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Math 9 - Q2 - M1
Math 9 - Q2 - M1
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 1
Introduction to Variations
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 1: Introduction to Variations
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in this module.
For the Learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
PRETEST
Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
1) What type of variation exists between the number of people going outside and the
rate of transmission of the COVID-19 virus?
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation
2) Michael is planning to repaint his house, but he wanted to finish the job the
soonest time possible. He contacted his friends Russel and Angelo to help him
with the repainting. What type of variation exists in this situation?
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation
3) What type of variation is present in the formula when solving for the volume of a
1
pyramid (𝑉 = 𝐵ℎ)?
3
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation
4) How will you translate the statement “the cost (c) of meat varies directly as the
number (n) of kilos bought” into an equation with k as constant of variation?
𝑘 𝑘
A. 𝑛 = C. 𝑐 =
𝑐 𝑛
B. n = kc D. c = kn
5) Which of the following is the correct translation of the statement “w varies directly
as x and y and inversely as z” where k as constant of variation?
𝑘𝑥𝑧 𝑘𝑥𝑦
A. 𝑤 = C. 𝑤 =
𝑦 𝑧
𝑘𝑥 𝑘𝑥𝑦
B. 𝑤 = D. 𝑤 =
𝑦𝑧 𝑧
RECAP
LESSON
You may have noticed in many equations in mathematics the idea that two
variables may be related to each other in such a way that when one quantity
increases or decreases, the other quantity also increases or decreases. In some
situations, you may have noticed that as one quantity increases, the second quantity
decreases or vice versa. Such changes in variable parameters are called variations.
There are four types of variations namely: direct variation, inverse variation, joint
variation and combined variation.
Direct Variation
Direct variation exists whenever the ratio
between two quantities is a nonzero constant. This
means, as one quantity increases the other quantity
also increases. Similarly, as one quantity decreases, the
other quantity also decreases. The statement “y varies (References: Wikimedia Commons. Accessed June 13, 2020.
𝑦 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HK_Central_結志
directly as x” may be written as y = kx or k = where 街_Gage_Street_market_雞蛋_Chicken_n_鴨蛋
𝑥 _Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg; Free Images & Free
Examples:
𝑎
1. “a varies directly as b” can be written as a = kb or k =
𝑏
2. “the cost (c) of egg varies directly as the number (n) of pieces bought” can be
𝑐
written as c = kn or k =
𝑛
3. “the distance (d) covered by a car is directly proportional to the time (t) it
𝑑
travels” can be written as d = kt or k =
𝑡
Inverse Variation
(References: Wikimedia Commons. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electronics_factory_ in_Shenzhen.jpg; Wallpaper Flare. Accessed June 16, 2020.
https://www.wallpaperflare.com/gardener-nursery-plant-seed-flowerpot-sowing-in-a-row-wallpaper-gcvvp; Wikimedia Commons. Accessed June 16, 2020.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:People_eating_pizza_at_BarCamp_London.jpg.)
Examples:
𝑘
1. “r varies inversely as s” can be written as r = or rs = k
𝑠
2. “the numbers (n) of workers and the amount of time (t) to finish the work” can
𝑘
be written as n = or nt = k
𝑡
3. “the force (F) of attraction between two opposite electrical charges varies
inversely as the square of the distance (d) between them” can be written as F
𝑘
= or Fd2 = k
𝑑2
Joint Variation
Joint variation takes place when one quantity varies
directly as the product of two or more quantities. In symbols,
“y varies jointly as x and z” may be written as y = kxz where k is
the constant of variation and x ≠ 0 and z ≠ 0.
Examples:
Examples:
𝑘𝑓𝑔
1. “e varies jointly as f and g and inversely as h” can be written as e =
ℎ
2. “the velocity (v) of a car varies directly with the distance (d) and inversely as
𝑘𝑑
the time (t)” can be written as v =
𝑡
3. “the time (t) it takes to construct a building varies directly as the height (h) of
the building and inversely as the number (n) of workers” can be written as
𝑘ℎ
t=
𝑛
ACTIVITIES
1) The amount (A) to pay in electric bill varies directly as the kilowatt-hours
consumed (c).
2) The number (n) of passengers in a jeep varies inversely as the space (s)
between them.
3) The electrical resistance (R) of a wire varies directly as its length (l) and
inversely as the square of its diameter (d).
4) The area (A) of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base (b) and height (h).
5) The number of teachers (t) needed in a school varies directly as the number
of students (s) enrolled.
a. Home
b. Community
c. School
WRAP-UP
What are the four types of variation? How will you determine whether the given
equation or situation is a representation of direct, inverse, joint or combined
variation? What are the things we must remember about each type of variation?
VALUING
The saying “less is more” has been used in many conversations and
advertisements since 1855 and up until these days. How do you interpret this
saying? If “less is more”, then can we also say that “more is less”? Write your answer
in your notebook.
POSTTEST
Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
1) A planet’s orbital speed depends on its distance from the sun. Planets closer to
the sun have faster orbital speed compared to planets farther from the sun. What
type of variation is described in this situation?
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation
4) How do you write the statement “the number (n) of workers varies inversely as the
time (t) needed to finish the job?” into an equation where k as constant of
variation?
𝑘
A. n = kt C. 𝑛 =
𝑡
𝑘
B. t = kn D. 𝑡 =
𝑛
BOOKS:
Bryant, Merden L., Bulalayao, Leonides E., Callanta, Melvin M., Cruz, Jerry D., De
Vera, Richard F., Garcia, Gilda T. and Javier, Sonia E., et. al. Mathematics
Grade 9 Learner’s Material. First Edition. Pasig City: Department of
Education, 2014.
Diaz, Zenaida B., Mojica, Maharlika P., Suzara, Josephine L., Mercado, Jesus P.,
Esparrago, Mirla S. and Reyes, Nestor Jr. V. Next Century Mathematics 9.
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014.
Dilao, Soledad Jose and Bernabe, Julieta G. Intermediate Algebra Textbook for
Second Year. Pilot Edition. Quezon City: JTW Corporation, 2002.
Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O. E-Math 9. Revised Edition. Manila: Rex
Book Store Inc., 2015.
ONLINE RESOURCES: