Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ethics and Police Community Relation
Ethics and Police Community Relation
ETHICS AND POLICE COMMUNITY RELATION Some officers feel that there is a difference in that the information
obtained by the doctor and attorney is freely given with the understanding that will
Excerpts from the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics be confidential whereas the he information obtained as part the law enforcement
officer can be the result of many sources or forms of investigation.
“As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind”
How it was obtained is really not important. The fact that it was obtained
This passage is contained in two words: “duty” and “service”. Too often we forget as part of the officer’s occupation, and is usually information that he would not have
that law enforcement is not just a job for which we are hired as one would hire a otherwise obtained had he not been in that field, is the key point.
laborer or tradesman. It involves a sworn duty. Some progressive police department
now requires that its officers reaffirm their oath each year in an effort to drive home This information should never leave the department or the person
the message that is contained in this sworn oath. And to again remind the officer of retaining it unless it is in the interest of justice. An officer should even be careful
the essential relationship between his job and the free society in which he lives. not to reveal information to his wife. An officer’s wife is often very tempted to
reveal information of a confidential nature of neighbor women in an effort to show
The word “serve” denotes the denial of one’s own pleasures and desire for the good her neighbors the importance of her husband’s job, and to gain status in the eyes of
of the person or persons to be served. Service involves dedication and sacrifice of the neighbor women.
the giving of one’s self. These are words that many find hard to swallow in his
present day and age but the job of professional law enforcement requires a special “I will never permit personnal feelings, predujice, animosities or friendship to
creed of man. influence my decisions”
“To safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the It is quite difficult to know which desire is strongest in some persons, to help our
weak against oppression or intimidation; and the peaceful against violence or friends or to hurt our enemies. Both desires are part of our human nature. Helping
disorder” our friends can be very good thing in self, but when it involves an inequity in the
administration of justice we are defiling the oath we made to the community in
We must, however, understand some of the limitations that are present in a truly which we serve. In police work, there is ample opportunity to both hurt enemies and
democratic society. In such a society as ours, this task can often be a difficult one, help friends, and it takes a person of strong character to properly perform his duties
because protecting the rights of the individual means also protecting the right of the under these circumstances. Without professional convictions, this can be
criminal. This is sometimes a hard pill for law enforcement officers to swallow. impossibility.
Because of this, some officers stray politically to the far right in an effort to either “I will never act officiously”
seek a system where their job would be made easier, or to better protect the society
that they have sworn to serve. It is easy for an officer to become bitter when he has One of the faults common to new officers is that they often act
continually witnessed the ends of justice thwarted by red tape politics and officiously. They appear to the public to be over-impressed with their own
technicalities of the law. The more truly idealistic he is, the more frustrated he can importance. In a way this is natural because it is associated with pride and a new
become, especially if he lacks a philosophy or understanding of his true purpose in officer is usually very proud for his is a noble undertaking. However, a law
the society which he serves. Why must the idealistic officer suffer so? When a enforcement officer must always guard against having this pride misinterpreted by
good carpenter does his best, in building a fine house, one that can be seen and the public as being merely officious.
admired by all, he can stand back and look at his job with a feeling of
accomplishment and satisfaction. The same applies to an artist or anyone in the The majority of the people who make contact with a law enforcement
skilled trades. Why not, then the policemen? Why must a good policeman, who officer during his hour of duty are not criminals. The majority of the persons
works hard for the ends of justice, see the products of his work so often crumble at receiving tickets from an officer are normally law abiding, upright citizens of the
his feet? community, and they are usually embarrassed enough by being caught inn a traffic
violation without being talked down to or treated like a criminal. Judges often report
“To respect the constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice” that a common reason for a person appearing in traffic court as not so much to
contest the facts of the offense as it is complain about the demeanor of the officer
Respecting the rights of others is not one of man’s natural qualities. It seems to be issuing the citation.
part of his nature to suspect and persecute those who are in any different from him.
There is no perfect justice on this earth, nor will there ever be, because man is not all “With no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals, I will
knowing “nor” is he himself perfect. Still we must strive for a form of justice that enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill-
represents our ultimate capability. This involves not only great effort on the part or will”
very-person in the community, but individual sacrifice as well.
The term “with no compromise for crime” means that crime will not be
One of the greatest areas of fault among police officers generally, is not so much a knowingly permitted. It does not mean that the officer must perform his duties to
prejudice against the criminal. For example, an officer soon learns from experience the “letter of the law” without taking into consideration the “spirit of the law”. If the
that a certain group of persons is often responsible for the majority of the crimes Code of Ethics will be examined, nothing will be found in it to the effect than an
committed such an offense. Such a prejudice could lead to the faulty conclusion that officer must obtain convictions and send people to prison for long periods of time. It
he is the guilty person. This soon leads to a general feeling or prejudice against all does state, however, that he must do the best of which he is capable, and that his
those who have been convicted of prior offenses, and an almost subconscious refusal actions must in them be ethical. No man can predict or guarantee the final results of
to accord them the same right that the Constitution provides for all persons. any action. Only god can do this, Man can only be responsible for his immediate
actions. If an officer does a good job and the court release the criminal, the blame
“I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all” rests not upon him but upon the courts, the jury or society itself. The modern law
enforcement officer has a new motto “Be firm but fair”. He does not have to be a
One of the first things that a law enforcement officer must learn is that he has no “theory bound” sociologist just because he treats criminals like human beings.
private life. Every citizen should be entitled to his own private life yet when a
person accepts the calling of Law enforcement, as a voluntary measure, he must be The professional law enforcement officer lets the criminal call the tune as to his own
willing to offer his privacy as a sacrifice to the good of the community which he treatment. The officers can and must be as tough as the situation demands yet there
serves. If a law enforcement officer could hide from his neighbors the facts that he is is no personal vindictiveness in the way he treats the criminal. His tone of voice and
a policeman, then his private life could be his own. This, however, is impossibility. demeanor usually indicate that he will not be walked on, yet his actions are fair
If a policeman has a family, hi occupation will become known in the neighborhood
within a few days at the most. It he is single, and keeps to himself, he may keep the “I will never employ unnecessary force or violence”
secret a little longer, but if he is engaged in active law enforcement within his
community, it is inevitable that his neighbors will become aware of it. One this is At times the use of force in the performance of one’s duties is an absolute
known, he will become the Object of constant observation. necessity. There is no escaping it. It is extremely difficult to judge exactly whether
or not use of force is necessary in a given situation. The use of force or violence
“ Maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule and develop during interrogations will often produce immediate confessions, but it should be
self restrain” avoided on ethical grounds. The interrogator seldom knows with complete certainty
that the suspect is guilty, and the use of force or the “third degree” on an innocent
In a democratic society, a police officer is a public officer and as such is person is certainly a miscarriage of justice as well as a violation of professional
a servant to the community. Instead of being above reproach or ridicule, he must conduct. As a means of Punishment for the criminal, it would be out of place for it
expect to receive his position, as part of his job. It is not easy to control one’s is not the function of law enforcement to punish criminals. This belongs to the
temper when being subjected to unnecessary and unjustified scorn or ridicule. courts and prisons.
Punching the perpetrator in the mouth will hurt him physically, but psychologically
he will sense victory in that he knows that he “got to the officer.” Nothing will hurt
“I will never accept gratuities”
him more than being ignored. Through practice, even the officer with temper can
learn to control it. For the professional law enforcement officer it is “must”. When
Those members of law enforcement who developed this code, were certainly aware
subjected to scorn and ridicule, it often helps just to consider the source.
of the complexities of this particular area, but the use of the word “never” in relation
to accepting gratuities, indicated that they felt that this was a necessary and essential
“ Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my
prerequisite to professional law enforcement. To be truly professional we must first
official capacity will be kept secret unless revelation is necessary in the
be ethical, we must do what is actually describe, not merely what we would like to
performance of my duty”
be desirable.
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“ I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a The policeman shall cooperate fully with other public officials in the performance or
public trust to be held so long as I am true to the ethics of police service” authorized duties, regardless of party affiliation or personal prejudices. He shall be
meticulous law, however, in assuring himself of property, under the law, such
The essence of this section is one of the most overlooked and forgotten actions and shall guard against the use of his office or person whether knowingly or
facets of law enforcement by the man in the field. It is this that distinguishes the in any improper or illegal action.
difference between law enforcement and the ordinary job. It is this that enables an
officer to suffer the difficulties and problems that make the held, at times, so
frustrating and discouraging. Police administrators would do well to place more
Proper Conduct and Behavior
emphasis upon the swearing-process. It should be made very formal and similar to
the initiation of many fraternal organizations.
The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as an
upholder of law. Police laxity of conduct or manner in private life, expressing either
The chief of Police should see that the recruit is not issued a badge or
disrespect for the law or seeking to gain special prevail, cannot but reflect upon in
allowed to put on a uniform until he is thoroughly familiar with the code of ethics
the policeman and the police service. The community and the service requires that
and especially the above section. He should be made to understand that he is one of
the policeman leads the life of decent and honorable person, following the career of
a select few, and that his job is public trust that must be earned. The new officer
policeman gives no special pre-requisite.
should also understand that any personal reward would not be obtained from the
public itself. This is so because the public is a difficult master, it there no to personal
reward, it can only come from itself or from knowing the true significance of the job Conduct towards the Community
and the essential role that in plays in society. Perhaps the greatest reward is the self-
respect and satisfaction that comes from the knowledge that the job was done in a The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community
truly professional manner. He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner calculated to instill
respect for its law.
