HARMONIC) LEVEL: 0.05 x Rated MW steps of 0.01
The LOW POWER BLOCKING LEVEL , NEUTRAL U/V ALARM LEVEL , and NEUTRAL U/V TRIP
Note
LEVEL setpoints are seen only if the S2 SYSTEM SETUP VOLTAGE VT CONNECTION
NOTE
setpoint is “Delta”
The neutral undervoltage function responds to 3rd harmonic voltage measured at the
generator neutral and output terminals. When used in conjunction with the Neutral
Overvoltage (fundamental frequency) function, it provides 100% ground fault protection of
the stator windings.
For Wye connected VTs:
Since the amount of third harmonic voltage that appears in the neutral is both load and
machine dependent, the protection method of choice is an adaptive method. If the phase
VT connection is wye, the following formula is used to create an adaptive neutral
undervoltage pickup level based on the amount of third harmonic that appears at the
generator terminals.
V N3
- ≤ 0.15 which simplifies to V P3 ≥ 17V N3
----------------------------------- (EQ 5.24)
( V P3 ⁄ 3 ) + V N3
The 489 tests the following permissives prior to testing the basic operating equation to
ensure that VN3’ should be of a measurable magnitude for an unfaulted generator:
Neutral VT Ratio
V P3 ′ > 0.25 V and V P3 ′ ≥ Threshold × 17 × ---------------------------------------- (EQ 5.25)
Phase VT Ratio
where: VN3 = magnitude of the third harmonic voltage at generator neutral;
VP3 = magnitude of the third harmonic voltage at the generator terminals
VP3´ = VT secondary magnitude of the third harmonic voltage measured at the
generator terminals;
VN3´ = VT sec. magnitude of 3rd harmonic voltage at generator neutral;
Threshold = 0.15 V for the alarm element and 0.1875 V for the trip element
For Open Delta connected VTs:
If the phase VT connection is open delta, it is not possible to measure the third harmonic
voltages at the generator terminals and a simple third harmonic neutral undervoltage
element is used. The level is programmable in terms of Neutral VT secondary voltage. In
order to prevent nuisance tripping at low load or low generator voltages, two blocking
functions are provided. They apply to both the alarm and trip functions. When used as a
simple undervoltage element, settings should be based on measured 3rd harmonic
neutral voltage of the healthy machine.
This method of using 3rd harmonic voltages to detect stator ground faults near the
Note
generator neutral has proved feasible on generators with unit transformers. Its usefulness
NOTE
in other generator applications is unknown.
The VOLTAGE LEVEL setpoint is seen only if ENABLE VOLTAGE SUPERVISION is set to “Yes”.
Note
NOTE
Loss of excitation is detected with an impedance element. When the impedance falls
within the impedance circle for the specified delay time, a trip will occur if it is enabled.
Circles 1 and/or 2 can be tuned to a particular system. The larger circle diameter should be
set to the synchronous reactance of the generator, xd, and the circle offset to the
generator transient reactance x’d / 2. Typically the smaller circle (if used) is set to minimum
time with a diameter set to 0.7xd and an offset of x’d / 2. This feature is blocked if voltage
supervision is enabled and the generator voltage is above the VOLTAGE LEVEL setpoint.
The trip feature is supervised by minimum current of 0.05 × CT. Note that the Loss of
Excitation element will be blocked if there is a VT fuse failure or if the generator is offline.
Also, it uses output CT inputs.
The secondary phase-phase loss of excitation impedance is defined as:
V AB
Z loe = -------------- = M loe ∠θ loe (EQ 5.26)
IA – IB
All relay quantities are in terms of secondary impedances. The formula to convert primary
impedance quantities to secondary impedance quantities is provided below.
Z primary × CT Ratio
Z sec ondary = ------------------------------------------------ (EQ 5.27)
VT Ratio
where: Zprimary= primary ohms impedance;
CT Ratio = programmed CT ratio,
if CT ratio is 1200:5 use a value of 1200 / 5 = 240;
VT Ratio = programmed VT ratio, if VT ratio is 100:1 use a value of 100
The distance protection function (ANSI device 21) implements two zones of mho phase-to-
phase distance protection (six elements total) using the conventional phase comparator
approach, with the polarizing voltage derived from the pre-fault positive sequence voltage
of the protected loop. This protection is intended as backup for the primary line protection.
The elements make use of the neutral-end current signals and the generator terminal
voltage signals (see figure below), thus providing some protection for internal and unit
transformer faults. In systems with a delta-wye transformer (DY330°), the appropriate
transformations of voltage and current signals are implemented internally to allow proper
detection of transformer high-side phase-to-phase faults. The reach setting is the positive
sequence impedance to be covered, per phase, expressed in secondary ohms. The same
transformation shown for the Loss of Excitation element can be used to calculate the
desired settings as functions of the primary-side impedances.
The elements have a basic operating time of 150 ms. A VT fuse failure could cause a
maloperation of a distance element unless the element is supervised by the VTFF element.
In order to prevent nuisance tripping the elements require a minimum phase current of
0.05 x CT.
Protection Zone 1
Protection Zone 2
Neutral End CT
52
Terminal VT
489
Relay
808740A1.CDR
The 489 phase distance element is intended to provide backup protection for phase-to-
phase faults on the electric power system. This element uses the phase-to-phase voltage
measured at the generator terminals and phase currents measured at the neutral side of
the generator. As such this element will provide coverage for the generator step-up
transformer and will also provide a degree of protection for stator phase-to-phase faults.
The element has a offset mho characteristic as shown in FIGURE 5–12: Distance Element
Characteristics on page –59. Offset in the third quadrant is 1/8th of the forward reach to
provide better resistive fault coverage for close-in faults. The element provides a separate
measurement in three loops for AB, BC, and CA faults. There is a setting for specification of
the step-up transformer connection. If this setting is chosen as “None”, then it is assumed
that the transformer is Wye-Wye connected or that there is no step-up transformer. In this
case the element will use the following operating quantities.
If this setting is chosen as “Delta/Wye” then it is assumed that the transformer is Yd1 or
Yd11. In this case the following operating quantities are used.
The first zone is typically used to provide a backup protection for a step-up transformer
and generator system bus protection (generator impedance should not be included into
reach setting). The reach is set to cover the step-up transformer impedance with some
margin, say 25%. The time delay should be coordinated with step up transformer and bus
backup protection.
The second zone reach is typically set to cover the longest transmission line or feeder
leaving the generating station. Care must be taken for possible under-reaching effects due
to the fault contribution from other lines or generators. The element is intended for backup
protection and therefore time delay should always be included. This element is typically set
to coordinate with the longest operating time of the system distance relays protecting
lines leaving station.
The measuring point of the element is defined by the location of the VT and CT as shown in
FIGURE 5–11: Distance Element Setup on page –57. Therefore, the impedance of the step-
up transformer should be included and the impedance of the generator should not be
included. Care should also be taken to ensure the apparent impedance seen by the
element when the machine is operating at worst-case load and power factor does not
encroach into the operating characteristic. The reach setting is in secondary ohms. The
minimum operating time of the element is 150 ms to coordinate with VTFF operating time
(99 ms).
etting
ZR
Reach s
Characteristic
angle
ZR*0.125
808838A2.CDR
^
I 1
^
I 2
^
I 3
^
I 4
For example, given Rated MVA = 100 MVA and Rated Power Factor = 0.85, we have
–1
Rated Mvars = Rated MVA × sin ( cos ( Rated PF ) )
–1 (EQ 5.28)
= 100 × sin ( cos 0.85 )
= 52.67 Mvars
If enabled, once the magnitude of 3-phase total power exceeds the Pickup Level in the
reverse direction (negative MW) for a period of time specified by the Delay, a trip or alarm
will occur. The level is programmed in per unit of generator rated MW calculated from the
rated MVA and rated power factor. If the generator is accelerated from the power system
rather than the prime mover, the reverse power element may be blocked from start for a
specified period of time. A value of zero for the block time indicates that the reverse power
protection is active as soon as both current and voltage are measured regardless of
whether the generator is online or offline. If the VT type is selected as “None” or VT fuse
loss is detected, the reverse power protection is disabled.
of 2% rated CT primary. If the level for reverse power is set below that level, a trip or alarm
NOTE
will only occur once the phase current exceeds the 2% cutoff.
Users are cautioned that a reverse power element may not provide reliable indication
when set to a very low setting, particularly under conditions of large reactive loading on
the generator. Under such conditions, low forward power is a more reliable element.
1 LOW FORWARD [] BLOCK LOW FWD POWER Range: 0 to 15000 s in steps of 1
POWER FROM ONLINE: 0 s
LOW FORWARD POWER Range: Off, Latched, Unlatched
MESSAGE
ALARM: Off
ASSIGN ALARM Range: Any combination of Relays 2 to
MESSAGE 5
RELAYS (2-5): ---5
LOW FWD POWER ALARM Range: 0.02 to 0.99 × Rated MW in
MESSAGE steps of 0.01
LEVEL: 0.05 x Rated MW
LOW FWD POWER ALARM Range: 0.2 to 120.0 s in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
DELAY: 10.0 s
LOW FWD POWER ALARM Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Off
LOW FORWARD POWER Range: Off, Latched, Unlatched
MESSAGE
TRIP: Off
ASSIGN TRIP Range: Any combination of Relays 1 to
MESSAGE 4
RELAYS (1-4): 1---
LOW FWD POWER TRIP Range: 0.02 to 0.99 × Rated MW in
MESSAGE steps of 0.01
LEVEL: 0.05 x Rated MW
LOW FWD POWER TRIP Range: 0.2 to 120.0 s in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
DELAY: 20.0 s
If enabled, once the magnitude of 3-phase total power in the forward direction (+MW) falls
below the Pickup Level for a period of time specified by the Delay, an alarm will occur. The
level is programmed in per unit of generator rated MW calculated from the rated MVA and
rated power factor. The low forward power element is active only when the generator is
online and will be blocked until the generator is brought online, for a period of time defined
by the setpoint Block Low Fwd Power From Online. The pickup level should be set lower
than expected generator loading during normal operations. If the VT type is selected as
“None” or VT fuse loss is detected, the low forward power protection is disabled.
1 RTD TYPES [] STATOR RTD TYPE: Range: 100 Ohm Platinum, 120 Ohm
100 Ohm Platinum Nickel, 100 Ohm Nickel, 10 Ohm
Copper
BEARING RTD TYPE: Range: as above
MESSAGE
100 Ohm Platinum
AMBIENT RTD TYPE: Range: as above
MESSAGE
100 Ohm Platinum
OTHER RTD TYPE: Range: as above
MESSAGE
100 Ohm Platinum
Each of the twelve RTDs may be configured as None or any one of four application types,
Stator, Bearing, Ambient, or Other. Each of those types may in turn be any one of four
different RTD types: 100 ohm Platinum, 120 ohm Nickel, 100 ohm Nickel, 10 ohm Copper.
The table below lists RTD resistance vs. temperature.
5.9.2 RTDs 1 to 6
PATH: SETPOINTS S8 RTD TEMPERATURE RTD #1(6)
RTDs 1 through 6 default to Stator RTD type. There are individual alarm and trip
configurations for each RTD. This allows one of the RTDs to be turned off if it malfunctions.
The alarm level is normally set slightly above the normal running temperature. The trip
level is normally set at the insulation rating. Trip voting has been added for extra reliability
in the event of RTD malfunction. If enabled, a second RTD must also exceed the trip
temperature of the RTD being checked before a trip will be issued. If the RTD is chosen to
vote with itself, the voting feature is disabled. Each RTD name may be changed if desired.
5.9.3 RTDs 7 to 10
PATH: SETPOINTS S8 RTD TEMPERATURE RTD #7(10)
RTDs 7 through 10 default to Bearing RTD type. There are individual alarm and trip
configurations for each RTD. This allows one of the RTDs to be turned off if it malfunctions.
The alarm level and the trip level are normally set slightly above the normal running
temperature, but below the bearing temperature rating. Trip voting has been added for
extra reliability in the event of RTD malfunction. If enabled, a second RTD must also exceed
the trip temperature of the RTD being checked before a trip will be issued. If the RTD is
chosen to vote with itself, the voting feature is disabled. Each RTD name may be changed if
desired.
5.9.4 RTD 11
PATH: SETPOINTS S8 RTD TEMPERATURE RTD #11
1 RTD #11 [] RTD #11 APPLICATION: Range: Stator, Bearing, Ambient, Other,
Other None
RTD 11 defaults to Other RTD type. The Other selection allows the RTD to be used to
monitor any temperature that might be required, either for a process or additional
bearings or other. There are individual alarm and trip configurations for this RTD. Trip
voting has been added for extra reliability in the event of RTD malfunction. If enabled, a
second RTD must also exceed the trip temperature of the RTD being checked before a trip
will be issued. If the RTD is chosen to vote with itself, the voting feature is disabled. The RTD
name may be changed if desired.
5.9.5 RTD 12
PATH: SETPOINTS S8 RTD TEMPERATURE RTD #12
1 RTD #12 [] RTD #12 APPLICATION: Range: Stator, Bearing, Ambient, Other,
Ambient None
RTDs 12 defaults to Ambient RTD type. The Ambient selection allows the RTD to be used to
monitor ambient temperature. There are individual alarm and trip configurations for this
RTD. Trip voting has been added for extra reliability in the event of RTD malfunction. If
enabled, a second RTD must also exceed the trip temperature of the RTD being checked
before a trip will be issued. If the RTD is chosen to vote with itself, the voting feature is
disabled. The RTD name may be changed if desired.
