11

STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
LEARNER'S ACTIVITY SHEET
Quarter 3 – Week 3:
NORMAL PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Learner's Activity Sheet
Quarter 3 – Week 3: NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
First Edition, 2021

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 LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET FOR QUARTER 3, WEEK 3
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Name: Grade & Section:

School: Teacher:

Competencies:
1) Interprets the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable. (M11/12SP-IIIb-3)
2) Solves problems involving mean and variance of probability distribution(M11/12SP-IIIb-4)
3) Illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics (M11/12SP-IIIc-1)

General Reminders: Use this activity sheet with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the activity sheet. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. