Project Health and Safety Measures of Employee
Project Health and Safety Measures of Employee
1 INTRODUCTION
Due to rapid industrialization, industrial workers are exposed to several types of hazards
and accidents. Every year lakhs of workers are injured due to mechanical, chemical, electrical
and radiation hazards and it leads to partial or total disablement. So in recent years, greater
attention is given to health and safety due to pressure from government, trade unions, labour
laws and awareness of employers.
The efficiency of workers depends to a great extends on the environment in which the
work. Work environment consists of all the factors, which act and react on the body and mind of
an employee. The primary aim is to create an environment, which ensures the greatest ease of
work and removes all causes of worries.
Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many specialized
fields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at:
a) The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social
well-being of workers in all occupations.
b) The prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working
conditions.
c) The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse
to health.
d) The placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to
physical and mental needs.
e) The adaptation of work to humans.
Successful occupational health and safety practice requires the collaboration and
participation of both employers and workers in health and safety programmes, and involves the
consideration of issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, toxicology,
education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc.
1
Occupational health issues are often given less attention than occupational safety issues
because the former are generally more difficult to confront. However, when health is addressed,
so is safety, because a healthy workplace is by definition also a safe workplace. The converse,
though, may not be true - a so-called safe workplace is not necessarily also a healthy workplace.
The important point is that issues of both health and safety must be addressed in every
workplace.
Work plays a central role in people's lives, since most workers spend at least eight hours
a day in the workplace, whether it is on a plantation, in an office, factory, etc. Therefore, work
environments should be safe and healthy. Unfortunately some employers assume little
responsibility for the protection of workers' health and safety. In fact, some employers do not
even know that they have the moral and often legal responsibility to protect workers.
Statutory provisions:
2
According to factories Act, 1948, the statutory provisions regarding the health of the
workers are stated in the sections 11 to 20. They are
3
There must be no overcrowding in a factory. In factories existing before the
commencement of the Act there must be at least 9.9 cubic meters of space per worker. For
factories built afterwards, there must be at least 4.2 cubic meters of space. The chief inspector of
factories can also prescribe the maximum number of workers who can work in each work room.
4
Safety is a measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of injury, loss and
danger to persons, property or the environment in any facility or place involving the
manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise.
Statutory provisions:
According to factories Act, 1948, the statutory provisions regarding the safety of the
workers are stated in the sections 21 to 41. They are
5
It is necessary to examine any part of the machinery while it is motion. The examination
and lubrication of the machinery, while in motion, should be carried out only by a specially-
trained adult worker wearing tight-fitting clothing.
Striking gear and devices for cutting off power (Sec 24):
In every factory, suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliance has to be
provided, maintained and used to move driving belts.
Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton openers (Sec 27):
Women and child workers are prohibited to be employed in any part of a factory for
pressing cotton in which a cotton opener is at work.
6
Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles must be of good mechanical
construction, sound material and adequate strength and free from defects. They are to be properly
maintained and thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every 6 months.
7
In any factory, no person shall be allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat, pipe, flue or
other confined space in which dangerous fumes are likely to be present to an extent involving
risks to persons.
Occupational accidents/disease:
8
Work-related accidents or diseases are very costly and can have many serious direct and
indirect effects on the lives of workers and their families. For workers some of the direct
costs of an injury or illness are:
a) the pain and suffering of the injury or illness;
b) the loss of income;
c) the possible loss of a job;
d) Health-care costs.
It has been estimated that the indirect costs of an accident or illness can be four to ten times
greater than the direct costs, or even more. An occupational illness or accident can have so many
indirect costs to workers that it is often difficult to measure them. One of the most obvious
indirect costs is the human suffering caused to workers' families, which cannot be compensated
with money.
Identifying hazards in the workplace:
9
Use a variety
of sources
for
information
about
potential or
existing
hazards in
your
workplace
Some occupational diseases have been recognized for many years, and affect workers in
different ways depending on the nature of the hazard, the route of exposure, the dose, etc. Some
well-known occupational diseases include:
a) Asbestosis (caused by asbestos, which is common in insulation, automobile brake linings,
etc.)
b) Silicosis (caused by silica, which is common in mining, sandblasting, etc.)
c) Lead poisoning (caused by lead, which is common in battery plants, paint factories, etc.)
d) Noise-induced hearing loss (caused by noise, which is common in many workplaces,
including airports, and workplaces where noisy machines, such as presses or drills, etc.)
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A successful
health and
safety
programme
requires
strong
management
commitment
and worker
participation
In order to develop a successful health and safety programme, it is essential that there be
strong management commitment and strong worker participation in the effort to create and
maintain a safe and healthy workplace. An effective management addresses all work-related
hazards, not only those covered by government standards.
All levels of management must make health and safety a priority. They must
communicate this by going out into the worksite to talk with workers about their concerns and to
observe work procedures and equipment. In each workplace, the lines of responsibility from top
to bottom need to be clear, and workers should know who is responsible for different health and
safety issues.
Importance of training:
11
Effective
training is
a key
component
of any
health and
safety
programm
e
Workers often experience work-related health problems and do not realize that the problems
are related to their work, particularly when an occupational disease, for example, is in the early
stages. Besides the other more obvious benefits of training, such as skills development, hazard
recognition, etc., a comprehensive training programme in each workplace will help workers to:
a) Recognize early signs/symptoms of any potential occupational diseases before they
become permanent conditions.
b) Assess their work environment.
c) Insist that management make changes before hazardous conditions can develop.