“I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives and ideals dedicating my self He shall conduct his official life in a manner that will inspire confidence and trust.
before God, to my chosen profession… Law Enforcement” He will be neither overbearing nor subservient, as no individual citizen has no
obligation to stand in awe of him or fight to command him.
Proficiency in law enforcement involves many factors. It involves mental, He will do neither from personal preference or prejudice but rather a duly appointed
moral and physical conditioning. They are all-important aspects. The officer officer of the law discharging his sworn obligation.
who let him self-slip physically is certainly not able to protect society. The
officer who is in good physical condition has more confidence in his ability, and
Conduct in Arresting Law Violator
those with whom he deals sense this, and as a result he finds that it is necessary
to exert authority as much as it might be otherwise. Unfortunately, most police
Policeman shall use his powers of arrest in accordance with the law and with due
department requires a stiff physical agility examination before this area is
regard to the rights of the citizen concerned.
either forgotten or greatly neglected. It is left up to the individual officer to
He shall, at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and limitation
keep himself in shape.
regarding the detention of the accused.
The Canons of Police Ethics
He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility of having
to use force.
The following are the cannons of Police ethics:
He shall cultivate a dedication to the people and the equitable upholding of the law
whether in the handling of the accused or law-abiding citizen.
Primordial police responsibility
Limitation of Police authority
Firmness in Refusing Gifts or Favors
Knowledge of the law and other responsibilities
Use of proper means to obtain proper ends.
Cooperation with public officials Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of maintaining, in
Proper conduct and behavior his conduct, the honor and integrity of all government institution.
Conduct toward the community He shall guard against placing himself in a Position in which the public can
Conduct in arresting law violators. reasonably assume that special consideration is being given.
Firmness in refusing gifts or favors. He shall be firm in refusing gifts, favors or gratitude, large or small, which can be
Impartial presentation of evidence public mind, be interpreted as capable of influencing his judgment in the discharge
Attitude toward police profession of his duties.
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Prevention of Crime and Disorder
In this regard, the member of the Philippine National Police must adhere to and
The basic mission for whom the police exist is to prevent crime and internalize the enduring core values of the PNP.
disorder as an alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by police force and
severity of legal punishment. Love of God.
Respect for authority.
Cooperation of Crime and Disorder Respect for women
Respect for sanctity of marriage.
Stewardship over material things
The police must secure the willing cooperation in the voluntary observance of the
Responsible dominion
law to be able to secure and maintain the respect and support of the community. The
Truthfulness
ability of the police to perform their duty is dependent upon community support of
police existence, actions, behavior and the ability of the police to secure and
The Police Officer’s Pledge
maintain community and respect.
I will love and serve God, my country and people.
Unreasonable Force Reduce Community Cooperation
I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of duly constituted authorities.
I will oblige myself to maintain high standard of morality.
A police officer will never employ unnecessary force or violence and will use only
I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service.
such force in the discharge of duty as in reasonable in all circumstances. Force
I will live a decent and virtuous Life to serve as an example.
should be used only with the greatest restraint and only after discussion, negotiation
and persuasion have been found to be inappropriate or ineffective. While the use of
force is occasionally unavoidable, every police officer will refrain from applying the
The Police Officer’s Creed
unnecessary infliction of pain or suffering and will never engage in cruel, degrading
of inhuman treatment of any person.
I believe in God, the Supreme Being and Great provider, the Creator of all men and
everything dear to me. In return, I can do less than love Him above all, seek His
Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion Is Sufficient
guidance in the performance of my duties and honor Him at all times.
I believe that respect for authority is a duty
The police should use reasonable force to the extent necessary to secure observance
I believe and uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land and the applicable rules
of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and
and regulations.
warning is found to be insufficient to attain police objectives. No violence or
I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal
unnecessary force shall be subject to any greater restrain than is necessary for his
orders of my superior officers.
detention.
I believe in selfless love and service to people.
Toward this end, I commit myself to the service of my fellowmen over and above
Impartial Enforcement of Laws
my personal convenience.
I believe in the sanctity of marriage and the respect for women.
The police seek and preserve community favor, not by catering to community
I shall set the example of decency and morality.
opinion, but constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial enforcement of laws,
I shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
without regard to the justice and injustice of the substance of particular laws. In
I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship over material things.
short, there should be impartial enforcement of laws on all individual members of
I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious display of my property.
the, society without regard to their race of social standing.
I shall protect the environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance.
I shall not intrigue, gossip or make unverified statement concerning personal
The Community is the Police
character of conduct, which will discredit another member of the police service.
The police at all times should maintain relationship with the community that gives
The Police Code of Covenant
really to the historic tradition that the police are the community are the police. The
police are the only members of the community who are pain to give full time
I shall recognize and I will always be conscious of the fact that the police service is
attention to maintain peace and order, which are incumbent on every citizen in the
an honorable calling, thus compelling me to set the example by strictly adhering to
interest of community welfare.
the provision of the code of professional conduct and ethical standards.
Police Should Not Usurp Judicial Powers
I bind myself to promote and enhance the noble ideas and aspirations of code of my
personal and professional life and ensure that its tenets shall be honored at all times.
The police should always direct their actions strictly toward their functions and
never appear to usurp the powers of judiciary by averaging individuals of the state of
authoritative judging guilt of punishing the guilt. This is my personal covenant.
The test of police efficiency is the reduction of crime and disorder until totally Lord God Almighty, grant us that we may this day and everyday over all temptations
eradicated, not by evidence of police present and action in dealing with the especially to injustices and disloyalty and with our minds inflamed by Your Holy
community. Spirit, perform all our duties in such a manner that as maybe pleasing to Your
Devine Will so that when call to report for the last time, we may not be found
Rules of Enforcement Impartially Observed wanting. Amen.
Policemen engaged in anti-crime operation always consider the safety and security The Filipino Policeman
of who might be caught in the crossfire or arm encounters.
The use of force including firearms is justifiable only by virtue of the Doctrine of A Filipino policeman is a protector and a friend of the people. His badge is the
self-defense and Defense of a Stranger. Nobody, including the policeman and other symbol of the citizen’s faith and trust, his uniform a mirror of decorum and integrity
law enforcement authorities is above the law. and his whole human person an oblation of enduring love for homeland, fellowmen
The use of force, especially firearms, should be applied only as a last resort, when all and god.
other peaceful and non-violent means has been exhausted.
The use of force, especially firearms, should be confined only in the lawless A Filipino policeman emulates the valor of Lapu Lapu, serenity of Rizal, the
elements and the responding PNP unit. This is inherent in the police service in leadership of Aguinaldo, the courage of Bonifacio, the idealism of Del pilar, the
which the profession, the armaments and safety life of every police officer are wisdom of Mabini and the fortitude of Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora.
dedicated to the protection and safety of the people.
A Filipino policeman has an oath for his republic to uphold: to defend the
Police Discretion constitution, honor the flag, obey the laws and duly constituted authorities. He has
covenant with his people to comply: to safeguard and protect them even beyond the
A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in the position and call of duty. And he has a legacy for his family to fulfill: to bequeath unto them the
exercise if within the law. The principle of reasonableness will guide the officer’s one and only treasure of his life - an embellished name.
determinations and the officer will consider all surrounding circumstances whether
any legal action shall be taken. Consistent and wise use of discretion, based on
professional policing competence, will do much to preserve good relationship and
retain the confidence of the public. There can be difficulty in choosing between
conflicting courses of action. It is important to remember that a timely word of
advice rather than arrest (in appropriate circumstances) is a more effective means of
achieving a desired end. The Police Professional Conduct
Core Values All members of the Philippine National Police (PNP) shall observe the following
professional police conduct:
The police service is noble and professional. Hence, it demands from its members a
specialized knowledge, skill and high standard ethics and morality.
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Commitment of Democracy - Uniform PNP members shall commit themselves to Morality - All PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency
the democratic way of life and value and maintain the principles of public and shall set good example for others to follow.
accountability. Public office is a public trust. Public officer must at all times be
accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty Judicious use of Authority - All PNP members shall be permitted to apply for
and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and leas modest lives. They shall at search warrant for any evidence of assault against himself without reporting the case
all times uphold the constitution and be loyal to our country, people and organization in writing to his superior officer and Obtaining from his permission to apply for such
above loyalty to any persons or organization. warrant.
Justice - PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of other so that
Commitment to Public Interest - PNP members shall always uphold public interest
they can fulfill their duties and exercise their rights as human beings, parents,
over and above personal interest. All government properties, resources and powers
children, workers, leaders, of in other capacities and to see to ensure that others do
of their respective offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly and
likewise.
efficiency, particularly to avoid wastage of public fund and revenues.
