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Garciano, Arly P. - Module 3 - Biochemistry
Garciano, Arly P. - Module 3 - Biochemistry
Consist of
three
carbon
chains.
Hydrogen
and Unsaturated Fats
Saturated Fats oxygen
- have one or more carbon-carbon double
- are the simplest fatty acids that are bonded to
bonds. The term unsaturated indicates that
unbranched, linear chains of CH2 groups themfewer
in than the maximum possible number
linked by carbon –carbon single bondschains.
of hydrogen atoms are bonded to each
with terminal carboxylic acid group. Madecarbon
of in the molecule.
carboxylic
acid.
Both fats
are
insoluble
cis-13-docosenoic
Erucic acid 22 rapeseed oil
acid
cis-15-tetracosenoic
Nervonic acid 24 sharks, brain tissue
acid
Common Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
No. of
Carbon
Trivial Name Systematic Name Typical Sources
in
Chain
corn oil, animal tissues,
Linoleic acid cis-9-, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid 18
bacteria
cis-9-, cis-12-, cis-15-
18 animal tissues
octadecatrienoic acid
5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid 20
Linolenic acid 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 20 brain tissue
7,10,13-docosatrienoic acid 22 phospholipids
8,11,14-docosatrienoic acid 22
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20 liver, brain tissue
Arachidonic 4,7,10,13-docosatetraenoic acid 22 brain tissue
acid
4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic
22 brain tissue
acid
Lesson 2: Fatty Acids and Derivatives
Structures of Monoglyceride, Diglyceride, and Triglyceride
Why it is important for some plants, animals and insects to have waxes on their surfaces
and or skin?
Waxes on some plants, animals, and insects protect them from wet and unwanted contact from
different surfaces. The presence of wax allows them to be water resistant not allowing the water
to penetrate to their bodies which could affect their homeostasis.
CHOLESTEROL
A. B.
- serves as structure of cell membranes
- can damage arteries
- produce hormones like estrogen,
testosterone and adrenal hormones - can cause heart disease
- help in the making and processing of - can trigger stroke
vitamin D - can cause peripheral vascular disease
- helps make digective fluids - can trigger high blood pressure and cardiac
- help regulate body temperature disease
What do you think is the important role/s of cholesterol in our body?
Cholesterol is a sterol synthesized by animal cells and is also a component of the diet, being
present in food of animal origin. Its main function is to maintain the integrity and fluidity of cell
membranes and to serve as a precursor for the synthesis of substances that are vital for the
organism including steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D.
Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol through a cascade of cytochrome P450
enzymes that oxidize, hydroxylate, and rearrange the cholesterol backbone into specific steroids
with unique biological activities. They are crucial in maintaining the normal morphology and
growth of MSCs. The steroid hormones consume a very small fraction of the total cholesterol
available in the organism, but they are very important physiologically. (See below Biological
functions of lipids.) There are five principal classes, all derived from cholesterol: progestins
(active during pregnancy), the glucocorticoids (promoting the synthesis of glucose and
suppressing inflammatory reactions), the mineralocorticoids (regulating ion balances), estrogens
(promoting female sex characteristics), and androgens (promoting male sex characteristics). With
the exception of progesterone, all of these closely related biologically active molecules have in
common a shortened side chain in ring D and, in some cases, an oxidized OH group on ring A.
The individual molecules are synthesized on demand by the placenta in pregnant women, by the
adrenal cortex, and by the gonads.
Glucocorticoids Kidneys
Uterus, hypothalamus,
pituitary, bone,
Estrogens
mammary tissue, and
liver
Progesterone Uterus
Androgens Heart