1 OPEN RTD [] OPEN RTD SENSOR: Range: Off, Latched, Unlatched
SENSOR Off
ASSIGN ALARM Range: Any combination of Relays 2 to
MESSAGE 5
RELAYS (2-5): ---5
OPEN RTD SENSOR Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
ALARM EVENTS: Off
The 489 has an Open RTD Sensor Alarm. This alarm will look at all RTDs that have either an
alarm or trip programmed and determine if an RTD connection has been broken. Any RTDs
that do not have a trip or alarm associated with them will be ignored for this feature. When
a broken sensor is detected, the assigned output relay will operate and a message will
appear on the display identifying the RTD that is broken. It is recommended that if this
feature is used, the alarm be programmed as latched so that intermittent RTDs are
detected and corrective action may be taken.
The 489 has an RTD Short/Low Temperature alarm. This alarm will look at all RTDs that
have either an alarm or trip programmed and determine if an RTD has either a short or a
very low temperature (less than –50°C). Any RTDs that do not have a trip or alarm
associated with them will be ignored for this feature. When a short/low temperature is
detected, the assigned output relay will operate and a message will appear on the display
identifying the RTD that caused the alarm. It is recommended that if this feature is used,
the alarm be programmed as latched so that intermittent RTDs are detected and
corrective action may be taken.
400
HIGH
300
INERTIA
MOTOR RUNNING OVERLOAD
200
TIME-SECONDS
C
B
20
A
G
10 F
8 E
6
4
E,F, AND G ARE THE
SAFE STALL THERMAL LIMIT
2 TIMES AT 100%, 90%, AND
80%VOLTAGE, REPECTIVELY
1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 % CURRENT
806827A1.CDR
Setpoints
PATH: SETPOINTS S9 THERMAL MODEL MODEL SETUP
The RTD BIAS MINIMUM, RTD BIAS CENTER , and RTD BIAS MAXIMUM setpoints is are seen
Note
The STANDARD OVERLOAD CURVE NUMBER is seen only if SELECT CURVE STYLE is set to
Note
“Standard”. If the SELECT CURVE STYLE is set to “Voltage Dependent”, all setpoints shown
NOTE
after the STANDARD OVERLOAD CURVE NUMBER are displayed. If the SELECT CURVE STYLE is
set to “Custom”, the setpoints shown after TIME TO TRIP AT 20.0 X FLA are not displayed.
The current measured at the output CTs is used for the thermal model. The thermal model
consists of five key elements: the overload curve and overload pickup level, the unbalance
biasing of the generator current while the machine is running, the cooling time constants,
and the biasing of the thermal model based on hot/cold generator information and
measured stator temperature. Each of these elements are described in detail in the
sections that follow.
100000
10000
TIME IN SECONDS
1000
100
x15
10
x1
1.00
0.10 1.00 10 100 1000
Above 8.0 × Pickup, the trip time for 8.0 is used. This prevents the overload curve from
Note
1.0 435 870 130 174 217 261 304 348 391 435 478 522 565 609 653
1 3.6 7.2 61 14 68 22 75 29 83 36 90 43 97 51 04
1.0 853. 170 256 341 426 512 597 682 768 853 939 102 110 119 128
5 71 7.4 1.1 4.9 8.6 2.3 6.0 9.7 3.4 7.1 0.8 45 98 52 06
1.1 416. 833. 125 166 208 250 291 333 375 416 458 500 541 583 625
0 68 36 0.0 6.7 3.4 0.1 6.8 3.5 0.1 6.8 3.5 0.2 6.9 3.6 0.2
1.2 198. 397. 596. 795. 994. 119 139 159 178 198 218 238 258 278 298
0 86 72 58 44 30 3.2 2.0 0.9 9.7 8.6 7.5 6.3 5.2 4.1 2.9
1.3 126. 253. 380. 507. 634. 760. 887. 101 114 126 139 152 164 177 190
0 80 61 41 22 02 82 63 4.4 1.2 8.0 4.8 1.6 8.5 5.3 2.1
1.4 91.1 182. 273. 364. 455. 546. 637. 729. 820. 911. 100 109 118 127 136
0 4 27 41 55 68 82 96 09 23 37 2.5 3.6 4.8 5.9 7.0
1.5 69.9 139. 209. 279. 349. 419. 489. 559. 629. 699. 769. 839. 909. 979. 104
0 9 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 9.9
1.7 42.4 84.8 127. 169. 212. 254. 296. 339. 381. 424. 466. 508. 551. 593. 636.
5 1 3 24 66 07 49 90 32 73 15 56 98 39 81 22
2.0 29.1 58.3 87.4 116. 145. 174. 204. 233. 262. 291. 320. 349. 379. 408. 437.
0 6 2 7 63 79 95 11 26 42 58 74 90 05 21 37
2.2 21.5 43.0 64.5 86.1 107. 129. 150. 172. 193. 215. 236. 258. 279. 301. 322.
5 3 6 9 2 65 18 72 25 78 31 84 37 90 43 96
2.5 16.6 33.3 49.9 66.6 83.3 99.9 116. 133. 149. 166. 183. 199. 216. 233. 249.
0 6 2 8 4 0 6 62 28 94 60 26 92 58 24 90
2.7 13.3 26.6 39.9 53.3 66.6 79.9 93.2 106. 119. 133. 146. 159. 173. 186. 199.
5 3 5 8 1 4 6 9 62 95 27 60 93 25 58 91
3.0 10.9 21.8 32.8 43.7 54.6 65.5 76.5 87.4 98.3 109. 120. 131. 142. 153. 163.
0 3 6 0 3 6 9 2 6 9 32 25 19 12 05 98
3.2 9.15 18.2 27.4 36.5 45.7 54.8 64.0 73.1 82.3 91.4 100. 109. 118. 128. 137.
5 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 6 60 75 89 04 18
3.5 7.77 15.5 23.3 31.0 38.8 46.6 54.4 62.1 69.9 77.7 85.5 93.2 101. 108. 116.
0 5 2 9 7 4 1 9 6 3 1 8 05 83 60
3.7 6.69 13.3 20.0 26.7 33.4 40.1 46.8 53.5 60.2 66.9 73.6 80.3 87.0 93.7 100.
5 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 42
4.0 5.83 11.6 17.4 23.3 29.1 34.9 40.8 46.6 52.4 58.3 64.1 69.9 75.7 81.6 87.4
0 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7 0 3 6 9 2 5
4.2 5.12 10.2 15.3 20.5 25.6 30.7 35.8 41.0 46.1 51.2 56.3 61.5 66.6 71.7 76.8
5 5 7 0 2 5 7 0 2 5 7 0 2 5 7
4.5 4.54 9.08 13.6 18.1 22.7 27.2 31.8 36.3 40.8 45.4 49.9 54.5 59.0 63.5 68.1
0 3 7 1 5 0 4 8 2 7 1 5 9 4
4.7 4.06 8.11 12.1 16.2 20.2 24.3 28.3 32.4 36.5 40.5 44.6 48.6 52.7 56.7 60.8
5 7 2 8 3 9 4 0 5 1 6 2 7 3
5.0 3.64 7.29 10.9 14.5 18.2 21.8 25.5 29.1 32.7 36.4 40.0 43.7 47.3 51.0 54.6
0 3 7 2 6 0 5 9 3 8 2 6 1 5
5.5 2.99 5.98 8.97 11.9 14.9 17.9 20.9 23.9 26.9 29.8 32.8 35.8 38.8 41.8 44.8
0 6 5 4 3 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4
6.0 2.50 5.00 7.49 9.99 12.4 14.9 17.4 19.9 22.4 24.9 27.4 29.9 32.4 34.9 37.4
0 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 7
6.5 2.12 4.24 6.36 8.48 10.6 12.7 14.8 16.9 19.0 21.2 23.3 25.4 27.5 29.6 31.7
0 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 5 7 9
7.0 1.82 3.64 5.46 7.29 9.11 10.9 12.7 14.5 16.3 18.2 20.0 21.8 23.6 25.5 27.3
0 3 5 7 9 1 4 6 8 0 2
7.5 1.58 3.16 4.75 6.33 7.91 9.49 11.0 12.6 14.2 15.8 17.4 18.9 20.5 22.1 23.7
0 8 6 4 2 1 9 7 5 4
8.0 1.39 2.78 4.16 5.55 6.94 8.33 9.71 11.1 12.4 13.8 15.2 16.6 18.0 19.4 20.8
0 0 9 8 7 5 4 3 2
10. 1.39 2.78 4.16 5.55 6.94 8.33 9.71 11.1 12.4 13.8 15.2 16.6 18.0 19.4 20.8
00 0 9 8 7 5 4 3 2
15. 1.39 2.78 4.16 5.55 6.94 8.33 9.71 11.1 12.4 13.8 15.2 16.6 18.0 19.4 20.8
00 0 9 8 7 5 4 3 2
20. 1.39 2.78 4.16 5.55 6.94 8.33 9.71 11.1 12.4 13.8 15.2 16.6 18.0 19.4 20.8
00 0 9 8 7 5 4 3 2
489
GE Multilin TYPICAL CUSTOM CURVE
10000
1
TIME TO TRIP IN SECONDS
2
100
3
10
5
1.0
0.1
1
1000
10
100
0.5
limit curve adjusted accordingly. If the VT Connection setpoint is set to none or if a VT fuse
failure is detected, the acceleration thermal limit curve for the minimum allowable voltage
will be used.
The voltage dependent overload curve is comprised of the three characteristic thermal
limit curve shapes determined by the stall or locked rotor condition, acceleration, and
running overload. The curve is constructed by entering a custom curve shape for the
running overload protection curve. Next, a point must be entered for the acceleration
protection curve at the point of intersection with the custom curve, based on the minimum
allowable starting voltage as defined by the minimum allowable voltage. Locked Rotor
Current and safe stall time must also be entered for that voltage. A second point of
intersection must be entered for 100% voltage. Once again, the locked rotor current and
the safe stall time must be entered, this time for 100% voltage. The protection curve that is
created from the safe stall time and intersection point will be dynamic based on the
measured voltage between the minimum allowable voltage and the 100% voltage. This
method of protection inherently accounts for the change in speed as an impedance relay
would. The change in impedance is reflected by machine terminal voltage and line current.
For any given speed at any given voltage, there is only one value of line current.
489
THERMAL LIMITS
GE Multilin FOR HIGH INERTIAL LOAD
1000
900
800
700
1- Running Overload Thermal Limit
600 1
2- Acceleration Thermal Limit @ 80%V
500 3- Acceleration Thermal Limit @ 100%V
4- Locked Rotor Thermal Limit
400 5- Machine Acceleration Curve @ 80% V
6- Machine Acceleration Curve @ 100%V
300
2
200
100
90
80
TIME TO TRIP (SECONDS)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
4
6
5
4
5
3
6
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
To illustrate the Voltage Dependent Overload Curve feature, the thermal limits shown in
Thermal Limits for High Inertial Load on page 5–79 will be used.
Construct a custom curve for the running overload thermal limit.
If the curve does not extend to the acceleration thermal limits,
extend it such that the curve intersects the acceleration thermal limit
curves. (see the custom curve below).
489
VOLTAGE DEPENDENT OVERLOAD
GE Multilin (CUSTOM CURVE)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
Acceleration Intersect at 80%V
200
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Enter the per unit current value for the acceleration overload curve
intersect with the custom curve for 80% voltage.
Enter the per unit current and safe stall protection time for 80%
voltage (see the acceleration curves below).
Enter the per unit current value for the acceleration overload curve
intersect with the custom curve for 100% voltage.
Enter the per unit current and safe stall protection time for 100%
voltage (see the acceleration curves below).
489
VOLTAGE DEPENDENT OVERLOAD
GE Multilin (ACCELERATION CURVES)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
489 Custom Curve
400
300
200
100
90
80
TIME TO TRIP (SECONDS)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MULTIPLES OF FULL LOAD AMPS
808828A3.CDR
The 489 takes the information provided and create protection curves for any voltage
between the minimum and 100%. For values above the voltage in question, the 489
extrapolates the safe stall protection curve to 110% voltage. This current level is calculated
by taking the locked rotor current at 100% voltage and multiplying by 1.10. For trip times
above the 110% voltage level, the trip time of 110% will be used (see the figure below).
489
VOLTAGE DEPENDENT
GE Multilin OVERLOAD PROTECTION CURVES
1000
900
800
700
600
Custom Curve
500
400
300
Acceleration Intersect at 80%V
200
60
50
40
30
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MULTIPLES OF FULL LOAD AMPS 808831A3.CDR
The safe stall curve is in reality a series of safe stall points for different voltages. For a given
Note
voltage, there can be only one value of stall current, and therefore only one safe stall time.
NOTE
The following curves illustrate the resultant overload protection for 80% and 100%
voltage, respectively. For voltages between these levels, the 489 shifts the acceleration
curve linearly and constantly based upon the measured voltage during generator start.
489
VOLTAGE DEPENDENT
GE Multilin OVERLOAD PROTECTION at 80% V
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
90
80
70
TIME TO TRIP (SECONDS)
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MULTIPLES OF FULL LOAD AMPS 808830A3.CDR
489
VOLTAGE DEPENDENT
GE Multilin OVERLOAD PROTECTION at 100% V
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
90
80
TIME TO TRIP (SECONDS)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Unbalance Bias
Unbalanced phase currents will cause additional rotor heating that will not be accounted
for by electromechanical relays and may not be accounted for in some electronic
protective relays. When the generator is running, the rotor will rotate in the direction of the
positive sequence current at near synchronous speed. Negative sequence current, which
has a phase rotation that is opposite to the positive sequence current, and hence, opposite
to the rotor rotation, will generate a rotor voltage that will produce a substantial rotor
current. This induced current will have a frequency that is approximately twice the line
frequency, 100 Hz for a 50 Hz system or 120 Hz for a 60 Hz system. Skin effect in the rotor
bars at this frequency will cause a significant increase in rotor resistance and therefore, a
significant increase in rotor heating. This extra heating is not accounted for in the thermal
limit curves supplied by the generator manufacturer as these curves assume positive
sequence currents only that come from a perfectly balanced supply and generator design.
