Practical Research 2: Quarter 2 - Module 1: Quantitative Research Design and Sampling Procedures
Practical Research 2: Quarter 2 - Module 1: Quantitative Research Design and Sampling Procedures
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Quantitative Research Design
and Sampling Procedures
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What I Need to Know
This module is part of Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data:
however, it will focus only quantitative research design and description of sample.
This module will help you gain understanding and knowledge about these topics.
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What I Know
Directions: Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your choice on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. This is a type of non – experimental research where the researcher uses interviews,
questionnaires, and sampling polls to get a sense of behavior with intense precision.
A. Comparative C. Descriptive
B. Correlational D. Survey
A. Comparative C. Descriptive
B. Correlational D. Survey
B. Descriptive D. Comparative
5. Which of the following research design involves selection of groups, upon which
a variable is tested without random pre – selection process?
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6. The researcher would like to know further the type of social media used between
the male and female SHS students of Bataan National High School. What is the
appropriate research design to be used in his study?
B. Experimental D. Correlational
8. What research design aims to determine a cause from already existing effects?
A. Correlational C. Ex – Post – Facto
9. It refers to the method or procedure of choosing respondents that will answer the
question in the study.
A. Population C. Sampling
C. Research D. Sampling frame
10. Why probability sampling is the best type of sampling technique used in a
research study?
D. Both A and B.
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11. Which of the following is the type of probability sampling that uses a pure chance
selection process?
A. Systematic sampling C. Simple random sampling
B. When the intention is not to generate results that will generalize the entire
population.
13. What sampling technique is used when the researcher would like to consider
giving equal chances to the members of the accessible population being selected as
part of the study?
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Lesson
Quantitative Research
1 Design
What’s In
Each type of research follows a particular design which aims to answer specific
questions. The research design leads to the direction of sampling procedure, data
gathering and data analysis.
So, it is very important that you have completed the previous tasks diligently to
maximize your learning in this module. In this lesson, you will be taught how to
select an appropriate research design.
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What’s New
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters below to identify the correct word/s which
will be discussed comprehensively in this lesson.
What is It
According to Barrot (2017), research design is defined as the logical and coherent
overall strategy that the researcher uses to integrate all the components of the
research study. It will give meaning in the overall process of your research study.
Quantitative research is one type of factual investigation. It means that its analysis
focuses on verifiable observations and expressed in numbers. It is also a process of
collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and
averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider
populations.
There are two types of Quantitative Research Design, the non – experimental and
experimental.
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1. Survey Research
- uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls.
- allows the researchers to review behavior and then present the
findings in an accurate way.
- usually expressed in percentage.
- can be conducted around one group specifically or used to
compare several groups.
- Example quantitative research title. Covid 19: How do
Filipinos View the Government’s Measures. This research
will assist decision – makers in formulating more acceptable
policies to control the spreading of the virus in the short term
and also help restore confidence in government for the long
term.
2. Correlational Research
- tests for the relationships between two variables.
- determines what the effect of one on the opposite that affects
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
the relationship.
- predicts the magnitude of the association.
- Example quantitative research title: A Study on Internet
Usage of Adolescents in relation to Aggression and
Psychological Well – being. This research aims to investigate
the relationship among internet usage, aggressive behavior and
NON - EXPERIMENTAL
3. Descriptive Research
- is oftentimes as a survey or a normative approach.
- is a study of prevailing conditions.
- Example of quantitative descriptive research: A Study on the
Preparation of Student Teachers to Work with Diverse
Population. This study aims to describe the degree to which
the education programs prepared the students to work with
diverse population.
4. Comparative Research
- examines patterns of similarities and differences across a
moderate number of cases.
- uses limited number of cases.
- concerns to establish familiarity with each case included in a
study.
- Example of quantitative comparative research: A Study of the
Use of Library and Internet as Sources of Information by
Students. This study was conducted to compare the Internet
use and Library use among students. It was based on the
assumption that students use the internet more than library.
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1. Quasi - Experimental Research
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN - involves selecting groups, upon which a variable is tested
without any random pre – selection process.
- is a study where the groups are known to be already
established before the research.