Humility - All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public
Non-Partisanship - PNP members shall provide service to everyone without
servants and not the master of the people and toward this end, they should
discrimination regardless of Party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and
perform their duties without arrogance.
regulations.
Orderliness - All PNP shall follow logical procedure in accomplishing task
PNP Conduct during Labor Dispute - The involvement of PNP during strike,
assigned to them to minimize waste in the use of time, money and efforts.
lockout, and labor dispute in general shall limited to the maintenance of peace
and order, enforcement of laws and legal Orders of duly contributed
Perseverance - Once a decision is made all PNP members shall take legitimate
authorities.
means to achieve the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties,
and despite of anything which might weaken their resolve in the course of time.
Physical Fitness and Health - All PNP members shall strive to be physically fit and
in good health at all times. Towards this end, they shall undergo regular exercise and
Integrity - PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and
annual medical examination in any PNP hospital or medical facility.
dishonest practices in accordance with the provision of existing laws on corrupt
practices.
Secrecy Discipline - All PNP Members shall guard the confidentiality of classified
information against unauthorized disclosure. This includes confidential aspect of
Ethical Issues Affecting Police Service
official business special orders, communication and other documents, roster or any
portion thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal records, identities of person who
Police Image - The image of any organization affects the esprit de corps, morale and
may have given information to the police in confidence and other classified
welfare of members and sense of pride to the organization. In view thereof, all
information on intelligence materials.
members of the PNP should conduct themselves in manner that would not place the
PNP core values in vain and possess the following virtue: Honor, Integrity, Valor,
Social Awareness - All PNP members shall be actively involved in civic, religious,
Justice, Honesty, Humility, Charity, and Loyalty to the service.
and other social activities with the end purpose of increasing social awareness.
Career Management the Key In Professionalism - The improper implementation of
Proper Care and Use of Public Property - All PNP members shall be responsible
career management greatly these prejudice the personnel professionalization process
for the security, proper care and use of Public property issued to them and/or deposit
as regards to procurement, promotion, all assignment, placement, training awards,
under their care and custody, unauthorized used of Public property for personal
and retirement.
convenience of gain and that of their family, friends, relatives is strictly prohibited.
To address this issue, and PNP shall formulate stringent policy and strictly
Non-Solicitation of Patronage - All PNP members seeking self-improvement
implement the human resources development system, compatible to the equitable
through career development and shall not directly or indirectly solicit influence or
distribution of procurement, fair promotion, rationalizes approach in assignment,
recommendation from politician, high ranking government officials, prominent
skill development, immediate grant of reward and award, decent living upon
citizens, persons affiliated with civic or religious organization with regard to their
retirement.
assignment, promotion, transfer or related advantage.
Police Management Leadership - The effectiveness of the law enforcement is
Respect for Human Rights - In the performance of duty, PNP members shall
reflective of law enforcement is reflective of the managerial capabilities and
respect human dignity and uphold human rights of all persons. Every police officer
competent leadership of men and women who run the PNP organization. It is
shall not inflict, investigate, or tolerate extra judicial killing, arbitrary arrest, any act
therefore a “must” that this attribute be the primary basis for consideration in the
of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and Punishment. Every
selection of personnel for employment purpose.
members of the PNP shall not invoke superior order or exceptional circumstances
such as state of war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or any
Equality in the Service - There shall be judicious equitable distribution of
committing such human rights.
opportunity to prove one’s worth in the police service. The problem on inequality
through class orientation and factionalism, both real and perceived, precise on
Devotion to Duty - All PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication,
favored assignment, inequitable opportunity, of training, unfair granting of
efficiency enthusiasm, determination and manifest concerned for public welfare. He
promotion, and untimely awarding of achievements will create an atmosphere of
shall refrain from engaging in any activity, which shall in conflict with their duties
demoralization.
as Public servant. He shall not reign sickness or injury or physical incapacity to
avoid performance of duty. He shall not leave his assigned jurisdiction of official
The result is inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the detriment of organization. It
business, except by permission of his superior officer or other competent authority,
behooves therefore on the PNP leadership to address the situation. The civilian
unless such permission is not practical as in pursuit of a criminal, in which case a
character requires the adherence to the rule on merit and fitness system and to
report must be made immediately thereafter.
dissociate to the above process from class orientation and factionalism.
Conservation of Natural Resources - All members of the PNP shall help in the Police Lifestyle - The PNP shall endeavor to promote lifestyle for every member of
development and conservation of our natural resources for ecological balance and the organization that is acceptable and respectable in the eyes of the public. Further,
posterity. The natural resources are considered inalienable heritage of our people. its members should set example to the subordinate and follow good example from
the superiors. Police officers will behave in a manner that does not bring discredit to
Discipline - PNP policemen shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with their agencies or themselves.
the rules and regulation of the organization. All policemen at all levels shall adhere
to the eight tenets of discipline, which include the following: A police officers character and conduct while off duty must always be exemplary,
thus maintaining a position of respect in the community, in which he or she lives and
Loyalty - PNP members must be loyal to the constitution and the police service as serves. The officer’s personal behavior must be beyond repute. They must be free
manifested by their loyalty to the superior peers and subordinates as well. from greed, corruption and exploitation. The public expects a police officer to live a
simple, yet credible and dignified life.
Obedience to Superior - PNP members shall obey lawful orders and to be
Delicadeza - In consonance with the requirements o honor and integrity in the PNP,
courteous to superior officers and other appropriate authorities within the chain of
all members must have the moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with
command. No members shall use abusive, insulting or indecent language to another
the time-honored principles of delicadeza. All members shall promptly discharge all
member.
debts and legal liabilities incurred by them.
Command Responsibility - In accordance with the Doctrine of Command
Political Patronage - All PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting
Responsibility, immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective
political patronage in matters pertaining to assignment, awards, training and
supervision, control and direction of their personnel. He shall see to it that all
promotion.
government resource with laws and regulations and safeguards against losses
through illegal of improper disposition.
Human Rights - All PNP members must respect and protect human dignity and
men’s inalienable rights to life, liberty and prosperity.
The Police Ethical Standards
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Right to Life includes the right to live, free from social damages against life or limb, Customs on Social Decorum are set of norms and standards practiced by
or free from unjustified control. The Right to Liberty includes the right to determine members during social and other functions. The following are police customs and
one’s mode of life with due respect to the rights of others. Liberty, so it is said, social decorum.
consists largely of freedom arbitrary physical restrain. The liberty of abode and of
changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except Proper Attire - PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in
upon the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public conformity with the occasion.
safety or public health, as any provided by law. The Right in Property includes the Table Manner - PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.
right to acquire, hold, enjoy, possess and manage property or to dispose the same Social Graces - PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with the
accordingly as well as to devote the same to legitimate use. people during social functions.
Uniform/ Appearance - The public looks upon PNP members as distinctively
decent when PNP members wear their uniforms properly wherever they may be.
Since disciplined PNP members are best exemplified by those whose are neat in
appearance and wearing the prescribed uniform, they must therefore observe the
following:
Wearing the prescribed uniform
Wearing as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned in accordance with
the prescribed rules and regulations
Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations.
Manner of Walking - Every PNP member is expected to walk with pride and
dignity.
Police Customs and Traditions
D. Other Police Customs
The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditions base on the
desirable practices of the police. These shall serve as inspiration as the PNP Visiting the Sick - PNP members who are in the hospital, their residence or
endeavor to attain its goals and objectives. anyplace of confinement are visited by their immediate commanders or other
available officers of the unit in order that their needs are attended.
Police Customs Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased Members - When PNP members die, a
Survivor officer is designated to render maximum assistance to their legitimate
A. Custom on Courtesy bereaved gears until all benefits due shall have been received.
Visiting a Religious Leaders - PNP members/ officers visiting a religious leader in
Courtesy is a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect on others. their area of assignment to establish or maintain rapport and cooperation between the
different religious leaders and PNP.
Salute – It is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members upon and Athletics - All PNP members must undergo in physical fitness activities to insure
recognizing person entitled to salute. their proper physical appearance and bearing are maintain with the waist line
measurement always smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity with the
Salute to National Color and Standards - PNP members stand at attention and salute standard set forth by the organization.
the national color and standard as it pass by them or when the national color is raised Happy Hours - Usually Fridays or on any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP
or lowered during ceremony. members gather a PNP Clubhouse for a high hearted jesting or airing of minor
gripes.
Address/Title - junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute
with the word “Sir” Police Traditions
Courtesy Calls - The following are the customs on courtesy calls: Tradition is a body of belief, stories, customs and usages handed down from
generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
Courtesy call of newly assigned/ appointed members -PNP members who are
newly appointed or assigned in a unit or command, call on the Chief of the Unit or The following are police traditions.
command and to other key personnel for accounting, orientation and other purposes.
New year’s call - PNP members pay a new year’s call on their commanders and /or Spiritual Beliefs - PNP members are traditionally religious and god loving person.
key official in their respective areas of responsibility. They attend religious service together with their family.
