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Practical Research 1 Quarter 2 - Module 3: Gathering Data Through Appropriate Instrument and Analytic Designs
Practical Research 1 Quarter 2 - Module 3: Gathering Data Through Appropriate Instrument and Analytic Designs
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 2 - Module 3
Gathering Data Through Appropriate
Instrument and Analytic Designs
Practical Research 1
Quarter 2 – Module 3– Gathering Data Through Appropriate Instrument and Analytic
Designs
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Objectives:
1. Distinguish the types of data collection, data gathering instruments and data
analysis procedures.
2. Plan data collection, data gathering instruments and data analysis
HYPOTHETIC GUESS. Identify the word being described in the following sentences.
Choose your answers from the words found in the box and write on your answer sheet.
Data Analysis Qualitative Method Data Collection
Instrument Interview
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How well did you do in your pretest corner?
Well, if you scored 4 or 5, this lesson may not be as much of
a challenge to you. However, you must not worry if you
scored 3 and below for we have a lot of activities in store for
you. But wait! Let’s first understand some new words you will
encounter in this module.
Match the words in column A with their synonyms in column B. Write the letter only on your
notebook/answer sheet.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. data A. interpretation
2. collection B. information
3. instrument C. tool
4. analysis D. design
5. method E. gathering
Activity 1: TWOFOLD. Determine whether the following situations describe Primary Data
Collection or Secondary Data Collection. Write PDC for Primary Data Collection or SDC for
Secondary Data Collection. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. Marissa went to Barangay Malusog to interview her students about their cultural
practices learned from their ancestors.
2. Arnold read blogs and journal on the internet related to his research problem.
3. He prepared questionnaires and distributed them to his target respondents.
4. Loraine watched the interview of Pres. Duterte as it is the subject of her research.
5. As part of her research problem, Loreto stayed for a month in Barrio Makisig to
observe the ways the locals celebrate special occasions.
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YOUR GUIDE
The underlying need for data collection is to capture quality evidence that seeks to
answer all the questions that have been posed. Through data collection business or
management can deduce quality information that is a prerequisite for making informed
decisions. To improve the quality of information, it is expedient that data is collected so that
you can draw inferences and make informed decisions on what is considered factual.
Before broaching the subject of the various types of data collection, it is pertinent to note
that data collection in itself falls under two broad categories; Primary data collection and
secondary data collection.
✓ Primary Data Collection is the gathering of raw data collected at the source. It is a
process of collecting the original data collected by a researcher for a specific
research purpose. It could be further analyzed into two segments; qualitative
research and quantitative data collection methods.
✓ Secondary Data Collection is referred to as the gathering of second-hand data
collected by an individual who is not the original user. It is the process of collecting
data that is already existing, be it already published books, journals and/or online
portals. In terms of ease, it is much less expensive and easier to collect.
The qualitative research methods of data collection does not involve the collection of data
that involves numbers or a need to be deduced through a mathematical calculation, rather it
is based on the non-quantifiable elements like the feeling or emotion of the researcher. An
example of such a method is an open-ended questionnaire.
Experiments
Surveys (sample surveys or census surveys)
Interview is a data collection strategy in which participants are asked to talk about the
area under consideration.
Classifications
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D. Clinical Interviews : Concerned with broad underlying feelings or motivations or
with the course of an individual’s life experience.
E. Group Interviews :a group of 6 to 8 individuals is interviewed.
F. Qualitative and quantitative Interviews :divided on the basis of subject matter
i.e., whether qualitative or quantitative.
G. Individual Interviews : Interviewer meets a single person and interviews
him.
H. Selection Interviews : Done for selection of people for certain Jobs.
Observation is a method under which data from the field is collected with the help of
observation by the observer or by personally going to the field. In the words of P.V Young
“Observation may be defined as systematic viewing, coupled with consideration of seen
phenomenon.”
Classifications
Classifications
A. Open-ended questions give the respondents the ability to respond in their own
words.
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B. Close-ended or fixed alternative questions allow the respondents to choose
one of the given alternatives. .Types:- Dichotomous questions and Multiple
Questions.
Schedules are very similar to Questionnaire method. The main difference is that a
schedule is filled by the enumerator who is specially appointed for the purpose. Here the
enumerator goes to the respondents, asks them the questions from the Questionnaire in the
order listed, and records the responses in the space provided. It is a must that the
enumerator must be trained in administering the schedule.
Now after gathering the data needed using the different research instruments, data
analysis comes next. It is the process of evaluating data using the logical and analytical
reasoning to carefully examine each component of the data collected or provided. Also it is
one of the many steps that are taken when a research experiment is conducted.
The data obtained through this method consists of words, pictures, symbols and
observations. This type of analysis refers to the procedures and processes that are utilized
for the analysis of data to provide some level of understanding, explanation or interpretation.
Unlike the quantitative analysis, no statistical approaches are used to collect and analyze
this data. There are a variety of approaches to collecting this type of data and interpreting it.
Some of the most commonly used methods are:
Qualitative data refers to non-numeric information such as interview transcripts, notes, video
and audio recordings, images and text documents. Qualitative data analysis can be divided
into the following five categories:
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YOUR DISCOVERY TASKS
A. WHAT THE PICS TELL. Label the pictures with the correct research instrument being
shown.
1.