Wheels India is promoted by the TVS Group and was started in the early 60's to
manufacture automobile wheels. Today, Wheels India has grown as a leading manufacturer of
steel wheels for passenger cars, utility vehicles, trucks, buses, agricultural tractors and
construction equipment in India. The company supplies 2/3rd of the domestic market requirement
and exports 18% of the turnover to North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South Africa.
Wheels India designs and manufactures wheels for the specific requirements of the customer.
Our activities are driven by the following objectives:
Ensure customer satisfaction through timely delivery of quality products and services, at
competitive prices.
Continuously improve & innovative product design, process technology and work
environment to offer better products.
Annual
Plants Manpower
Capacity
Padi, Pune, Rampur, Bawal,Sriperumbudur and Pantnaga 10 million
1, 760
r wheels
Location:
The company has strategically located plants that give it a logistical advantage and allows
flexibility in manufacturing.
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Organization chart
15
Capabilities:
Product Development
a) Design and develop wheels for a wide range of applications, backed by four decades
of enriching experience from field,
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internal trials, and ESA (Experimental Stress Analysis) &
FEM (Finite Element Method).
Process Design
a) Has a qualified and experienced team specialising in tool design for forming /
rolling steel.
b) Fully equipped in-house tool room facility with state-of-the-art machinery and
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design tools.
Wheels India has the ability to design the complete range of steel-wheels to suit customer requirements,
incorporating necessary styling and performance characteristics.
Product Type
Wire Wheels
(For Contemporary & Classic Cars, MUV's & SUV's)
Air Suspension
Wheels India has developed "Air Suspension Systems" which are being marketed under the
brand name TVS-WILRIDE.
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a) TVS-WILRIDE is the pioneer in Air Suspension Systems in
India.
b) TVS-WILRIDE has been specially designed for Indian road
conditions.
c) There are approximately 1000 buses on the roads, using TVS-
WILRIDE Air Suspension Systems.
d) Our initial technical know-how was aquired from DUNLOP,
UK
(now acquired by Trelleborg).
a) Reduces vibration.
Unaudited Financial Results (Provisional) for the quarter ended 30th September, 2009(Rs. In lakhs)
Year
Quarter Ended Half Year Ended Ended(Audi
Particulars ted)
30.09.2009 30.09.2008 30.09.2009 30.09.2008 31.03.2009
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Net Sales/ Income from Operations 27507 34920 50074 71665 112802
Other Operating Income 200 390 347 798 1391
Expenditure
a) (Increase)/Decrease in stock in trade
(1059) 227 (1458) (150) 1226
and work in progress
b) Consumption of raw materials 19703 24257 35659 50881 80689
c) Workers cost 2670 2748 4941 5393 8969
d) Depreciation 894 998 1741 1901 3378
e) Other Expenditure 3910 4883 7363 10230 14720
f) Total 26118 33113 48246 68255 108982
Profit from Operations before Other
1589 2197 2175 4208 5211
income , Interest and Exceptional Items
Other Income - - - - -
Profit before Interest and Exceptional
1589 2197 2175 4208 5211
Items
Interest 938 1156 1900 1994 4677
Profit/(Loss) after Interest but before
651 1041 275 2214 534
Exceptional Items
Exceptional Items - - - - -
Profit/(Loss) from Ordinary Activities
651 1041 275 2214 534
before tax
Tax Expense
*(Net of Minimum Alternate Tax Credit164* 273 36* 798 312
entitlement of Rs 47 lakhs)
Net Profit/(Loss) from Ordinary
487 768 239 1416 222
Activities after tax
Extraordinary Items (Previous year-Net
- - - 1894
of tax expense Rs.515 lacs)
Net Profit/ (Loss) for the period 487 768 239 1416 2116
Paid - up Equity share capital
987 987 987 987 987
(Face Value Rs. 10/-)
Reserves
18272
(Revaluation Reserves - NIL)
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share
4.93* 7.78* 2.42* 14.35* 2.25
before Extraordinary Items(Rs.)
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share
after Extraordinary Items(Rs.)4.93* 7.78* 2.42* 14.35* 21.43
*(not annualised)
Public shareholding
-No of Shares 1411196 1411196 1411196 1411196 1411196
20
-Percentage of
14.30 14.30 14.30 14.30 14.30
shareholding
Promoters and Promoter Group
Shareholding
a)Pledged/ Encumbered
Number of Shares NIL - - - NIL
Percentage of Shares promoter group NA - - - NA
Percentage of Shares to total share
NA - - - NA
capital
b)Non Encumbered
Number of Shares 8458248 - - - 8458248
Percentage of Shares promoter group 100.00 - - - 100.00
Percentage of Shares to total share
85.70 - - - 85.70
capital
1.The above results were reviewed by the Audit Committee and approved by the Board of Directors in
their meeting held on 29.10.2009
2. In pursuance of the option exercised by the company under the Notification of the Ministry
of Corporate Affairs dated 31st March, 2009 relating to the adjustment of exchange
differences on long term foreign currency monetary items, the profit for the quarter
under review is higher by Rs. 337.31 lakhs and for the half year ended sep, 09
the profit is lower by Rs 248.44 lakhs. Hence the figures for the quarter and half year are not
comparable with the corresponding quarter and half year of the previous year
3. The Company operates in only one segment viz. Automotive Components.
4. Previous year's figures have been regrouped wherever necessary to conform
to this year's classification.