Promotion Call – Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this Valor - History attests that Filipino law-enforcers have exemplified the tradition of
occasion, they are usually given during recognition and congratulations by their valor in defending the country from aggression and oppression. They sacrifice their
peers for such deserved accomplished limbs and lives for their countrymen they are pledged to serve.
Exit Call - PNP members pays an exit call on their superiors in the unit or command Discipline - The discipline of PNP members manifested by instinctive obedience to
when relieve or reassigned out of the said unit or command. lawful orders and through and spontaneous actions within the bounds of ethical and
legal norms.
Courtesy of the Post - The host unit extend hospitality to visiting personnel who Gentleman - PNP members are upright in character, polite in manners, dignified in
pay respect to the command or unit. appearance, and sincere in their concern or their fellowmen.
Word of Honor - PNP members’ word is their hand; they stand by and commit to
Rank has – its – own Privilege - PNP members recognize the practice that different uphold it. PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated
rank carry with them corresponding privilege. public servants who perform their duty with deep sense of responsibility and self –
sacrifice.
B. Custom on Ceremonies Loyalty - Police are traditionally loyal to the organization country people as borne
out by history and practice.
Ceremony is a formal act or set of formal acts established by custom or Camaraderie – The binding spirit that enhance teamwork and cooperation in the
authority as proper to special occasion. police organization, extending to the people they serve, is manifested by the PNP
members’ deep commitment and concern for one another.
Flag Raising Ceremony - PNP members honor the flag by raising it and singing the
National Anthem before the start of the official day’s work for the week. POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS
Flag Retreat Ceremony - At the end of the Official day’s work to PNP members
pause for a moment to salute the lowering of the flag. This chapter presents a discussion on Police Community Relation (PCR).
Half–Mast - The flag is raised at half – mast in difference to deceased uniform / It is generally accepted that the Police as an organization is a part of the community
civilian member of the command. it serves. This may mean that the police, in its relentless endeavors against
Funeral Service and Honor - Departed uniformed members, retires, war veterans criminality needs the indispensable support of the community. In analysis, the
are given vigil, necrological services and graveside honor as a gesture of farewell. police is inseparable to the community in all crime prevention and crime suppression
Ceremony rendered to Retirees - In recognition of their long, faithful and activities. Therefore, it is the concern of every police officer to: develop rapport
honorable service to the PNP, a testimonial activity is tendered in their honor. with the community; and maintain a meaningful relation with the people and the
Honor Ceremony - Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are tendered to visiting community at large.
dignitaries, VIPs PNP officers of equivalent grade.
Turn – Over Ceremony - The relinquishment and assumption of command key To achieve this end, a police officer should be relentlessly directed by
position is publicly announced in a Turn – Over Ceremony by the incoming – strong sense of responsibility, courtesy and sincerity. As mentioned by Dr. Agas in
outgoing officers in the presence of the immediate superior or his representative and his handbook, Notes on Police Community Relations, “good service is often a
key officials. matter of how a person presents himself to the public. Courtesy, however, must be
Wedding Ceremony - During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted coupled with firmness in order to command respect.”
with participants in uniform and sworn drawn.
Anniversary - The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is
Terms to Ponder in this Study
commemorated in a Anniversary Ceremony
As use in this chapter, the following words and phrases shall mean and be
C. Custom and Social Decorum
construed as indicated:
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CHRISTIAN JIMENA CORPUZ
Police - a civil organization whose members are given special legal positive relations or rapport towards the people he serves. However, as generally
powers by the government and whose task is to maintain public order and to solve accepted, building up good relationship is a continuing process which requires
and prevent crimes; or group of persons established, maintained and organized for mutual respect and mutual exchange and cannot be compartmentalized or divided if
keeping order, safety, protection of lives and properties and for prevention and it is to be effective.
detection of crimes.
Community - the public or society in general; it refers to the civilian What are the Types of Police Community Relations? The basic
populace in cities, municipalities or public in general, and shall be used elements of police community relation include the following:
interchangeably with public, citizenry, society, or private sector.
Police Ideal – it refers to the expected standard of perfection or Public Information Program – This is designed to bridge any communication gap
excellence in the personal, and professional conduct of every member of the police; between the police and public. This is the basic among the first four programs of
or the expected essence of perfection, sympathetic, courteous intelligent, honest, and community relation.
in control of his emotions and temper, at all times. It also includes courage and
highest sense of dedication to duty. Duties of Public Information Officers:
Personal Media – it is the means of communication used by the police as He must be kept well-informed so that he will understand and appreciate the
it deals with the community such as the use of rallies, meetings, speeches and house complexities of police work and the good service the police render to the
to house visits to the community. community.
Barangay - is the basic political unit of the Filipino nation that He must be informed that the greatest number of the police in the community shall
implements the policies of the national and local governments (1987 Phil. benefit as much as possible, by using mass and personal media.
Constitution); sometimes referred to as the local community.
Propaganda – any information or publicity put out by an organization Activities Implemented by Public Information Officer:
(i.e., police) or government to spread and promote a policy, idea, doctrine, or cause. Conduct of barangay tanod seminars
Police Community Relation - the sum total of dealings between the Inform the barangay officials regarding trends and other police community problems
police and the people it serve and whose goodwill and cooperation it craves for the Police station commanders assign a place in police station for barangay leaders so
greatest possible efficiency in the service. that they can work together and provide coordination.
Produce and distribute brochures, advising the people on how to protect themselves
The need for Police Community Relation in their homes and premises.
Conduct environment sanitation seminars
Some people are apathetic to the programs of the police because of the Conduct troop information or educational and historical lectures in all units’ offices
reported involvement of some of the officers and members of the Philippine of police district.
National Police (PNP) to criminal activities and irregularities in law enforcement. Police officers deliver Lectures and Public appearance to hear civic group and civic
Hence, the PNP needs to strengthen its police community relations activities. organizations.
Discuss with high school students and parents and or teachers association about drug
abuse prevention control.
Conduct cleanliness, saturation or information drive where notices of such
What is Community Relation? deficiencies are issued.
Establish police counseling centers in zones/barangays to provide advice to barangay
In the police, community relations may mean the total dealings of the leaders on crime prevention and control.
police organization as it immerses itself to the community it serves. On the other
hand, Agas in his handbook, Notes on Police Community Relation, stated that Public Relation Program – This is designed to maintain harmony and mutual
“community relation is like a three-legged stool, each leg of an equal importance in support between the police and the community.
holding the stool upright. One leg is public relations in its traditional sense. Another
leg is community service. The third leg is community participation, and this is the
Duties of Public Relation Officers – he shall:
facet of the total community relations’ job that is being emphasized today in police
Regularly issue press releases concerning police activities which are of public
and community relations program.”
concern.
Evolve and conduct public rotation program to promote better and closer relations
The Bases of Police Community Relation
between the police and the community.
Build good image through actual commendable performance, without inefficiency
In the democratic concept of policing – the police is the people and the
and corruption.
people is the police, which means that every police officer is mandated to protect
Evaluate public opinion and attitude with respect to the policies methods, personnel
lives and properties, preserve peace and order and prevent crimes and other civil
of the police station.
disturbances. However, his performance of duty is governed by the Constitution and
Plan and carry out programs aimed at keeping the public informed on police
other laws and statutes such as the preservation of the basic human rights and
activities.
observance of the due process of law.
Activities Implemented by Public Relations Officers:
In addition, every police officer is a public servant and his office is a
Conduct face-to-face communications including dialogue with the public.
public trust. Therefore, the police officer is obliged to conduct himself in the
Attend social cultural activities of the barangay, such as birthdays, weddings
community according to the standards of conducts and ethics of his organization, the
baptismal parties, wake and others.
police organization. Furthermore, he should bear in mind that his authority to
Attend multi-sectoral “ugnayans,” which include religious sects, school, barangays
enforce the law comes from the people’s mandate.
civic organization and governmental agencies.
Sending letters of appreciation to citizen whom assists the police in their work.
What are the Principles of Community Relation? The principles of community
Conduct first aid and traffic safety education.
relation are the following:
Promotion of manpower development for out of school youth.
Sponsorship of youth athletic activities.
Community Support must be maintained
Assist immediate in settling dispute at barangay level.
Community Resentment must be avoided
Community Goodwill must be developed
Civic Action Program - This is designed to maintain and encourage community
Community must be kept informed
development
What are the Objectives of Police Community Relation? From the viewpoint of
Duties of a Civic Action Officer – he shall:
the police, Police Community Relation aims to:
Encourage and actively participate in athletic competitive in promote youth
development by wisely coordinating with the social elements of the populace.
Maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of the community for the police.
Initiate if necessary, fund raising campaigns for juvenile delinquents, who are being
Obtain cooperation and assistance.
reformed.
Develop public understanding, and support and appreciation for the service of the
Be alert to safeguard the community against loss and damages on properties and
police.
possible death, in the events of calamity.
Create broader understanding and sympathy with the problems and needs of the
Render all possible assistance, especially to the menfolk in enabling them obtain the
public.
means of productive endeavors and discourage them from loitering in the street, or
Facilitate law enforcement and compliance.
engaging uneconomic activities such as illegal gambling and others.
