Introduction to IOT Lab 1

Introduction to Internet of Things (IOT)

Internet of Things (IoT) comprises things that have unique identities and are connected to the
Internet. The focus on IoT is in the configuration, control and networking via the Internet of devices
or “Things” that are traditionally not associated with the internet Eg: pump, utility meter, car engine.
IoT is a new revolution in the capabilities of the endpoints that are connected to the internet.
The Scope of IoT is not limited to just connecting things (device, appliances and machines) to the
Internet. IoT allows these things to communicate and exchange data (control& information)
Processing on these data will provide us various applications towards a common user or machine
goal.
IoT − Key Features
The most important features of IoT include artificial intelligence, connectivity, sensors, active
engagement, and small device use. A brief review of these features is given below:

 AI – IoT essentially makes virtually anything “smart”, meaning it enhances every aspect of
life with the power of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms, and networks. This
can mean something as simple as enhancing your refrigerator and cabinets to detect when
milk and your favorite cereal run low, and to then place an order with your preferred grocer.
 Connectivity – New enabling technologies for networking, and specifically IoT
networking, mean networks are no longer exclusively tied to major providers. Networks can
exist on a much smaller and cheaper scale while still being practical. IoT creates these small
networks between its system devices.
 Sensors – IoT loses its distinction without sensors. They act as defining instruments which
transform IoT from a standard passive network of devices into an active system capable of
real-world integration.
 Active Engagement – Much of today's interaction with connected technology happens
through passive engagement. IoT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product, or
service engagement.
 Small Devices – Devices, as predicted, have become smaller, cheaper, and more powerful
over time. IoT exploits purpose-built small devices to deliver its precision, scalability, and
versatility.

IoT − Advantages
The advantages of IoT span across every area of lifestyle and business. Here is a list of some of the
advantages that IoT has to offer:
 Improved Customer Engagement – Current analytics suffer from blind-spots and
significant flaws in accuracy; and as noted, engagement remains passive. IoT completely
transforms this to achieve richer and more effective engagement with audiences.
 Technology Optimization – The same technologies and data which improve the customer
experience also improve device use, and aid in more potent improvements to technology. IoT
unlocks a world of critical functional and field data.
 Reduced Waste – IoT makes areas of improvement clear. Current analytics give us
superficial insight, but IoT provides real-world information leading to more effective
management of resources.
 Enhanced Data Collection – Modern data collection suffers from its limitations and its
design for passive use. IoT breaks it out of those spaces, and places it exactly where humans
really want to go to analyze our world. It allows an accurate picture of everything.
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IoT − Disadvantages
Though IoT delivers an impressive set of benefits, it also presents a significant set of challenges.
Here is a list of some its major issues:
 Security – IoT creates an ecosystem of constantly connected devices communicating over
networks. The system offers little control despite any security measures. This leaves users
exposed to various kinds of attackers.
 Privacy – The sophistication of IoT provides substantial personal data in extreme detail
without the user's active participation.
 Complexity – Some find IoT systems complicated in terms of design, deployment, and
maintenance given their use of multiple technologies and a large set of new enabling
technologies.
 Flexibility – Many are concerned about the flexibility of an IoT system to integrate easily
with another. They worry about finding themselves with several conflicting or locked
systems.
 Compliance – IoT, like any other technology in the realm of business, must comply with
regulations. Its complexity makes the issue of compliance seem incredibly challenging when
many consider standard software compliance a battle.

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IOT Software
IoT software addresses its key areas of networking and action through platforms, embedded systems,
partner systems, and middleware. These individual and master applications are responsible for data
collection, device integration, real-time analytics, and application and process extension within the
IoT network. They exploit integration with critical business systems (e.g., ordering systems, robotics,
scheduling, and more) in the execution of related tasks.
 Data Collection
This software manages sensing, measurements, light data filtering, light data security, and
aggregation of data. It uses certain protocols to aid sensors in connecting with real-time,
machine-to-machine networks. Then it collects data from multiple devices and distributes it
in accordance with settings. It also works in reverse by distributing data over devices. The
system eventually transmits all collected data to a central server.
 Device Integration
Software supporting integration binds (dependent relationships) all system devices to create
the body of the IoT system. It ensures the necessary cooperation and stable networking
between devices. These applications are the defining software technology of the IoT network
because without them, it is not an IoT system. They manage the various applications,
protocols, and limitations of each device to allow communication.
 Real-Time Analytics
These applications take data or input from various devices and convert it into viable actions
or clear patterns for human analysis. They analyze information based on various settings and
designs in order to perform automation-related tasks or provide the data required by industry.
 Application and Process Extension
These applications extend the reach of existing systems and software to allow a wider, more
effective system. They integrate predefined devices for specific purposes such as allowing
certain mobile devices or engineering instruments access. It supports improved productivity
and more accurate data collection.

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Sensors and Actuators

People connecting with Things

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IOT Architecture

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IoT Technologies

 CoAP ( Constrained Application Protocol)

 MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
 XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol)
 6LoWPAN (Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks

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IOT Applications
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