5. Statutory auditors of the Company have carried out a limited review
of the above financial results.
6.Investors'Complaints:Pending as at the beginning and end of the quarter - NIL
Received and disposed off during the quarter - NIL
21
TCM Telecon
Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd. Hindustan Motors
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ingersoll Rand
Hyundai Heavy Industries L&T
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries ESCORTS
DOOSAN INFRACORE TIL
Case New Holland PL Haulwel Trailers
BELL Equipment INDITAL
1.2.4 Table showing the Customer list for Wheels
A. Primary objective:
To ascertain the health and safety measures adopted in Wheels India ltd.
B. Secondary objective:
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1) To study the awareness of the workers about health and safety in the work place.
4) To find out the satisfaction level of the respondents towards health and safety
measures.
Health and Safety measures are inevitable to any organization where workers are
involved. It’s an organization’s responsibility to provide to its workers beyond the payment of
wages for their services. The worker’s health and safety on and off the job within the
organization is a vital concern of the employer. The working environment in a factory adversely
affects the worker’s health and safety because of the excessive heat or cold, noise, odors, fumes,
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dust and lack of sanitation and pure air etc., which leads to accident or injury or disablement or
loss of life to the workers. Providing a health and safer environment is a pre-requisite for any
productive effort. These must be held in check by providing regular health check-up, protective
devices and compensatory benefits to the workers. This research deals with the study on the
health and safety measures provided to the workers at Wheels India ltd, Padi, chennai.
This study would give an overview of the health and safety measures existing at Wheels
India ltd, Padi, chennai. Since health and safety are two important elements essential for
improving the productivity of an organization, a study on the existing health and safety measures
would help the organization to perform better. This study would throw light on the perception of
the workers regarding health and safety. Wheels India ltd can identify the areas where it can be
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improved, so as to improve the performance of the workers. This study would also help to
analyze the satisfaction level of the workers towards health and safety measures and suggest
provisions to improve health and safety.
1) The study is applicable only to Wheels India ltd, Padi, chennai. Therefore the results
cannot be generalized for the whole industry.
2) Due to time constraints the sample size had to be confined to 135.
3) The respondents have replied to the queries recalling from their memory. Therefore recall
bias and personal bias are possible.
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4) Since the data was collected using a schedule, the interviewer unable to understand and
record the responses correctly.
5) The respondents were unable or unwilling to give response.
Chapter 1 deals with introduction which gives brief description of the study. It also deals with
company profile, objectives, need, scope, importance and limitations of the study.
Chapter 2 deals with review of literature. Literature review is a discussion of the literature in a
given study, argued, and established about area of study. It is a concise overview of the topic,
and it is usually chronologically or thematically. A literature review is written in essay format.
26
Chapter 3 deals with research methodology. It also deals with the Research design, sampling
design, nature of data, Method of data collection, and the tools applied in the study.
Chapter 5 deals with the findings, suggestions, and conclusion of the study. Findings from each
analysis have been listed separately. Suitable suggestions were given by the researcher.
Conclusion gives the result of the study for which the study was conducted.
1) Johannson B; Rask K; Stenberg M (2010)1, this study was to carry out a broad survey and
analysis of relevant research articles about piece rate wages and their effects on health and
safety. A total of 75 research articles were examined extensively and 31 of these were found
relevant and had sufficient quality to serve the purpose of this study. The findings of these
relevant articles are summarized and analysed in the survey. More recent research shows a
clear interest for health, musculoskeletal injuries, physical workload, pains and occupational
injuries. The fact that 27 of the 31 studied articles found negative effects of piece rates on
27
different aspects of health and safety does not prove causality, but together they give very
strong support that in most situations piece rates have negative effects on health and safety.
2) Tompa, Emile PhD; Dolinschi, Roman MA; de Oliveira (2009)2, we reviewed the
occupational health and safety intervention literature to synthesize evidence on financial
merits of such interventions. A literature search included journal databases, existing
systematic reviews, and studies identified by content experts. We found strong evidence that
ergonomic and other musculoskeletal injury prevention intervention in manufacturing and
warehousing are worth undertaking in terms of their financial merits. The economic
evaluation of interventions in this literature warrants further expansion. The review also
provided insights into how the methodological quality of economic evaluations in this
literature could be improved.
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sleep. The association of overtime with different health indicators among men and women
could be explained by their role as the family breadwinner.
5) Dee W. Edington; Alyssa B. Schultz (2008) 5, The aim was to present the literature which
provides evidence of the association between health risks and the workplace economic
measures of time away from work, reduced productivity at work, health care costs and
pharmaceutical costs. A search of PubMed was conducted and high quality studies were
selected and combined with studies known to the authors. A strong body of evidence exists
which shows that health risks of workers are associated with health care costs and
pharmaceutical costs. A growing body of literature also confirms that health risks are
associated with the productivity measures. The paper shows that measures of success will
continue to be important as the field of worksite health management moves forward.