The 489 measures the ratio of negative to positive sequence current. The thermal model
may be biased to reflect the additional heating that is caused by negative sequence
current when the machine is running. This biasing is done by creating an equivalent
heating current rather than simply using average current (Iper_unit). This equivalent current
is calculated using the equation shown below.
2 2
I eq = I 1 + kI 2 (EQ 5.32)
where: Ieq = equivalent motor heating current in per unit (based on FLA)
I2= negative-sequence current in per unit (based on FLA)
I1= positive-sequence current in per unit (based on FLA)
k = constant relating negative-sequence rotor resistance to positive-sequence
rotor resistance, not to be confused with the k indicating generator negative-
sequence capability for an inverse time curve.
The figure below shows induction machine derating as a function of voltage unbalance as
recommended by NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association). Assuming a
typical inrush of 6 × FLA and a negative sequence impedance of 0.167, voltage unbalances
of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% equal current unbalances of 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30%, respectively. Based
on this assumption, the GE curve illustrates the amount of machine derating for different
values of k entered for the UNBALANCE BIAS K FACTOR setpoint. Note that the curve
created when k = 8 is almost identical to the NEMA derating curve.
1.05 1.05
1.00 1.00
DERATING FACTOR
DERATING FACTOR
0.95 0.95
k=2
0.90 0.90
k=8
0.75 0.75
k=10
0.70 0.70
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
NEMA GE MULTILIN
808728A1.CDR
If a k value of 0 is entered, the unbalance biasing is defeated and the overload curve will
time out against the measured per unit motor current. k may be calculated conservatively
as:
175 230
k = --------- (typical estimate); k = --------- (conservative estimate) (EQ 5.33)
2 2
I LR I LR
Machine Cooling
The 489 thermal capacity used value is reduced exponentially when the motor current is
below the OVERLOAD PICKUP setpoint. This reduction simulates machine cooling. The
cooling time constants should be entered for both stopped and running cases (the
I eq hot
TC used_end = ----------------------------------------- 1 – ---------- × 100% (EQ 5.35)
overload_pickup cold
100 100
75 75
25 25
0 0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Time in Minutes Time in Minutes
100 100
75 75
Thermal Capacity Used
25 25
0 0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Time in Minutes Time in Minutes
RTD Bias
The thermal replica created by the features described in the sections above operates as a
complete and independent model. However, the thermal overload curves are based solely
on measured current, assuming a normal 40°C ambient and normal machine cooling. If
there is an unusually high ambient temperature, or if machine cooling is blocked,
generator temperature will increase. If the stator has embedded RTDs, the 489 RTD bias
feature should be used to correct the thermal model.
The RTD bias feature is a two part curve, constructed using 3 points. If the maximum stator
RTD temperature is below the RTD BIAS MINIMUM setpoint (typically 40°C), no biasing
occurs. If the maximum stator RTD temperature is above the RTD BIAS MAXIMUM setpoint
(typically at the stator insulation rating or slightly higher), then the thermal memory is fully
biased and thermal capacity is forced to 100% used. At values in between, the present
thermal capacity used created by the overload curve and other elements of the thermal
model, is compared to the RTD Bias thermal capacity used from the RTD Bias curve. If the
RTD Bias thermal capacity used value is higher, then that value is used from that point
onward. The RTD BIAS CENTER POINT should be set at the rated running temperature of the
machine. The 489 automatically determines the thermal capacity used value for the center
point using the HOT/COLD SAFE STALL RATIO setpoint.
hot
TC used at RBC = 1 – ---------- × 100% (EQ 5.37)
cold
NOTE
RTD Bias Maximum
100
Hot/Cold = 0.85
RTD Thermal Capacity Used
80 Rated Temperature=130°C
Insulation Rating=155°C
60
40
20
RTD Bias Center Point
RTD Bias Minimum
0
–50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Maximum Stator RTD Temperature
808721A1.CDR
Once the thermal model is setup, an alarm and/or trip element can be enabled. If the
generator has been offline for a long period of time, it will be at ambient temperature and
thermal capacity used should be zero. If the generator is in overload, once the thermal
capacity used reaches 100%, a trip will occur. The thermal model trip will remain active
until a lockout time has expired. The lockout time will be based on the reduction of thermal
capacity from 100% used to 15% used. This reduction will occur at a rate defined by the
offline cooling time constant. The thermal capacity used alarm may be used as a warning
indication of an impending overload trip.
When enabled, a trip counter alarm will occur when the TRIP COUNTER ALARM LEVEL is
reached. The trip counter must be cleared or the alarm level raised and the reset key must
be pressed (if the alarm was latched) to reset the alarm.
For example, it might be useful to set a Trip Counter alarm at 100 trips, prompting the
operator or supervisor to investigate the type of trips that have occurred. A breakdown of
trips by type may be found in the A4 MAINTENANCE TRIP COUNTERS actual values page.
If a trend is detected, it would warrant further investigation.
If the breaker failure alarm feature may be enabled as latched or unlatched. If the 1 Trip
output relay is operated and the generator current measured at any of the three output
CTs is above the level programmed for the period of time specified by the delay, a breaker
failure alarm will occur. The time delay should be slightly longer than the breaker clearing
time.
TRIP COIL [] TRIP COIL MONITOR Range: Off, Latched, Unlatched
MONITOR ALARM: Off
ASSIGN ALARM Range: Any combination of Relays 2 to
MESSAGE 5
RELAYS (2-5): ---5
SUPERVISION OF TRIP Range: 52 Closed, 52 Open/Closed
MESSAGE
COIL: 52 Closed
TRIP COIL MONITOR Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
ALARM EVENTS: Off
If the trip coil monitor alarm feature is enabled as latched or unlatched, the trip coil
supervision circuitry will monitor the trip coil circuit for continuity any time that the breaker
status input indicates that the breaker is closed. If that continuity is broken, a trip coil
monitor alarm will occur in approximately 300 ms.
If 52 Open/Closed is selected, the trip coil supervision circuitry monitors the trip coil circuit
for continuity at all times regardless of breaker state. This requires an alternate path
around the 52a contacts in series with the trip coil when the breaker is open. See the figure
below for modifications to the wiring and proper resistor selection. If that continuity is
broken, a Starter Failure alarm will indicate Trip Coil Supervision.
52a
TRIP COIL 52a 52a
OPEN/CLOSED
TRIP SUPERVISION
COIL "52 Open/Closed"
TRIP TRIP
COIL COIL
WITH MULTIPLE
BREAKER AUX
TRIP COIL CLOSED SUPERVISION CONTACTS
"52 Closed"
52a TRIP COIL OPEN/CLOSED SUPERVISION
"52 Open/Closed"
125 VDC 25 K 5
808727A1.CDR 250 VDC 50 K 5
A fuse failure is detected when there are significant levels of negative sequence voltage
without corresponding levels of negative sequence current measured at the output CTs.
Also, if the generator is online and there is not significant positive sequence voltage, it
could indicate that all VT fuses have been pulled or the VTs are racked out. If the alarm is
enabled and a VT fuse failure detected, elements that could nuisance operation are
blocked and an alarm occurs. These blocked elements include voltage restraint for the
phase overcurrent, undervoltage, phase reversal, and all power elements.
I2 / I1 < 20%
V2 / V1 > 25% 99ms
I1 > 0.075 x CT AND
0 Block
V1 > 0.05 x Full Scale Appropriate
Breaker Status = Online Elements
OR &
Operate
Alarm
99ms Relay
AND
V1 < 0.05 × Full Scale 0
5.11.5 Demand
PATH: SETPOINTS S10 MONITORING CURRENT DEMAND...
The 489 can measure the demand of the generator for several parameters (current, MW,
Mvar, MVA). The demand values of generators may be of interest for energy management
programs where processes may be altered or scheduled to reduce overall demand on a
feeder. The generator FLA is calculated as:
Generator Rated MVA
Generator FLA = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (EQ 5.40)
3 × Generator Rated Phase-Phase Voltage
Power quantities are programmed as per unit calculated from the rated MVA and rated
power factor.
Demand is calculated in the following manner. Every minute, an average magnitude is
calculated for current, +MW, +Mvar, and MVA based on samples taken every 5 seconds.
These values are stored in a FIFO (First In, First Out buffer).The size of the buffer is dictated
by the period that is selected for the setpoint. The average value of the buffer contents is
calculated and stored as the new demand value every minute. Demand for real and
reactive power is only positive quantities (+MW and +Mvar).
N
1
Demand = ---
N Average N (EQ 5.41)
n=1
160
140
120
MAGNITUDE
100
80
60
40
20
0
t=0 t+10 t+20 t+30 t+40 t+50 t+60 t+70 t+80 t+90 t+100
TIME 808717A1.CDR
The 489 can perform pulsed output of positive kWh and both positive and negative kvarh.
Each output parameter can be assigned to any one of the alarm or auxiliary relays. Pulsed
output is disabled for a parameter if the relay setpoint is selected as OFF for that pulsed
output. The minimum time between pulses is fixed to 400 milliseconds.
This feature should be programmed so that no more than one pulse per 600 milliseconds is
Note
required or the pulsing will lag behind the interval activation. Do not assign pulsed outputs
NOTE
to the same relays as alarms and trip functions.
PULSE
WIDTH
808738A1.CDR
The 489 can measure the generator running hours. This value may be of interest for
periodic maintenance of the generator. The initial generator running hour allows the user
to program existing accumulated running hours on a particular generator the relay is
protecting. This feature switching 489 relays without losing previous generator running
hour values.
measurement is 0 MW. When the real power measurement is 50 MW, the analog output
channel will output 12 mA. When the real power measurement is 100 MW, the analog
output channel will output 20 mA.
Min. Max
Power Factor 0.01 to 1.00 lead/lag 0.01 0.8 lag 0.8 lead
There are 4 analog inputs (4 to 20 mA, 0 to 20 mA, or 0 to 1 mA) that may be used to
monitor transducers such as vibration monitors, tachometers, pressure transducers, etc.
These inputs may be used for alarm and/or tripping purposes. The inputs are sampled
every 50 ms. The level of the analog input is also available over the communications port.
With the EnerVista 489 Setup program, the level of the transducer may be trended and
graphed.
Before the input may be used, it must be configured. A name may be assigned for the
input, units may be assigned, and a minimum and maxi-mum value must be assigned.
Also, the trip and alarm features may be blocked until the generator is online for a
specified time delay. If the block time is 0 seconds, there is no block and the trip and alarm
features will be active when the generator is offline or online. If a time is programmed
other than 0 seconds, the feature will be disabled when the generator is offline and also
from the time the machine is placed online until the time entered expires. Once the input is
setup, both the trip and alarm features may be configured. In addition to programming a
level and time delay, the PICKUP setpoint may be used to dictate whether the feature picks
up when the measured value is over or under the level.
If a vibration transducer is to be used, program the name as “Vib Monitor”, the units as
“mm/s”, the minimum as “0”, the maximum as “25”, and the Block From Online as “0 s”. Set
the alarm for a reasonable level slightly higher than the normal vibration level. Program a
delay of “3 s” and the pickup as “Over”.
The 489 may be placed in several simulation modes. This simulation may be useful for
several purposes. First, it may be used to under-stand the operation of the 489 for learning
or training purposes. Second, simulation may be used during startup to verify that control
circuitry operates as it should in the event of a trip or alarm. In addition, simulation may be
used to verify that setpoints had been set properly in the event of fault conditions.
The SIMULATION MODE setpoint may be entered only if the generator is offline, no current
is measured, and there are no trips or alarms active. The values entered as Pre-Fault
Values will be substituted for the measured values in the 489 when the SIMULATION MODE
is “Simulate Pre-Fault”. The values entered as Fault Values will be substituted for the
measured values in the 489 when the SIMULATION MODE is “Simulate Fault”. If the
SIMULATION MODE is set to “Pre-Fault to Fault”, the Pre-Fault values will be substituted for
the period of time specified by the delay, followed by the Fault values. If a trip occurs, the
SIMULATION MODE reverts to “Off”. Selecting “Off” for the SIMULATION MODE places the 489
back in service. If the 489 measures current or control power is cycled, the SIMULATION
MODE automatically reverts to “Off”.
If the 489 is to be used for training, it might be desirable to allow all parameter averages,
statistical information, and event recording to update when operating in simulation mode.
If however, the 489 has been installed and will remain installed on a specific generator, it
might be desirable assign a digital input to Test Input and to short that input to prevent all
of this data from being corrupted or updated. In any event, when in simulation mode, the
489 In Service LED (indicator) will flash, indicating that the 489 is not in protection mode.
The values entered under Pre-Fault Values will be substituted for the measured values in
the 489 when the SIMULATION MODE is “Simulate Pre-Fault”.
The values entered here are substituted for the measured values in the 489 when the
SIMULATION MODE is “Simulate Fault”.
The test output relays setpoint may be used during startup or testing to verify that the
output relays are functioning correctly. The output relays can be forced to operate only if
the generator is offline, no current is measured, and there are no trips or alarms active. If
any relay is forced to operate, the relay will toggle from its normal state. The appropriate
relay indicator will illuminate at that time. Selecting “Disabled” places the output relays
back in service. If the 489 measures current or control power is cycled, the force operation
of relays setpoint will automatically become disabled and the output relays will revert back
to their normal states.
If any relay is forced, the 489 In Service indicator will flash, indicating that the 489 is not in
protection mode.
These setpoints may be used during startup or testing to verify that the analog outputs are
functioning correctly. The analog outputs can be forced only if the generator is offline, no
current is measured, and there are no trips or alarms active. When the FORCE ANALOG
OUTPUTS FUNCTION is “Enabled”, the output reflects the forced value as a percentage of the
range 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 1 mA. Selecting “Disabled” places all four analog output channels
back in service, reflecting their programmed parameters. If the 489 measures current or
control power is cycled, the force analog output function is automatically disabled and all
analog outputs will revert back to their normal state.
Any time the analog outputs are forced, the In Service indicator will flash, indicating that
the 489 is not in protection mode.
