Assist Proff. Layla L. Alwan Lecture 1&2: University of Technology

University of Technology
Petroleum Technology Department
Assist Proff. Layla L. Alwan

Lecture 1&2
Lectures of this subject are prepared depending on The

(Dr. Firas K. AL-Zuhairi) lectures
1
Course Outline:
• Introduction to Course Materials.
• The Profession of Engineering.
• Professionalism and Codes of Ethics.
• Understanding Ethical Problems.
• Ethical Problem-Solving Techniques.
• Risk, Safety, and Accidents.
• The Rights and Responsibilities of Engineers.
• Ethics in Research and Experimentation.
• Global Issues.
2
1.Introduction
1.1. What's meant by Ethics?
Ethics : is the study of the characteristics of morals. Ethics also deals
with the moral choices that are made by each person in his or her
relationship with other persons.
➢ As engineers, we are concerned with ethics because these definitions

apply to all of the choices an individual makes in life, including those
made while practicing engineering.
Engineering ethics: Are the rules and standards governing the conduct
of engineers in their role as professionals.
Engineering ethics encompasses the more general definition of ethics,

but applies it more specifically to situations involving engineers in their
professional lives. Thus, engineering ethics is a body of philosophy
indicating the ways that engineers should conduct themselves in their
professional capacity. 3
‫*‬
‫ما معنى األخالق؟ ‪* .‬‬
‫*‬
‫األخالق‪ :‬هي دراسة خصائص التصرفات واالداب‪ .‬تتعامل‬
‫األخالقيات ا مع الخيارات األخالقية التي يتخذها كل شخص في‬
‫عالقته مع أشخاص آخرين‬
‫*‬ ‫كمهندسين ‪ ،‬نحن مهتمون باألخالقيات ألن هذه التعريفات تنطبق‬
‫على جميع االختيارات التي‬
‫*‬ ‫يتخذها الفرد في الحياة ‪ ،‬بما في ذلك تلك التي يتم ممارستها‬
‫‪.‬أثناء ممارسة الهندسة‬
‫*‬ ‫أخالقيات الهندسة‪ :‬هي القواعد والمعايير التي تحكم سلوك‬
‫‪.‬المهندسين في دورهم كمحترفين‬
‫*‬ ‫تشمل أخالقيات الهندسة التعريف األكثر عمومية لألخالقيات ‪،‬‬
‫ولكنها تطبقه بشكل أكثر تحديداً على‬
‫*‬ ‫المواقف التي تنطوي على مهندسين في حياتهم المهنية‪.‬‬
‫وبالتالي ‪ ،‬فإن أخالقيات الهندسة هي‬
‫*‬ ‫مجموعة من الفلسفة تشير إلى الطرق التي يجب أن يتصرف بها‬
‫المهندسون بصفتهم المهنية‬
‫‪4‬‬
1.2.What's meant by Morals?
Morals are the welfare principles enunciated by the wise people, based
on their experience and wisdom. They were edited, changed or modified
or evolved to suit the geography of the region, rulers (dynasty), and in
accordance with the development of knowledge in science and
technology and with time.
Morality is concerned with principles and practices of morals such as:
❖ What ought or ought not to be done in a given situation?
❖ What is right or wrong about the handling of a situation?
❖ What is good or bad about the people, policies, and ideals involved?
‫تهتم األخالق بمبادئ وممارسات األخالق مثل‬:
‫ما الذي يجب أو ال ينبغي القيام به في موقف معين؟‬
‫ما هو الصواب أو الخطأ في التعامل مع الموقف‬
5
‫والسياسات والمثل العليا المعنية؟‬ ‫ما هو جيد أو سيء عن الناس‬
1.4. Why study engineering ethics?
➢ Increased awareness of importance due to publicity surrounding
high profile engineering failures.
➢ Engineering decisions can impact public health, safety, business
practices and politics.
➢ Engineers should be aware of moral implications as they make
decisions in the workplace.
➢ Helps engineers develop a moral autonomy.
Moral autonomy: is the ability to think critically and independently

about moral issues and to apply this moral thinking to situations that
arise in the course of professional engineering practice.
6
‫?‪Why study engineering ethics‬‬
‫زيادة الوعي باألهمية بسبب الدعاية المحيطة بالفشل الهندسي‬
‫‪.‬البارز‬
‫يمكن أن تؤثر القرارات الهندسية على الصحة العامة‬
‫والسالمة‬
‫‪.‬وممارسات األعمال والسياسة‬
‫يجب أن يكون المهندسون مدركين لآلثار المعنوية عند اتخاذ‬
‫‪.‬القرارات في مكان العمل‬
‫‪.‬يساعد المهندسين على تطوير استقاللية أخالقية‬
‫االستقاللية األخالقية‪ :‬هي القدرة على التفكير الناقد والمستقل‬
‫في القضايا األخالقية وتطبيق هذا التفكير األخالقي على‬
‫المواقف‬
‫التي تنشأ في سياق الممارسة الهندسية المهنية‬
‫‪7‬‬
1.6. Engineering is managing the unknown.
Engineering design is about creating new devices and products. When
something is new, many questions need to be answered.
➢ How well does it work?
➢ How will it affect people?
➢ What changes will this lead to in society?
➢ How well will this work under all of the conditions that it will be
exposed to?
➢ Is it safe? If there are some safety concerns, how bad are they?
The answers to these questions are often only partly