6) David E. Cantor (2008)6, The purpose of this paper was to review the literature and call for
additional research into the human, operational, and regulatory issues that contribute to
workplace safety in the supply chain. This paper identifies several potential research
opportunities that can increase awareness of the importance of improving a firm's workplace
safety practices. This paper identifies 108 articles which informs, how the logistics and
transportation safety has evolved. The paper identifies 14 future research opportunities within
the workplace safety in the supply chain, that have been identified can have a positive effect
on practitioners confronted with safety issues.
29
should take into account the complex interactions between gender, family roles, employment
status and social class.
8) Shouji Nagashima; Yasushi Suwazono; Yasushi Okubo; Mirei Uetani (2007)8, The aim
was to clarify the influence of working hours on both mental and physical symptoms of
fatigue and use the data obtained to determine permissible working hours. The survey of day-
shift male workers, using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Cumulative Fatigue
Symptoms Index (CFSI). A total of 715 workers participated. In the group working 260–279
h/month, the odds ratios for SDS and ‘irritability’ and ‘chronic tiredness’ of the CFSI were
increased. In the group working 280 h/month, the odds ratios on CFSI for ‘general fatigue’,
‘physical disorders’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘chronic tiredness’ were likewise increased. The research
clarified that working hours should be <260 h/month in order to minimize fatigue symptoms
in male day workers.
10) A Baker; K Heiler; S A Ferguson (2002)10, The occupational health and safety implications
associated with compressed and extended work periods have not been fully explored in the
mining sector. Absenteeism and incident frequency rate data were collected over a 33 month
period that covered three different roster schedules. The only significant change in
absenteeism rates was an increase in the maintenance sector in the third data collection
period. The current study did not find significant negative effects of a 12-hour pattern, when
30
compared to an 8-hour system. However, when unregulated and excessive overtime was
introduced as part of the 12-hour/5-day roster, absenteeism rates were increased in the
maintenance sector.
14) Karen J.M. Niven (2000)14, A literature review was described which aimed to evaluate
economic evaluations of health and safety interventions in healthcare. Problems were
identified with valuing benefits in health and safety because they frequently take many years
to emerge and are difficult to measure. Understanding of economic techniques within the
health and safety professions was limited, resulting in wide-ranging assumptions being made
as to the positive economic impact of health and safety interventions. Healthcare managers,
health economists, and health and safety professionals have not traditionally worked together
and have inherent misunderstandings of each other roles. The review concludes that the aim
of future research should be to assist the National Health Service (NHS) to make valid
decisions about health and safety investment and risk control methods.
16) Simon Chapple and Tracy Mears (1996)16, Most OECD countries rely on a mixture of
market forces, tort liability, compulsory insurance and government regulation to deal with
workplace safety and health issues. There are also other non-efficiency reasons for
government involvement in workplace safety and health. However, while markets may not be
efficient, government intervention can fail to make any improvement and/or not satisfy cost-
benefit criteria. While the empirical evidence is not clear cut, the balance of the evidence
suggests that wages may include some consideration for health and safety risks. Evidence
32
also suggests that workers’ compensation systems increase the frequency and duration of
claims for non-fatal injuries, but may decrease the number of fatal injuries.
17) Peter Hasle and Hans Jorgen Limborg (1995)17, The scientific literature regarding
preventive occupational Health and Safety Activities in Small Enterprises has been reviewed
in order to identify effective preventive approaches and to develop a future research strategy.
There is a lack of evaluation of intervention studies, both in terms of effect and practical
applicability. However, there is sufficiently strong evidence to conclude that workers of small
enterprises are subject to higher risks than the larger ones, and that small enterprises have
difficulties in controlling risk. The most effective preventive approaches seem to be simple
and low cost solutions, disseminated through personal contact. It is important to develop
future intervention research strategies, which study the complete intervention system of the
small enterprises.
18) International Council on Nanotechnology, Rice University 18, The report, "Current
Knowledge and Practices regarding Environmental Health and Safety in the Nanotechnology
Workplace", offers a review and analysis of existing efforts to develop "best practices." This
report finds that efforts to catalogue workplace practices have not systematically documented
current environment, health and safety practices in a variety of workplace settings and
geographies. Moreover, it finds that some existing documents are not publicly available.
19) Maynard, Andrew D19, Article from newsletter by Andrew Maynard summarizing the
current level of development and government investment in nanotechnology research and
development, how nanotechnology presents a potential challenge to conventional approaches
to understanding health hazards in the workplace, and how the United States National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health is working to address current and potential
adverse health impacts in the workplace from nanotechnology.
20) Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, and Health 20, This article seeks to address
a number of important questions concerning the potential health and workplace safety risks
raised by the manufacturing, handling, and distributing of engineered nanoparticles. The
article addresses the following questions; (1) the hazards classification of engineered
33
nanoparticles, (2) exposure metrics, (3) the actual exposures workers may have to different
engineered nanoparticles in the workplace, (4) the limits of engineering controls and personal
protective equipment in protecting workers in regard to engineered nanoparticles, (5) the
kind of surveillance programs that should be put in place to protect workers, (6) whether
exposure registers should be established, and (7) if engineered nanoparticles should be
treated as new substances and evaluated for safety and hazards.
Limitations:
(i) Due to time and cost constraints, the study was restricted to chennai only.
(ii) The duration available for survey per day was 3 hours only. i.e., 2:00pm to 5:00pm.