During communications troubleshooting, it can be useful to see the data being transmitted
to the 489 from some master device, as well as the data transmitted back to that master
device. The messages shown here make it possible to view that data. Any of the three
communications ports may be monitored. After the communications buffers are cleared,
any data received from the monitored communications port is stored in Rx1 and Rx2. If the
489 transmits a message, it appears in the Tx1 and Tx2 buffers. In addition to these
buffers, there is a message indicating the status of the last received message.
This section is for use by GE Multilin personnel for testing and calibration purposes.
Actual Values
6.1 Overview
MESSAGE See page 6–15.
DIGITAL []
REAL TIME []
MESSAGE See page 6–15.
CLOCK
END OF PAGE
MESSAGE
MESSAGE See page 6–28.
E000 []
END OF PAGE
MESSAGE
6.1.2 Description
Measured values, maintenance and fault analysis information are accessed in the actual
values. Actual values may be accessed via one of the following methods:
1. Front panel, using the keys and display.
2. Front program port and a portable computer running the EnerVista 489 Setup
software supplied with the relay.
3. Rear terminal RS485 port and a PLC/SCADA system running user-written
software.
Any of these methods can be used to view the same information. However, a computer
makes viewing much more convenient since many variables may be viewed
simultaneously.
Actual value messages are organized into logical groups, or pages, for easy reference, as
shown below. All actual value messages are illustrated and described in blocks throughout
this chapter. All values shown in these message illustrations assume that no inputs
(besides control power) are connected to the 489.
In addition to the actual values, there are also diagnostic and flash messages that appear
only when certain conditions occur. They are described later in this chapter.
6.2 A1 Status
NETWORK STATUS [] Ethernet Lnk Con Dia Range: see description below
Status [] [] [ ]
This actual value appears when the relay is ordered with the Ethernet (T) option.
The ETHERNET STATUS actual value message indicates the status of the Ethernet link,
connection, and diagnostic via three indicators. The [] symbol indicates on, and the [ ]
symbol indicates off. There is also a blinking indication.
The box under LNK column indicates the Ethernet link status. If it is on, the Ethernet port is
connected to the network; if it is off, the port is disconnected. This indicator is normally on.
The box under the CON column indicates the connection status. If on, the Ethernet port is
configured and ready to transmit and receive data. If blinking, the Ethernet port is either
active (transmitting or receiving data) or indicating an error if the diagnostic status is also
on or blinking.
The box under the DIA column indicates the diagnostic status. If it is on, then either a fatal
Ethernet port error has occurred or there is a duplicate IP address on the network. If
blinking, then there is a non-fatal network error. Off indicates no errors.
These messages describe the status of the generator at any given point in time. If the
generator has been tripped, is still offline, and the 489 has not yet been reset, the
GENERATOR STATUS will be “Tripped”. The GENERATOR THERMAL CAPACITY USED value
reflects an integrated value of both the stator and rotor thermal capacity used. The values
for ESTIMATED TRIP TIME ON OVERLOAD will appear whenever the 489 thermal model picks
up on the overload curve.
LAST TRIP [] CAUSE OF LAST TRIP: Range: see Note below.
DATA No Trip to Date
TIME OF LAST TRIP: Range: hour:min:sec
MESSAGE
09:00:00.00
DATE OF LAST TRIP: Range: Month Day Year
MESSAGE
Jan 01 2001
TACHOMETER Range: 0 to 3600 RPM. Seen only if
MESSAGE Tachometer is assigned.
PRETRIP: 3600 RPM
A: 0 B: 0 Range: 0 to 999999 A. Represents
MESSAGE current measured from output
C: 0 A PreTrip
CTs. Seen only if a trip has
occurred.
a: 0 b: 0 Range: 0 to 999999 A. Represents
MESSAGE differential current. Seen only if
c: 0 A PreTrip
differential element is enabled.
NEG. SEQ. CURRENT Range: 0 to 2000% FLA. Seen only if
MESSAGE there has been a trip.
PRETRIP: 0% FLA
GROUND CURRENT Range: 0.00 to 200000.00 A. Not seen if
MESSAGE GROUND CT is “None”
PRETRIP: 0.00 A
GROUND CURRENT Range: 0.0 to 5000.0 A
MESSAGE
PRETRIP: 0.00 Amps
Vab: 0 Vbc: 0 Range: 0 to 50000 V. Not seen if VT
MESSAGE CONNECTION is “None”
Vca: 0 V PreTrip
FREQUENCY Range: 0.00 to 90.00 Hz. Not seen if VT
MESSAGE CONNECTION is “None”
PRETRIP: 0.00 Hz
NEUTRAL VOLT (FUND) Range: 0.0 to 25000.0 V. Seen only if
MESSAGE there is a neutral VT.
PRETRIP: 0.0 V
NEUTRAL VOLT (3rd) Range: 0.0 to 25000.0 V. Seen only if
MESSAGE there is a neutral VT.
PRETRIP: 0.0 V
REAL POWER (MW) Range: 0.000 to ±2000.000 MW. Not
MESSAGE seen if VT CONNECTION is
PRETRIP: 0.000
“None”
REACTIVE POWER Mvar Range: 0.000 to ±2000.000 Mvar. Not
MESSAGE seen if VT CONNECTION is
PRETRIP: 0.00 Hz
“None”
APPARENT POWER MVA Range: 0.000 to ±2000.000 MVA. Not
MESSAGE seen if VT CONNECTION is
PRETRIP: 0.00 Hz
“None”
HOTTEST STATOR RTD Range: –50 to 250°C. Seen only if at
MESSAGE least one RTD is “Stator”
RTD #1: 0°C PreTrip
HOTTEST BEARING RTD Range: –50 to 250°C. Seen only if at
MESSAGE least one RTD is “Bearing”
RTD #7: 0°C PreTrip
HOTTEST OTHER RTD Range: –50 to 250°C. Seen only if at
MESSAGE least one RTD is “Other”
RTD #11: 0°C PreTrip
The range for the CAUSE OF LAST TRIP setpoint is: No Trip to Date, General Inputs A to G,
Note
Sequential Trip, Field-Bkr Discrep., Tachometer, Thermal Model, Offline Overcurrent, Phase
NOTE
Overcurrent, Neg. Seq. Overcurrent, Ground Overcurrent, Phase Differential, RTDs 1 to 12,
Overvoltage, Undervoltage, Volts/Hertz, Phase Reversal, Underfrequency, Overfrequency,
Neutral O/V, Neutral U/V (3rd), Reactive Power, Reverse Power, Low Forward Power,
Inadvertent Energ., and Analog Inputs 1 to 4.
Immediately prior to issuing a trip, the 489 takes a snapshot of generator parameters and
stores them as pre-trip values; this allows for troubleshooting after the trip occurs. The
cause of last trip message is updated with the current trip and the screen defaults to that
message. All trip features are automatically logged as date and time stamped events as
they occur. This information can be cleared using the S1 489 SETUP CLEAR DATA
CLEAR LAST TRIP DATA setpoint. If the cause of last trip is “No Trip To Date”, the subsequent
pretrip messages will not appear. Last Trip Data will not update if a digital input
programmed as Test Input is shorted.
The various trip pickup actual values reflect the Input Name as programmed in the first line
Note
of the message. The various digital and analog input functions are shown only if the
NOTE
function has been assigned as an input.
The trip pickup messages may be very useful during testing. They will indicate if a trip
feature has been enabled, if it is inactive (not picked up), timing out (picked up and timing),
active trip (still picked up, timed out, and causing a trip), or latched tip (no longer picked up,
but had timed out and caused a trip that is latched). These values may also be particularly
useful as data transmitted to a master device for monitoring.
ALARM PICKUPS [] Input A Range: Not Enabled, Inactive, Timing Out,
PICKUP: Not Enabled Active Alarm, Latched Alarm.
The various alarm pickup actual values reflect the Input Name as programmed in the first
Note
line of the message. The various digital and analog input functions are shown only if the
NOTE
function has been assigned as an input.
The alarm pickup messages may be very useful during testing. They will indicate if a alarm
feature has been enabled, if it is inactive (not picked up), timing out (picked up and timing),
active alarm (still picked up, timed out, and causing an alarm), or latched alarm (no longer
picked up, but had timed out and caused a alarm that is latched). These values may also be
particularly useful as data transmitted to a master device for monitoring.
The messages shown here may be used to monitor digital input status. This may be useful
during relay testing or during installation.
The time and date from the 489 real time clock may be viewed here.
A: 0 B: 0 Range: 0 to 999999 A
CURRENT [] C: 0 Amps
a: 0 b: 0 Range: 0 to 999999 A
MESSAGE
c: 0 Neut.Amps
a: 0 b: 0 Range: 0 to 999999 A
MESSAGE
c: 0 Diff.Amps
AVERAGE PHASE Range: 0 to 999999 A
MESSAGE
CURRENT: 0 Amps
GENERATOR LOAD: Range: 0 to 2000% FLA
MESSAGE
0% FLA
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE Range: 0 to 2000% FLA
MESSAGE
CURRENT: 0% FLA
PHASE A CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
PHASE B CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
PHASE C CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
NEUT. END A CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
NEUT. END B CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
NEUT. END C CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
DIFF. A CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
DIFF. B CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
DIFF. C CURRENT: Range: 0 to 999999 A, 0 to 359°
MESSAGE
0 A 0° Lag
GROUND CURRENT: Range: 0.0 to 200000.0 A, 0 to 359°.
MESSAGE Seen only if 1 A or 5 A Ground
0.0 A 0° Lag
CT is used
GROUND CURRENT: Range: 0.00 to 100.00 A, 0 to 359°.
MESSAGE Seen only if 50:0.025 CT is used
0.00 A 0° Lag
All measured current values are displayed here. A, B, C AMPS represent the output side CT
measurements: A, B, C NEUT. AMPS the neutral end CT measurements, and A, B, C DIFF. AMPS
the differential operating current calculated as the vector difference between the output
side and the neutral end CT measurements on a per phase basis. The 489 negative-
sequence current is defined as the ratio of negative-sequence current to generator rated
FLA, I2 / FLA × 100%. The generator full load amps is calculated as: generator rated MVA /
( 3 × generator phase-to-phase voltage). Polar coordinates for measured currents are
also shown using Va (wye connection) or Vab (open delta connection) as a zero angle
reference vector. In the absence of a voltage signal (Va or Vab), the IA output current is
used as the zero angle reference vector.
Measured voltage parameters will be displayed here. The V/Hz measurement is a per unit
value based on Vab voltage/measured frequency divided by generator phase-to-phase
nominal voltage/nominal system frequency. Polar coordinates for measured phase and/or
line voltages are also shown using Va (wye connection) or Vab (open delta connection) as a
zero angle reference vector. In the absence of a voltage signal (Va or Vab), IA output current
is used as the zero angle reference vector.
If VT CONNECTION TYPE is programmed as “None” and NEUTRAL VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER is
“No” in S2 SYSTEM, the THIS FEATURE NOT PROGRAMMED flash message will appear
when an attempt is made to enter this group of messages.
POWER [] POWER FACTOR: Range: 0.01 to 0.99 Lead or Lag, 0.00,
METERING 0.00 1.00
The values for power metering appear here. Three-phase total power quantities are
displayed here. Watthours and varhours are also shown here. Watthours and varhours will
not update if a digital input programmed as Test Input is shorted.
An induction generator, by convention generates Watts and consumes vars (+W and –
Note
6.3.4 Temperature
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES A2 METERING DATA TEMPERATURE
These messages are seen only if the corresponding RTDs are programmed. The actual
Note
The values for current and power demand are shown here. This peak demand information
can be cleared using the S1 489 SETUP CLEAR DATA CLEAR PEAK DEMAND setpoint.
Demand is shown only for positive real and positive reactive power (+Watts, +vars). Peak
demand will not update if a digital input programmed as Test Input is shorted.
These messages are seen only if the corresponding Analog Inputs are programmed. The
Note
6.3.7 Speed
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES A2 METERING DATA SPEED
If the Tachometer function is assigned to one of the digital inputs, its speed be viewed here.
If no digital input is configured for tachometer, the THIS FEATURE NOT PROGRAMMED
flash message will appear when an attempt is made to enter this group of messages.
The 489 calculates the average magnitude of several parameters over a period of time.
This time is specified by S1 489 SETUP PREFERENCES PARAMETER AVERAGES CALC.
PERIOD setpoint (default 15 minutes). The calculation is a sliding window and is ignored
when the generator is offline (that is, the value that was calculated just prior to going
offline will be held until the generator is brought back online and a new calculation is
made). Parameter averages will not update if a digital input programmed as Test Input is
shorted.
These messages are seen only if the corresponding RTDs are programmed. The actual
Note
These messages are seen only if the corresponding Analog Inputs are programmed. The
Note
If no Analog Inputs are programmed in the S11 ANALOG I/O setpoints menu, the THIS
FEATURE NOT PROGRAMMED flash message will appear when an attempt is made to
enter this group of messages.
6.5 A4 Maintenance
The number of trips by type is displayed here. When the total reaches 50000, all counters
reset. This information can be cleared with the S1 489 SETUP CLEAR DATA
CLEAR TRIP COUNTERS setpoint. Trip counters will not update if a digital input programmed
as Test Input is shorted. In the event of multiple trips, the only the first trip will increment
the trip counters.
One of the 489 general counters will count the number of breaker operations over time.
This may be useful information for breaker maintenance. The number of breaker
operations is incremented whenever the breaker status changes from closed to open and
all phase currents are zero. Another counter counts the number of thermal resets if one of
the assignable digital inputs is assigned to thermal reset. This may be useful information
when troubleshooting. When either of these counters exceeds 50000, that counter will
reset to 0.
The NUMBER OF BREAKER OPERATIONS counter can also be cleared using the S1 489 SETUP
CLEAR DATA CLEAR BREAKER INFORMATION setpoint. The NUMBER OF THERMAL
RESETS counter can be cleared using the S1 489 SETUP CLEAR DATA CLEAR
GENERATOR INFORMATION setpoint.