Build public opinion in favor of the Police.
Whenever feasible, he shall promote and actively participate in the establishment of
Achieve the Police purpose or preserving the peace, protection of life and property,
free medical and dental civic action with special attention to the community.
and the prevention of crime.
Activities Implemented by a Civic Action Officer:
Police Relations - Reviving the idea of “The people’s police”
Assist National Red Cross on blood donation campaign by exerting extra effort in
appealing to barangay officials.
As earlier discussed, the police is created by the people for the protection
Conduct free medical and dental civic action community.
of the people at large against all forms of criminality and public disturbances and
Conduct free deworming of affected children in depressed areas.
every police work is governed by the laws that the people promulgated through the
Assist citizens in case of transportation strike and other similar cause.
legislative body of the government. In the performance of duty, oftentimes a police
Develop and maintain cleanliness and beautification of surroundings.
officer is confronted by complex problems brought about by the varied cultures and
Attend to backyard gardening, tree planting projects.
practices of the people in the community. Since a police officer is dealing with
humans, he should have interest in human life. Hence, he is obliged to build up
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Psychological Program - This is designed to condition both friendly and hostile to safeguard peace and order of the community and ensure public safety as well as
public thereby insuring and facilitating the attainment of police objectives. This laws on organizational development and modernization maybe enacted.
program is designed to influence the opinions, emotions attitude and behavior of the
community so that they will behave in a manner beneficial to the police, either Liaison Office
directly or indirectly. It will condition the citizenry to adhere to the laws of the land Organization Level Liaison: The Directorate for PCR. shall maintain a liaison office
and dissuade them in committing crime. These may be in spoken, written, pictorial with Congress whose main task is monitor, get the pulse, actively interact and
or musical form. possibly influence lawmakers on matters affecting the police office. Since
relationship with this institution must be symbiotic then this office shall also be
Duties of Psychological Operation Officers – he shall: responsible in giving general, special, technical assistance to Congress as pertains to
Strive to mold the youth into useful and law abiding citizens, thereby minimizing the police office.
their chances to engage in the criminal activities and preventing them from being Top Hierarchy Level Liaison: Top leadership of the command shall conduct regular
influenced by the misguided elements of society. FACE to FACE dialogues with key members of the Congress as well as different
Be adequately prepared to articulate on the gains achieved by the government in Congressional Committees handling police affairs in order to present for their
formal or informal gatherings so that they can develop unity and cooperation among appreciation and support on matters affecting the police office.
people and neutralize any smear campaign being wage by the elements hostile to our Special Individual Liaison: Monitoring and Assessment of activities and special
government. activities of general liaison.
Develop an attitude of deep concern for the individuals in his area of operation
instead of being indifferent to their problems.
Be instrumental in the development of civic mindedness among the criminal The Media - This is unquestionably most powerful instrument in forming public
offenders under his custody by providing examples why crime does not pay. opinion. Specific activities to be taken with respect to this institution include:
Development of guidelines on Media–Police relationship. This guideline shall form
Activities Implemented by Psychological Operation Officer: the basis of the organization as well as of its individual personnel dealing with the
Conduct seminars for barangay officials, police civic relation officers, and school media.
officials to enable them to understand home defense activities. Providing timely and accurate information through press releases, regular
Promote seminars among barangay leaders regarding community relation activities. conference, daily bulletins, and attendance to talk show and similar programs.
Identify income-generating projects/activities. Giving the media reasonable accessibility to source of information in accordance
with the existing security regulations.
STRUCTURE COMPONENTS OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATION Improvement of rapport with media through non- law enforcement activities such as
(PCR) sports, outing parties and the like.
Giving of special awards by the police office to deserving media personalities.
What is Police Information and Education?
The Church - The opinion of church leaders carries much weight among the
These are communication activities utilizing the various forms of media. These religious. It need not underscore that a pastoral letter read through out the country
geared towards creating consciousness and awareness among target audience on carries great impact.
facts and issues vital to the development of an efficient, respected, and supported Liaison with important church personalities.
police force. The two major components are: Monitoring and assessment
Special activities
Community Information - these are activities utilizing the various forms of media
directed towards the public at large. These are designed to increase the public’s The Students and the School – one of the potent allies of the PNP when properly
consciousness and knowledge of facts and issues for purpose of enhancing law exploited through:
enforcement, counter insurgency and crime prevention efforts, increasing crime Effective liaison with key school authorities
solution efficiency to include weakening of the will of the criminal elements and Monitoring and assessment
insurgents and enlightening other groups of individual critical to the government in Involvement and support in different school activities such drug education program,
general and the police organization in particular. crime prevention program, immunization and vaccination program, organization of
Junior Police, and medical or dental outreach program in coordination with
Institutional Information - These are activities utilizing the various forms of Media Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Department of Education (DEPED, and
directed towards the public at large designed to generate trust, confidence and Department of Health (DOH).
popular support for the police organization or simply enhancing public perception
and knowledge about the police as an institution of the government. The Non-Government Organizations – These are socio-civic organizations
involved in the uplifting the welfare of the public through varied programs and
What does it mean by Police Community Affairs? activities that support the endeavors of the government. They could also help in the
building of the image of the police.
These are activities outside law enforcement but which necessitates PNP support and Identification/assessment of existing NGO.
or participation. The end result ultimately contributes to better appreciation and an Liaison with the NGO.
enhanced support to the police organization in whole in part by the populace. The Mobilization of NGO in support of police programs and projects.
three major sub-components are:
What are the Public Information and Propaganda Operations?
Community Assistance and Development – these are under taken upon the initiative
of the police unit or personnel for the purpose of enhancing life as a means of On Internal Security - There shall be intensified information on evils of the
drawing the support, appreciation and support of the public to wards the police ideology and actual terrorist operations through regular issuance of press releases.
organization. Examples are: On Crime Prevention and law Enforcement - There shall be sustained
information drive on how the public can reach public assistance and the utilization
Skills, Livelihood, and Cooperative Development. of the tri-media on modus operandi safety and the like.
Sports and Socio-Cultural development. On Public Safety – these are:
Medical, and Dental Outreach Services. Intensified information drive on pre disaster preparedness;
Tree Planting. Support information drive on how to get government assistance when affected by
calamity or disaster; and
Community Inter-Relations - these are under taken upon the initiative of other Intensified information campaign to generate awareness and sympathy for the
government agencies, non – governmental organization, and or individual citizens victims of calamities and disasters with the aim of gaining relief and other support to
whereby a police organization or personnel actively contributes time, money and or them.
service as a means of drawing the support, appreciation, and cooperation of the
public towards the police organization in whole in or part. Conducting Internal Reforms Thru:
Community Organization and Mobilization - these are activities revolving around Continuous Values Orientation and Skill Development of Personnel: Intensification
the accreditation of existing groups or creation of new ones with the end in view of of police education and values orientation; and Internalization of the Code of Ethics
having allies within various sectors in the community who could be tapped to assist and Professional Standard of the police, moral and spiritual values and basic
in the conduct of law services, community works and the like. courtesies relative to Law Enforcement.
Poor PCR programs cause the public: Domestic Relations - This consist of a person’s dealing with his family, parents and
not to report the occurrence of crime; immediate relatives, with whom he has to have good relationship in order to develop
not to come forward and provide information; a respectable family prestige as well as cordial community relations.
not to assist in apprehension of criminals; Neighborhood Relations - This consist of a person’s dealing with neighbor who
not to be supportive of police activities; constitute a vital link to good reputation in the community
not to testify in court voluntarily; and Community Relations - This is made up of a person’s dealing with the citizens of
to even aid the criminals. the community, city or town where a person likes. These also include his
membership or contributions to civil undertakings and his membership or
Poor Police Community Relation makes the police to: contribution to the civic organization or community associations in the locality.
become less judicious and less discreet; Church Relation - This consists of a person’s dealing with religious affiliation that
be reluctant to act on some matters needing police action; is necessary for the stability of moral principles.
induce unnecessary use of force; Government Relations - This is made up of the dealings, which a person has with
induce verbal abuse; the government and its various instrumentalities. The recognition of government
induce improper practices; authorities, its laws and ordinance, as well as other public responsibilities, are
feel isolated and unhappy in his community; and significant phases of an individuals public relations.
diminish his sense of fulfillment.
PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATION
Why Public Support is needed?
In the practice of his profession, a police officer shall observe a
Public support is needed to make it easier for the police to accomplish professional conduct which is divided into the following categories:
their task successfully.
Inter-Departmental Relation - This is made up of the peace officers relations with
PUBLIC RELATION the officers and men of his own department, his supervisor, the station commander,
as well as the city/municipal mayor where he is assigned.
This is a program designed to make the public aware of what the agency Citizen’s Relation - This includes all dealings or contact with the citizens in
is doing, why is it doing, and how it contributes to the welfare of the community. relations to the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of peace and order,
together with the giving of information to the public on criminal and non-criminal
What are the Types of Public Relation? activities.