(iii) Due to refusals and rejections only 135 interview schedule questionnaires could be
Collected.
Secondary data consist of information that already exists somewhere and have been
collected for specific purpose in the study. The secondary data for this study are newspapers,
journals, magazines, internet etc.
35
3.2.7 Geographical Area:
The study area taken for this study was Wheels India Ltd, Padi, Chennai.
Statistical tools.
Respondent Profile : 03
TOTAL : 26
36
3.2.10 Statistical Tools Used:
Chi-square analysis
Correlation
Anova
A Below 25 - -
B 26 - 30 36 27
C 31 – 35 72 53
D 36 – 40 27 20
E Above 40 - -
37
INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than one-fifth of the respondents are comes under the age limit of
26 – 30 years and nearly three-fifth of the respondents are having the age limit of 31 – 35 years
and the remaining one-fifth respondents falls between the age limit of 36 – 40 years. There are
no respondents having the age limit, Below 25 and Above 40 in the survey.
4.1.2 Table showing the experience (in years) of the respondents
A Below 5 - -
B 6 - 10 58 43
C 11 – 15 63 47
D 16 – 20 14 10
E Above 20 - -
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than two-fifth of the respondents are having the experience of 6 – 10
years and nearly three-fifth of the respondents are having the experience of 11 – 15 years and the
remaining some respondents are having experience of 16 – 20 years. There are no respondents
having the experience, Below 5 and Above 20 in the survey.
A YES 63 47
B NO 72 53
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, only less than half of the respondents are aware of the health and safety
measures but more than half of the respondents respond that they are not aware of the health and
safety measures adopted in the company.
4.1.4 Table showing the effective arrangements for communicating health and safety
matters
A YES 49 36
B NO 86 64
4.1.4 Figure showing the effective arrangements for communicating health and safety
matters
40
INFERENCE:
In the survey, only one-third of the respondents say that they have effective arrangements
for communicating health and safety matters but nearly two-third of the respondents says that
they have no effective arrangements for communicating health and safety matters in the
company.
A YES 72 53
B NO 63 47
41
INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than half of the respondents say that the company is providing
medical facilities to the workers but less than half of the respondents respond the company is not
providing any medical facilities to the workers.
A YES 72 53
B NO 63 47
42
INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than half of the respondents respond that they attended the health and
safety training programme conducted in the company but less than half of the respondents says
that they are not attended any health and safety training programme conducted in the company.
A Once in 5 year 32 24
B Once in 3 year 76 56
C Yearly once 27 20
D Monthly - -
E Rarely - -
43
4.1.7 Figure showing the frequency of training offered
INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than one-fifth of the respondents say that the training is offered once
in 5 years and nearly three-fifth of the respondents respond that the training is offered once in 3
years and the remaining one-fifth respondents says that the training is offered yearly once. No
respondents say that the training is offered monthly or rarely.
A Always 14 10
B Sometimes 67 50
C Often 45 33
D Rarely 9 7
E Not at all - -
44
INFERENCE:
In the survey, less than one-fifth of the respondents say that always they have proper
drinking water and half of the respondents respond that sometimes they have proper drinking
water and more than one-fifth respondents says often they have proper drinking water and some
of the respondents says rarely they have proper drinking water facility inside the work place.
A Always 9 7
B Sometimes 45 33
C Often 72 53
D Rarely 9 7
E Not at all - -
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, only very few respondents say that always they have stress and nearly
two-fifth of the respondents respond that sometimes they have stress and nearly three-fifth of the
respondents says often they have stress and very few respondents says rarely they have stress
towards work.
4.1.10 Table showing the awareness about first aid activities and contents of the first aid kit
B Agree 22 16
C Neutral - -
D Disagree - -
E Strongly disagree - -
4.1.10 Figure showing the awareness about first aid activities and contents of the first aid
kit
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than four-fifth of the respondents strongly agrees that they are aware
about the first aid activities and contents of the first aid kit but less than one-fifth respondents
simply agrees that they are aware about the first aid activities and contents of the first aid kit. No
respondents say that they are not aware about the first aid activities and contents of the first aid
kit.
A Strongly agree 76 56
B Agree 59 44
C Neutral - -
D Disagree - -
E Strongly disagree - -
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, nearly three-fifth of the respondents strongly agrees that the company
implements effective disciplinary procedures but more than two-fifth respondents simply agrees
that the company implements effective disciplinary procedures to maintain health and safety in
the organization. No respondents say that the company is not implementing effective disciplinary
procedures.
A Strongly agree 32 24
B Agree 103 76
C Neutral - -
D Disagree - -
E Strongly disagree - -
48
INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than one-fifth of the respondents strongly agree that the working
temperature is reasonable to work but nearly four-fifth respondents simply agree that the
working temperature is reasonable to work. No respondents say that the working temperature is
not reasonable to work.
A Strongly agree 22 16
B Agree 81 60
C Neutral 32 24
D Disagree - -
E Strongly disagree - -
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, less than one-fifth of the respondents strongly agree that they have enough
space to work but three-fifth respondents simply agree that they have enough space to work and
more than one-fifth of the respondents say that they have no idea about the overcrowding. No
respondents say that they are not having enough space to work.
