Ststistc Properties
Ststistc Properties
Arithmetic mean represents a number that is obtained by dividing the sum of the elements of a set by the
number of values in the set. So you can use the layman term Average, or be a little bit fancier and use the
word “Arithmetic mean” your call, take your pick -they both mean the same. The arithmetic mean may be
either
If any data set consisting of the values b1, b2, b3, …., bn then the arithmetic mean B is defined as:
The sum of deviations of the items from their arithmetic mean is always zero, i.e. ∑(x – X) = 0.
The sum of the squared deviations of the items from Arithmetic Mean (A.M) is minimum, which
is less than the sum of the squared deviations of the items from any other values.
If each item in the arithmetic series is substituted by the mean, then the sum of these replacements
will be equal to the sum of the specific items.
The arithmetic mean or mean is the simplest way to calculate the average for the given set of numbers. It
is classified into two different types, namely simple arithmetic mean and weighted arithmetic mean.
The arithmetic mean is defined as the ratio of the sum of all the given observations to the total number of
observations. For example, if the data set consists of 5 observations, the arithmetic mean can be
calculated by adding all the 5 given observations divided by 5.
Add the two given numbers and then divide the sum by 2. For example, 2 and 6 are the two numbers, the
arithmetic mean is calculated as follows:
To calculate the central tendency for the given data set, we use different measures like mean, median,
mode and so on. Among all these measures, the arithmetic mean or mean is considered to be the best
measure, because it includes all the values of the data set. If any value changes in the data set, this will
affect the mean value, but it will not be in the case of median or mode.
Yes, the arithmetic mean can be negative. The data can be distributed anywhere. So, the mean value can
be negative or positive or zero.
In Mathematics, the Geometric Mean (GM) is the average value or mean which signifies the central
tendency of the set of numbers by finding the product of their values. Basically, we multiply the numbers
altogether and take out the nth root of the multiplied numbers, where n is the total number of values. For
example: for a given set of two numbers such as 3 and 1, the geometric mean is equal to √(3+1) = √4 = 2.
The Geometric Mean (G.M) of a series containing n observations is the nth root of the product of the
values.
The G.M for the given data set is always less than the arithmetic mean for the data set
If each object in the data set is substituted by the G.M, then the product of the objects remains
unchanged.
The ratio of the corresponding observations of the G.M in two series is equal to the ratio of their
geometric means
The products of the corresponding items of the G.M in two series are equal to the product of their
geometric mean.
The Harmonic Mean (HM) is defined as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the given data values. It
is based on all the observations, and it is rigidly defined. Harmonic mean gives less weightage to the large
values and large weightage to the small values to balance the values correctly. In general, the harmonic
mean is used when there is a necessity to give greater weight to the smaller items. It is applied in the case
of times and average rates.
Harmonic Mean Formula
Since the harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean, the formula to define the harmonic
mean “HM” is given as follows:
It is rigidly confined.
It is based on all the views of a series, i.e. it cannot be computed by ignoring any item of a series.
It is able to advance the algebraic method.
It provides a more reliable result when the results to be achieved are the same for the various
means adopted.
It provides the highest weight to the smallest item of a series.
It can also be measured when a series holds any negative value.
It produces a skewed distribution of a normal one.
It produces a curve straighter than that of the A.M and G.M.
The three means such as arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic means are known as Pythagorean
means. The formulas for three different types of means are:
MEDIAN
The median is the middle number in a sorted, ascending or descending, list of numbers and can be more
descriptive of that data set than the average. The median is sometimes used as opposed to the mean when
there are outliers in the sequence that might skew the average of the values.
Median Properties
In statistics, the properties of the median are explained in the following points.
MODE
In statistics, the mode is the value which is repeatedly occurring in a given set. We can also say that the
value or number in a data set, which has a high frequency or appears more frequently is called mode or
modal value.
Definition
A mode is defined as the value that has a higher frequency in a given set of values. It is the value that
appears the most number of times. Example: In the given set of data: 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, the mode of the data
set is 5 since it has appeared in the set twice.
Statistics deals with the presentation, collection and analysis of data and information for a particular
purpose. To represent this data, we use tables, graphs, pie-charts, bar graphs, pictorial representation and
so on. After the proper organization of the data, it must be further analyzed to infer some useful
information from it.
Properties of Mode:
3. The mode can be used when the data are nominal or categorical, such as religious preference, gender,
or political affiliation.
4. The mode is not always unique. A data set can have more than one mode, or the mode may not exist for
a data set.