PDF Mitosis and Meiosis Lecture Presentations by Cindy Malone California Stat DL
PDF Mitosis and Meiosis Lecture Presentations by Cindy Malone California Stat DL
Meiosis
Lecture Presentations by
Cindy Malone
California State University, Northridge
Chapter 2 Contents
Animal cells
– Surrounded by cell coat (glycocalyx
(glycocalyx))
Made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides
Differs in chemical composition from plants and
bacteria
Provides biochemical identity at cell surface
– Cell-surface markers include: AB, Rh, MN antigens,
receptor molecules—
molecules—recognition sites.
sites.
Section 2.1
Eukaryotic organisms
– Membrane-bound nucleus contains DNA complexed
with proteins into thin fibers (chromatin).
Contains nucleolus
– rRNA synthesized and initially assembled
– NOR: nucleolus organizer region; portions of DNA that
encode rRNA
Prokaryotic organisms
– Cells lack nuclear envelope and membranous
organelles.
Genetic material
– Long, circular DNA molecule compacted into
nucleoid area (Figure 2-2)
– DNA not as extensively associated with proteins—
does not undergo compaction like eukaryotic cells
– Prokaryotic cells lack distinct nucleolus but do
contain genes for rRNA synthesis.
Figure 2-2
Section 2.1
Haploid number (n)
– Half of diploid number: constitutes genome of
species (Table 2.1)
Homologous chromosomes (one of each)
– One chromosome of paternal origin (via the sperm)
and the other of maternal origin (via the egg)
Karyotype
– Figure 2-4: human mitotic chromosomes
Table 2-1
Figure 2-4
Section 2.2