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Significant Changes
to the Minimum Design
Load Provisions
of ASCE 7-16

Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

 Other Titles of Interest
ASCE 7 Hazard Tool. (ASCE, 2017). Delivers a quick, efficient way to look up key design
parameters specified by Standard ASCE/SEI 7-10 and 7-16 through a web-based
application that retrieves load data for each of seven hazards, visualizes them on a map, and
generates a unified report of results. (https://asce7hazardtool.online/)

ASCE 7 Online. (ASCE, 2017). Provides digital access by subscription to both ASCE 7-10 and
7-16 versions of Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other
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Structures. Exclusive features include: side-by-side view of Provisions and Commentary;

redlining; real-time updates; annotation and sharing tools; robust searching; and toggling
between customary and metric units. (http://asce7.online)

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/
SEI 7-16. (ASCE Standard, 2017). Provides requirements for general structural design
and includes means for determining dead, live, soil, flood, wind, snow, rain, atmospheric
ice, and earthquake loads and their combinations that are suitable for inclusion in building
codes and other documents. A detailed commentary of explanatory and supplementary
information is included. (ISBN 978-0-7844-1424-8)

Snow Loads: Guide to the Snow Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16, by Michael O’Rourke, Ph.D.,
P.E. (ASCE Press, 2017). Sets forth a detailed and authoritative interpretation of the snow
load provisions of Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other
Structures, Standard ASCE/SEI 7-16. (ISBN 978-0-7844-1456-9)

Visit http://www.asce.org/asce-7/ for a complete list of products associated with the ASCE 7
Standard.

***

Significant Changes to the Seismic Load Provisions of ASCE 7-10: An Illustrated Guide, by S.
K. Ghosh, Susan Dowty, and Prabuddha Dasgupta. (ASCE Press, 2011). Describes the
revisions to the seismic requirements set forth in Standard ASCE/SEI 7-10. (ISBN 978-0-
7844-1117-9)

Significant Changes to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-10: An Illustrated Guide, by T. Eric
Stafford. (ASCE Press, 2010). Summarizes changes to the wind load requirements set forth
in Standard ASCE/SEI 7-10. (ISBN 978-0-7844-1116-2)

Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

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Significant Changes
to the Minimum Design
Load Provisions
of ASCE 7-16

Gary Y. K. Chock, P.E., D.CE

S. K. Ghosh, Ph.D.
Michael O’Rourke, Ph.D., P.E.
T. Eric Stafford, P.E.

Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: American Society of Civil Engineers, author. | Chock, Gary, author.

Title: Significant changes to the minimum design load provisions of ASCE 7-16
/ Gary Y.K. Chock, P.E., D.CE, S.K. Ghosh, Ph.D., Michael O’Rourke, Ph.D.,
P.E., T. Eric Stafford, P.E.
Description: Reston, Virginia : ASCE Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017047830| ISBN 9780784414576 (soft cover : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9780784480229 (PDF)
Subjects: LCSH: Structural engineering--Standards--United States. |
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Buildings--Standards--United States. | Strains and stresses. | Loads

(Mechanics)
Classification: LCC TH851 .A44 2018 | DDC 624.1/72021873--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017047830

Published by American Society of Civil Engineers

1801 Alexander Bell Drive
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www.asce.org/bookstore | ascelibrary.org

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24 23 22 21 20  19  18  17    1  2  3  4  5

Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

 Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents
Part I - General Requirements and Load Combinations
Scope
1.1, C1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Performance-Based Procedures
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1.2, 1.3.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fire Resistance
1.3.7, Appendix E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Part II - Dead and Live Loads

Weight of Fixed Service Equipment
3.1.1, 3.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Vegetative and Landscaped Roofs
3.1.4, Table 4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Solar Panels (DL and LL)
3.1.5, 4.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Definitions
4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Minimum Uniformly Distributed Live Loads, Lo,
and Minimum Concentrated Live Loads
Table 4.3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Heavy Live Loads, Passenger Vehicle Garages
4.7.3, 4.7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Part III - Snow, Rain and Ice Loads

Intersecting Drifts at Low Roofs
7.1, 7.7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Ground Snow Loads for Decks, Balconies,
and Other Near-Ground Level Surfaces or Roofs of Subterranean Spaces
7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Table of Contents V
Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16
 Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