Complainant Relations - This includes how officer deals with complainants, the
Public Awareness Programs - familiarizing the public with the true nature of techniques of interview he uses, the manner of approach he adopts, and the treatment
police operations. This includes: of witnesses and informers.
Mobile Vans - Variety of displays and exhibits of police equipment, which help to Relations with Accused Persons - This covers the proper treatment of
explain to the public, what the police do and how they do it. suspects, the recognition of their constitutional rights during custodial investigation
Displays and Exhibits - Set up in department stores, shopping centers, and other and the handling of accused persons during confinement.
public locations are popular ways in which the police can bring their messages to the Relations with Prosecutor - This includes a police officer’s duty to cooperate
public. during preliminary investigations and the gathering of further pieces of evidence
Informative Materials - Distribution of pamphlets or brochures designed to explain once the fiscal files the case.
their services to the public. Judicial Relations - This consists of the peace officer’s duties toward the courts
Open House - Public tours of facility conducted during certain times of the year such when appearing as a witness and the honesty of his testimony.
as police week, or law observance week.
Public Speakers - Providing speakers for various types of public gatherings such as DEALING WITH COMPLAINANTS – Police officers when dealing with
civic clubs, businessmen, associations and social groups. complainants shall observe the following:
Ride Along - Permits number of the community, to ride in a police car with an
officer and observed field operations. Receiving Complaints - When a citizen calls at the police station or approaches a
policeman on the streets to make a complaint, he should be accorded a suitable
Informational Programs - providing the public with information which is directly reception. The police office must adopt an attractive manner; his attitude alert, his
related to the interest and needs of the community. This includes: face and voice pleasant, and he must appear interested in the subject at hand. Timid
New Arrivals - Making some members of the community feel at home in their new citizens often dread police officers; they should make great effort to place these
surroundings. timid citizens at ease.
Traffic Advisory Reports - Coordinate with the media in announcing important Complaint Desk Officer - The complaint desk officer should be alert at his desk
traffic matters such as road accidents, highway construction and traffic congestion. and avoid ignoring a timid citizen. As soon as he sees a person approaching, unless
Informational Bureaus - Information about such things as renewal of drivers license, he is busy with another citizen, he should immediately offer his service by posing a
payments of utility bills, availability of legal services and other items. simple question such as “May I do something for you, Sir?” to demonstrate his
Informational Brochures - Provide the public with booklets, pamphlets, and other sincerity. If possible, there should also be a woman employee at the desk to handle
types of publications, which contain information of community interest. complaints from women who may be timid about approaching a male officer. This
employee need not be a policeman; a clerical employee may be stationed at the
Image Building Programs - promoting programs which are designated to create a complaint desk for this purpose.
more favorable public image of the police. This can be achieved through: Attention to the Complaint - A person who approaches a policeman for assistance
Citizens awards should be given ample opportunity to tell his story. The officer can sometimes assist
Police Color Guard with intelligent questions, evidence of sympathy, and assurance of aid. But he
Police Citizens Luncheons should not needlessly interrupt the explanation of the complainant.
Operational Handshake Receiving Complaints and Criticisms against the Police - Complaints should be
Recruit Visitation Programs referred to the proper authorities for audience or if permitted, the officer may refer
Community Events the complaint immediately to his superior officer. Sincere citizens sometimes make
Gifts Packages an earnest effort to offer information and suggestions of value to the police. These
should be accepted in the spirit in which they are offered, with graciousness and
What are the duties of the Public Relations Officer? appreciation even though the subject matter may be infuriating.
Legitimate Complaints against the Police - The police station itself influences the
To evaluate public opinion and attitudes with respect to the policies, methods, and attitudes of both the police and the public. The public does not react favorably to an
personnel of the police station. ill smelling dark, poorly kept, and (human) unclean police station; neither to the
To advice the police station commander with regard to the public relations aspects of police officers themselves. While the police may have little choice in the location
new or revised department programs, policies, procedures and activities. and arrangement of their headquarters they do have the opportunity and the
To plan and to carry out programs aimed at keeping the public informed on police responsibility to maintain them in a clean and presentable condition. Paint of a light
activities
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CHRISTIAN JIMENA CORPUZ
color can usually be obtained and trusty labor is usually available for painting, with the police visibility program and to make them available to provide police
cleaning, and janitor services. assistance at any time. Requesting the community to assist in identifying the
scalawags in uniform as a basis for giving immediate disciplinary action against
GENERAL RULES ON OFFICIAL CONDUCT – All police officers shall adhere them is another way of gaining support from the community. The policeman should
to the following in the performance of their duties: closely coordinate with the business community to identify areas where police
presence is needed. Conduct of in dept study and to initiate the immediate
Policeman shall be habitually courteous. They shall recognize their responsibilities assignment of police to every barangay must be made to serve the police needs and
as public servants and shall be particularly attentive to citizens who seek assistance to call upon residents.
or information or who desire to register complaints or give evidence.
They shall accept their responsibility to the public by being punctual in their Police Character
engagements and expeditions in the performance of their duties.
They shall regard their office as a public trust, and in the discharge of their duties, be The police program of growth includes the development of the essential
constantly mindful of their primary obligation to serve the public efficiently and attribution of all its members. Every police thus:
effectively.
They shall administer the law in a just, impartial and reasonable manner; and not Shall be loyal to the service, which he belong and is proud of.
accord to some, more reasonable manner; and shall not accord to some, more Shall be sympathetic and display the ability to feel the suffering of other people.
treatment than to others. They shall recognize the limitations of their authority and Shall be confident in his ability to know the job and do it well.
at no time use the power of their office for their own personal advantage. Shall disposed of and act on all cases correctly.
They shall be true to their obligation as custodian of public property and shall bear Shall guard himself against rash judgment from opinion in advance.
in mind that the misuse and waste of money from the public treasury is bad. Shall be courteous to the community at any place and on any occasion.
They shall not limit their effectiveness in the administration of their office by Shall demonstrate strong faith in what he is doing.
accepting tokens of gratitude, or by giving preferential treatment to certain Shall not sulk in the face of danger but with his mental conviction and physical
corporations with whom they may have official dealings. strength.
They shall cooperate fully with all other public officials to the end that the safety Shall maintain an attitude of enthusiasm, dedication, zeal and pride in his work.
and general welfare of the public will be assured. They shall not permit jealousies or Shall be tactful in his dealing with people of the community.
personal differences to influence their cooperation with other agencies. Shall be firm and unyielding but not officious in dealing with people.
They shall add to their effectiveness by diligent study and sincere attention to Shall be serious and purposeful but not officious in dealing with people.
improvement. They shall welcome the opportunity to disseminate practical and Shall genuinely be interested to his task.
useful information relating to matters of the public’s safety and welfare. Shall avoid unwarranted practice or situation that will endanger him.
They shall so conduct their public and private life that the public will regard them as Shall be patient when the situation demands.
examples of stability, fidelity and morality.
They shall bear faithful allegiance to their government, and be loyal to their Police Moral and Esprit de Corps
profession. They shall accept, as a sacred obligation their responsibility as citizens to
support the Constitution of the Philippines; and as public officials, consider the
The police build their reputation upon favorable community relationship
privilege of defending the principles of Liberty as defined in our Constitution and
and express by community confidence and the continued constructive
law. This is the greatest honor that may be bestowed upon any man.
accomplishment is only possible when the internal strength of the organization is
assure.
COMMUNITIES IN COMMUNITY RELATIONS
When the members of the police organization show pride of
In PCR, the police is not actually dealing with a single community but belongingness to their organization (or esprit de corps) consequently, their morale is
rather to various communities with distinct characteristics. These communities high. It follows also that they manifest genuine loyalty and noble faith in the
could be categorized into External and Internal Communities. policies and objective of their organization.
Exemplary Conduct
The External Communities
Exemplary conduct or conduct worthy of emulation is another way of maintaining
public trust especially so that the community demands more than the ordinary acts.
Justice Community - Other police agencies, courts, and correctional departments
A police as a public officer loses his private life because whether he is on or off
existing at many levels of government are a part of the justice community with
duty, he will be under unrelenting scrutiny and critical analysis by the community.
which police must interact. The nature of the relationship between police and
members of the justice community has a direct impact on police effectiveness in
The police by reason of their specific responsibilities are bound to more exacting
achieving their goals.
code that any other public servant. Delinquents in conduct that pass unchallenged
when committed by other public officials are acts that are accepted as common place
The Human Services Community - The human services umbrella includes many
in judging the conduct of the citizens but are adjudged as reprehensible when
public and private and social service resources, mental and health general services,
committed by policeman.
media civic and religious groups and educational services.
