Art appreciation is the 

capacity to understand arts works and experience a certain enjoyment in creating art.

art is the transmission of feeling the artist has experienced or the expression of the ineffable emotion of the

 
artist. also teaches many important qualities such as listening, observing and responding to multiple
perspective.

- It is meant to stimulate thought because it allows viewers to draw their own emotions and pull from their
personal experiences when viewed. It is very powerful in this way and it naturally develops critical and
innovative thinking skills. Art also teaches many important qualities such as listening, observing and
responding to multiple perspectives.

Art makes people optimistic about their future. Art can be used to help spread a message of inspiration,
making people achieve great things in life. Art can be a form of communication between people, to focus on
common issues for the betterment of humankind. Inspirational music is the best form of creative art.

Art appreciation is the knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that identify all
great art. The more you appreciate and understand the art of different eras, movements, styles and
techniques, the better you can develop, evaluate and improve your own artwork

Formal After we see an object, we can understand its form: the physical attributes of size, shape and
mass. With art, this may at first appear to be simple: we can separate out each artistic element and
discover how it is used in the work. The importance of a formal level of meaning is it allows us to
look of art from an objective view.

Subject There are specific categories of ideas that have been represented in art over time. Many of them are
present in some cultures, but never present in others. This disparity gives us another place to look for
meaning when we approach differences in representation.

Context Context refers to the historical, religious or social issues surrounding a work of art. These issues not
only influence the way the viewer finds meaning in particular works of art but also how the artists themselves
create them.

Iconography At the simplest of levels, iconography is the containment of deeper meanings in simple
representations. It makes use of symbolism to generate narrative, which in turn develops a work’s meaning.

Paleolithic era, or the Old Stone Age, in the form of rock carvings, engravings, pictorial imagery, sculptures,
and stone arrangements

Complex caves of Lascaux in France - The Lascaux paintings are estimated to be 17,000 years old. Most of
the cave paintings are situated quite a distance away from the entrance and must have been created with the
aid of candles. The most famous cave painting is The Great Hall of the Bulls where bulls, horses and deers are
depicted. One of the bulls is 5.2 meters (17 feet) long, the largest animal discovered so far in any cave.

Ancient art was produced by advanced civilizations, which in this case refers to those with an established
written language. These civilizations included Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and those of the Americas.

The Hammurabi code of laws, a collection of 282 rules, established standards for commercial interactions
and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice.
Medieval Art (Middle Ages) 500 - 1400
The Middle Ages, often referred to as the “Dark Ages,” marked a period of economic and cultural
deterioration following the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. Much of the artwork produced in the early
years of the period reflects that darkness, characterized by grotesque imagery and brutal scenery. Art
produced during this time was centered around the Church. 

The Lindisfarne Gospels is a Christian manuscript, containing the four gospels recounting the life and
teachings of Jesus Christ. The manuscript was used for ceremonial purposes to promote and celebrate the
Christian religion and the word of God.

Renaissance Art (1400- 1600) This style of painting, sculpture, and decorative art was characterized by a
focus on nature and individualism, the thought of man as independent and self-reliant. Though these ideals
were present in the late Medieval period, they flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries, paralleling social and
economic changes like secularization.

Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci - The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo
da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as "the best
known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the
world". 

Mannerism 1527 - 1580

Mannerist artists emerged from the ideals of Michelangelo, Raphael, and other Late Renaissance artists, but
their focus on style and technique outweighed the meaning of the subject matter. Often, figures had graceful,
elongated limbs, small heads, stylized features and exaggerated details. This yielded more complex, stylized
compositions rather than relying on the classical ideals of harmonious composition and linear perspective
used by their Renaissance predecessors.

Madonna with the Long Neck

By Parmigianino
This work focuses on the Madonna, whose extenuated limbs and monumental scale fill the center of the
canvas. A nude infant Jesus reclines on his mother's lap while angels crowd around them. His pale form, limp
arms, and closed eyes create a disconcerting effect reminiscent of a woeful Pietà . Mary's expression is also
nontraditional. As she holds elegant but overly long fingers to her heart, looking down with a slight smile, she
seems bemused and distanced. 

