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Territorial Occupation in The Coastal Strip and The Environmental Sustainability of The Wetland Ecosystem of Huanchaco-Peru
Territorial Occupation in The Coastal Strip and The Environmental Sustainability of The Wetland Ecosystem of Huanchaco-Peru
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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Volume 6, Issue 2, February – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
their boats (Bocanegra y Veneros, 2020). El Balsar de b. Identify and describe from the interpretation of
Huanchaco is a unique wetland on the Peruvian coast, Google Earth images, and visits “in situ”
due to its artificial carácter, which had a surface area of agglomerations of urban centers with respect to their
46,72 ha with 160 pools, where the “cattail” (Scirpus geographical location, type of hábitat, associated
californicus) is cultivated. From this plant, the ecosystems,
fishermen buil the “caballito de totora”, which allows c. Georeference the agglomerations or urban nuclei
them to go to the sea for capturing resources with small analyzing the relationship with the wetland ecosystem.
scale fishing, which constitutes an important source of
economic incomes for their subsitence. III. RESULTS
The value of the raft resides in the high primary 1. Population and urban settlement: Huanchaco is
productivity of the reed. The Huanchaco plots have a one of the districts of Trujillo (Perú), with a strong
dry biomass productivity of 29,6 MT/ha/year. population growth. From the 70s the population
Considering that it is a system that requires a mínimum begins to grow exponentially, going from 780
of manpower, the investment is small. It could probably inhabitants in 1940 to 53 731 inhabitants in 2017
be considered among the most bioproductive (Figure 1).
unfertilized systems on the planet. Although its
biological diversity is relatively low compared to other
coastal wetlands, the beaches of Huanchaco serve both
as a rookery and as a place of passage for migratory
birds, on their migration route along the Pacific coast of
South America. The “balsar” is managed rationally and
steadily. This activity, which favors the development of
artisanal fishing for fishermen in the región, consitutes
an important source of economic resources for the
subsistence of the Huanchaco residents (Pulido, 1996).
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Volume 6, Issue 2, February – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
3- Spatial transformations of the wetland ecosystem María De Andrés.2016), changes in land use on the coast
environment: The occupation of the territory that has due to the continuous urbanization of the coast,
meant the reduction of the wetland ecosystem (Figures 5 constitutes a matter of special importance, which is the
and 6), to the point of placing it in a space at critical case of Huanchaco is evidenced by the reduction of the
levels. The wetland ecosystem has not only been not wetland ecosystem due to coastal erosion (Bocanegra,
conserved and protected, but it is threatened and fenced 2012, 2013) and by unplanned urban expansión. This
off by changes in land use, including cliffs. fact confirms what was pointed out by Saginot (Saginot,
1996), who states that the contradictions that are
generated in society are projected in the geographical
space as perceptible material conditions. Each area that
has a specific use corresponds to an economic logic,
particularly profitability. This statement applies to what
happens on the Huanchaco coast, where natural
ecosystems such as wetlands still coexist with housing
opportunities, and activities such as sun and bea ch
tourism. For fishermen of ancestral origin, the wetland
or “raft” is a source of raw material to make their boats
with which they develop their local subsistence
economy, that constitutes a nature, cultural, and
economic resource of heritage. For residents and foreign
investors, it constitutes a resource of economic value
and high profitability due to the advantages of the
location of the coastal marine strip. This confirms what
Figure 3. View of the wetlands ecosystem (“totorales”) David Harvey mentioned, the land, as a geographical
of Huanchaco without occupation of territory, year space, possesses merchandise properties, has use value
1969. and exchange value. The urban phenomenon that
develops in the coastal strip of Huanchaco evidences
this affirmation.
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Volume 6, Issue 2, February – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
support of sustainable tourism activities in the Atacama [7]. BOCANEGRA, C. A. 2012. Destrucción del litoral de
Region. Vulnerability in this case is associated with the Trujillo: Impacto de la transformación de la costa en la
occurrence of natural hazards due to seismicity and geomorfología litoral. Sociedad Geográfica de Lima.
tsunamis, mass removal and alluvial flows. On the other [8]. CONSUELO, C.; CARLOS, R. y ÁLVARO, D. 2010.
hand, it is necessary to incorpórate the Peligros naturales en geositios de interés patrimonial en
recommendations of the Un-Habitat. (2000) in the sense la costa sur de Atacama. Revista de Geografía Norte
that due to the significant levels of urbanization that Grande, 2010, N° 45, p. 21-39.
countries reach today, there is a tendency to understand https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44130828_Pel
and manage all or most of the hábitat issues as a ‘city igros_naturales_en_geositios_de_interes_patrimonial_e
themes’. n_la_costa_sur_de_Atacama
[9]. GUSTAVO CATALÁN DEUS, 2007. Los ecosistemas
CONCLUSIONS costeros se destruyen diez veces más rápido que las
selvas.
The coastal area of Huanchaco represents an https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2007/10/10/ciencia/11
important potential to focus population pólices towards 92033120.html
that área, as lon as its ecosystems are preserved and it [10]. ONU-HÁBITAT, 2012. Estado de las ciudades de
tries to preserve a balance between the population and América Latina y el Caribe.
the environment that surrounds it, especially with https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-
wetlands or “rafts”,” cattails” that constitute a natural manager-
and cultural heritage. The different economic activities files/Estado%20de%20las%20Ciudades%20de%20Am
such as construction and housing, tourism, surfing, %C3%A9rica.pdf
raising small animals among others that are carried out [11]. MARÍA DE ANDRÉS y J. M. BARRAGÁN, 2016.
in the coastal strip of Huanchaco have caused changes Aspectos básicos para una gestión integrada de las áreas
and have transformed natural coast spaces into litorales de España: conceptos, terminología, contexto y
urbanized ones. The coastal urban settlement to the criterios de delimitación
north, south and east is generating an imbalance in the https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2841624
wetlands ecosystem and changes in land uses, showing a 23_Aspectos_basicos_para_una_gestion_integrada
land occupation pattern that reflects a progressive and _de_las_areas_litorales_de_Espana_conceptos_ter
high population density and a reduction of the wetland. minologia_contexto_y_
The population settled in the coastal strip of Huanchaco [12]. MONTI, A. y ESCOFET, M., 2008. Ocupación urbana
registers a spatio-temporal dynamic that has resulted in de espacios litorales: gestión del riesgo e iniciativas de
a notable change in th área of the wetland or “totoral”, manejo en una comunidad patagónica automotivada
which has led to a greater occupation of the territory in (Playa Magagna, Chubut, Argentina). Investigaciones
that area. Geográficas, Boletín del Instituto de Geografía, 2008,
N° 67, pp. 113-129.
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