Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 9
Cultural, Social, and
Political Change

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets

Author/s: Roy H. Lumban, PhD

Reviewers: Sylvio C. Carciller,PhD

Charleah A.Matig-a
Ma. Deanna D.Manuel
Paz S. Pacturan

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Paul Badon

Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE

1
 Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Members:
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: [email protected]

Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 9
Cultural, Social, and
Political Change

2
 This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed
by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Table of Contents
COVER PAGE i
COPYRIGHT PAGE ii
TITLE PAGE iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE vi
ICONS OF THIS MODULEvii
WHAT I KNOW viii
Lesson 1: Cultural, Social, and Political Change 1
What’s In: 1
What’s New: Tangled 1
What is It: Cultural, Social, and Political Change 2
What’s More: Noon at Ngayon 4
Changes In My Community 5
What I Have Learned: My Thoughts 6
What I Can Do: The New Normal and Beyond 6
Summary 7
Assessment 8
Key to Answers 10
References 11

3
What This Module is About

The famous saying goes; the only constant thing in this world is change. It is
inevitable. Whether we like it or not, change will happen. In the course of time, many
factors have brought changes in the social, cultural and political aspects of the
society. With the onset of technology, globalization, and modernization, the
contemporary society has also started. With this, human beings have to adapt the
changes brought by these agents or otherwise, we might get left behind.

This module brings us to the social, cultural, and political changes of the
society. The causes and sources of these changes are also discussed.

Let’s get started.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Identify new challenges faced by human populations in contemporary

societies; (UCSP11/12CSC-IIh-33)

4
How to Learn from this Module

The following are your guides for the proper use of this module:

To the Learner:
1. Follow closely to the instructions in every activity.
2. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you
already know.
3. Answer all the exercises at the end of every lesson.
4. Review the lesson that you find difficult to understand. Be resourceful.
5. All answers should be written in the module, unless, otherwise specified,
example: sheet of paper or bondpaper.
6. All output should be placed in a folder which will serve as your portfolio. It
should be arranged in a sequential order.
7. Seek assistance from your teacher and parents/guardian.
To the Teacher:
1. Communicate with parents and learners regularly for updates and feedback.
2. Make sure that all activities are complied before accepting them.
3. You may contextualize or localize your activity as long as it is still within the
bound of the learning competency.

To the Parents/Guardian:
1. Closely monitor your child’s progress.
2. Do not answer the activities for your child. Just guide them in doing it.
3. Support your child. Talk to him/her about his/her journey with this module.

5
 Icons of this Module
This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.

This is an assessment as to your level of

What I Know? knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
Pre-Assessment meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.

What’s In? This part connects previous lesson with

Review Activity that of the current one.

An introduction of the new lesson through

What’s New?
various activities, before it will be
Motivational Activity
presented to you.

These are discussions as a way to deepen

What is It?
your discovery and understanding of the
Lesson Proper
concept.

These are follow-up activities that are

What’s More?
intended for you to practice further in order
Performance Task
to master the competencies.

What I Have Learned? Activities designed to process what you

Generalization have learned from the lesson.

6
 These are tasks that are designed to show
What I Can Do? case your skills and knowledge gained,
Application and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.

This evaluates your level of mastery in

Assessment
achieving the learning objectives of the
Post-Assessment
lesson.

What I Know

PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Social movements help bring about social change. This statement is ______.
a. true c. neither a nor b
b. false d. a, b, and c

2. Social change can be

a. Political c. scientific
b. social d. a, b, and c

3. Population change may affect the environment and the natural resources.
Environmental changes also affect people and the society. Therefore, we can
conclude that:
a. Population growth has a negative effect in the environment.
b. Individuals and the environment affect each other.
c. Disasters are caused by people themselves.
d. The continuous growth of world population increases the possibility of
more natural disaster.

