Statistics and Probability: Learner'S Activity Sheet Quarter 3 - Week 3: Normal Probability Distribution
Statistics and Probability: Learner'S Activity Sheet Quarter 3 - Week 3: Normal Probability Distribution
STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
LEARNER'S ACTIVITY SHEET
Quarter 3 – Week 3:
NORMAL PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Learner's Activity Sheet
Quarter 3 – Week 3: NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
First Edition, 2021
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Marilyn B. Siao
Roberto N. Mangaliman
Ma. Luz I. Orbe
Cecilia A. Arga
Ma. John Ray Rosales
School: Teacher:
Competencies:
1) Interprets the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable. (M11/12SP-IIIb-3)
2) Solves problems involving mean and variance of probability distribution(M11/12SP-IIIb-4)
3) Illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics (M11/12SP-IIIc-1)
General Reminders: Use this activity sheet with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the activity sheet. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. Read the
directions carefully before doing each task. Return this activity sheet to your teacher/facilitator
once you are through with it.
Explore
In the previous lesson, you learned how to calculate the mean and the variance of
a discrete probability distribution. Let us solve the problem below;
1) The number of items sold per day at a retail store, with its corresponding
probabilities, is shown in the table. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the
probability distribution.
Number of Items Sold (X) Probability P(X)
19 0.20
20 0.20
21 0.30
22 0.20
23 0.10
1) Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution using the formul µ = ∑ {X ∙ P (X)}
Number of Items Sold Probability P(X) X ∙ P (X)
(X)
19 0.20 3.80
20 0.20 4.00
21 0.30 6.30
22 0.20 4.40
23 0.10 2.30
μ = 20.80
2) Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X by its corresponding
probability and get the sum.
3) Step 3: Subtract the square of the mean from the results obtained in step 2 to get the
variance.
σ² = 434.20 – (20.80)² = 1.56 , and the standard deviation is √1.56 or 1.25.
So, the average number of items sold in a retail store per day is 20.80 ≈ 21 with a
standard deviation of 1.25.
Learn
The normal curve has a very important role in Inferential Statistics. It provides
a graphical representation of a statistical values that are needed in describing the
characteristics of a populations as well as making decisions. It is defined by an equation
that uses the population mean, μ and the standard deviation, σ.
Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution
The area under the normal curve represents probability and the total area
under the curve sums to one. Fortunately, these areas have already been determined for
our use. The area between -3 and +3 is almost 100% (not yet 100%) because the curve
almost touches the horizontal line. There is a small fraction of the area at the tails of the
distribution.
The empirical rule tells you what percentage of your data falls within a certain
number of standard deviation from the mean:
•68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean
• 95 % of the data falls within two standard deviations of the mean
• 99.7 % of the data falls within three standard deviations of the mean.
Fig. 2 Areas Under the Normal Curve
The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve is also known as the z-Table.
The z-score is a measure of relative standing. It is calculated by subtracting the mean
(μ) from the measurement X and then dividing the result by standard deviation (σ). The
final result, the z-score, the distance between a given measurement X and the mean,
expressed in standard deviations.
Four-Step Process in Finding the Areas Under the Normal Curve Given a z- Value
Illustrative Example 1:
Answer: (Note: Finding the area that corresponds to z =1 means finding the area
between z =0 and z = 1.)
Steps Solution
0.3413
0 1
Illustrative Example 2:
Answer: (Note: Finding the area that corresponds to z = 1.36 is as the same as
finding the area between z =0 and z = 1.36.
Steps Solution
0.4131
0 1.36
Illustrative Example 3:
Answer: (In the z- table in this learning activity sheet, the area that corresponds to
z = 2.58 is the same as the area that corresponds to z = - 2.58. So, we are looking for the
area between z =0 and z =-2.58. In the graph, it is located on the left-half of the curve.)
Steps Solution
0.4951
-2.58 0
Illustrative Example 4:
Answer: Looking at the z- Table, 0.4495 is the intersection of Column 1.6 and
Row .04. So, the z- scores having 0.4495 as the area are z = +1.64 and z= -1.64.
Illustrative Example 5:
Answer: Looking at the z- Table, 0.1700 is the intersection of Column 0.4 and
Row .04. So, the z-scores having 0.1700 as the area are z = + 0.44 and z= -0.44.
Practice Exercises/Activity
1) Find the corresponding area between z = 0 and each of the following z- scores.
Draw a normal curve to show the desired area:
a) z = 0.96
b) z = 1.74
c) z = -2.18
d) z = -1.96
e) z = 2. 58
2) Find the z- scores that corresponds to the following areas under the normal
curve:
a) 0.2157
b) 0.2910
c) 0.4750
d) 0.4945
e) 0.4292
Engage
This activity will enable you to reflect about the topic and activities you underwent. Reflect on
the activities you have done by wring a short paragraph. Write your answers on your journal
notebook. The beginning sentences are as follows:
I learned that _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
I discovered that __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
I was surprised that I _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
I was pleased that I _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
Apply
I. a. Find out the grades of your section in your Math 11 (Gen. Math) by asking your
adviser. Compute the mean and standard deviation of the grades of all your
II. With reference to the mean, what can you say about the grades of your
classmates?
Post Test
10. The z-scores that corresponds to the area 0.3051 under the normal curve are?
a. z= -0.86 and z= + 0.86 c. z= - 0.80 and z = +0.82
b. z= -0.85 and z = +0.86 d. z= - 0.83 and z = + 0.83