Industrial Training Report From Bharti Airtel Limited, ON Bts Installation and Maintenance
Industrial Training Report From Bharti Airtel Limited, ON Bts Installation and Maintenance
An internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
SUBMITTED BY:-
GAGLEEN KOUR
02/18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
4
INTRODUCTION
The most popular type of Wireless Base Station deployment (cell site) consists of a
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) located in close proximity to the antenna tower. This
BTS connects to both the Mobile Switching Center (MSC), which directs hand-off
between towers for mobile users, and the Radio Frequency (RF) transmitters/receivers
antenna located on the tower structure. The “hut” at the base of the tower or in the
basement of a tall building is configured with the RF transceivers and RF amplifiers,
along with the baseband processing unit, test and alarm unit, ac power, battery back-up
systems, and a backhaul transport unit (MSC connection), all of which are typically
installed in a single rack enclosure. The RF amplifiers drive through the cables to the
antenna located at the top of the elevated tower. This typical setup requires climate
controls for the entire building structure, a large building site footprint, and a hefty
back-up system (large, bulky batteries); it also is subject to high signal and power losses
in the cable due to the length of the cable between the RF amplifiers and the
transmitter/receiver antennas mounted at the top of the tower. Tower Mounted
Amplifiers (TMAs) are sometimes required to boost this RF signal when the distance
between the tower-mounted antenna and the BTS location is too great. Some
architecture changes are being implemented to correct some of these long-standing
drawbacks.
Five basic Base Station architectures are in use today:
1. Legacy architecture, with all of the equipment located inside the BTS hut, with
a coax connection to the top of the tower and a fiber/copper connection to the
MSC (illustrated in Figure 1).
2. Split architecture design, with the Base Band Unit (BBU) located indoors and a
Remote Radio Unit (RRU) located on the tower (illustrated in Figure 2).
3. “Hoteling” approach that uses a single BTS hut but connects to multiple towers
(illustrated in Figure 3).
Fig1: Legacy BTS (cell site). Radio tower and BTS equipment used in a typical cell site
location.
Contents
1. BTS system overview
2. BBU hardware structure
3. RFU and RRU hardware structure
4. Auxiliaries hardware structure
5. Cable connection
Component of BTS
BBU
MRFU, WRFU, GRFU
Indoor macro cabinet
BTS Cabinet
\BTS Features
When working in GSM mode, a single BBU supports the maximum cell
configuration of S24/24/24. One MRFU supports a maximum of 6 GSM TRX
based on the multi-carrier base station (Class2) in 3GPP TS 45.005 V8.2.0
When working in GSM+UMTS dual mode, a BBU supports the maximum cell
configuration of GSM S24/24/24 + UMTS S8/8/8. One MRFU supports a
maximum of 6 GSM+UMTS carriers based on the multi-carrier base
station(Class2) in 3GPP TS 45.005 V8.2.0
When working in UMTS mode, a BBU supports 24 cells, 1,536 CEs in the
uplink, and 1,536 CEs in the downlink. One MRFU supports a maximum of 4
UMTS carriers
WMPT
The WCDMA Main Processing and Transmission unit is the BBU3900 main control and
transmission board that processes the signals and manages the resources for other boards.
Table: WMPT ports
WBBP
UBFA
The Universal BBU Fan type A (UBFA) is the fan unit, and it controls the fan speed,
detects the temperature of the fan board, and dissipates the heat in the BBU.
UPEU
The Universal Power and Environment Interface Unit (UPEU) board provides power for
other boards and monitors external alarms.
The UPEU is classified into UPEUA and UPEUB:
The UPEUA converts -48 V DC to +12 V DC
The UPEUB converts +24 V DC to +12 V DC
Optional Boards
UEIU:
The Universal Environment Interface Unit (UEIU) board transmits monitoring
signals and alarm signals from external devices to the main control and
transmission unit.
USCU:
The Universal Satellite Card and Clock Unit (USCU) is compatible with six
types of satellite card, provides absolute timing information and the 1 Pulse Per
Second (PPS) reference clock for the main control board, and provides the
RGPS ports and BITS port.
UTRP:
The Universal Transmission Processing unit (UTRP) board, as the transmission
extension board, it provides eight E1s/T1s, or one un channelized STM-1/OC-3
port, or four FE/GE electrical ports, or two FE/GE optical ports.
UBRI:
The Universal Baseband Radio Interface Board (UBRI) provides extended CPRI
optical or electrical ports to implement convergence, distribution, and multi-
mode transmission on the CPRI.
Power Subsystem
DCDU-01
The Direct Current Distribution Unit-01 (DCDU-01) supplies power to each component
in the cabinet.
PMU
The Power and Environment Monitoring Unit (PMU) performs the power system
management, power distribution detection, and alarm reporting functions.
PSU (AC/DC)
The PSU is the Power Supply Unit. The PSU (AC/DC) converts 220 V AC power into -
48 V DC power.
Cable Connection
Power Cable Connection
Appearance of EMU
Fig: EMU Appearance
Front Panel of EMU
Connection Sketch
Connection With BTS
Power Connection
In this situation/case, we will discuss with ROM to find out a suitable place for placing
the Huawei Alarm Box and will handle this type of issue case by case.
Fig: installing EMU on rack