Ground Snow Loads

Table of Contents

Figure 7.2-1, Tables 7.2-2 through 7.2-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 7.6-1
Figure 7.6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Canopy Drift
Figure 7.6-1, 7.7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Snow Importance Factor for Drift Loading
Figure 7.6-1, 7.7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
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Roof Projections and Parapets

7.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Roof Drainage
8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Design Rain Loads
8.3, C8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Ponding Instability and Ponding Load
8.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Controlled Drainage
8.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Ice Thickness Maps
10.1.1, 10.4.2, 10.4.6, Figures 10.4-2 through 10.4-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Part IV – Earthquake Loads

Quality Assurance Provisions
Appendix 11A, 11.1.1, 11.1.5, C11.1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Definition of terms related to of Shear Walls and Diaphragms
11.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Steel Storage Racks
11.2, 15.5.3.5, 15.5.3.8, C15.5.3, 23.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Near Fault Sites
11.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Site Coefficients Fa and Fv
11.4.3, 11.4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures
11.4.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

VI Table of Contents
Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16
 Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

Seismic Design Category

Table of Contents
11.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Geotechnical Investigation Report Requirements for SDC D through F
11.8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Vertical Ground Motion Spectrum for Seismic Design
11.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Load Combinations with Seismic Load Effects
2.3.1, 2.3.6, 2.4.1, 2.4.5, 12.4.2.3, 12.4.3.2,
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12.4.3.3, 12.14.3.1.3, 12.14.3.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Foundation Design
12.1.5, 12.13.5, 12.13.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Alternative Structural Systems
12.2.1, 12.2.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Elements of Seismic Force-Resisting Systems
12.2.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Flexible Diaphragm Condition
12.3.1.3, 11.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Redundancy Factor
12.3.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Vertical Seismic Load Effect, Ev
12.4.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Capacity-Limited Horizontal Seismic Load Effect
12.4.3.1, 12.4.3.2, 12.14.3.2.1, 12.14.3.2.2, 11.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Structures with Nonparallel System Irregularities
in Seismic Design Category C
12.5.3, 12.5.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Linear Dynamic Analysis
Table 12.6-1, 12.9, 12.9.1, 12.9.2, 12.13.3, 15.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Structural Modeling
12.7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Maximum SDS Value in Determination of Cs and Ev
12.8.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Accidental Torsion in Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
12.8.4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Number of Modes for Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
12.9.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Table of Contents VII

Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16
 Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

Structural Modeling for Modal Response Spectrum Analysis

Table of Contents

12.9.1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Scaling for Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
12.9.1.4, 12.9.1.4.1, 12.9.1.4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Alternative Design Provisions for Diaphragms Including Chords and Collectors
12.10, 12.10.3, 11.2, 11.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Diaphragm Design Forces with Transfer Forces
12.10.1.1, 11.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
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Collector Elements
12.10.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Structural Wall Out-of-Place Forces and Anchorage Forces
12.11.1, 12.11.2, 12.11.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Transfer of Anchorage Forces into Diaphragm
12.11.2.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Anchorage of Wood Diaphragms to Concrete or Masonry Structural Walls
12.11.2.2.3, 12.14.7.5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Foundations on Liquefiable Soils
12.13.2, 12.13.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Pile Anchorage Requirements
12.13.8.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Simplified Design Procedure Limitions
12.14.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Mechanical and Electrical Components
13.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Exemptions from Chapter 13 Requirements
13.1.4, Table 13.2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Pre-Manufactured Modular Mechanical and Electrical Systems
13.1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Seismic Design Force on Nonstructural Components
13.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Dynamic Analysis
13.3.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Anchors in Masonry
13.4.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Seismic Coefficients for Nonstructural Components
Table 13.5-1, Table 13.6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

VIII Table of Contents

Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16
 Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