known.
8
‫*‬
‫*‬ ‫التصميم الهندسي يدور حول إنشاء أجهزة ومنتجات جديدة‪.‬‬
‫عندما‬
‫يكون هناك شيء جديد ‪ ،‬يجب اإلجابة على العديد من *‬
‫‪.‬األسئلة‬
‫كيف يعمل بشكل جيد؟ *‬
‫كيف سيؤثر ذلك على الناس؟ *‬
‫ما هي التغييرات التي سيؤدي إليها هذا في المجتمع؟ *‬
‫ما مدى جودة هذا العمل في ظل جميع الظروف التي *‬
‫سيتعرض‬
‫لها؟ *‬
‫*‬ ‫هل هو آمن؟ إذا كانت هناك بعض المخاوف المتعلقة بالسالمة‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫فما مدى سوءها؟ *‬
‫‪.‬غالبًا ما تكون إجابات هذه األسئلة معروفة جزئيًا *‬
‫‪9‬‬
How does an engineer accomplish this?
Really, as an engineer you can never be absolutely certain that your
design will never harm anyone or cause detrimental changes to society.
✓ You must test your design as thoroughly as time and resources permit
to ensure that it operates safely and as planned.
✓ You must use your creativity to attempt to foresee the possible
consequences of your work.
10
‫*‬
‫كيف ينجز المهندس هذا؟*‬
‫ح ًقا ‪ ،‬كمهندس ‪ ،‬ال يمكنك أب ًدا أن تكون متأك ًدا *‬
‫تما ًما من أن‬
‫تصميمك لن يضر أب ًدا أي شخص أو يتسبب في *‬
‫تغييرات ضارة في‬
‫‪.‬المجتمع*‬
‫يجب عليك اختبار التصميم الخاص بك تما ًما كما *‬
‫يسمح به الوقت‬
‫‪.‬والموارد لضمان تشغيله بأمان وكما هو مخطط*‬
‫يجب عليك استخدام إبداعك لمحاولة التنبؤ *‬
‫بالنتائج المحتملة‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫لعملك*‬
1.6. Personal Vs. Professional ethics.
➢ Personal ethics deals with how we treat others in our day-to-day

lives.
✓ Many of these principles are applicable to ethical situations that
occur in business and engineering.
➢ Professional ethics often involves choices on an organizational level

rather than a personal level.
✓ Many of the problems will seem different because they involve

relationships between two corporations, between a corporation
and the government, or between corporations and groups of
individuals.
12
Try it your self
❖ You are supervising a product with specifications that only Iraq-made
parts may be used.
❖ Late in the project, you discover a sub-contractor has supplied a part with
foreign-made bolts.
❖ They are not very noticeable and would function identically to Iraq-made
bolts.
❖ Your customer urgently needs the finished product.
What should you do?

13
Should you:
A. Say nothing and deliver the product with the foreign bolts because the
customer won’t notice.
B. Find some roughly equivalent violation of the contract/specs for which
the customer is responsible and tell them you will ignore their violation if
they ignore yours.
C. Tell the customer about the problem, and let them decide what you
should do next.
D. Find loopholes in the original specifications so that your company hasn’t
legally violated the specs.
14
➢ C (tell the customer) is the correct answer because it lets the
customer decide what is in their best interest given new
information.
➢ This may be tough because your job may be on the line and your
company’s reputation may be at stake.
Avoid deceptive acts
15
References
1- Charles B. Fleddermann, “Engineering Ethics”, Fourth
Edition,2012, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as
Prentice Hall, 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ
07458,USA.
2- Charles B. Fleddermann, “Engineering Ethics”,Thired Edition,

2008 , Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice
Hall, 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458,USA.
3-Charles E. Harris, Michael S. Pritchard, Michael J. Rabins,

“Engineering Ethics, Concepts and Cases”, Fourth
Edition, 2009,Wadsworth, USA.
4-Naagarazan R.S., “A Textbook on Professional Ethics and Human

Values”,2006, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers,
New Delhi, India.
16

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University of Technology

Petroleum Technology Department

Assist Proff. Layla L. Alwan

Lectures of this subject are prepared depending on The

• Introduction to Course Materials.

• The Profession of Engineering.

• Professionalism and Codes of Ethics.

• Understanding Ethical Problems.

• Ethical Problem-Solving Techniques.

• Risk, Safety, and Accidents.

• The Rights and Responsibilities of Engineers.

• Ethics in Research and Experimentation.

➢ As engineers, we are concerned with ethics because these definitions

Engineering ethics encompasses the more general definition of ethics,

❖ What ought or ought not to be done in a given situation?

❖ What is right or wrong about the handling of a situation?

Moral autonomy: is the ability to think critically and independently

something is new, many questions need to be answered.

➢ How well does it work?

➢ How will it affect people?

➢ What changes will this lead to in society?

The answers to these questions are often only partly

Really, as an engineer you can never be absolutely certain that your

design will never harm anyone or cause detrimental changes to society.

to ensure that it operates safely and as planned.

✓ You must use your creativity to attempt to foresee the possible

consequences of your work.

➢ Personal ethics deals with how we treat others in our day-to-day

➢ Professional ethics often involves choices on an organizational level

✓ Many of the problems will seem different because they involve

parts may be used.

❖ Your customer urgently needs the finished product.

What should you do?

customer won’t notice.

B. Find some roughly equivalent violation of the contract/specs for which

they ignore yours.

D. Find loopholes in the original specifications so that your company hasn’t

legally violated the specs.

Avoid deceptive acts

2- Charles B. Fleddermann, “Engineering Ethics”,Thired Edition,

3-Charles E. Harris, Michael S. Pritchard, Michael J. Rabins,

4-Naagarazan R.S., “A Textbook on Professional Ethics and Human

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