Baroque 1600 – 1750 - The Baroque period that followed Mannerism yielded ornate, over-the-top visual
arts and architecture. It was characterized by grandeur and richness, punctuated by an interest in broadening
human intellect and global discovery. Baroque artists were stylistically complex.

Rococo (1699–1780)
Rococo originated in Paris, encompassing decorative art, painting, architecture, and sculpture. The
aesthetic offered a softer style of decorative art compared to Baroque’s exuberance. Rococo is characterized
by lightness and elegance, focusing on the use of natural forms, asymmetrical design, and subtle colors.

The Embarkation for Cythera is a painting by the French painter Jean-Antoine Watteau. It is also known as
Voyage to Cythera and Pilgrimage to the Isle of Cythera. Watteau submitted this work to the Royal Academy
of Painting and Sculpture as his reception piece in 1717. The painting is now in the Louvre in Paris.

Neoclassicism 1750 -1850

As its name suggests, the Neoclassical period drew upon elements from classical antiquity. Archaeological
ruins of ancient civilizations in Athens and Naples that were discovered at the time reignited a passion for all
things past, and artists strove to recreate the great works of ancient art. This translated to a renewed interest
in classical ideals of harmony, simplicity, and proportion.
Napoleon Crossing the Alps is any of five versions of an oil on canvas equestrian portrait of Napoleon
Bonaparte painted by the French artist Jacques-Louis David between 1801 and 1805. Initially commissioned
by the King of Spain, the composition shows a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and
his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May 1800.

Romanticism (1780 – 1850) - embodies a broad range of disciplines, from painting to music to literature.
The ideals present in each of these art forms reject order, harmony, and rationality, which were embraced in
both classical art and Neoclassicism. Instead, Romantic artists emphasized the individual and imagination.
Another defining Romantic ideal was an appreciation for nature, with many turning to plein air painting,
which brought artists out of dark interiors and enabled them to paint outside. Artists also focused on passion,
emotion, and sensation over intellect and reason.

Realism 1848 – 1900 - Arguably the first modern art movement, Realism, began in France in the 1840s.
Realism was a result of multiple events: the anti-Romantic movement in Germany, the rise of journalism, and
the advent of photography. Each inspired new interest in accurately capturing everyday life. This attention to
accuracy is evident in art produced during the movement, which featured detailed, life-like depictions of
subject matter.

The Gleaners is an oil painting by Jean-François Millet completed in 1857. It depicts three peasant women
gleaning a field of stray stalks of wheat after the harvest. 

Art Nouveau 1890 – 1910 which translates to “New Art,” attempted to create an entirely authentic movement free
from any imitation of styles that preceded it. This movement heavily influenced applied arts, graphics, and
illustration. It focused on the natural world, characterized by long, sinuous lines and curves.

Impressionism 1865 – 1885 - Impressionist painters sought to capture the immediate impression of a

particular moment. This was characterized by short, quick brushstrokes and an unfinished, sketch-like feel.
Impressionist artists used modern life as their subject matter, painting situations like dance halls and sailboat
regattas rather than historical and mythological events.

Post – Impressionism 1885 – 1910 - Post-Impressionist painters worked independently rather than as a
group, but each influential Post-Impressionist painter had similar ideals. They concentrated on subjective
visions and symbolic, personal meanings rather than observations of the outside world. This was often
achieved through abstract forms.

Seurat painted a frame around the scene, buffering the transition between the world of the painting and
reality.

Fauvism 1900 – 1935 built upon examples from Vincent van Gogh and George Seurat. As the first avant-
garde, 20th-century movement, this style was characterized by expressive use of intense color, line, and
brushwork, a bold sense of surface design, and flat composition.

Expressionism 1905 – 1920 - emerged as a response to increasingly conflicted world views and the loss of
spirituality. Expressionist art sought to draw from within the artist, using a distortion of form and strong
colors to display anxieties and raw emotions. 

Cubism 1907 – 1914 - was established by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who rejected the concept that
art should copy nature. They moved away from traditional techniques and perspectives; instead, they created
radically fragmented objects through abstraction. Many Cubist painters’ works are marked by flat, two-
dimensional surfaces, geometric forms or “cubes” of objects, and multiple vantage points. Often, their subjects
weren’t even discernible.