4. The following are causes of social changes except:

a. tensions c. technology
b. modernization d. environment

7
5. This refers to the view that all genders including men and women should
receive equal treatment and therefore should not be discriminated based on
their gender
a. ethnic conflict c. feminist movement 
b. Gender equality d. racial discrimination

6. It refers to the use of new techniques to achieved desired end.

a. diffusion c. assimilation
b. acculturation d. innovation

7. Ethnic conflict and civil war

a. means the same c. usually happens together
b. is different from each other d. prevails in Asian countries
8. Gender issue is an example of
a. innovation c. social tension
b. assimilation d. social movement

9. It refers to transmission of cultural characteristics or traits from the common

society to all other societies
a. diffusion c. technology
b. assimilation d. acculturation

10. It is an armed conflict between different ethnic groups

a. revolution c. inter-ethnic conflict
b. civil war d. terrorism

11. It is a process of systematic cultural change of a particular society carried out

by a new or another dominant society
a. Assimilation c. revolution
b. acculturation d. terrorism

12. The following are causes of social change except:

a. social institutions c. modernization
b. innovation d. gender issues

13. It refers to changes made in cultural elements, both material and non-
material.
a. social change c. cultural change
b. population change d. political change

14. It occurs when nonstate actors use violence against civilians to achieve their
political goals
a. crime c. civil war
b. revolution d. terrorism

15. It involves a public seizure of the state with the main goal of overturning the
existing political structures
a. revolution c. inter-ethnic conflict

8
b. civil war d. terrorism

9
 Lesson Cultural, Social, and Political Change
1 Learning Competency Identify new challenges faced by human
populations in contemporary societies
(UCSP11/12CSC-IIh-33)

What’s In

How’s your travel around the world? Were you able to notice more
inequalities? Well, do not worry too much because you find ways to address global
inequality. Moreover, you filed a bill to help solve this problem. Right?

Loosen up! Be stress free as we take another step to start our next module.

What’s New

Activity 1: TANGLED

Arrange the tangled letters until you get the right term.

No. Tangled Words Answer

1. coslia agecnh

2. lulucrat nheagc

3. acitolpil hcnaeg

1
 What Is It

Any shift in various aspects

of the society means change.
Social change refers to the
significant modification or
alteration in the lifestyle of a
society, including culture. Social
change also means any significant
shift or modification in the lifestyle
of the society that affects the
major portion of the population that
brings about pattern of behaviour.
It may be brought about by
cultural, religious, economic,
Image: https://bit.ly/2UAHr8F
scientific, or technological forces.

“Staying at home and the “new normal” because of covid-19 are the best examples
for this. Any change of what we perceived as a normal thing in our lives, may it be
intentional or not, may lead to social change.

Cultural change refers to changes made in cultural elements, both material

and non-material.

Political change is when there is a significant disruption in a government that

leads to new or modified leadership or policies.

CAUSES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Technology. According to Thomas Friedman, American political

commentator and author, technology is the driving force behind globalization. People
get connected all over the world through technology. Technologically advanced
countries are on the rise. Technology contributes a lot to the modernization in the
fields of medicine, agriculture, manufacturing, and other industries. Life has been
made easier through technology. But, it can’t be denied that while technology has
given so much comfort to us, there is also its downside. To name a few, it helps
widen the gap between the technology savvy and those who are not. It can also
bring security risk in terms on data privacy issues, online scam, online hacking,
phishing, systems failure, and the like.

Social Institutions. Social institutions are established sets of norms and

subsystems in a society. Societies are composed of different sectors and each
sector carries out specific tasks. Each sector also has different responsibilities that
contribute to the normal functioning of the society. Each change in a single social
institution, also leads to changes in all other institutions. For instance, the change in
technology has led to changes in other social institutions. The introduction of

2
machineries to be used in factories has led to a change in the acquisition of the
workforce where there are only few individuals are needed to run an industry than in
a manual work set-up.

Population. A change in population in the composition of every level in the

society leads to social change. Regardless, whether the population increases or
decreases, for sure it has a great impact of all aspects in the society.

