COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

COMMUNICATION
 A systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret
meanings.
 According to Wood (2017)
 Process
o Means that it is ongoing and always in motion; moving ever forward and continually
changing.
o Continuing series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.
 Systemic
o It occurs within a system of interrelated parts that affect one another.
 Communication is a process of exchanging verbal and/or non-verbal information between two or more
people who can either be the speaker or the receiver of the messages.
 Communication is used to meet the purpose of a person.

3 Purposes of Communication
1. To Inform
 Example: When a teacher discusses a lesson.
2. To Persuade
 Example: When a politician gives campaign speech to influence the mind of people to win their
votes.
3. To Entertain
 Example: When you tell a joke to a friend to make them smile or laugh.

FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
 Communication can be in the form of Verbal, Non-Verbal, and Visuals.
1) Verbal Communication
 Spoken
 Involves an exchange of information through:
 Face-To-Face  Meetings
 Audio and/or Video Call or  Radio
Conferencing  Television
 Lectures
 It can be Oral, Written, and Sign.

2) Non-Verbal Communication
 Involves the use of Voice, Body Language, Personal Space or Distance, and Personal Appearance to
convey or emphasize a message or information.

a. Paralanguage
 Tone – Emotional Quality  Pauses
 Speech Rate – How Fast or Slow  Volume – Loudness or Softness
 Pitch – Highness or Lowness
b. Body Language
 Kinesics – Body Position, Motion, and Facial Expressions
 Your body position and facial expression can communicate something.
 Examples:
 You are not actually saying that you are annoyed or angry but it is evident in your facial
expression.
 You rolled your eyes and this means that you don’t like her even if you didn’t directly say it.
c. Proxemics
 Area of space and distance that a person from a different culture, personality, age, sex, and status
adopts and puts for another person.
 Personal Space or Distance
d. Personal Appearance
 How a person presents himself/herself to a particular situation, whether formal or informal.
e. Haptics
 Physical touch may vary with the relationship we have with the person we are communicating with.
 One case is that your affection towards your friends is different towards your
partner/boyfriend/girlfriend.
 For example, you are walking on the street with your boyfriend and you’re holding hands.

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 o People around you can assume and understand that the both of you are in a romantic
relationship with each other.
3) Visuals
 Involves the use of images, graphs, charts, logos, and maps.
 There is a visual presentation.
INTENDED OR UNINTED COMMUNICATION

INTENDED OR UNINTED COMMUNICATION

 Communication can be intended or unintended.

Intended Communication
 Refers to planning what and how you communicate your ideas to other people.
 There is a specific purpose why you communicate; the communication is done on purpose.
 You have planned the things, ideas, and information that you will communicate to other people.
 Example:
 I want to talk to her about the latest movie through text.

Unintended Communication
 Happens unintentionally when a person sends non-verbal messages to people that they are
communicating with.
 It happens unintentionally.
 Example:
 You and your friend are talking and you don’t want to listen to her anymore yet you don’t want to
tell her directly and hence, you got your phone and you continued to scroll while she keeps
talking.
o This action of yours can indicate that you are uninterested.

Communication is a Complex Process

 Communication is a complex process because it requires you to:
 Know your audience
 Determine your purpose
 Identify your topic
 Expect objections
 Establish credibility with your target audience
 Present information clearly and objectively
 Develop a practical, useful way to seek for feedback
 When we say that it is complex, it means that it is not easy and it is complicated.

COMMUNICATION PROCCESSES

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1) Source
 The speaker or sender of a message.

2) Message
 The message, information, or ideas from the source or speaker.

3) Encoding
 The process of transferring the message.

4) Channel
 The means to deliver a message such as face-to-face.
 The medium or the means of communication.
 Ex. Face-to-Face, Video Call, E-mail, Chat

5) Decoding
 The process of interpreting an encoded message.
 How the receiver received or interpret the message that was encoded already.

6) Receiver
 The recipient of the message.
 The one who receives the message or information.

7) Feedback
 The reactions or responses of the receiver to the message from the sender.

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8) Context
 The situation or environment in which communication takes place.

9) Barrier
 The factors which may affect the communication process.
 The things that hinders you from giving the information.
10 BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
1. Physical 6. Cultural
2. Attitude 7. Lack of Common Experience
3. Language 8. Ambiguity and Overuse of Abstractions
4. Physiological 9. Information Overload
5. Problems with Structural Design 10. Jumping to Conclusions

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
 These are systematic representations which reflect understandings of the communication process.

1) Linear Model
 One-way Communication
 The sender is the only one sending information.
 The receiver doesn't give a response or feedback.
 The receiver only receives the information sent by the sender.
 Example: Television Broadcast
 When the newscaster delivers the news, you would only get his/her report.
 But the newscaster will not receive your feedback.

2) Interactive Model
 It is a Two-Way Communication.
 The receiver, this time, gives a feedback.
 There's an interaction or exchange of information/exchange.

3) Transactional Model
 Two-Way Process of Communication
 It happens in real time.
 Ex. Face-to-face Meeting, Skype Calls

Julia Wood’s Model

 Wood’s model portrayed communication as a
dynamic process which continually changes over
time depending on previous interactions.

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  The sender and receiver are labeled as communicators the people involved in the communication
process are both sending and receiving at the same time
 Feedback may be verbal or nonverbal.
 While speaking, a communicator simultaneously receives information by interpreting the nonverbal
gestures.
 The sender and the receiver are active during the process and both serve as communicators.
COMMUNICATION ETHICS
COMMUNICATION ETHICS
1) Uphold Integrity
 Be truthful with your opinion and accurate in judgment.

2) Respect Diversity
 Show compassion and consideration with the beliefs, status, affiliations, and privacy of others.

3) Observe Freedom of Expression Effectively

 Be careful of what and how you say your words; depending on the people you are communicating with.

4) Promote Access to Communication

 Give others an opportunity to express what they feel and think re the message being communicated.

5) Be Open-Minded
 Accept that others have different views or point

6) Develop Your Sense of Accountability

 Acknowledge responsibility for all your actions

GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

1) Be clear with your purpose.
 Have a specific purpose in mind.

2) Support your message with facts .

 Prepare supporting ideas through examples, experiences, observations to avoid misunderstanding or
vague message.

3) Be concise.
 Keep it short and simple.
 Avoid irrelevant or unnecessary details.

4) Provide specific information in your feedback.

 Give feedback that is timely, constructive, and specific to the topic being discussed.

5) Adjust to the needs, interests, values, and beliefs of your audience.

 Use language or vocabulary appropriate to your audience.
 Avoid using technical terms and jargon.

6) Observe communication ethics.

 Will help build your credibility.

7) Be your natural self and appear very confident.

 Have the right attitude and happy disposition, control emotions, and think well before speaking.

What does Communication mean?

 Communication is a process of exchanging verbal and/or non-verbal information between two or more
people who can either be the speaker or the receiver of the messages.

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