Surrealism 1916 – 1950 - emerged from the Dada art movement in 1916, showcasing works of art that
defied reason. Surrealists denounced the rationalist mindset. They blamed this thought process on events like
World War I and believed it to repress imaginative thoughts. Surrealists were influenced by Karl Marx and
theories developed by Sigmund Freud, who explored psychoanalysis and the power of imagination.

Abstract Expressionism 1940 – 1950- Shaped by the legacy of Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism
emerged in New York after WWII. It’s often referred to as the New York School or action painting. These
painters and abstract sculptors broke away from what was considered conventional, and instead used
spontaneity and improvisation to create abstract works of art. This included colossally-scaled works whose
size could no longer be accommodated by an easel. Instead, canvases would be placed directly upon the floor.

OP Art 1950 – 1960 - Heightened by advances in science and technology as well as an interest in optical
effects and illusions, the Op art (short for “optical” art) movement launched with Le Mouvement, a group
exhibition at Galerie Denise Rene in 1955. Artists active in this style used shapes, colors, and patterns to
create images that appeared to be moving or blurring, often produced in black and white for maximum
contrast. These abstract patterns were meant to both confuse and excite the eye.

Pop art 1950 – 1960 -  is one of the most recognizable artistic developments of the 20th century. The
movement transitioned away from methods used in Abstract Expressionism, and instead used everyday,
mundane objects to create innovative works of art that challenged consumerism and mass media. This
introduction to identifiable imagery was a shift from the direction of modernism.

Arte Povera 1960 - Translating literally to “poor art,” Arte Povera challenged modernist, contemporary
systems by infusing commonplace materials into creations. Artists used soil, rocks, paper, rope, and other
earthen elements to evoke a pre-industrial sentiment. As a result, many of the notable works during this
movement are sculptural.

Minimalism 1960 – 1970 - The Minimalist movement emerged in New York as a group of younger artists
began to question the overly expressive works of Abstract Expressionist artists. Minimalist art instead
focused on anonymity, calling attention to the materiality of works. Artists urged viewers to focus on
precisely what was in front of them, rather than draw parallels to outside realities and emotive thoughts
through the use of purified forms, order, simplicity, and harmony.

Conceptual art 1960 – 1970-  completely rejected previous art movements, and artists prized ideas over
visual components, creating art in the from of performances, ephemera, and other forms. Polish performance
artist Ewa Partum’s Active Poetry consisted of her scattering single alphabet letters across various landscapes.
American artist Joseph Kosuth explored the production and role of language within art, as seen in his
1965, One and Three Chairs. In it, he represents one chair in three different ways to represent different
meanings of the same object. Because this type of art focused on ideas and concepts, there was no distinct
style or form.

Contemporary art (1970 – present) is art made today by living artists. As such, it reflects the complex
issues that shape our diverse, global, and rapidly changing world. Through their work, many contemporary
artists explore personal or cultural identity, offer critiques of social and institutional structures, or even
attempt to redefine art itself.

Ukiyo-E - often translated as "pictures of the floating world," refers to Japanese paintings and woodblock
prints that originally depicted the cities' pleasure districts during the Edo Period (1603-1868), when the
sensual attributes of life were encouraged among a tranquil existence under the peaceful rule of the Shoguns.
These idyllic narratives not only document the leisure activities and climate of the era, they also depict the
decidedly Japanese aesthetics of beauty, poetry, nature, spirituality, love, and sex.

uki for sadness and yo for life,

Techniques - knowing some fundamental painting techniques and styles will help you immensely when
you're getting started on your artistic journey using paint. That means storing some knowledge of tone,
colour, texture, brushwork and composition, as all this will help you to create your own masterpieces with
confidence. 

Mediums - refers to the different materials or supplies that an artist utilizes in order to create a work of art.
In painting, medium can refer to both the type of paint used (oil, acrylic, watercolor, etc) and the base or
ground to which the paint is applied (canvas, wood, paper, etc).

Underpainting - Create an underpainting in burnt umber or a mix of burnt sienna and phthalo blues to
establish shadows and values. Acrylics are probably the best medium to use at this stage as they're quick-
drying and permanent.