Environment. A population change may affect the environment and the

natural resources. Likewise, a change in the environment will also affect the people
and the society. Because of the changes in the population (increase), people will
now be using all the natural resources available. The way human interact with the
environment and the way members of the population utilize the resources aggravate
the impact of those natural disasters.

Modernization may also be considered as atypical result of social change. It

refers to the process of increased differentiation and specialization within a society,
primarily around its industry and infrastructure.

SOURCES OF CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Innovation. It is the use of new techniques to achieve desired ends. It also

refers to changing or creating more effective processes and ideas. This is the
process of translating a new idea into something that can create value.

Cultural Diffusion. This is the spread of culture including aspects such as

clothing and food, from one group to another, typically as a result of making contact
with a new group for the first time. When one culture begins to adopt elements
(clothing, food, religion, costume, song, dance, language, etc.) of another culture,
then cultural diffusion happens. Filipinos experience cultural diffusion when KPOP
was first introduced in the Philippines. The concept of KPOP music and K drama
was new to us at that time.

Acculturation. It is a process where a minority (small group of people) adopts

the cultural aspects of the majority (large group of people) without losing its own
traditions and customs. Looking back to our previous example about KPOP, many
Filipino millennial begin to speak and dress like their KPOP idol but they can still
retain their Filipino culture.

Assimilation. Assimilation is a process whereby people of a culture learn to

adapt to the ways of the majority culture. There is a loss of the minority’s own culture
as more value is given to the cultural aspects of the majority.

SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS AND TENSIONS

Social contradictions and tensions apply only to humans. There are instances
that a new idea somehow may lead to innovation, but instead, it can disturb patterns
and relationships between people, likewise, the encountering of other cultures may
lead to tensions and conflict.

3
 Inter-ethnic conflict is an armed conflict between different ethnic groups.
When two or more ethnic groups meet because they are occupying or living in the
same territory, there are so many possibilities that may arise. One of these is
misunderstanding between these groups that would likely lead to conflict and would
result to war.

Political violence can be the result not only of ethnic conflict but also of class
conflict. In political science, political violence is also seen as a manifestation of
aggressive politics, and it includes revolutions, civil war, riots, strikes, and peaceful
protest movements. Two of the more serious forms of political violence are
revolution and terrorism.

Revolution involves a public seizure of the state with the main goal of
overturning the existing political structures. Revolutions involve the public, and are
usually attended by rapid, structural changes that usually involve the use of violence.

Terrorism occurs when nonstate actors use violence against civilians to

achieve their political goals.

Gender issue is also a source of social contradictions and tensions. The

issue on gender equality has been a subject on social discussions for quite some
time up to the present. Gender equality refers to a view that all genders, including
men and women, should receive equal treatment, and therefore should not be
discriminated against based on their gender. UNICEF (United Nations children’s
Fund) describes gender equality as “women and men, and girls and boys, enjoy the
same rights, resources, opportunities and protections. It does not require that girls
and boys, or women and men, be the same, or that they be treated exactly alike.

What’s More

Activity 2: “NOON AT NGAYON”

Due to the changes brought by technology, there are many

inventions/innovations used by human that make lives easier. You are to provide the
old invention and the new innovation. Number one (1) is already done for you.

Noon Ngayon

1. typewriter computer
2. ____________________ ____________________
3. ____________________ ____________________
4. ____________________ ____________________
5. ____________________ ____________________

4
 6. ____________________ ____________________
7. ____________________ ____________________
8. ____________________ ____________________
9. ____________________ ____________________
10. ____________________ ____________________

Activity 3: CHANGES IN MY COMMUNITY

1. Briefly describe the community where you presently live.

2. Enumerate five (5) changes that you observed in your community for the last
five (5) years.

Description of my own community

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.

Changes in my community

1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

5
 What Have I Learned

Activity 4: MY THOUGHTS

What cultural, social and political changes that I have learned during covid-19
pandemic.