4.1.14 Table showing the latrines and urinals are cleaned and maintained properly
A Strongly agree 22 16
B Agree 77 57
C Neutral 36 27
D Disagree - -
E Strongly disagree - -
4.1.14 Figure showing the latrines and urinals are cleaned and maintained properly
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, less than one-fifth of the respondents strongly agree that the latrines and
urinals are cleaned and maintained properly but nearly three-fifth respondents simply agree that
the latrines and urinals are cleaned and maintained properly and more than one-fifth of the
respondents say that they have no idea about the maintenance of latrines and urinals. No
respondents say that the latrines and urinals are not cleaned and maintained properly.
A Strongly agree 54 40
B Agree 45 33
C Neutral 36 27
D Disagree - -
E Strongly disagree - -
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, two-fifth of the respondents strongly agree that their environment is safe to
work but less than two-fifth respondents simply agree that their environment is safe to work and
more than one-fifth of the respondents say that they have no idea about their environment is safe
to work. No respondents say that their environment is not safe to work.
4.1.16 Table showing the enough training given to workers before handling the machines
A Strongly agree 63 47
B Agree 50 37
C Neutral 22 16
D Disagree - -
E Strongly disagree - -
4.1.16 Figure showing the enough training given to workers before handling the machines
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than two-fifth of the respondents strongly agree that enough training
is given to the workers but less than two-fifth respondents simply agree that enough training is
given to the workers and less than one-fifth of the respondents say that they have no idea about
enough the training given to the workers. No respondents say that enough training is not given to
the workers before handling machines.
A Yearly - -
B Half yearly 32 24
C Quarterly 94 69
D Monthly 9 7
E Rarely - -
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than one-fifth of the respondents say that the company provides
health check-up half yearly and more than three-fifth of the respondents respond that the
company provides health check-up quarterly and less than one-fifth respondents says that the
company provides health check-up monthly. No respondents say that the health check-up was
provided yearly or rarely.
A Always 4 3
B Sometimes 54 40
C Often 63 47
D Rarely 14 10
E Not at all - -
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, only very few respondents say that always they are maintaining the
machines properly and two-fifth of the respondents respond that sometimes they are maintaining
the machines properly and more than two-fifth respondents says often they are maintaining the
machines properly and less than one-fifth of the respondents says rarely they are maintaining the
machines properly.
A Always 4 3
B Sometimes 23 17
C Often 81 60
D Rarely 27 20
E Not at all - -
55
INFERENCE:
In the survey, only very few respondents say that always the accidents are happened and
less than one-fifth of the respondents respond that sometimes the accidents are happened and
three-fifth respondents says often the accidents are happened and one-fifth of the respondents
says rarely the accidents are happened.
B Finger injuries 50 37
C Electric shocks 63 47
D Fire accidents 18 13
56
INFERENCE:
In the survey, only very few respondents ranked fallen from height are occurred and less
than two-fifth of the respondents ranked finger injuries are occurred but more than two-fifth of
the respondents ranked electric shocks are happened and less than one-fifth of the respondents
ranked fire accidents are happened.
A YES 99 73
B NO 36 27
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, nearly four-fifth of the respondents say that the company is providing
safety requirements for work and more than one-fifth of the respondents only respond that the
company is not providing any safety requirements for work.
A YES 41 31
B NO 94 69
58
INFERENCE:
In the survey, nearly two-fifth of the respondents respond that the safety committee is
formed in the company but more than three-fifth of the respondents say that the safety committee
is not formed in the company.
A Yearly 27 20
B Monthly 90 67
C Weekly 18 13
D Daily - -
E Rarely - -
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4.1.23 Figure showing the safety inspections held in the company
INFERENCE:
In the survey, one-fifth of the respondents say that the safety inspections are held yearly
once and more than three-fifth of the respondents respond that the safety inspections are held
monthly once and less than one-fifth respondents says that the safety inspections are held weekly
once. No respondents say that the safety inspections are held daily or rarely in the company.
4.1.24 Table showing the satisfactory level of workers towards health and safety measures
B Satisfied 117 87
C Neutral 18 13
D Dissatisfied - -
E Highly dissatisfied - -
4.1.24 Figure showing the satisfactory level of workers towards health and safety measures
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, more than four-fifth of the respondents say that they are simply satisfied
with the health and safety measures adopted in the company and less than one-fifth of the
respondents say that they have no idea about the satisfaction level from health and safety
measures. No respondents are very much satisfied and dissatisfied with the health and safety
measures adopted in the company.
4.1.25 Table showing the role of management in implementing health and safety
A Excellent - -
B Best 54 40
C Better 67 50
D Good 14 10
E Poor - -
4.1.25 Figure showing the role of management in implementing health and safety
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INFERENCE:
In the survey, two-fifth of the respondents say that the role of management in
implementing health and safety is best and more than two-fifth of the respondents say that the
role of management is better and less than one-fifth of the respondents respond that the role of
management in implementing health and safety is good. No respondents say that the role of
management in implementing health and safety is excellent or poor.
Null hypothesis (H0): There is a relationship existing between the awareness of workers and the
Health and safety training.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is no relationship existing between the awareness of
workers and the Health and safety training.
4.2.1.1 Table showing the awareness of workers and health and safety training.
Yes No Total
Number Of
63 72 135
Respondents
72 63 135
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Total 135 135 270
FORMULA:
χ2 = ∑ (Oi -Ei )2 / Ei
Where,
O = Observed Frequency
E = Expected Frequency = Row Total x Column Total
Grand Total
i = 1, 2, 3………n
4.2.1.2 Table showing the analysis between awareness of workers and health and safety
training.