The number of breaker operations will not update if a digital input programmed as Test
Input is shorted.
6.5.3 Timers
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES A4 MAINTENANCE TIMERS
The 489 accumulates the total online time for the generator. This may be useful for
scheduling routine maintenance. When this timer exceeds 1000000, it resets to 0. This
timer can be cleared using the S1 489 SETUP CLEAR DATA CLEAR GENERATOR
INFORMATION setpoint. The generator hours online will not update if a digital input
programmed as Test Input is shorted.
The 489 Event Recorder stores generator and system information each time an event
occurs. The description of the event is stored and a time and date stamp is also added to
the record.
The event recorder data may be inaccurate if 489 relay power-on time is less than
Note
2 seconds.
NOTE
The date and time stamping feature allows reconstruction of the sequence of events for
troubleshooting. Events include all trips, any alarm optionally (except Service Alarm, and
489 Not Inserted Alarm, which always records as events), loss of control power, application
of control power, thermal resets, simulation, serial communication starts/stops, and
general input control functions optionally.
E001 is the most recent event and E256 is the oldest event. Each new event bumps the other
event records down until the 256th event is reached. The 256th event record is lost when
the next event occurs. This information can be cleared using S1 489 SETUP CLEAR DATA
CLEAR EVENT RECORD setpoint. The event record will not update if a digital input
programmed as Test Input is shorted.
TRIPS
Ambient RTD12 Trip * Analog I/P 1 to 4 Trip * Bearing RTD 7 Trip * Bearing RTD 8 Trip *
Bearing RTD 9 Trip * Bearing RTD 10 Trip * Differential Trip Distance Zone 1 Trip
Distance Zone 2 Trip Field-Bkr Discr. Trip Gnd Directional Trip Ground O/C Trip
Inadvertent Energization
Hiset Phase O/C Trip Input A to G Trip * Loss of Excitation 1
Trip
Loss of Excitation 2 Low Fwd Power Trip Neg Seq O/C Trip Neutral O/V Trip
Neut. U/V (3rd) Trip Offline O/C Trip Overfrequency Trip Overvoltage Trip
TRIPS
Phase O/C Trip Phase Reversal Trip Reactive Power Trip Reverse Power Trip
RTD11 Trip * Sequential Trip Stator RTD 1 Trip * Stator RTD 2 Trip *
Stator RTD 3 Trip * Stator RTD 4 Trip * Stator RTD 5 Trip * Stator RTD 6 Trip *
Volts/Hertz Trip
Bearing RTD 8 Alarm * Bearing RTD 9 Alarm * Bearing RTD 10 Alarm * Breaker Failure
Current Demand Alarm Gnd Directional Alarm Ground O/C Alarm Input A to G Alarm *
Low Fwd Power Alarm MVA Demand Alarm Mvar Demand Alarm MW Demand Alarm
NegSeq Current Alarm Neut. U/V 3rd Alarm Neutral O/V Alarm Open RTD Alarm
Reverse Power Alarm RTD11 Alarm * Service Alarm Short/Low RTD Alarm
Stator RTD 1 Alarm Stator RTD 2 Alarm Stator RTD 3 Alarm Stator RTD 4 Alarm
Stator RTD 5 Alarm Stator RTD 6 Alarm Tachometer Alarm Thermal Model Alarm
Trip Coil Monitor Trip Counter Alarm Underfrequency Alarm Undervoltage Alarm
OTHER
Control Power Applied Control Power Lost Dig I/P Waveform Trig Input A to G Control *
Serial Comm. Start Serial Comm. Stop Serial Waveform Trip Setpoint 1 Active
All of the 489 model information may be viewed here when the unit is powered up. In the
event of a product software upgrade or service question, the information shown here
should be jotted down prior to any inquiry.
The date of the original calibration and last calibration may be viewed here.
6.8 Diagnostics
EXAMPLE:
If a thermal model trip occurred, an RTD alarm may also occur as a result of the overload.
The 489 would automatically default to the CAUSE OF LAST TRIP message at the top of the
A1 STATUS LAST TRIP DATA queue and the Message LED would flash. Pressing the
MESSAGE key cycles through the time and date stamp information as well as all of the
pre-trip data. When the bottom of this queue is reached, an additional press of the
MESSAGE key would normally return to the top of the queue. However, because there is
an alarm active, the display will skip to the alarm message at the top of the A1 STATUS
ALARM STATUS queue. Finally, another press of the MESSAGE key will cause the 489 to
return to the original CAUSE OF LAST TRIP message, and the cycle could be repeated.
↓
↓
↓
ANALOG INPUT 4
PreTrip: 0 Units
When the RESET has been pressed and the hot RTD condition is no longer present, the
display will revert back to the normal default messages.
DATA CLEARED DATE ENTRY DATE ENTRY WAS DEFAULT MESSAGE DEFAULT MESSAGE
SUCCESSFULLY OUT OF RANGE NOT COMPLETE HAS BEEN ADDED HAS BEEN REMOVED
DEFAULT MESSAGE DEFAULT MESSAGES END OF LIST END OF PAGE ENTER A NEW
LIST IS FULL 6 TO 20 ARE ASSIGNED PASSCODE FOR ACCESS
INVALID PASSCODE INVALID SERVICE CODE KEY PRESSED IS NEW PASSCODE NEW SETPOINT HAS
ENTERED! ENTERED INVALID HERE HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BEEN STORED
NO ALARMS ACTIVE NO TRIPS OR ALARMS OUT OF RANGE.! ENTER: PASSCODE SECURITY PRESS [ENTER] TO ADD
TO RESET #### TO ##### BY # NOT ENABLED, ENTER 0 DEFAULT MESSAGE
PRESS [ENTER] TO RESET PERFORMED ROUNDED SETPOINT SETPOINT ACCESS IS SETPOINT ACCESS IS
REMOVE MESSAGE SUCCESSFULLY HAS BEEN STORED NOW PERMITTED NOW RESTRICTED
TACHOMETER MUST USE THAT DIGITAL INPUT THAT INPUT ALREADY THIS FEATURE NOT THIS PARAMETER IS
INPUT 4, 5, 6, OR 7 IS ALREADY IN USE USED FOR TACHOMETER PROGRAMMED ALREADY ASSIGNED
• NEW SETPOINT HAS BEEN STORED: This message appear each time a setpoint has
been altered and stored as shown on the display.
• ROUNDED SETPOINT HAS BEEN STORED: Since the 489 has a numeric keypad, an
entered setpoint value may fall between valid setpoint values. The 489 detects this
condition and store a value rounded to the nearest valid setpoint value. To find the
valid range and step for a given setpoint, press the HELP key while the setpoint is
being displayed.
• OUT OF RANGE! ENTER: #### TO ##### BY #: If a setpoint value outside the
acceptable range of values is entered, the 489 displays this message and substitutes
proper values for that setpoint. An appropriate value may then be entered.
• ACCESS DENIED, SHORT ACCESS SWITCH: The Access Switch must be shorted to store
any setpoint values. If this message appears and it is necessary to change a setpoint,
short the Access terminals C1 and C2.
• ACCESS DENIED, ENTER PASSCODE: The 489 has a passcode security feature. If this
feature is enabled, not only must the Access Switch terminals be shorted, but a valid
passcode must also be entered. If the correct passcode has been lost or forgotten,
contact the factory with the encrypted access code. All passcode features may be
found in the S1 489 SETUP PASSCODE setpoints menu.
• INVALID PASSCODE ENTERED: This flash message appears if an invalid passcode is
entered for the passcode security feature.
• NEW PASSCODE HAS BEEN ACCEPTED: This message will appear as an acknowledge
that the new passcode has been accepted when changing the passcode for the
passcode security feature.
• PASSCODE SECURITY NOT ENABLED, ENTER 0: The passcode security feature is
disabled whenever the passcode is zero (factory default). Any attempts to enter a
passcode when the feature is disabled results in this flash message, prompting the
user to enter “0” as the passcode. When this has been done, the feature may be
enabled by entering a non-zero passcode.
• ENTER A NEW PASSCODE FOR ACCESS: The passcode security feature is disabled if
the passcode is zero. If the CHANGE PASSCODE SETPOINT is entered as yes, this flash
message appears prompting the user to enter a non-zero passcode and enable the
passcode security feature.
• SETPOINT ACCESS IS NOW PERMITTED: Any time the passcode security feature is
enabled and a valid passcode is entered, this flash message appears to notify that
setpoints may now be altered and stored.
• SETPOINT ACCESS IS NOW RESTRICTED: If the passcode security feature is enabled
and a valid passcode entered, this message appears when the S1 489 SETUP
PASSCODE SETPOINT ACCESS setpoint is altered to “Restricted”. This message also
appears any time that setpoint access is permitted and the access jumper is removed.
• DATE ENTRY WAS NOT COMPLETE: Since the DATE setpoint has a special format
(entered as MM/DD/YYYY), this message appears and the new value will not be stored
if the ENTER key is pressed before all of the information has been entered. Another
attempt will have to be made with the complete information.
• DATE ENTRY WAS OUT OF RANGE: Appears if an invalid entry is made for the DATE (for
example, 15 entered for the month).
• TIME ENTRY WAS NOT COMPLETE: Since the TIME setpoint has a special format
(entered as HH/MM/SS.s), this message appears and the new value will not be stored if
the ENTER key is pressed before all of the information has been entered. Another
attempt will have to be made with the complete information.
• TIME ENTRY WAS OUT OF RANGE: Appears if an invalid entry is made for the TIME (for
example, 35 entered for the hour).
• NO TRIPS OR ALARMS TO RESET: Appears if the RESET key is pressed when there are
no trips or alarms present.
• RESET PERFORMED SUCCESSFULLY: If all trip and alarm features that are active can
be cleared (that is, the conditions that caused these trips and/or alarms are no longer
present), then this message appears when a reset is performed, indicating that all trips
and alarms have been cleared.
• ALL POSSIBLE RESETS HAVE BEEN PERFORMED: If only some of the trip and alarm
features that are active can be cleared (that is, the conditions that caused some of
these trips and/or alarms are still present), then this message appears when a reset is
performed, indicating that only trips and alarms that could be reset have been reset.
• ARE YOU SURE? PRESS [ENTER] TO VERIFY: If the RESET key is pressed and resetting
of any trip or alarm feature is possible, this message appears to verify the operation. If
RESET is pressed again while this message is displayed, the reset will be performed.
• PRESS [ENTER] TO ADD DEFAULT MESSAGE: Appears if the decimal [.] key,
immediately followed by the ENTER key, is entered anywhere in the actual value
message structure. This message prompts the user to press ENTER to add a new
default message. To add a new default message, ENTER must be pressed while this
message is being displayed.
• DEFAULT MESSAGE HAS BEEN ADDED: Appears anytime a new default message is
added to the default message list.
• DEFAULT MESSAGE LIST IS FULL: Appears if an attempt is made to add a new default
message to the default message list when 20 messages are already assigned. To add
a new message, one of the existing messages must be removed.
• PRESS [ENTER] TO REMOVE MESSAGE: Appears if the decimal [.] key, immediately
followed by the ENTER key, is entered in the S1 489 SETUP DEFAULT MESSAGES
setpoint page. This message prompts the user to press ENTER to remove a default
message. To remove the default message, ENTER must be pressed while this message
is being displayed.
• DEFAULT MESSAGE HAS BEEN REMOVED: Appears anytime a default message is
removed from the default message list.
• DEFAULT MESSAGES 6 of 20 ARE ASSIGNED: Appears anytime the S1 489 SETUP
DEFAULT MESSAGES setpoint page is entered, notifying the user of the number of
default messages assigned.
• INVALID SERVICE CODE ENTERED: Appears if an invalid code is entered in the S12 489
TESTING FACTORY SERVICE setpoints page.
• KEY PRESSED HERE IS INVALID: Under certain situations, certain keys have no
function (for example, any number key while viewing actual values). This message
appears if a keypress has no current function.
• DATA CLEARED SUCCESSFULLY: Confirms that data is reset in the S1 489 SETUP
CLEAR DATA setpoints page.
• [.] KEY IS USED TO ADVANCE THE CURSOR: Appears immediately to prompt the use of
the [.] key for cursor control anytime a setpoint requiring text editing is viewed. If the
setpoint is not altered for 1 minute, this message flashes again.
• TOP OF PAGE: This message will indicate when the top of a page has been reached.
• BOTTOM OF PAGE: This message will indicate when the bottom of a page has been
reached.
• TOP OF LIST: This message will indicate when the top of subgroup has been reached.
• END OF LIST: This message will indicate when the bottom of a subgroup has been
reached.
• NO ALARMS ACTIVE: If an attempt is made to enter the Alarm Status message
subgroup, but there are no active alarms, this message will appear.
• THIS FEATURE NOT PROGRAMMED: If an attempt is made to enter an actual value
message subgroup, when the setpoints are not configured for that feature, this
message will appear.
• THIS PARAMETER IS ALREADY ASSIGNED: A given analog output parameters can only
be assigned to one output. If an attempt is made to assign a parameter to a second
output, this message will appear.
• THAT INPUT ALREADY USED FOR TACHOMETER: If a digital input is assigned to the
tachometer function, it cannot be used for any other digital input function. If an
attempt is made to assign a digital input to a function when it is already assigned to
tachometer, this message will appear.
• TACHOMETER MUST USE INPUT 4, 5, 6, or 7: Only digital inputs 4, 5, 6, or 7 may be
used for the tachometer function. If an attempt is made to assign inputs 1,2,3, or 4 to
the tachometer function, this message will appear.
• THAT DIGITAL INPUT IS ALREADY IN USE: If an attempt is made to assign a digital
input to tachometer when it is already assigned to another function, this message will
appear.
• To edit use VALUE UP or VALUE DOWN key: If a numeric key is pressed on a setpoint
parameter that is not numeric, this message will prompt the user to use the value
keys.
