Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.

Sci (2020) 9(11): 2437-2442

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020)
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.293

Effect of Some Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Quality of

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck)

Vandana Mandingbam1, Chadan Kumar Mandal2* and Sayan Jana2

1
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 51/2,
Hazra Road, Kolkata, India
2
Ramkrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith, Soth 24 Parganas, India

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to assess exogenous application of phytohormones on

Keywords growth, yield and quality of broccoli in the lower gangetic plains of West Bengal. There
was ten treatment combinations i.e. control , three levels of GA3 (30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90
Broccoli, Ethrel, ppm), three levels of NAA (40 ppm, 80 ppm and 120 ppm) and three levels of Ethrel (50
GA3, NAA, Lower
ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm) applied as aqueous spray twice at 28 and 45 days after
gangetic plain
transplanting. Data was taken on nine growth and yield related parameters (i.e. plant height
(cm), plant spread (cm), stem diameter (cm), number of leaves, leaf length (cm), leaf area
Article Info
(sqcm), head diameter (cm), fresh head weight (g), total yield (Q/ha) and three
Accepted: biochemical traits (i.e. total sugar content, vitamin C and vitamin A). Maximum value for
17 October 2020 the characters plant height (66.55 cm), plant spread (85.73cm), head diameter (22.77 cm),
Available Online: fresh head weight (480.43g), total sugar content (5.8g/100g) and total yield (237.25 q/ha)
10 November 2020 was recorded by the treatment 120 ppm NAA followed by GA3 60 ppm which comes out
as the next equally better treatment for yield and quality improvement in broccoli.

Introduction use and immense nutritional value. It provides

considerable amounts of nutrients such as
Morphologically, Broccoli (Brassica vitamins A (567IU), C (81.2mg) and E,
oleraceae L. var. italica) resembles its close magnesium, selenium which are essential for
relative cauliflower and belongs to the same human health (Munger, 1999). Sprouting
family Brassicaceae. It possesses profuse broccoli has about 130 times more vitamin A
fleshy green flower heads surrounded by than cauliflower and 22 times more than
leaves that brings together in a tree-like cabbage (Singh, 2007). It is the richest source
fashion on branches emerging from a thick, of sulforaphane (SFN) compound to the range
edible stalk. It is a cool season vegetable crop of 214μg (stem) to 499 μg (inflorescence) per
which is highly nutritious among cole gram dry weight (Olga et al., 2009), which
vegetables. Nowadays, it draws the attention has therapeutic potential for patients with
of Indian modern agriculture due to its diverse high-risk prostate cancer (Kalia, 1995) as well

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as other cancers. An enormous research works leaves, leaf length (cm), leaf area (sqcm),
have been reported on the uses of plant head diameter (cm), fresh head weight (g) and
growth regulators in vegetable crops in recent total yield (q/ha)) and three biochemical traits
years. However this kind of work is very (i.e. total sugar content (%), Vitamin C
scanty for non traditional vegetable crops like (mg/100g), Vitamin A (IU)). Statistical
Broccoli. Various commercially exploited analysis was done using standard formula
plant growth regulators like gibberellins through Microsoft excel.
(GA3), auxin (NAA), cytokinin and ethrel
have been found modifying the morphology Results and Discussion
and physiological processes that in the end
affect the yield and quality of the crop. Analysis of Variance was worked out for all
the twelve characters under study, which has
In several cole crops, beneficial effect has been given in Table 1. It shows that the
been reported by earlier workers through treatments are significantly different for all
application of GA3 and kinetin (Chhonkar and the traits, which means treatments have
Singh, 1963; Badawi and Sahhar, 1978), remarkable effect on growth, yield and quality
although these effects are very much location parameters of broccoli.
specific. Hence, the present investigation was
conducted to find out the best suitable plant Plant characters: 120 ppm of NAA recorded
growth regulator along with it’s dose for maximum plant height (66.55 cm) and plant
improvement in quality and yield in broccoli spread (85.73 cm) followed by GA3 90 ppm
in the lower gangetic plains of West Bengal. (65.33 cm and 85.27 cm respectively).
Minimum plant height was recorded with the
Materials and Methods treatment 150 ppm ethrel (61.33 cm), but in
case of plant spread it was found in
The experiment was conducted during winter application of 40 ppm NAA (81.32 cm) that
season of November, 2016 to February, 2017 was statistically closer to control.
at the Instructional Farm of Ramkrishna
Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith, The reduced plant height due to ethrel
South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. This application might be its inhibitory action on
consisted of ten treatment combinations i.e. auxin transport. Ethylene is an inhibitor of
control, three levels of GA3 (30 ppm, 60 ppm, cell division, cell expansion and transport of
and 90 ppm), three levels of NAA (40 ppm, auxin, which presents expressive effects on
80 ppm and 120 ppm), and three levels of the reduction of stem growth in length;
ethrel (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm). however it provides its radial expansion and
horizontal orientation (Coll et al., 2001).
Treatments were applied twice as foliar spray
of synthetic plant hormones upon growing Maximum stem diameter was recorded with
broccoli plants at 28 and 45 days after 60 ppm GA3 (3.54 cm) followed by GA3 90
transplanting in 4m X 5m sized plots, ppm (3.42 cm) and NAA 120 ppm (3.40 cm).
designed in RBD with three replications. Data Lowest value of stem diameter was recorded
was recorded from five randomly selected with control (2.86 cm) followed by ethrel 150
plants from each plots at 60 days after ppm (2.88 cm). In cabbage, Chaurasiy et al.,
transplanting on nine growth and yield related (2014) [2] recorded highest stem diameter
parameters (i.e. plant height (cm), plant (3.05cm) with GA3 60 ppm followed by NAA
spread (cm), stem diameter (cm), number of 80 ppm (2.73cm) (Fig. 1 and 2; Table 2).