1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 5: THE NEW NORMAL AND BEYOND

As a learner, what are you going to do as a response to this social change of

the so-called “new normal”? Enumerate and briefly explain your answer. Give five (5)
answers.

1. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

6
 SUMMARY
 Social change refers to the significant modification or alteration in the lifestyle
of a society, including culture. Social change also means any significant shift
or modification in the lifestyle of the society that affects the major portion of
the population that brings about pattern of behaviour.

 Cultural change refers to changes made in cultural elements, both material

and non-material.

 Political change is when there is a significant disruption in a government that

leads to new or modified leadership or policies.

 Causes of social change include technology, social institutions, population,

environment, and modernization.

 Sources of cultural, social and political changes include innovation, cultural

diffusion, acculturation, and assimilation.

 Social contradictions and tensions include inter-ethnic conflict, class struggle,

armed conflict, terrorism, protests, and gender issues.

7
ASSESSMENT

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Social movements help bring about social change. This statement is ______.
a. true c. neither a nor b
b. false d. a, b, and c

2. Social change can be

a. Political c. scientific
b. social d. a, b, and c

3. Population change may affect the environment and the natural resources.
Environmental changes also affect people and the society. Therefore, we can
conclude that:
a. Population growth has a negative effect in the environment.
b. Individuals and the environment affect each other.
c. Disasters are caused by people themselves.
d. The continuous growth of world population increases the possibility of
more natural disaster.

4. The following are causes of social changes except:

a. tensions c. technology
b. modernization d. environment

5. This refers to the view that all genders including men and women should
receive equal treatment and therefore should not be discriminated based on
their gender
a. ethnic conflict c. feminist movement 
b. Gender equality d. racial discrimination

6. It refers to the use of new techniques to achieved desired end.

a. diffusion c. assimilation
b. acculturation d. innovation

7. Ethnic conflict and civil war

a. means the same c. usually happens together
b. is different from each other d. prevails in Asian countries
8. Gender issue is an example of
a. innovation c. social tension
b. assimilation d. social movement

9. It refers to transmission of cultural characteristics or traits from the common

society to all other societies

8
 a. diffusion c. technology
b. assimilation d. acculturation

10. It is an armed conflict between different ethnic groups

a. revolution c. inter-ethnic conflict
b. civil war d. terrorism

11. It is a process of systematic cultural change of a particular society

carried out by a new or another dominant society
a. assimilation c. revolution
b. acculturation d. terrorism

12. The following are causes of social change except:

a. social institutions c. modernization
b. innovation d. gender issues

13. It refers to changes made in cultural elements, both material and non-
material.
a. social change c. cultural change
b. population change d. political change

14. It occurs when nonstate actors use violence against civilians to achieve their
political goals
a. crime c. civil war
b. revolution d. terrorism

15. It involves a public seizure of the state with the main goal of overturning the
existing political structures
a. revolution c. inter-ethnic conflict
b. civil war d. terrorism

9
 KEY TO ANSWERS

PRETEST

1. a 6. d 11. b
2. c 7. b 12. d
3. b 8. c 13. c
4. a 9. a 14. d
5. b 10. c 15. a

POSTTEST

1. a 6. d 11. b
2. c 7. b 12. d
3. b 8. c 13. c
4. a 9. a 14. d
5. b 10. c 15. a

REFERENCE

10
Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasga, Cecile C.
Fadrigon, Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016, 255-262.

Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel M. Peralta, Understanding Culture,

Society, and Politics for Senior High School, Quezon City: Educational
Resources Corporation, 2016, 161-183.

"20.1 Understanding Social Change – Sociology." Open Textbooks · University of

Minnesota Libraries. Last modified April 8, 2016.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/20-1-understanding-social-
change/.

"20.2 Sources of Social Change – Sociology." Open Textbooks · University of

Minnesota Libraries. Last modified April 8, 2016.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/20-2-sources-of-social-change/.

Management Team

11
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director

Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V

Asst. Regional Director

Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD

Members: Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II

12
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: [email protected]