• GROUP 1 SETPOINT HAS BEEN STORED: This message appear each time a setpoint
has been altered and stored to setpoint Group 1 as shown on the display.
• GROUP 2 SETPOINT HAS BEEN STORED: This message appear each time a setpoint
has been altered and stored to setpoint Group 2 as shown on the display.
Chapter 7: Testing
Testing
7.1.1 Description
The purpose of this testing description is to demonstrate the procedures necessary to
perform a complete functional test of all the 489 hardware while also testing firmware/
hardware interaction in the process. Since the 489 is packaged in a drawout case, a demo
case (metal carry case in which the 489 may be mounted) may be useful for creating a
portable test set with a wiring harness for all of the inputs and outputs. Testing of the relay
during commissioning using a primary injection test set will ensure that CTs and wiring are
correct and complete.
The 489 tests are listed below. For the following tests refer to Secondary Current Injection
Testing on page 7–3:
1. Output Current Accuracy Test
2. Phase Voltage Input Accuracy Test
3. Ground, Neutral, and Differential Current Accuracy Test
4. Neutral Voltage (Fundamental) Accuracy Test
5. Negative Sequence Current Accuracy Test
6. RTD Accuracy Test
7. Digital Input and Trip Coil Supervision Accuracy Test
8. Analog Input and Outputs Test
9. Output Relay Test
10. Overload Curve Test
11. Power Measurement Test
12. Reactive Power Test
VC
3 PHASE VARIABLE AC TEST SET
VA
START
VB IN IA IB IC VA VB VC VN
NEUTRAL
AUTOMATIC CT
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
Vcom
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
SHORTING
HGF
Vb
Va
Vc
1A
BAR
V
PHASE a PHASE b PHASE c PHASE A PHASE B PHASE C PHASE
GROUND INPUTS
NEUTRAL END CT's OUTPUT CT's VOLTAGE INPUTS
H12
CONTROL
POWER
H11
A1 HOT
500 Ohms RTD #1
A2 COMPENSATION
A3 RTD RETURN
E12
A4 IRIG - B
COMPENSATION
500 Ohms RTD #2 F12
A5 HOT
SWITCH
E11
A6 HOT TRIP COIL +24VAC
500 Ohms RTD #3 SUPERVISION
F11 SWITCH
A7 COMPENSATION
COMMON
A8 RTD RETURN E2 START
STOP
TRIGGER TRIGGER
A9 COMPENSATION 1 TRIP F1
500 Ohms RTD #4
A10 HOT E1
G
500 Ohms
A11 HOT
RTD #5
F2
R
A12 COMPENSATION 2 AUXILIARY E3
TIMER
A13 RTD RETURN F3
G
RTD 500 Ohms
A14 COMPENSATION
RTD #6
E5
R
SIMULATION A15 HOT 3 AUXILIARY F4
RESISTORS
OR RESISTANCE
DECADE BOX 500 Ohms
D1 HOT
RTD #7
E4
G
D2 COMPENSATION F5
R
D3 RTD RETURN 4 AUXILIARY E6
500 Ohms
D4 COMPENSATION
RTD #8
F6
G
D5 HOT E8
R
D6 HOT 5 ALARM F7
500 Ohms RTD #9
D7 COMPENSATION E7
G
D8 RTD RETURN F8
G
D9 COMPENSATION 6 SERVICE E9
500 Ohms RTD #10
D10 HOT F9
R
D11 HOT
500 Ohms RTD #11
D12 COMPENSATION
D14 COMPENSATION
500 Ohms RTD #12
g
D15 HOT
D23 COMMON
COM
COM
COM
VDC
+24
1+
3+
1+
3+
2+
4+
2+
4+
-
C3
BREAKER
STATUS
C4 D25 D26 D27 B2 B3 B4 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27
A
A V
RS485 RS485
A
A
808818A3.CDR
The last two setpoints are needed to view the neutral and the differential current.
The trip element will operate when differential current exceeds 100 A.
Measured values should be ±10 A.
Inject (IA only) the values shown in the table below into one phase
only and verify accuracy of the measured values.
View the measured values in the A2 METERING DATA CURRENT
METERING menu or press the NEXT key to view the current values
when differential trip element is active.
0.1 A 100 A
0.2 A 200 A
0.5 A 500 A
1A 1000 A
1A 2000 A 1000 A
1 2
I ns = --- ( I a + a I b + aI c ) where a = 1 ∠120° = – 0.5 + j0.866
3
1 2
= --- ( 780 ∠0° + ( 1 ∠120° ) ( 1000 ∠– 113° ) + ( 1 ∠120° ) ( 1000 ∠113° ) )
3
1
= --- ( 780 ∠0° + 1000 ∠127° + 1000 ∠233° )
3 (EQ 7.3)
1
= --- ( 780 – 601.8 + j798.6 – 601.8 – j798.6 )
3
= – 141.2
I ns
%I ns = --------- × 100 = 14%
FLA
Therefore, the negative sequence current is 14% of FLA. The specification for negative-
sequence current accuracy is per output current inputs. Perform the steps below to verify
accuracy.
In the S2 SYSTEM SETUP GEN. PARAMETERS menu, set:
GENERATOR RATED MVA: “1.04”
VOLTAGE PHASE-PHASE: “600”
Note that setting VOLTAGE PHASE-PHASE to “600” is equivalent to setting FLA = 1000 A. This
is for testing purposes only!
In the S2 SYSTEM SETUP CURRENT SENSING menu, set:
PHASE CT PRIMARY: “1000 A”
Inject the values shown in the table below and verify accuracy of the
measured values.
View the measured values in the A2 METERING DATA CURRENT
METERING menu.
Measured values should be ±2°C / ±4°F for platinum/nickel and ±5°C / ±9°F for
copper.
Alter the resistance applied to the RTD inputs as shown below to
simulate RTDs and verify accuracy.
View the measured values in A2 METERING DATA TEMPERATURE.
Applied Expected RTD Measured RTD Temperature
Resistance Temperature Reading Select One: ____°C ____°F
100 Ω Platinum
°C °F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
84.27 Ω –40°C –40°F
100.00 Ω 0°C 32°F
119.39 Ω 50°C 122°F
138.50 Ω 100°C 212°F
157.32 Ω 150°C 302°F
175.84 Ω 200°C 392°F
194.08 Ω 250°C 482°F
Close switches of all of the digital inputs and the trip coil supervision
circuit.
View the status of the digital inputs and trip coil supervision in the A1
STATUS DIGITAL INPUTS menu.
4 to 20 mA Inputs:
In the S11 ANALOG I/O ANALOG INPUT 1 menu, set:
ANALOG INPUT 1: “4-20 mA”
ANALOG INPUT 1 MINIMUM: “0”
ANALOG INPUT 1 MAXIMUM: “1000” (repeat all for Analog Inputs 2 to 4)
Analog output values should be ±0.2 mA on the ammeter. Measured analog input
values should be ±10 units.
Force the analog outputs using the following setpoints from the S12
TESTING TEST ANALOG OUTPUT menu:
0 to 1 mA Analog Inputs:
In the S11 ANALOG I/O ANALOG INPUT 1 menu, set:
ANALOG INPUT 1: “0-1 mA”
ANALOG INPUT 1 MINIMUM: “0”
ANALOG INPUT 1 MAXIMUM: “1000” (repeat for Analog Inputs 2 to 4)
Analog output values should be ±0.01 mA on the ammeter. Measured analog input
values should be ±10 units.
Force the analog outputs using the following setpoints in the S12
TESTING TEST ANALOG OUTPUT menu:
Select and store values as per the table below, verifying operation
Force Expected Measurement (4 for short) Actual Measurement (4 for short)
Operation
Setpoint 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
no nc no nc no nc no nc no nc no nc no nc no nc no nc no nc no nc no nc
1 Trip 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 Auxiliary 4 4 4 4 4 4
3 Auxiliary 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 Auxiliary 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 Alarm 4 4 4 4 4 4
6 Service 4 4 4 4 4 4
All Relays 4 4 4 4 4 4
No Relays 4 4 4 4 4 4
The 6 Service relay is failsafe or energized normally. Operating output relay 6 causes it to
Note
de-energize.
NOTE
Any trip must be reset prior to each test. Short the emergency restart terminals
momentarily immediately prior to each overload curve test to ensure that the thermal
capacity used is zero. Failure to do so will result in shorter trip times. Inject the current of
the proper amplitude to obtain the values as shown and verify the trip times. Motor load
may be viewed in the A2 METERING DATA CURRENT METERING menu.
The thermal capacity used and estimated time to trip may be viewed in the A1 STATUS
GENERATOR STATUS menu.
Apply voltages as per the table below. Verify the operation on voltage
phase reversal
VB VA VB VC VN IA IB IC IN
NC NC
50:0.25
AUTOMATIC CT
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
Vcom
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
SHORTING
HGF
Vb
Va
Vc
1A
BAR
V
808817A1.CDR
These tests will require a dual channel current source. The unit must be capable of
Note
Slope 1 Check
Connect the relay test set to inject Channel Y current (IY) into the G6
terminal and out of H6 terminal.
The angle between Ix and IY will be 180°.
Set pre-fault current, Ix and IY equal to zero.
Set fault current, IY equal to 1½ CT.
At this value the relay should operate according to the following formula:
2 – Slope 1 setting 3 × CT
I XOP1 = ---------------------------------------------- × --------------- (EQ 7.6)
2 + Slope 1 setting 2
Set fault current, Ix equal to 0.95 × IXOP1.
Apply the fault.
The relay should operate.
Switch off the current.
Set fault current, Ix equal to 1.05 × IXOP1.
Apply the fault.
The relay should restrain.
Switch off the current.
Slope 2 Check
Set fault current, IY equal to 2.5 × CT.
At this value the relay should operate according to the following formula.
2 – Slope 2 setting
I XOP2 = ---------------------------------------------- × 2.5 × CT (EQ 7.7)
2 + Slope 2 setting
Set fault current, Ix equal to 0.95 × IXOP2.
Switch on the test set.
The relay should operate.
Switch off the current.
Set fault current, Ix equal to 1.05 × IXOP2.
Switch on the test set.
The relay should restrain.
Switch off the current.
Directional Check
Set pre-fault current, Ix and IY equal to 3.5 × CT.
At this value the conditions for CT saturation detection are set and
the relay will enable the directional check.
Set fault current, Ix equal to 0.95 × IXOP2.
Switch on the test set.
The relay should restrain.
Switch off the current.
Repeat steps from Minimum Pickup Check onward for phases B
and C.
Test Results
Minimum Pickup
CT 5 × CT CT 5 × CT CT 5 × CT
Ix
Iy
Slope 1
Operation
(OK/not
OK)
Ix
Iy
Slope 2
Operation
(OK/not
OK)
VC
3 PHASE VARIABLE AC TEST SET
VA
VB VA VB VC VN IA IB IC IN
AUTOMATIC CT
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
1A/5A
Vcom
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
COM
SHORTING
HGF
Vb
Va
Vc
1A
BAR
V
808822A2.CDR
The trip time for the extremely inverse ANSI curve is given as:
B D E
A + ----------------------------
- + ------------------------------------ -
- + ------------------------------------
Time to Trip = M × I I - 2 I 3 (EQ 7.8)
------------------- – C ------------------ – C ------------------- – C
K × I p K × I p K × I p
Va – Vb
I i = ----------------- (EQ 7.11)
2Z i
jθ i
where Z i = Z i × e .
Chapter A: Appendix
Appendix
A.1.1 Description
This application note describes general protection concepts and provides guidelines on
the use of the 489 to protect a generator stator against ground faults. Detailed
connections for specific features must be obtained from the relay manual. Users are
also urged to review the material contained in the 489 manual on each specific
protection feature discussed here.
The 489 Generator Management Relay offers a number of elements to protect a generator
against stator ground faults. Inputs are provided for a neutral-point voltage signal and for
a zero-sequence current signal. The zero-sequence current input can be into a nominal 1 A
secondary circuit or an input reserved for a special GE Multilin type HGF ground CT for very
sensitive ground current detection. Using the HGF CT allows measurement of ground
current values as low as 0.25 A primary. With impedance-grounded generators, a single
ground fault on the stator does not require that the unit be quickly removed from service.
The grounding impedance limits the fault current to a few amperes. A second ground fault
can, however, result in significant damage to the unit. Thus the importance of detecting all
ground faults, even those in the bottom 5% of the stator. The fault detection methods
depend on the grounding arrangement, the availability of core balance CT, and the size of
the unit. With modern full-featured digital generator protection relays such as the 489,
users do not incur additional costs for extra protection elements as they are all part of the
same device. This application note provides general descriptions of each of the elements in
the 489 suitable for stator ground protection, and discusses some special applications.
Generator
R is selected for a
maximum fault current
of 10 A, typically.
Distribution Overvoltage
R Relay
Transformer
808739A1.CDR
The operating time of this element should be coordinated with protective elements
downstream, such as feeder ground fault elements, since the neutral overvoltage element
will respond to external ground faults if the generator is directly connected to a power grid,
without the use of a delta-wye transformer.
In addition, the time delay should be coordinated with the ground directional element
(discussed later), if it is enabled, by using a longer delay on the neutral overvoltage element
than on the directional element.
It is recommended that an isolation transformer be used between the relay and the
grounding impedance to reduce common mode voltage problems, particularly on
installations requiring long leads between the relay and the grounding impedance.
When several small generators are operated in parallel with a single step-up transformer,
all generators may be grounded through the same impedance (the impedance normally
consists of a distribution transformer and a properly sized resistor). It is possible that only
one generator is grounded while the others have a floating neutral point when connected
to the power grid (see the figure below). This operating mode is often adopted to prevent
circulation of third-harmonic currents through the generators, if the installation is such
that all the star points would end up connected together ahead of the common grounding
impedance (if each generator has its own grounding impedance, the magnitude of the
circulating third harmonic current will be quite small). With a common ground point, the
same Vneutral signal is brought to all the relays but only the one which is grounded should
have the neutral overvoltage element in service.