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Table.1 Analysis of Variance on growth, yield and quality traits of Broccoli

df Plant Plant Stem Leaf Leaf No. of Head Fresh Total yield Total Vitamin C Vitamin A
height spread diameter length area leaves diameter head (Q/ha) sugar (mg/100g) (I.U/100g)
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (sqcm) per plant (cm) weight content
(g) (g/100g)
Replication 2 6.64 33.01 49.42 3.21 0.17 0.42 8.61 0.03 181.07 0.36 13.11 133.31
Treatment 9 76.99* 577.98* 1838.86* 37.39** 2.18* 37.81* 152.73* 0.28* 42729.23* 0.14* 321.65* 716.11 *
Error 18 4.99 32.69 100.65 1.64 0.13 1.24 6.46 0.02 181.07 0.22 4.91 71.89
*Significance at 0.05 **Significance at 0.01

Table.2 Effect of plant growth hormones on growth, yield and quality traits of Broccoli

Treatments Plant Plant Stem Leaf Leaf No. of Head Fresh Total Total Vitamin C Vitamin A
height spread diamete length area leaves diamete head yield sugar (mg/100g) (I.U/100g)
(cm) (cm) r (cm) (cm) (sqcm) per r (cm) weight (Q/ha) content
plant (g) (g/100g)
T1 Control 62.78 81.21 2.86 16.02 67.91 20.97 16.37 248.33 122.63 5.23 74.27 277.48
T2 GA3@30 ppm 64.67 83.30 3.28 18.40 77.20 23.20 19.33 338.46 168.14 4.68 74.40 279.60
T3 GA3@60 ppm 64.33 84.22 3.54 17.43 75.13 24.30 22.04 443.33 217.93 5.31 75.70 297.90
T4 GA3@90 ppm 65.33 85.27 3.42 17.51 72.36 23.33 20.51 414.13 201.44 5.06 74.24 293.40
T5 NAA @40 ppm 63.11 81.32 3.19 17.96 74.69 22.07 20.42 400.66 198.53 4.92 73.57 293.17
T6 NAA @80 ppm 63.77 82.77 3.31 17.83 79.53 21.53 19.39 393.75 192.44 4.65 73.87 293.16
T7 NAA @120 ppm 66.55 85.73 3.40 18.12 77.89 22.97 22.77 480.43 237.25 5.80 75.27 291.30
T8 Ethrel @50 ppm 63.11 81.53 3.16 17.78 73.87 21.30 19.33 334.09 167.98 4.97 72.77 285.93
T9 Ethrel @100 ppm 61.34 82.33 3.12 18.09 74.33 22.40 18.63 327.78 160.87 5.13 71.47 294.88
T10 Ethrel @150 61.33 82.52 2.88 17.54 72.25 22.77 17.85 323.08 159.54 5.44 68.53 289.25
ppm
SE.m (±) 1.29 1.31 0.21 0.64 1.79 0.97 0.47 9.12 15.89 0.34 1.62 4.9
CD (0.05) 3.43 3.81 0.51 1.91 3.21 2.19 1.36 26.21 31.67 0.81 3.8 14.54