Blocking in - Brushes come in a number of shapes and with different fiber types, all of which give very
different results. The key is to try all of them as you paint. The most versatile are a synthetic/sable mix –
these brushes can be used with most of the different paint types. Brushes come in flat and round types and it
pays to have a selection of both. Check out our guide to picking the right brush to learn more.

Building up texture - Have a dry, flat brush that you can use to blend your paint and create smooth
transitions. I tend to like lots of texture and like to see brush marks in my own work. Almost anything can be
used to add texture to your paint. There are ready made texture media available, but i have seen items such as
egg shell and sand used to add interest to a painting.
One tip is to use an old toothbrush to spatter your image with paint. This can be remarkably effective at
suggesting noise and grain

Dry brushing - This is a method of applying colour that only partially covers a previously dried layer of paint.
Add very little paint to your brush and apply it with very quick, directional strokes. This method tends to
work best when applying light paint over dark areas/dried paint and is useful for depicting rock and grass
textures

Sgraffito- Removing paint can be as important as applying it. Sgraffito is the term used when you scratch
away paint while it's wet to expose the underpainting. It's especially useful when depicting scratches, hair,
grasses and the like.You can use almost any pointed object for this – try rubber shaping tools or the end of a
brush.

Glazing is the process of laying a coat of transparent paint over a dry part of the painting, and it's used for
intensifying shadows and modulating colour. A light transparent blue over dry yellow will, of course, create
green.

Creativity is defined by psychological scientists as the generation of ideas or products that are both original
and valuable.

Creativity relies on imagination, the conscious representation of what is not immediately present to the
senses. Although research on creativity has increased in quantity and quality since J. P. Guilford’s presidential
address to the American Psychological Association in 1950, this fundamental human ability remains
understudied in comparison to other important psychological phenomena. 

Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and
understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand.”
– Albert Einstein
Imagination is not constrained by the walls of the norm but goes beyond that. Through imagination, one is
able to craft something bold, something new, and something better in the hopes of creating something that
will stimulate change.

The art of Ancient Rome, its Republic and later Empire includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic

work. Luxury objects in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered to be
minor forms of Roman art, although they were not considered as such at the time. Sculpture was perhaps
considered as the highest form of art by Romans, but figure painting was also highly regarded. A very large
body of sculpture has survived from about the 1st century BC onward, though very little from before, but very
little painting remains, and probably nothing that a contemporary would have considered to be of the highest
quality.
Roman sculpture is complicated by its relation to Greek sculpture. Many examples of even the most famous
Greek sculptures, such as the Apollo Belvedere and Barberini Faun, are known only from Roman
Imperial or Hellenistic "copies". At one time, this imitation was taken by art historians as indicating a
narrowness of the Roman artistic imagination, but, in the late 20th century, Roman art began to be
reevaluated on its own terms: some impressions of the nature of Greek sculpture may in fact be based on
Roman artistry.

Roman mosaic is a mosaic made during the Roman period, throughout the Roman Republic and

later Empire. Mosaics were used in a variety of private and public buildings. [1] They were highly influenced by
earlier and contemporary Hellenistic Greek mosaics, and often included famous figures from history and
mythology, such as Alexander the Great in the Alexander Mosaic. A large proportion of surviving examples
come from Italian sites such as Pompeii and Herculaneum, as well as other areas of the Roman Empire.

Metalwork was highly developed, and clearly an essential part of the homes of the rich, who dined off silver,
while often drinking from glass, and had elaborate cast fittings on their furniture, jewellery, and small
figurines.

An engraved gem, frequently referred to as an intaglio, is a small and usually semi-precious gemstone that

has been carved, in the Western tradition normally with images or inscriptions only on one face.
[1]
 The engraving of gemstones was a major luxury art form in the Ancient world, and an important one in
some later periods

Ivory carving is the carving of ivory, that is to say animal tooth or tusk, generally by using sharp cutting
tools, either mechanically or manually.