Police Officer’s Compassion and Understanding
Citizens and the Police - Peel’s principles state “the police must secure the willing
cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and
In the performance of his duty, a police officer looks no requirements.
maintain public respect”. Part of the police community relations is the understanding
He should fairly serve regardless of the personality of the person whom he deals
of the public the police serve and having the public understands the police. That is
with. Further, even the seriousness of the problem should not be a factor whether to
no easy task. The public is many people with many varying needs and hopes, who
serve or not to serve. Sometimes, a person with personal problems approaches
live in a changing society and bring to that society conflicting values and cultural
police officers. And in dealing with personal problems, it is imperative that matters
rules. The police agency is relatively closed, somewhat secretive, and vague as to
of such of vital personal importance be approached with understanding, compassion
what the police role and the citizen role should be.
and magnanimity
The personal habits of the individual police officer strongly influence the Incoming telephone calls to a police headquarters/station deserve
attitude of the community towards the police. Thus: immediate and courteous reply. Promptness is important in the police service.
He should avoid restless habits such as tapping his finger or feet, whittling or other Persons who call for the assistance of the police usually do it to register a complaint.
evidence of nervousness. They are emotionally upset and easily annoyed. If under this condition, the wait for a
He should not permit himself to develop such unpleasant personal habits such as, protracted time happens before receiving a response to their call, they become
hawking and spitting, smoking while on duty in public place. justifiably disgruntled.
He should not smoke when speaking to a citizen. Smoking habits that are offensive
to the public should not be permitted whether on the street or headquarters. Clear Enunciation/Diction
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CHRISTIAN JIMENA CORPUZ
What are the major components of the CJS? The court possess the element of The judge may come and go
stability and permanency anytime
Police or Law Enforcement
Prosecution
Courts Function of Court
Corrections
Mobilized Community The primary function of a Court of Justice is the dispensation of justice.
In the performance of this function, the court decides actual controversies brought
What are the functions of the major components of the CJS? before it, and interprets the laws of the state.
To prevent and control the commission of crime; Criteria for the Administration of Justice
To enforce the law;
To safeguard lives, individual rights, and properties; Rule 135, Section 1 of the Rules of Court provides that “Justice shall be
To investigate, apprehend, prosecute and sentence those who violated the rules of impartially administered without unnecessary delay.” Impartial administration
society; and, signifies the courts will try cases without bias or prejudice, the judge acting
To rehabilitate the convicts and reintegrate them into the community as law-abiding objectively at all times. The term “without unnecessary delay” means that the relief
citizens. sought by the action must be accorded immediately, provided the parties have been
given their day in court.
How does the CJS Operate?
Regular Courts in the Philippines
The first four pillars, i.e., law enforcement, prosecution, courts, and
corrections, pertain to the traditional agencies vested with the official Supreme Court (SC)
responsibility in dealing with crime or in crime control. The community pillar Court of Appeals (CA)
is the most broadbased. Under the concept of a participative criminal justice Regional Trial Courts (RTC)
system in the Philippines, public and private agencies, as well as citizens, Municipal Trial Courts (MTC)
become a part of the CJS when they become involved in issues and participate Metropolitan Trial Courts
in activities related to crime prevention and control. Municipal Circuit Trial Courts (MCTC)
The Police or Law Enforcement Pillar Sandiganbayan (SB)
The first pillar consists mainly of the Philippine National Police (PNP). Corrections Pillar
The work of the PNP is the prevention and control of crimes, enforcement of laws,
and effecting the arrest of offenders, including the conduct of lawful searches and The fourth pillar takes over once the accused, after having been found
seizures to gather necessary evidences so that a complaint may be filed with the guilty, is meted out the penalty for the crime he committed. He can apply for
Prosecutor’s Office. probation or he could be turned over to a non-institutional or institutional agency or
Prosecution Pillar facility for custodial treatment and rehabilitation. The offender could avail of the
benefits of parole or executive clemency once he has served the minimum period of
The second pillar takes care of the investigation of the complaint. In the his sentence. When the penalty is imprisonment, the sentence is carried out either in
rural areas, the PNP may file the complaint with the inferior courts (i.e. the the municipal, provincial or national penitentiary depending on the length of the
Municipal Trial Courts or the Municipal Circuit Trial Courts). The judges of these sentence meted out.
inferior courts act as quasi-prosecutors only for the purpose of the preliminary Community Pillar
investigation. Once a prima facie case has been determined, the complaint is
forwarded to the City or Provincial Prosecutor’s Office which will review the case. The fifth pillar has a two-fold role. First, it has the responsibility to
When the complaint has been approved for filing with the Regional Trial Court, a participate in law enforcement activities by being partners of the peace officers in
warrant of arrest for the accused will be issued by the court once the information has reporting the crime incident, and helping in the arrest of the offender.
been filled. Second, it has the responsibility to participate in the promotion of peace
Courts Pillar and order through crime prevention or deterrence and in the rehabilitation of
convicts and their reintegration to society.
The third pillar of the CJS is the forum where the prosecution is given the
opportunity to prove that there is a strong evidence of guilt against the accused. It is Rehabilitation takes place when the convict is serving his sentence. A
also in the courts that the accused is given his “day in court” to disprove the convict may be paroled or may even be placed on probation. Under the concept of a
accusation against him. participative criminal justice system in the Philippines, public and private agencies
as well as citizens, become a part of the CJS when they participate and become
The Constitutional presumption is the innocence of any person accused involved with issues and activities related to crime prevention. Thus, citizen-based
of a crime unless proved otherwise. This means that the courts must determine the crime prevention groups become part of the CJS within the framework of their
guilt of the accused – beyond reasonable doubt – based on the strength of the involvement in crime prevention activities and in the reintegration of the convict
evidence of the prosecution. If there is any reasonable doubt that the accused who shall be released from the corrections pillar into the mainstream of society.
committed the crime, he has to be acquitted. The Rules of Court, however, provides Why should you be concerned about the CJS?
that the accused can be convicted of a lesser crime than the crime he has been
charged with in the information. But the elements of the lesser offense should be You should be concerned about the CJS because it affects your life,
necessarily included in the offense charged, and such lesser crime was proven by your work, your activities and, in general, your pattern of behavior and
competent evidence. relationship in the community. This is why the community pillar is also the base
of the entire CJS as there will never be criminal cases, in the first place, if the
COURT is the entity in the government organized for the proper administration of community is healthy and law-abiding. But for the few who may have gone
justice at the time and place prescribed by law. It is an entity in which a portion of astray, they should be reintegrated into the community once they are released
the judicial power is vested. The court is situated between the prosecution and from the penitentiary and should be helped to become law-abiding members of
correction, the court is the centerpiece of the five pillars in our criminal justice the community.
system. The court is an organ of the government belonging to the judicial What is Citizen’s Arrest?
department whose function is the application of the laws to controversies brought
before it and the public administration of justice. As such, the court performs, Arrest may be effected with our without warrant. Warrantless arrest may
perhaps the most important role in the administration of justice because: be effected by a peace officer or a private person under any of the following
circumstances:
It is the court that everyone turns to for justice. When in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually
It responsible for applying the criminal law against the offenders who commit committing, or is attempting to commit an offense;
crimes, but at the same time protecting the same law violators from the violations of When an offense has, in fact, just been committed, and he has personal knowledge
the rights by criminal justice agents. of facts indicating that the person to be arrested has committed it; and,
When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped form a penal
Example: Police establishment or is temporarily confined during the pendency of the case, or has
escaped while being transferred form one confinement facility oto another.
The court, as the third pillar of justice is looked upon as: What can you do to help in the CJS?
The final arbiter of justice.
The front line defender of democracy, freedom and human dignity. Organize anti-crime groups.
The only institution capable of identifying and maintaining the proper balance Report crime, suspicious strangers or events to your barangay or police.
between the conflicting rights of the individual and those of the state and society. If you are a witness to the commission of a crime, help in the prosecution of the
case.
Court Distinguished from Judge Organize visits to correctional institutions. This is one way of instilling social
awareness on the part of the public. This could also be an instrument whereby the
Court Judge public can extend material and morale support to the convicts and inspire
rehabilitation.
The court is an entity The judge is a person Help in the assimilation of released prisoners in the community to enable them to be
appointed to a court reintegrated into the mainstream of society.
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CHRISTIAN JIMENA CORPUZ
Theft, swindling or malicious mischief committed or caused mutually by certain
What can you do to help the CJS? relatives, where there is no criminal but only civil liability.
Organize anti-crime groups All these offenses are punishable by imprisonment not exceeding 30 days and/or fine
Report crime, suspicions strangers or events to your barangay or police. not exceeding P 200.00. Under the New Local Government Code, all offenses
If you are a witness to the commission of a crime, help in the prosecution of the punishable by at least one year imprisonment and P 5,000 fine is now within the
case. jurisdiction of the Lupon. Also cognizable by the barangay courts are violators of
Organize visits to correctional institutions. This is one way of instilling social municipal ordinances which are similarly punishable as the abovementioned
awareness on the part of the public. This could also be an instrument whereby the offenses under the penal code.
public can extend material and morale support to the convicts and inspire
rehabilitation. Rules of venue under the law governing barangay conciliation
Help in the assimilation of released prisoners in the community to enable them to be Disputes between persons actually residing in the same barangay shall be brought or
reintegrated into the mainstream of society. amicable settlement before the lupon of said barangay.
Those involving actual residents of different barangays within the same city or
BARANGAY COUNCILIATION (RA 7160 Local Gov’t Code of 199) municipality shall be brought in the barangay where the respondent or any of the
respondents actually resides, at the election of the complainant.
