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    Fundamentals of Nursing

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    43 views3 pages

    Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition: Chapter 45: Nutrition

    Uploaded by

    Stacey
    Fundamentals of Nursing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition

    Chapter 45: Nutrition

    Answer Key - Review Questions and Rationales

    1. Answer: 2, 3, 4.
    Patients who are malnourished on admission are at greater risk of life-threatening complications
    such as arrhythmia, pleural effusions, sepsis, or hemorrhage during hospitalization.

    2. Answer: 4.
    Nitrogen balance is important to determining serum protein status. A negative nitrogen balance is
    present when catabolic states exist. When a patient has a decreased protein level, he or she is at
    risk for delayed wound healing.

    3. Answer: 4.
    Stop feeding and place patient on NPO. If choking persists, suction airway. Notify health care
    provider.

    4. Answer: 1.
    Turn the patient on his or her left side to prevent air from entering the left side of the heart. Then
    have the patient perform a Valsalva maneuver (holding the breath and “bearing down”).

    5. Answer: 4.
    When meeting 75% of nutritional needs by enteral feedings or reliable dietary intake, it is usually
    safe to discontinue PN therapy.

    6. Answer: 1, 3, 4.
    Sometimes adding intravenous fat emulsions to parenteral nutrition supports the patient’s need
    for supplemental kilocalories, prevents essential fatty acid deficiencies, and helps control
    hyperglycemia during periods of stress. Parenteral nutrition is administered at 50% of the
    patient’s daily needs for the first 24 hours to assess how he or she is tolerating the infusion.

    7. Answer: 7, 1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6.

    Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.


    Answer Key - Review Questions and Rationales 2

    8. Answer: 4.
    Do not administer feeding when a single gastric residual volume exceeds 500 mL or when two
    consecutive measurements (taken 1 hour apart) each exceed 250 mL because of the potential for
    aspiration.

    9. Answer: 2, 3.
    The skills of measuring blood glucose level after skin puncture (capillary puncture) and writing
    down the amount the patient ate can be delegated to NAP. The nurse needs to administer enteral
    feeding because of the risk of aspiration. The nasogastric tube should never be repositioned by
    the NAP for risk of causing injury to the patient.

    10. Answer: 3.
    Check the medical record to see if there is a medication order for deviations in glucose level; if
    not, notify the health care provider. As the nurse you want to get the patient’s blood sugar as
    close to normal as possible.

    11. Answer: 4.
    Infants should not have regular cow’s milk during the first year of life. It is too concentrated for
    the infant’s kidneys to manage. There is also an increased risk for developing milk-product
    allergies.

    12. Answer: 1, 3, 4.
    Cheese, eggs, and peanut butter are also useful high-protein alternatives. Vitamin D supplements
    are important for improving strength and balance, strengthening bone health, and preventing
    bone fractures and falls. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice can interfere with warfarin (Coumadin)
    (anticoagulant), preventing its breakdown. This would lead to an increased risk of bleeding.

    13. Answer: 2.
    A patient receiving continuous enteral feedings should never be placed supine because it
    increases the risk for pulmonary aspiration. If the nurse needs to lay the patient in the supine
    position, the feedings should be stopped and restarted when the head of the bed is at 45 degrees.

    14. Answer: 2.
    Use either alcohol or an alcoholic solution of chlorhexidine gluconate to clean the injection port

    Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved


    Answer Key - Review Questions and Rationales 3

    or catheter hub 15 seconds before and after each time it is used to reduce the risk of a central line
    infection.

    15. Answer: 2, 4.
    Patients suffering from celiac disease or Crohn’s disease need to take vitamin and iron
    supplements regularly because they have a deficit resulting from malabsorption.

    Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved

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