Roman glass objects have been recovered across the Roman Empire in domestic, industrial
and funerary contexts. Glass was used primarily for the production of vessels, although mosaic tiles and
window glass were also produced. Roman glass production developed from Hellenistic technical traditions,
initially concentrating on the production of intensely coloured cast glass vessels. However, during the 1st
century AD the industry underwent rapid technical growth that saw the introduction of glass blowing and the
dominance of colourless or 'aqua' glasses.

Roman concrete, also called opus caementicium, was a material used in construction in Ancient Rome.
Roman concrete was based on a hydraulic-setting cement.

Roman arch was the foundation of Rome's architectural mastery and massive expanse of building projects
across the ancient world. It allowed the Romans to make bigger buildings, longer roads, and better aqueducts.
The Roman arch is the ancestor of modern architecture.

Dome, in architecture, hemispherical structure evolved from the arch, usually forming a ceiling or roof.
Domes first appeared as solid mounds and in techniques adaptable only to the smallest buildings, such as
round huts and tombs in the ancient Middle East, India, and the Mediterranean. The Romans introduced the
large-scale masonry hemisphere. The dome exerts thrusts all around its perimeter, and the earliest
monumental examples, such as the Roman Pantheon, required heavy supporting walls.

Art Nouveau, ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and
the United States

About this time the term Art Nouveau was coined, in Belgium by the periodical L’Art Moderne to describe the
work of the artist group Les Vinat and in Paris by S. Bing, who named his gallery L’Art Nouveau. The style was
called Jugendstil in Germany, Sezessionstil in Austria, Stile Floreale (or Stile Liberty) in Italy, and Modernismo
(or Modernista) in Spain.

Art causes people to look a little closer at social issues, at other people and their emotions, at the
environment that surrounds them, and the everyday objects and life forms around them. Art helps them see
what is there but not easily perceived. The artist brings out that which cannot be seen or felt easily.

The mediums that artists use to inspire and create their pieces are from nature. Wood, charcoal, graphite,
clay, mixed pigments, water. Artists literally use nature to create their works. The way the cave dwellers
created paint to document and draw on their walls is in essence the same exact process that we use today.

Art is man-made construct. Moreover, “art is not nature” means that it is not a natural occurrence.
However, man has taught himself to find art in nature. Art is not Nature, Art is made by Man Setting us
apart from the animals, humans learned and perceived logic and pattern in our everyday lives.

The mediums that artists use to inspire and create their pieces are from nature. Wood, charcoal, graphite,
clay, mixed pigments, water. Artists literally use nature to create their works. The way the cave dwellers
created paint to document and draw on their walls is in essence the same exact process that we use today.

Art is man-made construct. Moreover, “art is not nature” means that it is not a natural occurrence.
However, man has taught himself to find art in nature. Art is not Nature, Art is made by Man Setting us
apart from the animals, humans learned and perceived logic and pattern in our everyday lives.

Artwork-a painting, sculpture, photograph, etc., that is created to be beautiful or to express an important idea
or feeling : an artistic work. : drawings, photographs, etc., that are included in books, magazines, and other
printed materials.

Autobiographies - Autobiography, the biography of oneself narrated by oneself. ... Autobiographical works

can take many forms, from the intimate writings made during life that were not necessarily intended for
publication (including letters, diaries, journals, memoirs, and reminiscences) to a formal book-
length autobiography.

Film of the artist An art film is typically a serious, independent film, aimed at a niche market rather than a
mass market audience. It is "intended to be a serious, artistic work, often experimental and not designed for
mass appeal" "made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit" and contains
"unconventional or highly symbolic content"

Artifacts of the artist a usually simple object (such as a tool or ornament) showing human workmanship or
modification as distinguished from a natural object especially : an object remaining from a particular period
caves containing prehistoric artifacts.

Photographs of artwork or artists -Photography refers to the process or practice of creating a photograph
– an image produced by the action of light on a light-sensitive material.
Nature art – involving nature can be done simply to display the beauty of the natural world around us to
make scientific observation in an environment or to open our minds to philosophical about our own
connection to nature and beyond.

Art history - is the study of objects of art considered within their time period. Art historians analyze visual
arts' meaning (painting, sculpture, architecture) at the time they were created.

Greek and Roman Mythology- Greek mythology body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of
the ancient Greeks.