Republic Act No. 7160 - It is an Act providing for a Local Government Code of All disputes involving real property or any interest therein shall be brought in the
1991. barangay where the real property or the larger portion thereof is situated.
What is superseded PD 1508? It was superseded by Chapter 7, Section 399 to 422 Those arising at the workplace where the contending parties are employed or at the
of RA 7160 institution where such parties are enrolled or workplace or institution is located.
(Sec. 409, RA 7160)
Objectives of Katarungang Pambarangay
Objections to venue be raised under RA 7160
To promote speedy administration of justice.
To perpetuate the time-honored tradition of setting disputes amicably for the Objections to venue shall be raised in the mediation proceedings before the punong
maintenance of peace and order. barangay, otherwise, the same shall be deemed waived. Any legal question which
To implement the constitutional mandate, preserve and develop Filipino Culture. may confront the punong barangay in resolving objections to venue herein after
To relieve the courts of docket congestion and thereby enhance the quality of justice referred to may be submitted to the Secretary of Justice or his duly designated
dispense by them. representatives whose ruling thereon shall be binding.
Cases over which the lupon of each barangay may take cognizance What kind of residence required by the law order that one may exempt from
the coverage of the Katarungang Pambarangay Law?
The lupon of each barangay shall have authority to bring together the
parties actually residing in the same municipality or city for amicable settlement of
It must be more or less permanent. In Bejer, et al. vs. CA, 169 SCRA 568, the
all disputes except;
Supreme Court said that actual residence should not be temporary, transient as in the
case of a houseguest or sojourner like a visit of a day or two. In the case at bar,
Where one party is the government of any subdivision or instrumentality thereof;
plaintiffs are not even listed as member of the Barangay, an indication that their stay
Where one party is a public office or employee, and dispute relates to the
in Pandacan is merely transient. Of course, actual residence does not necessarily
performance of his official functions;
imply membership in the Barangay; and membership in the Barangay does not
Offenses punishable by imprisonment exceeding one (1) year or a fine exceeding
necessarily mean actual residence.
Five Thousand Pesos (P 5,000.00);
Who and how may a complainant be filed with the lupon?
Offenses where there is no private offended party;
Where the dispute involves real properties located in different cities or
Upon payment of the appropriate filing fee, any individual who has a cause of action
municipalities unless the parties thereto agree it submit their differences to amicable
against another individual involving any matter within the authority of the lupon
settlement by an appropriate lupon;
may complain, orally or in writing, to the lupon chairman of the barangay.
Dispute involving parties who actually reside in barangays of different cities or
municipalities, except where such barangay units adjoin each their differences to
What shall the lupon chairman do upon receipt of a complaint?
amicable settlement by an appropriate lupon;
Such other classes of disputes which the President may determine in the interest of
Upon receipt of the complainant, the lupon chairman shall within, the next working
justice or upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Justice.
day, summon the respondent (s), with notice to the complainant (s) for them and
Any complainant by or against corporations, partnerships, or juridicial entities.
their witnesses to appear before him for a mediation of their conflicting interests. If
Dispute where urgent legal action is necessary to prevent injustice from being
he fails in his mediation effort within 15 days from the first meeting of the parties
committed or further continued, specifically the following:
before him, he shall forthwith set a date for the constitution of the pangkat.
A criminal case where the accused is under police custody or detention;
A petition for habeas corpus by a person illegally detained or deprived of his liberty
What is the effect of the pedency of a case before the lupon on the prescriptive
or one acting in his behalf;
period of actions?
Actions coupled with provisional remedies, such as preliminary injunction,
attachment, replevin and support pendente life; and
Where the action may be barred by the statute of limitations; While the dispute is under mediation, conciliation, or arbitration, the prescriptive
periods for offenses and cause of action under existing laws shall be interrupted
Labor disputes or controversies arising from employee-employer relationship. upon filling of the complaint with the punong barangay. The prescriptive periods
(Montoya vs. Escayo, et. al., 17 SCRA 442; Art. 228 Labor Code as amended); shall resume upon receipt by the complainant of the certificate of repudiation or of
Where the dispute arises out from the Comprehensive Agraria Reform Law (Secs. the certification to file action issued by the lupon or pangkat secretary: Provided,
46 and 47, RA 6657); however, that such interruption shall not exceed 60 days from the filing of the
Actions to annul judgment upon a compromise which can be filed directly in court. complainant with the punong barangay.
(Sanchez vs. Tupaz, 158 SCRA 459).
The court in which non-criminal cases not falling within the authority of the lupon Is there any period prescribed by law within which the pangkat shall arrive at a
under this Code are filled may, at any time before trial, motu propio refer the case to settlement of the dispute? Is it absolute?
the lupon concerned for amicable settlement.
There is. Under RA 7160, the pangkat shall arrive at a settlement or a resolution of
Examples of Offenses punishable by the Revised Penal Code cognizable by the the dispute within 15 days from the day it convenes in accordance with this Section.
Lupon include: This period shall, at the discretion of the pangkat, be extendible for another period
which shall not exceed 15 days, except in clearly meritorious cases.
Alarms and Scandals (Art. 155)
Use of false certificates (Art. 175) Does the law prescribe any form for the settlement of any dispute?
Concealing one’s true name and other personal circumstances (Art. 178, part 2)
Physical injuries committed in a tumultuous affray (Art. 252) Yes. All amicable settlements shall be in writing, in a language or dialect known to
Slight physical injuries and maltreatment (Art. 266) the parties, signed by them, and attested to by the lupon chairman, as the use the
Other forms of trespass (Art. 281) same language, or dialect the settlement shall be written in the language or dialect
Other light threats (Art. 285) known to them. (Sec. 411, RA 7160)
Other light coercion or unjust vexations (Art. 287)
Some forms of thefts (Art. 208, par. 3, and Art 3098, par 8) May a complaint which involves matters within the authority of the lupon be
Altering boundaries or landmarks (Art. 313) fled in court without passing through the lupon?
Other deceits (Art. 318)
Arson of property of small value (Art. 323) As a general rule, no. No complaint, petition, action or proceeding involving any
Social cases of malicious mischief (Art. 328) matter within the authority of the lupon shall be filed or instituted directly in court or
Other mischief’s (Art. 329) any other government office for adjucation, unless there has been a confrontation
Slight slander (Art. 358) between the parties before the lupon chairman or the pangkat, and that no
Slander by deed not of a serious nature (Art. 359) conciliation or settlement has been reached as certified by the lupon chairman or
Intriguing against honor (Art. 364) pangkat chairman or unless the settlement has been repudiated by the parties thereto.
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CHRISTIAN JIMENA CORPUZ
What is the effect if the defendant does not invoke the lack of prior conciliation
before the barangay? Explain.
Yes, because the requirement is not absolute. There are exceptions, like:
Where the accused is under detention;
Where a person has otherwise been deprived of personal liberty calling for habeas
corpus proceeding;
Where actions are coupled with provisional remedies such as preliminary injunction,
attachment, delivery of personal property, and support pendente lite; and
Where the action may otherwise be barred by the statute of limitations.
If a person files a suit respecting his civil status, is there a need for prior
barangay conciliation? Why?
There is no need. It was said that in cases involving the civil status of a person –
such as one filed by a natural child to compel his acknowledgment – Is not amont
the cases where prior resort to barangay conciliation is not necessary. The reason is
obvious. The possibility of settlement at this level, however, remote, is encouraged
even in such cases before the issue is brought to the court.
If the parties belong to the cultural minorities, what rules shall the pangkat
apply”
Are the proceedings before the lupon or pangkat open to the public? Is the rule
absolute?
Yes, all proceeding for settlement shall be public and informal, but the lupon
chairman or pangkat chairman my motu proprio or upon request of a party, exclude
the public from the proceedings in the interest of privacy, decency or public morals.
What is the requirement of the law with respect to the appearance of the parties
before the lupon or pangkat?
The law requires that in all katarungang pambarangay proceedings, the parties must
appear in person without the assistance of counsel or representative, except for
minors and incompetents who may be assisted by their next of kin who are not
lawyers. If appears from the law that lawyers are not supposed to appear and
represent their clients in katarungang pambarangay proceedings. But if he is the
party involved, he may.
If the parties arrive at an amicable settlement before the lupon or pangkat, what
is the effect of such settlement?
The amicable settlement and arbitration award shall have the force and effect of a
final judgment of a court upon the expiration of 10 days from the date thereof;
unless repudiation has been made or a petition of nullify the award has been filed
before the proper city or municipal court.
It may be enforced by execution by the lupon within six (6) months from the date of
the settlement. After the lapse of such time, the settlement may be enforced by
action in the appropriate city or municipal court.
Within what period should a party repudiate the settlement and how?
Any party to the dispute may, within ten (10) days form the date of the
settlement, repudiate the same by filing with the lupon chairman a statement to that
effect sworn to before him, where the consent is vitiated by fraud, violence, or
intimidation.
Such repudiation shall be sufficient basis for the issuance of the certification for
filing a complaint.
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