For these cases, the neutral overvoltage element has been provided with a supervising
signal obtained from an auxiliary contact off the grounding switch. When the grounding
switch is opened, the element is disabled. The grounding switch auxiliary contact is also
used in the ground directional element, as is the breaker auxiliary contact, as discussed
later.
If all the generators are left grounded through the same impedance, the neutral
overvoltage element in each relay will respond to a ground fault in any of the generators.
For this reason, the ground directional element should be used in each relay, in addition to
the neutral overvoltage element.
Common
Grounding G1 Breaker
Impedance Grounding
Switch
Trans. & R
Aux.
Contact Aux.
Isolating
Trans. Contact
489
Vneutral Relay
G2 Breaker
Grounding
Switch
Aux.
Contact Aux.
Contact
489
Vneutral Relay
Other Generators,
as the case may be
808737A1.CDR
The core balance CT can be a conventional CT or a 50:0.025 Ground CT, allowing the
measurement of primary-side current levels down to 0.25 A. Using a Core Balance CT, on
the output side of the transformer will provide protection against stator ground faults in
ungrounded generators, provided that there is a source of zero-sequence current from the
grid.
Though in theory one could use this element with a zero sequence current signal obtained
from a summation of the three phase currents (neutral end or output end), by connecting it
in the star point of the phase CTs, Options 4 and 5 in the figure below, this approach is not
very useful. The main drawback, for impedance-grounded generators is that the zero-
sequence current produced by the CT ratio and phase errors could be much larger than
the zero sequence current produced by a real ground fault inside the generator.
Again the time delay on this element must be coordinated with protection elements
downstream, if the generator is grounded. Refer to Ground Directional on page 5–40 for
the range of settings of the pickup levels and the time delays. The time delay on this
element should always be longer than the longest delay on line protection downstream.
GENERATOR
Option 2 Option 5
(similar to Option 3 Breaker
Option 4) Aux.
Option 1
489
Option 4
808736A1.CDR
FIGURE A–3: Ground Overcurrent Element with Different Current Source Signals
grounding impedance is inductive, the plane of operation will be the 270° plane, again,
with the polarity convention shown below. If the polarity convention is reversed on one
input, the user will need to change the plane of operation by 180°.
GENERATOR
CORE
BREAKER
BALANCE
CT
Aux.
Contact
Grounding
Switch Aux.
To Relay 489 Breaker
Grounding Ground
Ground
Impedance Vneutral Directional
Current
(Trans. & Input Element
Input
Resistor) (or O/C)
Isolating
Transformer
Neutral Ground
O/V O/C
Element Element
The operating principle of this element is quite simple: for internal ground faults the two
signals will be 180° out of phase and for external ground faults, the two signals will be in
phase. This simple principle allows the element to be set with a high sensitivity, not
normally possible with an overcurrent element.
The current pickup level of the element can be adjusted down to 0.05 × CT primary,
allowing an operate level of 0.25 A primary if the 50:0.025 ground CT is used for the core
balance. The minimum level of Vneutral at which the element will operate is determined by
hardware limitations and is internally set at 2.0 V.
Because this element is directional, it does not need to be coordinated with downstream
protections and a short operating time can be used. Definite time delays are suitable for
this element.
Loaded and
Closed Closed In-service In-service In-service
Grounded
The 489 tests the following conditions prior to testing the basic operating equation to
ensure that VN3 is of a measurable magnitude:
Neutral CT Ratio
V P3′ > 0.25 V and V P3′ ≥ Permissive_Threshold × 17 × ---------------------------------------- (EQ 1.2)
Phase CT Ratio
where: VN3 is the magnitude of third harmonic voltage at the generator neutral
VP3 is the magnitude of third harmonic voltage at the generator terminals
VP3' and VN3' are the corresponding voltage transformer secondary values
Permissive_Threshold is 0.15 V for the alarm element and 0.1875 V for the trip
element.
In addition, the logic for this element verifies that the generator positive sequence terminal
voltage is at least 30% of nominal, to ensure that the generator is actually excited.
This method of using 3rd harmonic voltages to detect stator ground faults near the
Note
generator neutral has proved feasible on larger generators with unit transformers. Its
NOTE
usefulness in other generator applications is unknown.
If the phase VT connection is “Open Delta”, it is not possible to measure the third harmonic
voltage at the generator terminals and a simple third harmonic neutral undervoltage
element is used. In this case, the element is supervised by both a terminal voltage level and
by a power level. When used as a simple undervoltage element, settings should be based
on measured 3rd harmonic neutral voltage of the healthy machine. It is recommended
that the element only be used for alarm purposes with open delta VT connections.
A.1.6 References
1. C. R. Mason, “The Art & Science of Protective Relaying”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1956,
Chapter 10.
2. J. Lewis Blackburn, “Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications”, Marcel Dekker,
Inc., New York, 1987, chapter 8.
3. GE Multilin, “Instruction Manual for the 489 Generator Management Relay”.
4. R. J. Marttila, “Design Principles of a New Generator Stator Ground Relay for 100%
Coverage of the Stator Winding”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-1,
No. 4, October 1986.
where i is current samples of terminal side and neutral side CT currents (calculated per
phase).
In other words, the DC component is an absolute value of the average of current samples
over one last cycle of data.
Thereafter, per phase DC flags are determined on both the terminal and neutral side.
where D1 is a factory constant of ½, ITS and INS are the terminal and neutral side current
phasors respectively, and PKP is the minimum pickup setting.
The final DC saturation condition is derived as in the figure below (on a per-phase basis):
where DIF is a flag standing for pickup of the differential characteristic (per phase).
Detection of AC CT saturation
CT saturation due to large AC components (during external faults) if the restraining current
is above the lower breakpoint (boundary of guaranteed saturation-free CT operation),
while the differential current is relatively low (no differential pickup).
where SH is the higher slope, slope-2, and BL is the breaking point between two slopes
given by 2pu.
The flag SAT_AC as the result of a cycle delay after the flag SC' supervises the DIF flag.
The Saturation condition (SAT) per phase would be set in either condition (AC or DC
saturation), and will be reset if differential current is below slope-1 (SL) or the PKP setting,
as shown below.
FIGURE A–8: Saturation determination per phase from AC and DC saturation conditions
A.2.4.1 Background
The 489 relay is applied in a dual breaker arrangement as shown in the figure below. In this
configuration one breaker is closed at a time eliminating a danger of through fault
conditions. However, the customer prefers not to sum up the two breaker currents to
obtain effectively the terminal-side current of the generator, nor to install an extra CT at
the generator to measure the terminal-side current explicitly. Instead, the customer
applies two 489 relays each spanning its differential zone between the neutral-side CT of
the generator and the CT at the corresponding breaker.
In this application, when a breaker is closed, the other (opposite) relay would measure the
neutral-side current without the matching terminal-side current, as the latter flows via the
other (closed) breaker and it not visible to the opposite relay.
489-2 489-1
FIGURE A–10: Considered application of two 489s protecting a dual-breaker generator configura-
tion
When both breakers are opened both relays be operational with the differential function
enabled. The application is based on blocking the differential function using the position of
the opposite breaker via the multiple setting group mechanism of the relay.
When both breakers are opened, both relays are in their setting group 1 with the
differential functions operational. When a breaker is closed, its relay remains in group 1 so
that no setting group switching takes place and therefore continuous uninterrupted
protection is provided for the generator. At the same time the opposite relay is blocked by
switching to group 2 in which the differential function is disabled. This prevents mis-
operation. There is no provision for an “advanced close” signal, and the breaker position
signal is used instead.
In addition, enhanced differential protection algorithm takes care the timing offset
between the main and auxiliary contacts of the breaker. As a result, maximum of 50ms
timing offset between the main and auxiliary contacts of the breaker will block the
differential function.
The differential function uses an internal timer of 130ms as shown in the figure below. This
timer is a common timer for all three phases of the differential function. Normally, the timer
is not engaged ensuring instantaneous operation and backward compatibility with the
previous firmware revisions of the product.
The timer is engaged only when the terminal-side currents in all three phases are zero. If
any of the terminal currents is above 5% of CT nominal, the timer is by-passed. Also, if any
of the neutral-side current is above 5 times CT nominal, the timer is by-passed as well.
In this logic the current magnitudes are filtered fundamental frequency components (T
stands for terminal-side currents, and N stands for neutral-side currents); PKP denotes the
pickup state of the element prior to any user set delay that may or may not be used in a
particular application; A, B and C designate phases.
The differential element works as follows:
With the machine under load, the terminal currents are above 5% of CT nominal and no
delay is applied to the differential function.
With the machine on-line but with no load (below 5%) the delay is applied. However, should
a fault occur at that time, at least one of the terminal current would get elevated
cancelling the delay and resulting in an instantaneous trip.
With the opposite breaker being closed as in the considered dual-breaker application, a
current is drawn (either transformer inrush or load or both). This will activate the
differential characteristic. However, the timer remains engaged because all the terminal
currents (ABC) are zero, and all the neutral-side currents (ABC) are below 5 times CT
nominal. The timer keeps timing out. However, before it expires the relay switches to group
2 and blocks the differential function. This prevents misoperation.
Normally, no extra
IT mag A > 0.05pu
delay is applied
0ms
OR
OR
IT mag C > 0.05pu
AND
OR
OR
87 PKP
87 PKP A
130ms
OR
87 PKP B
0ms
87 PKP C
With no terminal side currents, a
delay of an extra 130ms is applied
to the differential function.
Should a fault occur during the first 50-60ms after closing the breaker, the corresponding
relay would trip instantly. Before closing the breaker the corresponding relay too applies a
delay. However, once the load/inrush current exceeds 5% of CT nominal, its timer is by-
passed and instantaneous protection is provided.
Should a fault occur during generator start-up with both breakers opened, both relays
would operate after the extra time delay of 130ms. This delay is acceptable under such
conditions. Even this delay will be eliminated if the fault is heavy enough to draw more
than 5 times CT nominal from the neutral-side of the generator.
For proper implementation, the internal timer is cleared each time the 87 function
becomes enabled (so that a partial time out from the previous “enabled” period does not
affect the intended operation).
HGF3C
808840A1
HGF5C
808841A1
HGF8
808842A1
GCT5 GCT16
DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS
808709A1.CDR
808712A1.CDR
489 ANSI
GE Multilin MODERATELY INVERSE
1000
100
MULTIPLIER
10
30.0
TRIP TIME (sec)
20.0
15.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
1
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.1 0.5
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
489 ANSI
GE Multilin NORMALLY INVERSE
1000
100
10 MULTIPLIER
TRIP TIME (sec)
30.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
1 8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.1
0.5
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
CURRENT (I/Ipu) 808801A4.CDR
489 ANSI
GE Multilin VERY INVERSE
1000
100
10
MULTIPLIER
TRIP TIME (sec)
30.0
20.0
15.0
1 10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
0.1 1.0
0.5
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
CURRENT (I/Ipu) 808800A4.DWG
489 ANSI
GE Multilin EXTREME INVERSE
1000
100
10
TRIP TIME (sec)
MULTIPLIER
30.0
20.0
1
15.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
0.1
1.0
0.5
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
808799A4.CDR
CURRENT (I/Ipu)
FIGURE A–15: ANSI Extremely Inverse Curves
489
GE Multilin DEFINITE TIME
1000
100
10
TRIP TIME (sec)
MULTIPLIER
30.0
20.0
15.0
1 10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
0.1 1.0
0.5
0.01
0.1
100
10
1
489 IAC
GE Multilin
SHORT INVERSE
1000
100
MULTIPLIER
10
TRIP TIME (sec)
30.0
1
20.0
15.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.1
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.01
0.1
10
100
489
GE Multilin IAC INVERSE
1000
100
10 MULTIPLIER
30.0
TRIP TIME (sec)
20.0
15.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
1 4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.1
0.01
1
0.1
10
100
489 IAC
GE Multilin VERY INVERSE
1000
100
10
MULTIPLIER
TRIP TIME (sec)
30.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
1 8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.1
0.5
0.01
0.1
10
100
1
489 IAC
GE Multilin
EXTREME INVERSE
1000
100
10
TRIP TIME (sec)
MULTIPLIER
30.0
1
20.0
15.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.1
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.01
0.1
10
100
489
GE Multilin IEC CURVE A (BS142)
1000
100
10
TRIP TIME (sec)
MULTIPLIER
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.50
1
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
100
1
489
GE Multilin IEC CURVE B (BS142)
1000
100
10
TRIP TIME (sec)
MULTIPLIER
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.1
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.01
0.1
100
10
489
GE Multilin IEC CURVE C (BS142)
1000
100
10
TRIP TIME (sec)
MULTIPLIER
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.1 0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.01
0.05
1
10
0.1
100
1601-0150-A4
A2.1,
Stator Differential Protection with Enhanced
A2 A2.2, Add
Logic for CT Saturation and Directionality
A2.3
5.2.4 5.2.4
Revision Date Range changed
6.2.8 6.2.8
2.1.2 2.1.2
Update Changes to DC Power Supply range
2.2.5 2.2.5
Additional changes for revision A2 were cosmetic. There was no change to content.