Total 1.2
Degree of freedom:
= (r - 1) (c -1)
= (2-1) (2-1)
=1
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χ2 Table value at 5% Level of significance = 3.841
χ2 Calculated value = 1.2
χ2 CV < χ2 TV
So, H0 is accepted, H1 is rejected.
INFERENCE:
Hence, there is a relationship between the awareness of workers and the Health and safety
training.
4.2.2 Analysis between effective disciplinary procedures and safe work environment.
Null hypothesis (H0): There is a relationship existing between the effective disciplinary
procedures and safe working environment.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is no relationship existing between the effective disciplinary
procedures and safe working environment.
4.2.2.1 Table showing the effective disciplinary procedures and protected working
environment.
Strongly Strongly
Agree Neutral Disagree Total
Agree Disagree
Number Of
76 59 0 0 0 135
Respondents
54 45 36 0 0 135
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FORMULA:
χ2 = ∑ (Oi -Ei )2 / Ei
Where,
O = Observed Frequency
E = Expected Frequency = Row Total x Column Total
Grand Total
i = 1, 2, 3………n
4.2.2.2 Table showing the analysis between effective disciplinary procedures and protected
working environment.
Degree of freedom:
= (r - 1) (c -1)
= (2-1) (5-1)
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=4
INFERENCE:
Hence, there is no relationship existing between the effective disciplinary procedures and safe
working environment.
4.3.1 Table showing the analysis between the maintenance of machines and the accidents
happened.
X Y X2 Y2 XY
4 4 16 16 16
0 0 0 0 0
FORMULA:
r= (N ∑xy - ∑x ∑y)
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√ (N ∑x2 – (∑x) 2) √ (N ∑y2 – (∑y) 2)
INFERENCE:
4.4.1 Table showing the analysis between the health check-up provided and stress towards
work.
X Y R1 R2 D = R1 – R2 D2
0 9 4.5 3.5 1 1
32 45 2 2 0 0
94 72 1 1 0 0
TOTAL 1.5
FORMULAE:
When the ranks are equal,
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r = 1 – 6 (∑D2 + 1/12(m3 – m) +……)
N (N2 – 1)
N = Number of values in a group.
m = Number of times a value is repeated.
Therefore,
r = 1 – 6 (1.5 + 1/12(23 – 2) + 1/12(23 - 2)
5 (52 – 1)
= 1 – 0.125
= 0.875
INFERENCE:
VALUE RESULT
Health check-up provided and stress towards work.
0.875 GOOD
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4.5 ANOVA:
Analysis between the health and safety measures provided to the workers.
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no significant difference existing between the health and safety
measures provided to the workers.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference existing between the health and
safety measures provided to the workers.
Maintaining
22 77 36 0 0 135 7709
latrines, urinals
Training before
handling 63 50 22 0 0 135 6953
machines
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TOTAL 18730 26083 2804 0 0
70
Between columns 18274 4 4568.5
Total 29392 24
INFERENCE:
There is a significant difference existing between the health and safety measures provided to the
workers.
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5.1 FINDINGS
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8) 50% of the respondents respond that sometimes they have proper drinking water and 33%
of the respondents says often they have proper drinking water and 10% of the
respondents say that always they have proper drinking water and 7% of the respondents
says rarely they have proper drinking water facility inside the work place.
9) 53% of the respondents says often they have stress and 33% of the respondents respond
that sometimes they have stress and 7% of the respondents say that always they have
stress and only 7% of the respondents says rarely they have stress towards work.
10) 84% of the respondents strongly agree that they are aware about the first aid activities
and contents of the first aid kit and 16% of the respondents simply agree that they are
aware about the first aid activities and contents of the first aid kit.
11) 56% of the respondents strongly agree that the company implements effective
disciplinary procedures and 44% of the respondents simply agree that the company
implements effective disciplinary procedures.
12) 76% of the respondents simply agree that the working temperature is reasonable to work
and 24% of the respondents strongly agree that the working temperature is reasonable to
work.
13) 60% of the respondents simply agree that they have enough space to work and 24% of the
respondents have no idea about the overcrowding and 16% of the respondents strongly
agree that they have enough space to work.
14) 57% of the respondents simply agree that the latrines and urinals are cleaned and
maintained properly and 27% of the respondents have no idea about the maintenance of
latrines and urinals and 16% of the respondents strongly agree that the latrines and urinals
are cleaned and maintained properly.
15) 40% of the respondents strongly agree that their environment is safe to work and 33% of
the respondents simply agree that their environment is safe to work and 27% of the
respondents say that they have no idea about the safe working environment.
16) 47% of the respondents strongly agree that enough training is given to the workers and
37% of the respondents simply agree that enough training is given to the workers and
16% of the respondents say that they have no idea about enough the training given to the
workers.
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17) 69% of the respondents respond that the company provides health check-up quarterly and
24% of the respondents say that the company provides health check-up half yearly and
7% of the respondents say that the company provides health check-up monthly.
18) 47% of the respondents says often they are maintaining the machines properly and 40%
of the respondents respond that sometimes they are maintaining the machines properly
and only 10% of the respondents says rarely they are maintaining the machines properly
and 3% of the respondents say that always they are maintaining the machines properly.