- Example of Quasi – Experimental Research: Evaluating the
EXPERIMENTAL Cooperative Component in Cooperative Learning. This
study examined the efficacy of the cooperative learning
pedagogy (Think – Pair – Share exercises) in problem solving
exercises.
2. True Experimental Research
- is thought to be the most accurate type of experimental
research.
- establishes cause and effect relationship.
- contains three criteria: control and experimental group;
researcher – manipulated variable; random assignment.
- Example of True Experimental Research: The effectiveness of
family planning programs. This study describes the
magnitude of effects for family planning programs.
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Below is a table that may help you in deciding what quantitative research design
fits your study based on the relationship between the variables in the study.
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What’s More
Directions: Determine the quantitative research design appropriate for the sample
research titles.
3. What is the difference between the two types of experimental research design?
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What I Can Do
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Lesson
Sampling Procedure and the
2 Sample
What’s In
Do you remember your lesson on writing scope and delimitation? In that lesson, you
stated the subjects, participants, or respondents of your study. You also described
their characteristics which qualify them to be the source of your research data.
The next question you have to answer is how many of the subjects, participants, or
respondents should be selected as a source of data? This lesson will teach you how
to describe sampling procedures in quantitative research. Always remember that the
sampling procedure must be aligned to your chosen research design.
What’s New
You are almost finished cooking your favorite dish. In order to check if it tastes good
and ready for serving, what will you do?
I will …
. https://bit.ly/2BfQXHJ
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What is It
There are two types of population used in research: target population and accessible
population. The target population is the actual population, for example, all Senior
High School Students enrolled in Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Strand in the Division of Bataan. While the accessible population is a portion of
the population in which the researcher has reasonable access, for example all Senior
High School enrolled in ABM strand at Bataan National High School.
Sampling
There are two kinds of sampling: the probability sampling or unbiased sampling and
non – probability sampling
1. Probability Sampling
This kind of sampling requires a researcher like you to have a list of your target
respondents focused on your study. This sampling provides an equal chance of
participation in the selection process given to every member listed in the sampling
frame. As a researcher, always remember that the smaller the sample is, the higher
chance of sampling error. Therefore, the bigger the number of respondents will avoid
sample errors. Sample errors yield if the selection does not take place in the way it
is planned by the researcher.
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1. Simple Probability Sampling
- uses a pure chance selection process.
- runs from making a list of all respondents, writing each name on
the card, choosing cards through a pure chance selection.
- uses any of the following ways: fish bowl technique, roulette
wheel, or table of random numbers.
Example: population: 30; sample: 15
The researcher may write all 30 names in a clean sheet of paper,
place it in a bowl and draw 15 papers out of the bowl.
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1. Quota Sampling
- is used when the researcher knows the characteristics of the
target population.
- is used when the budget is tight and time is limited for the study.
Example: population: 200 (100 males and 100 females) sample:
100 (25% males and 75% females).
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
2. Voluntary Sampling
- is a sampling technique wherein the subjects for the study are
the ones volunteering to be part of the sample.
- has no selection process.
Example: The researcher puts out a request from the members
NON - PROBABILITY SAMPLING
of the population to join the sample, and the people will decide
whether or not to be in sample.
4. Availability Sampling
- is used when the researcher automatically includes the persons
who show willingness to participate in the study.
- Also known as convenience sampling
Example: A marketing student needs to get feedback regarding
the taste of a new variant of certain food endorsed in the market.
He can create an online survey, send a link to all the contacts on
his phone, share the link in social media, and talk to people he
met on a daily basis.
5. Snowball Sampling
- does not give a specific set of samples.
- is used for a study involving unspecified group of people.
Example: a researcher is conducting a study among homeless
Badjao families in Bataan. The first homeless Badjao family he
met will be the primary data. The researcher can collect data
from other homeless Badjao families who are referred by the first
Badjao family. Referral of other homeless Badjao family may
continue until the researcher completed the number of Badjao
families he will include in the study.
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What’s More
Directions: Identify the sampling procedure used in each given situation. Give a
brief justification for your answer.
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What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer each question briefly. Write your answers on a separate paper.
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What I Can Do
Directions: Assume the size of the population and identify the sample you will be
using for the given title below and explain the sampling technique you will use.