A.7 Warranty
Numerics
0-1mA ANALOG INPUT ................................................................................... 3-15
4-20mA ANALOG INPUT ................................................................................. 3-15
50:0.025 CT ...................................................................................................... 3-12
A
ACCESS SWITCH .............................................................................................. 5-21
ACCESSORIES .................................................................................................... 2-5
ACTUAL VALUES
messages .......................................................................................................... 6-3
ALARM PICKUPS ............................................................................................... 6-12
ALARM RELAY .......................................................................................... 3-17, 5-28
ALARM STATUS ................................................................................................. 6-6
ALARMS ....................................................................................................... 5-6, 5-7
ANALOG IN MIN/MAX ...................................................................................... 6-23
ANALOG INPUTS .............................................................................................. 3-14
actual values .......................................................................................... 6-20, 6-23
analog I/P min/max ......................................................................................... 5-17
min/max .......................................................................................................... 6-23
minimums and maximums .............................................................................. 5-23
setpoints .......................................................................................................... 5-98
specifications ................................................................................................... 2-6
testing .............................................................................................................. 7-9
ANALOG OUTPUTS ........................................................................................... 3-15
setpoints .......................................................................................................... 5-96
specifications ................................................................................................... 2-7
table ................................................................................................................ 5-97
testing .............................................................................................................. 7-9
ANSI CURVES .......................................................................................... 5-30, A-19
ANSI DEVICE NUMBERS ................................................................................... 2-2
APPLICATION NOTES
current transformers ...................................................................................... A-15
stator ground fault ........................................................................................... A-1
AUXILIARY RELAY .................................................................................... 3-17, 5-28
B
BAUD RATE .............................................................................................. 2-14, 5-12
setpoints .......................................................................................................... 5-13
BREAKER FAILURE ........................................................................................... 5-90
BREAKER STATUS ............................................................................................. 5-21
BURDEN ............................................................................................................. 2-6
C
CALIBRATION INFO .......................................................................................... 6-31
D
DEFAULT MESSAGES ..................................................................... 5-10, 5-14, 5-15
DEFINITE TIME CURVE ........................................................................... 5-32, A-23
DEMAND DATA ................................................................................................. 5-23
DEMAND METERING ...................................................................... 2-12, 5-93, 6-20
DEMAND PERIOD ............................................................................................. 5-94
DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................... 2-1
DEVICE NUMBERS .............................................................................................. 2-2
DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGES ................................................................................. 6-32
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH
specifications .................................................................................................. 2-14
testing ............................................................................................................. 3-18
DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT ACCURACY TEST ..................................................... 7-5
DIGITAL COUNTER ........................................................................................... 5-23
DIGITAL INPUTS ............................................................................................... 3-14
actual values ................................................................................................... 6-15
dual setpoints .................................................................................................. 5-24
field-breaker discrepancy ............................................................................... 5-26
general input ................................................................................................... 5-22
ground switch status ....................................................................................... 5-27
E
EMERGENCY RESTARTS ................................................................................... 5-23
ENERVISTA VIEWPOINT WITH THE 489 ......................................................... 4-44
ENTERING TEXT ................................................................................................. 4-5
ETHERNET
actual values .................................................................................................... 6-4
setpoints .......................................................................................................... 5-13
EU ..................................................................................................................... A-37
EU Declaration of Conformity ...................................................................... A-37
EVENT RECORD
cause of events ............................................................................................... 6-29
EVENT RECORDER .......................................................................... 5-17, 5-23, 6-28
F
FACTORY SERVICE ......................................................................................... 5-104
FAULT SETUP .................................................................................................. 5-102
FEATURES ........................................................................................... 2-2, 2-3, 2-10
FIELD-BREAKER DISCREPANCY ...................................................................... 2-11
FIRMWARE
upgrading via EnerVista 489 setup software .................................................. 4-30
FLASH MESSAGES ............................................................................................ 6-33
FLEXCURVE ....................................................................................................... 5-31
FLOW ................................................................................................................. 3-14
FREQUENCY TRACKING .................................................................................... 2-6
FRONT PANEL
using ................................................................................................................. 1-3
FUSE .................................................................................................................. 2-13
G
GENERAL COUNTERS ....................................................................................... 6-27
GENERAL INPUTS .................................................................................... 2-12, 5-22
GENERATOR INFORMATION ............................................................................ 5-17
GENERATOR LOAD ........................................................................................... 6-22
GENERATOR PARAMETERS ............................................................................. 5-19
GENERATOR STATUS ........................................................................................ 6-4
GETTING STARTED ............................................................................................ 1-1
GROUND CT
burden .............................................................................................................. 2-6
setpoint ........................................................................................................... 5-18
H
HELP KEY .......................................................................................................... 1-10
HIGH-SET PHASE OVERCURRENT .................................................................. 5-42
HI-POT .............................................................................................................. 3-18
HOT/COLD SAFE STALL RATIO ....................................................................... 5-87
I
IAC CURVES ............................................................................................ 5-31, A-24
IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................................. 3-2
IEC CURVES ............................................................................................ 5-30, A-28
IED SETUP ......................................................................................................... 4-13
INADVERTENT ENERGIZATION ................................................................ 2-9, 5-34
INJECTION TEST SETUP .................................................................. 7-3, 7-15, 7-19
INPUTS
analog ...................................................................................................... 2-6, 3-14
current ............................................................................................. 2-7, 3-11, 3-12
digital ....................................................................................................... 2-6, 3-14
general ............................................................................................................ 2-12
RTD ........................................................................................................... 2-7, 3-15
voltage ..................................................................................................... 2-7, 3-14
INSERTION .......................................................................................................... 3-4
INSPECTION CHECKLIST ................................................................................... 1-1
INSTALLATION .................................................................................................... 3-3
IRIG-B ....................................................................................................... 3-17, 5-13
K
KEYPAD ............................................................................................................... 4-3
help .................................................................................................................. 1-10
L
LAST TRIP DATA ............................................................... 5-17, 5-23, 6-5, 6-9, 6-12
LEARNED PARAMETERS .................................................................................. 5-23
LEDs ..................................................................................................... 4-1, 4-2, 4-3
LONG-TERM STORAGE .................................................................................... 2-17
LOOP POWERED TRANSDUCERS .................................................................... 3-14
LOSS OF EXCITATION ............................................................................... 2-9, 5-55
LOSS OF LOAD ................................................................................................... 4-3
LOW FORWARD POWER ................................................................................. 5-63
N
NAMEPLATE ....................................................................................................... 1-1
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT ACCURACY TEST ....................................... 7-6
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERCURRENT .......................................................... 5-36
NEGATIVE-SEQUENCE CURRENT ................................................................... 6-17
NEUTRAL CURRENT ACCURACY TEST ............................................................. 7-5
NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE ........................................................................ 5-51, A-2
NEUTRAL UNDERVOLTAGE ............................................................................. 5-53
NEUTRAL VOLTAGE ACCURACY TEST ..................................................... 7-6, 7-16
NUMERICAL SETPOINTS .................................................................................. 1-10
O
OFFLINE OVERCURRENT ................................................................................. 5-33
OPEN DELTA ..................................................................................................... 3-14
OPEN DELTA CONNECTED VTs ....................................................................... 5-54
OPEN RTD SENSOR .......................................................................................... 5-68
ORDER CODES ................................................................................................... 2-6
OUTPUT CURRENT ACCURACY TEST ............................................................... 7-4
OUTPUT RELAY LEDs ........................................................................................ 4-3
OUTPUT RELAYS
1 Trip ................................................................................................................ 3-16
2 Auxiliary ........................................................................................................ 3-17
3 Auxiliary ........................................................................................................ 3-17
4 Auxiliary ........................................................................................................ 3-17
5 Alarm ............................................................................................................ 3-17
6 Service .......................................................................................................... 3-17
setpoints .......................................................................................................... 5-28
specifications ................................................................................................... 2-8
testing ............................................................................................................. 7-11
wiring ............................................................................................................... 3-16
P
PACKAGING ...................................................................................................... 2-15
PARAMETER AVERAGES .................................................................................. 6-22
PARITY ...................................................................................................... 5-12, 5-13
PASSCODE ................................................................................................... 5-9, 6-1
PEAK DEMAND ........................................................................................ 5-17, 6-20
PHASE CT PRIMARY ................................................................................ 5-18, 5-19
PHASE CTs ....................................................................................................... A-18
PHASE CURRENT INPUTS ................................................................................ 3-11
PHASE DIFFERENTIAL ...................................................................................... 5-39
PHASE DIFFERENTIAL TRIP TEST .................................................................... 7-16
PHASE OVERCURRENT .................................................................................... 5-35
PHASE REVERSAL ............................................................................................. 5-48
PHASE REVERSAL TEST ................................................................................... 7-14
POSITIVE-SEQUENCE CURRENT ..................................................................... 6-17
POWER DEMAND ............................................................................................. 5-93
POWER MEASUREMENT CONVENTIONS ....................................................... 5-60
POWER MEASUREMENT TEST ......................................................................... 7-13
POWER METERING .................................................................................. 2-13, 6-18
POWER SUPPLY ...................................................................................... 2-13, 3-11
POWER SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 5-19, 5-20
PRE-FAULT SETUP ......................................................................................... 5-101
PREFERENCES .................................................................................................. 5-10
PRESSURE ......................................................................................................... 3-14
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................... 3-2
R
REACTIVE POWER ............................................................................................ 5-61
REACTIVE POWER TEST ................................................................................... 7-13
REAL TIME CLOCK ................................................................................... 5-13, 6-15
RELAY ASSIGNMENT PRACTICES ..................................................................... 5-7
RELAY RESET MODE ......................................................................................... 5-28
REMOTE RESET ................................................................................................. 5-23
RESETTING THE 489 ........................................................................................ 5-28
RESIDUAL GROUND CONNECTION ................................................................ 3-12
REVERSE POWER ............................................................................................. 5-62
REVISION HISTORY ......................................................................................... A-31
RS232 COMMUNICATIONS ...................................................................... 4-3, 5-12
configuring with EnerVista 469 setup ............................................................. 4-17
configuring with EnerVista 489 setup ............................................................. 4-15
configuring with EnerVista 750/760 Setup ...................................................... 4-17
connections ..................................................................................................... 4-11
RS485 COMMUNICATIONS .................................................................... 3-17, 5-12
configuring with EnerVista 469 setup ............................................................. 4-17
configuring with EnerVista 489 setup ............................................................. 4-15
configuring with EnerVista 750/760 Setup ...................................................... 4-17
connections ..................................................................................................... 4-12
RTD
actual values .......................................................................................... 6-19, 6-23
maximums ..................................................................................... 5-17, 5-23, 6-22
sensor connections ......................................................................................... 3-15
setpoints ........................................................................................ 5-65, 5-66, 5-67
specifications ........................................................................................... 2-7, 2-11
testing .............................................................................................................. 7-7
RTD ACCURACY TEST ........................................................................................ 7-7
RTD BIAS ........................................................................................................... 5-87
RTD MAXIMUMS ............................................................................................... 6-22
RTD SENSOR, OPEN ......................................................................................... 5-68
RTD SHORT/LOW TEMPERATURE ................................................................... 5-69
RTD TYPES ........................................................................................................ 5-64
RUNNING HOUR SETUP .................................................................................. 5-95
RUNNING HOURS ............................................................................................ 5-23
S
SEQUENTIAL TRIP ................................................................................... 2-12, 5-25
SERIAL PORTS .................................................................................................. 5-12
SERIAL START/STOP INITIATION .................................................................... 5-20
SERVICE RELAY ................................................................................................ 3-17
SETPOINT ENTRY ............................................................................................... 4-6
SETPOINT MESSAGE MAP ................................................................................ 5-1
SETPOINTS
changing ........................................................................................................... 1-9
dual setpoints ................................................................................................... 5-8
T
TACHOMETER ................................................................................. 2-12, 5-26, 6-21
TEMPERATURE ................................................................................................. 6-19
TEMPERATURE DISPLAY .................................................................................. 5-10
TERMINAL LAYOUT ............................................................................................ 3-7
TERMINAL LIST ................................................................................................... 3-8
TERMINAL LOCATIONS ...................................................................................... 3-7
TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................... 2-15
TEST ANALOG OUTPUT ................................................................................. 5-103
TEST INPUT ....................................................................................................... 5-23
TEST OUTPUT RELAYS ................................................................................... 5-102
TESTS
differential current accuracy ............................................................................ 7-5
ground current accuracy .......................................................................... 7-5, 7-15
list ...................................................................................................................... 7-1
negative-sequence current accuracy ............................................................... 7-6
neutral current accuracy ................................................................................... 7-5
neutral voltage accuracy ......................................................................... 7-6, 7-16
output current accuracy ................................................................................... 7-4
output relays ................................................................................................... 7-11
overload curves ............................................................................................... 7-12
phase current accuracy .................................................................................... 7-4
power measurement ....................................................................................... 7-13
production tests .............................................................................................. 2-14
reactive power ................................................................................................ 7-13
RTD accuracy ..................................................................................................... 7-7
secondary injection setup ................................................................................. 7-3
U
UNBALANCE BIAS ............................................................................................ 5-84
UNDERFREQUENCY ......................................................................................... 5-49
UNDERVOLTAGE ..................................................................................... 2-11, 5-43
UNPACKING THE RELAY ................................................................................... 1-1
UPGRADING FIRMWARE .................................................................................. 4-30
V
VIBRATION ........................................................................................................ 3-14
VOLTAGE DEPENDENT OVERLOAD CURVE ................................................... 5-77
VOLTAGE INPUTS
description ....................................................................................................... 3-14
specifications ................................................................................................... 2-6
testing .............................................................................................................. 7-4
VOLTAGE METERING ........................................................................................ 6-17
VOLTAGE RESTRAINED OVERCURRENT
setpoints .......................................................................................................... 5-35
testing ............................................................................................................. 7-20
VOLTAGE SENSING .......................................................................................... 5-18
VOLTS/HERTZ ................................................................................................... 5-45
VT FUSE FAILURE ............................................................................................. 5-92
VT RATIO ........................................................................................................... 5-18
VTFF .................................................................................................................. 5-92
VTs
open delta ....................................................................................................... 5-54
W
WARRANTY ............................................................................................. A-31, A-38
WAVEFORM CAPTURE ..................................................................................... 5-27
WIRING DIAGRAM ............................................................................................ 3-10
WITHDRAWAL .................................................................................................... 3-4
WYE ................................................................................................................... 3-14
WYE CONNECTED VTs ..................................................................................... 5-53