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Fig.1 Effect of treatment on head diameter (cm), fresh head weight (g) & total yield (g)

Fig.2 Effect of treatment on plant height (cm), plant spread (cm) and leaf area (sqcm)

Leaf characters: In this investigation, 28.56 cm) with maximum value at GA3 90
highest leaf length was recorded with GA3 30 ppm concentration (L- 36.14 cm; W- 30.46
ppm (18.40 cm) followed by NAA 120 ppm cm).
(18.12 cm) and ethrel 100 ppm (18.09 cm).
Whereas highest leaf area was recorded with Maximum number of leaves per plant was
NAA 80 ppm (79.53 sqcm) followed NAA recorded with foliar application of 60 ppm of
120 ppm (77.89 sqcm) and GA3 30 ppm GA3 (24.30), which is statistically at par GA3
(77.20 sqcm). Leaf area is an important 90 ppm (23.33), 30 ppm (23.2) & NAA 120
character having direct effect on yield. Here, ppm (22.97). Among nine treatments,
each phytohormone treatment recorded minimum number of leaves was recorded
significant increase in leaf area compared to with 50 ppm Ethrel (21.33) followed by NAA
control. However, earlier findings of Mir et 80 ppm (21.53). Singh et al., (2011) observed
al., (2008) and Devi (2011) reported that that GA3 30 ppm in combination with kinetin
foliar application of ethephon increased leaf 30 ppm recorded 16.00 number of leaves per
area index in brassica and soybean. Khairul plant in broccoli.
Mazed et al., (2015) observed an increase in
leaf length and width with increase in GA3 Head characters and yield: Maximum head
concentration from 0 ppm (L- 32.36 cm; W- diameter (22.77 cm) was recorded with 120
26.39 cm) to 110 ppm (L- 34.28 cm; W- ppm NAA followed by GA3 60 ppm (22.04

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cm), both were statistically at par to each In case of vitamin A content, 60 ppm GA3
other. Khairul Mazed et al., (2015) recorded recorded maximum value (297.90 IU/100g)
maximum value for head diameter (12.90 cm) but was found to be at par with 100 ppm
in cabbage by application of 90 ppm GA3. ethrel (294.88 I.U/100g), 90 ppm GA3 (293.40
I.U/100g), 40 ppm NAA (293.17 I.U/100g),
Significantly highest value for fresh head 80 ppm NAA (293.16 I.U/100g) and 120 ppm
weight and total yield was recorded with NAA (291.30 I.U/100g). Significant increase
NAA 120 ppm (480.43 g and 237.25 q/ha in beta carotene content in broccoli head was
respectively) followed by GA3 60 ppm recorded by Singh et al., (2011) with GA3 40
(443.33 g and 217.93 q/ha respectively). ppm soaking treatment.
Superior and statistically at par value for these
two traits were recorded by GA3 90 ppm In conclusion the experiment has conclusively
(414.13 g and 201.44 q/ha respectively), NAA brought out some vital information on the
40 ppm (400.66 g and 198.53 q/ha influence of the plant growth regulators
respectively) and NAA 80 ppm (393.75 g and applied at 28 and 45 DAT on growth, yield
192.44 q/ha respectively). In cabbage, similar and biochemical traits of broccoli. Among
findings have been observed by Chaurasiy et different treatments, foliar application of
al., (2014). They recorded highest head NAA 120 ppm proved best for increasing
weight (1.73 kg), head diameter (18.88 cm) head yield and its contributing parameters as
and yield per hectare (51.26 t/ha) with well as quality of head. However, GA3 60
treatment of GA3 60 ppm followed by NAA ppm treatment was statistically at-par with it
80 ppm and lowest in control (0.74 kg, for most of the characters including quality
10.87cm and 21.93 t/ha respectively). and yield. So, both the PGRs can be
Similarly, Roy and Nasiruddin (2011) also recommended for broccoli commercial
recorded highest head weight (3.55 kg) in cultivation with a view to yield improvement,
cabbage from 50 ppm GA3 followed by 75 as well as quality enhancement.
ppm GA3 (3.43kg). The lowest head weight
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How to cite this article:

Vandana Mandingbam, Chadan Kumar Mandal and Sayan Jana. 2020. Effect of Some Plant
Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica
Plenck). Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(11): 2437-2442.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.293

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