______________________________
Source: https://www.hhs-consulting.com/interviews/
2.
______________________________
Source:
https://www.researchworld.com/fundamentals-of-
questionnaire-writing/
3.
_______________________________
Source: https://ieconferences.com/research-tools-1-
observation/
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4.
______________________________
Source: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-
university-rankings/academic-reputation-survey-
explained
5.
________________________________
Source: https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-
vector/boy-and-girl-do-science-experiment-together-
vector-16950689
B. WHICH IS WHICH? Read the texts below. Then tell which of the type of data
analysis was used in the research and explain why you said so.
TEXT A. These results show that the reference books used by the 19
teachers had issues on contextualization under appropriateness. The IMs are
moderately appropriate to the developmental stage of the learners, their interests
and level and skills.
In support of this, the participants during the FGD emphasized that the
contents of these reference books are found to be difficult on the part of the
students. The participants said “not all students are engaged in the tasks. There are
even some who misbehaved.” “Students do not display much interest because
contents of these materials are only applicable to higher level students” another
respondent added. Although the IMs have moderate extent of contextualization,
teachers should strive for IMs with even higher extent of contextualization. In fact,
the Division Supervisor emphasized that “teacher should not rely only on the
activities found in the book. Rather, they need to use materials that would speak
about the culture, practices, and events in a particular locality, because when they
are used in teaching, learning becomes more meaningful.” In this case, the IMs
become even more appropriate.
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My Premise:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
My Explanation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
TEXT B.
My Premise:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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My Explanation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
How’s your journey so far? Well, very good! Let’s proceed for
another challenging task. This time you final task.
LET’S SUM IT UP
Data collection is an integral part of research as this gives flesh to the work.
Researchers who use the qualitative research design employs the following research
instruments: interview, experiment, questionnaires, observations and schedule. From the
raw data, analysis follows and this includes either content analysis, narrative analysis,
discourse analysis, framework analysis or grounded theory.
Below is a news report about bullying in the Philippines. Read and analyze the
problem and plan out what data gathering instrument and data analysis procedure
are appropriate to use. Describe them comprehensively. Copy the graphic organizers
and write your answers on your answer sheet
Manila: The presidential palace has expressed alarm over viral bullying videos taken at a
reputed Catholic
s educational institution, and called on school authorities to implement laws
against all kinds of intimidation.
A video had surfaced several days ago, showing a high school student from the Ateneo de
Manila bullying and physically assaulting a student from the same school, after challenging
the latter to a fight.
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The second student is bloodied in the nose and beaten up by his challenger, known on the campus as
“Taekwondo black belter”. The incident took place inside the school toilets.
It was also apparent that this incident was not the first time involving the bullying student, as other
videos of him involved in fights with other students also surfaced.
Presidential Spokesman Salvador Panelo said he saw the video, admitting that it was worrying. “I think
the school should investigate the incident and do something about it. You cannot be allowing bullying
inside the classroom and school,” Panelo, who is also the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel, said.
The Philippines has rules against mental and emotional intimidation and causing actual physical harm,
and even cyber bullying, inside and outside the campus through the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013.
However, school authorities are apparently holding back on applying the law to every student. In this
case, the student involved in the bullying incident who was said to be related to a prominent industrialist-
businessman with strong political connections.
On the education department’s part, it said it would take action on the incident and such similar
occurrences as it involves the safety and well-being of students. “The Department of Education (DepEd)
observes zero tolerance against any form of violence against the child, as institutionalised by DepEd
Order No. 40, s. 2012, or the ‘DepEd Child Protection Policy,’ which also mandates the establishment of a
Child Protection Committee (CPC) in all public and private schools,” it said.
It added that the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 compels “any school administration, student, parent or
volunteer shall immediately report any instance of bullying”.
“Private schools that fail to comply may face penalties under the law,” the DepEd said.
Rep. Rodel Batocabe, one of the authors of the Anti-Bullying Act said it was disheartening that such
incidents were still happening five years after the law was passed. “I reiterate, the school is not a place
for bullies,” he said, while urging the parents of the student involved to seek professional help for their
child.
Senator Leila de Lima cautioned that the incident should be approached with caution and utter
objectivity, otherwise the victim will also suffer the same fate as the offender in front of the public and in
cyberspace.
“When we face incidents of bullying, especially involving children, there is only one legitimate goal: to
stop the bullying. It is not to seek retribution. Punishment, especially in this case, should be a means to an
end: to end the cycle of bullying,” she said.
“To merely pass judgement is counterproductive: society — especially social media — wags an accusatory
finger, the child gets defensive, the parents get defensive, the victim might get some relief, but it doesn’t
solve the underlying problem. Everybody takes sides when, really, we all want the same thing. To make
sure the kid never bullies again,” De Lima said.
Bullying is a recurring concern both for private as well as public school students in the Philippines.
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TOPIC: _____________________________________________________________
ANALYSIS: __________________________________________________________
YOUR REINFORCER
Read a sample qualitative research found on the internet or city library. Fill out the
boxes below with the needed information.
_______________________________________________________________________
YOUR REFLECTION/S
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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References:
Felongco, G.P. (2018). “Viral high school bullying video worries the Philippines Retrieved
from: ”https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/philippines/viral-high-school-bullying-video-
worries-the-philippines-1.61074536
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ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. E
3. C
4. A
5. D
Answers vary.
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