Example: Using Competitive Flashcard Games to Improve Math Facts in Special
Pupils of Balanga Elementary School
where N = population
E = Margin of error (0.01, 0.1, or
0.05)
n = sample size
Research Title:
Level of Academic Achievement of Senior High Schools in Balanga in Different
Learning Modalities
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Assessment
B. The simplest way of quickly gaining some general details regarding one’s
population of interest.
D. All of these.
2. In this this type of non – experimental research, the researcher uses interviews,
questionnaires and sampling polls to get a sense of behavior with intense precision.
A. Comparative C. Descriptive
B. Correlational D. Survey
3. This research design aims to test the relationship between two variables.
A. Comparative C. Descriptive
B. Correlational D. Survey
4. Which of the following non – experimental research uses to examine the patterns
of similarities and differences across a moderate number of cases?
A. Ex – Post – Facto C. Correlational
B. Descriptive D. Comparative
5. Which of the following research design involves selection of groups, upon which
a variable is tested without any random pre – selection process?
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6. What is the aim of Ex – Post – Facto research design?
B. Descriptive D. Survey
B. Sampling D. Population
9. It refers to the portion of population in which the the researcher has reasonable
access.
A. Accessible Population C. Sample
11. This sampling technique automatically considers the respondents who show
willingness to answer the questions of the researcher.
A. Voluntary sampling C. Simple random sampling
B. Systematic sampling D. Availability sampling
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13. It is a sampling technique where it uses sampling ratio in selecting its sample.
Additional Activities
Directions: Based on your approved research title, identify the research design
appropriate to your study and determine also the sample and sampling technique
you will use.
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Lesson 2: What I Lesson 2: Lesson 1:
Have Learned
What’s More: What I can do:
ANSWERS MAY
VARY 1.Simple random 1. correlational
Lesson 2:
sampling. 2. comparative
Because of the What’s New 3. correlational
term used 4. survey
“randomly ANSWERS MAY 5. descriptive
selected”. VARY
2.Systematic
sampling.
Because of the
sampling interval
of “every 6th
name”
Quota sampling.
Because he just
selected a
certain number
of sample.
Lesson 1: Lesson 1:What’s What I Know:
Lesson 1: New:
What’s More: 1. D
1. comparative 2. B
What I have 1. correlational research
learned: research. It will 3. A
study if there is a 2. correlational 4. D
ANSWERS MAY relationship research 5. A
VARY. between the Covid 6. C
19 health protocols 3. descriptive research 7. D
and the
consumers’ 4. experimental 8. C
behavior research design 9. C
2. True Experimental 10. B
research. The 5. ex – post – facto 11. C
study will use research
control and
12. D
experimental 6. non – experimental 13. C
group. One group research design 14. A
of children will be 15. A
undergoing story 7. quantitative
telling before bed research design
time and the other
will not. 8. quasi –
experimental research
9. survey research
10. true experimental
research
Answer Key
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Assessment:
1. A
2. D Lesson 2:
3. B
4. A What I Can Do
5. D
6. A ANSWERS MAY
7. A VARY
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. D
14. B
15. B
References
Baraceros, Esther L. 2016. Practical Research 2. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore,
Inc.
Barrot, Jessie S. 2017. Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City,
Philippines: C & E Publishing Inc.
Caintic, Helen E. and Cruz, Juanita M. 2018. Scientific Research Manual. C & E
Publishing.
Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. 2006. How to design and Evaluate
Research in Education. Asia: Mc – Graw Hill Companies
2020. https://humansofdata.atlan.com/2016/04/quota-sampling-when-to-use-
how-to-do-correctly
2020. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/descriptive-research
2020.https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quasi-experimental-design
2020. https://www.tnstate.edu/eduadmin/Facto%20Designs.pdf
2020. https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Research
2020. https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation
2020. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/60530176.pdf
2020.https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3473&context=li
bphilprac
2020.https://www.forestoftherain.net/uploads/3/5/8/2/3582998/aquil_f._bayya
n.pdf
2020. https://eric.ed.gov/?q=quasi+AND+experimental&pg=2&id=EJ1051438
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2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1380852/
2020. https://www.slideshare.net/kontorphilip/very-simple-way-of-choosing-an-
appropriate-quantitative-research-design-for-your-study
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