Exterior Nonstructural Wall Elements and Connections

Table of Contents
13.5.3.1 – 13.5.3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Exterior Nonstructural Connections
13.5.3.4, Table 13.5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Glass in Glazed Curtain Walls and Storefronts
13.5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Acoustical Tile and Lay-in Panel Ceilings
in Seismic Design Categories D though F
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13.5.6.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Egress Stairs and Ramps
13.5.10, Table 13.5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Seismic Coefficients for Mechanical and Electrical Components
Table 13.6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
HVACR Equipment
13.6.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Distribution Systems
13.6.5, 13.6.6, 13.6.7, 13.6.8, 11.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Arrays
13.6.13, 13.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Linear Dynamic Analysis
15.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Nonbuilding Structures and Vertical Ground Motions
15.1.4, 15.7.2, 15.7.7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Structural Design Requirements
15.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Drift Requirements
15.4.5, 15.4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
ASTM F1554 Anchors
15.4.9.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Nonbuilding Structure on Liquefiable Sites
15.4.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Storage Racks
15.5.3, Table 15.4-1, 11.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Structural Towers for Tanks and Vessels
15.5.5.1, 15.7.3, 15.7.10.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Table of Contents IX
Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16
 Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

Amusement structures and telecommunications towers

Table of Contents

15.6.3 and 15.6.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Wind Turbine Structures
15.6.7, Table 15.4-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Ground-Supported Cantilever Walls or Fences
15.6.8, Table 15.4-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Ground-Supported Storage Tanks for Liquids - Sliding Resistance
15.7.6.1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
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Ground-Supported Storage Tanks for Liquids

15.7.6.1, 15.7.6.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Welded and Bolted Steel for Water Storage
and Water Treatment Tanks and Vessels
15.7.7.1, 15.7.7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Flat-Bottom Ground-Supported Tanks and Vessels
15.7.8.1, 15.7.13.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Concrete Pedestal Tanks
15.7.10.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Nonlinear Response History Analysis General Requirements
Chapter 16, 11.2, 12.12.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Seismic Design Requirements for Seismically Isolated Structures
Chapter 17, 11.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Seismic Design Requirements for Structures with Damping Systems
Chapter 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Soil-Structure Interaction for Seismic Design
19.1, 19.2, 19.3 and 19.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design
20.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Design Response Spectrum
21.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Design Acceleration Parameters
21.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Seismic Ground Motion and Risk Coefficient Maps
Chapter 22 Figs. 22-1, 22-2, 22-9, 22-18, 22-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Seismic Ground Motion, Long-Period Transition
and Risk Coefficient Maps
Chapter 22 Figs. 22-1 – 22-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

X Table of Contents
Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16
 Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

Part V – Wind Loads

Table of Contents
Enclosure Classification
26.2, 26.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Basic Wind Speed
26.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Ground Elevation Above Sea Level
26.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
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Edge Zones (a) Widths

Figure 28.3-1, Figure 30.3-1, Figure 30.3-2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Rooftop Equipment
29.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Design Wind Loads: Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks
29.4.2, 30.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Wind Loads on Rooftop Solar Panels
29.4.3, 29.4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Design Wind Pressures Component Cladding Loads
on Roofs with h ≤ 60 ft
30.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Attached Canopies on Buildings with h ≤ 60 ft (18.3 m)
26.2, 30.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Tornado Limitation
C26.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Part VI – Tsunami Loads and Effects

Tsunami Loads and Effects
Chapter 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Table of Contents XI
Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16
 Preface
Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16 is intended to familiarize
structural engineers, architects, code officials, and others in the building construction and design
industry to the changes to the design load requirements of the newest edition of Minimum Design
Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI Standard 7-16. This
reference book is organized into six parts that generally follow the organization of ASCE 7-16. While
not all changes to ASCE 7-16 are shown in this reference, the ones that would be of most interest
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or those that would have the significant impact on the industry is discussed in detail. Most of the
changes addressed include the reason for the change in addition to diagrams, examples, and/or color
photographs and illustrations to enrich the reader’s understanding. This reference is best used as
a companion to ASCE 7-16 and not a replacement as only a small portion of the complete text of
ASCE 7-16 is shown. The commentary and opinions provided are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the official position of ASCE.

Acknowledgement
The authors wish to acknowledge the following individuals, including the anonymous reviewers, for
their input and review during the development of this publication:

Tim Reinhold, Insurance Institute for Building and Home Safety

S. K. Ghosh would like to express his heartfelt gratitude to Prabuddha Dasgupta of S. K. Ghosh
Associates (SKGA), without whose tremendous help, the seismic portions of this publication could
not have been completed in a timely fashion. He would also like to thank Jason Ericksen, formerly of
SKGA and currently of ATMI Precast, Aurora, Il, for significant contributions to the seismic chapters.

The authors wish to extend a thank you to Betsy Kulamer with ASCE Press for her support, guidance,
and input from the beginning of the project to its end.

Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16