19) 60% of the respondents say often the accidents are happened and 20% of the respondents
say rarely the accidents are happened and 17% of the respondents respond that sometimes
the accidents are happened and only 3% of the respondents say that always the accidents
are happened.
20) 47% of the respondents ranked electric shocks are happened and 37% of the respondents
ranked finger injuries are occurred and 13% of the respondents ranked fire accidents are
happened and only 3% of the respondents ranked fallen from height are occurred.
21) 73% of the respondents say that the company is providing safety requirements for work
but 27% of the respondents respond that the company is not providing any safety
requirements for work.
22) 69% of the respondents say that the safety committee is not formed in the company and
only 31% of the respondents respond that the safety committee is formed in the company.
23) 67% of the respondents respond that the safety inspections are held monthly once and
20% of the respondents say that the safety inspections are held yearly once and 13% of
the respondents say that the safety inspections are held weekly once.
24) 87% of the respondents say that they are simply satisfied with the health and safety
measures and 13% of the respondents say that they have no idea about the satisfaction
level from health and safety measures.
25) 50% of the respondents say that the role of management is better and 40% of the
respondents say that the role of management is best and 10% of the respondents respond
that the role of management in implementing health and safety is good.
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1) There is a relationship between the awareness of workers and the Health and safety
training.
2) There is no relationship existing between the effective disciplinary procedures and safe
working environment.
5.1.2.2 Correlation:
Since the correlation value is 0.813, there is a high degree of positive relationship that
exists between the maintenance of machines and the accidents happened.
5.1.2.3 Spearman’s Rank Correlation:
Since the correlation value is 0.875, the relationship that exists between the health check-
up provided and stress towards work is good.
5.1.2.4 Anova:
There is a significant difference existing between the health and safety measures provided
to the workers.
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5.2 SUGGESTIONS
1) The company has to create the awareness for the workers regarding health and safety.
2) They have to provide effective arrangements to the workers for communicating their
health and safety matters.
3) It is better to provide frequent health and safety training, atleast once in a year.
4) The company has to provide enough drinking water facility available at all the time.
5) The management has to take necessary steps to reduce the stress level of the workers.
6) Orientation programmes can be conducted to make the workers to feel that their work
environment is safe to work.
7) The maintenance department has to maintain the machines properly to reduce lead-time.
8) Proper training has to be given to the workers to avoid frequent accidents.
9) Meditation practices can be given to avoid electric shocks, finger injuries etc. due to lack
of concentration.
10) Safety committee has to be formed to monitor the health and safety issues.
11) The company has to conduct the regular inspections to ensure higher level of safety in the
workplace.
12) Cordial relationship has to be maintained between the management and the workers to
implement the health and safety policies and measures in a smooth manner.
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5.3 CONCLUSION
It is revealed from the study that, the health and safety measures adopted in Wheels India
ltd, Padi, Chennai are provided to the workers according to the provisions of the factories act. It
reveals that the awareness of the workers about health and safety in the workplace is inadequate.
Also repeated accidents like electric shocks, finger injuries are occurred in the workplace.
Suitable ideas were suggested to avoid those accidents and to improve the health and safety
measures. The role of management in implementing health and safety in the organization is very
effective. Most of the workers were satisfied with the health and safety measures adopted in the
company. If the company implements effective disciplinary procedures; it will help the company
to go with their policies and also to maintain health and safety in the organization.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:
1) Arun monappa (1994), “Industrial relations”, 8th edition.
2) Ajay garg (1995), “Labour laws”, 8 th revised edition.
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edition.
4) C.B.Guptha (2000), “Human Resource management".
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6) Joseph M Putti (1980), “The management of securing and maintaining the
workforce”, S Chand & Co Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
7) O.R.Krishnaswami, M.Ranganatham, “Methodology of research in social sciences”,
Himalaya publishing house.
8) P.N.Arora, S.Arora, "Statistics for management" Himalaya publishing house.
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10) Sewa singh chauhan (1993), “Labour welfare administration in India”, 1st edition.
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1) www.hr.com
2) www.humanresources.about.com
3) www.ilo.com
4) www.britannica.com
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5) www.definition-info.com
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INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
1) Name (Optional) :
2) Age
(a) Below 25 (b) 26-30 (c) 31-35 (d) 36-40 (e) Above 40
4) Are you aware of the health and safety measures adopted in the company?
(a) Yes (b) No
5) Do you have effective arrangements for communicating health and safety matters?
(a) Yes (b) No
7) Have you attended any health and safety training in your company?
(a) Yes (b) No
9) Do you have proper drinking water facility inside your work place?
(a) Always (b) Sometimes (c) Often (d) Rarely (e) Not at all
80
10) Do you have any stress towards work?
(a) Always (b) Sometimes (c) Often (d) Rarely (e) Not at all
18) How often the company provide health checkup for workers?
(a) Yearly (b) Half yearly (c) Quarterly (d) Monthly (e) Rarely
24) How often the safety inspections are held in your company?
(a) Yearly (b) Monthly (c) Weekly (d) Daily (e) Rarely
25) Satisfactory level of the health and safety measures taken in the company?
(a) Very much satisfied (b) Satisfied (c) Neutral (d) Dissatisfied (e) Highly dissatisfied
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83