Art as imitation A Form is an objective "blueprint" of perfection. The Forms are perfect themselves because
they are unchanging.

Egg tempera is a technique that. uses egg yolk as an agent to bind colored pigment to the wooden panel.
People often assume that the bright yellow color of the egg will affect the color of the paint. In fact, egg yolk is
an emulsion that dries crystal clear, with any bits of color disappearing as it's exposed to light.

Mosaic is the decorative art of creating pictures and patterns on a surface by setting small coloured pieces of
glass, marble or other materials in a bed of cement, plaster or adhesive.

Stone Mosaics - Pebble mosaic stone artworks are usually inserted in patios, backyards and gardens. Artists
and artisans usually use pebbles as an affordable and natural art supply to handcraft mandalas, medicine
wheels, division cells, energy waves, spirals, snakes and of course floral designs.

Glass mosaic is a traditional Burmese mosaic made with pieces of glass, used to embellish decorative art,
structures, and furniture.

Paper Mosaic - Mosaics were traditionally made with bits of tile or glass, but a paper mosaic is a great project
for art classes and for parents to do with their kids. The only rule is to have fun.At the same time,it also
increases one's ability to develop his/her sense about beautification and sublimity.

Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments with a medium of drying oil as the binder. Commonly
used drying oils include linseed oil, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, and safflower oil. An artist might use several
different oils in the same painting depending on specific pigments and effects desired.

A canvas board is a support for oil painting made by pasting canvas or paper textured in a cloth pattern on a
plywood board or cardboard.

Elements of art are stylistic features that are included within an art piece to help the artist communicate
with the addition of mark making and materiality. 

Lines are marks moving in a space between two points whereby a viewer can visualize the stroke movement,
direction, and intention based on how the line is oriented.

Shapes are used to give a character a distinct personality and features, with the animator manipulating the
shapes to provide new life.

Form is a three-dimensional object with volume of height, width and depth. These objects include cubes,
spheres and cylinders. Form is often used when referring to physical works of art, like sculptures, as form is
connected most closely with three-dimensional works.

Color is an element consisting of hues, of which there are three properties: hue, chroma or intensity, and
value. Color is present when light strikes an object and it is reflected back into the eye, a reaction to a hue
arising in the optic nerve. 
Space refers to the perspective (distance between and around) and proportion (size) between shapes and
objects and how their relationship with the foreground or background is perceived.

Texture is used to describe the surface quality of the work, referencing the types of lines the artist created.
The surface quality can either be tactile (real) or strictly visual (implied). 

Value refers to the degree of perceivable lightness of tones within an image.

The Art of the Acient world reveals a tremendous amount to modern histories about the culture, values and
beliefs of these early civilizations. At a time when few people could read and write, art was an important
means of communication, and a critical way to record important events.

Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 31st century BC and the 4th
century AD. It includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and
other art media. It is also very conservative the art style changed very little over time.

The art of ancient Greece is usually divided stylistically into four periods: the Geometric, Archaic, Classical,
and Hellenistic. The Geometric age is usually dated from about 1000 BC, although in reality little is known
about art in Greece during the preceding 200 years, traditionally known as the Greek Dark Ages.

Geometric art is a phase of Greek art, characterized largely by geometric motifs in vase painting, that
flourished towards the end of the Greek Dark Ages,  900–700 BC. Its center was in Athens, and from there the
style spread among the trading cities of the Aegean.

Archaic period, in history and archaeology, the earliest phases of a culture; the term is most frequently used
by art historians to denote the period of artistic development in Greece from about 650 to 480 bc, the date of
the Persian sack of Athens. The Calf Bearer, marble statue

Classical Art - Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of
naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the
focus of innovation.

Hellenistic art is the art of the Hellenistic period generally taken to begin with the death of Alexander the
Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest of the Greek world by the Romans, a process well underway by
146 BCE, when the Greek mainland was taken,

  As you’re taking an image you would have done this in your mind through your viewfinder or in your
LCD display that you use to frame your shot.

  With this grid in mind the ‘rule of thirds’ now identifies four important parts of the image that you
should consider placing points of interest as you frame your image.

 Not only this but it also gives you four ’lines’ that are also useful positions for elements in your photo.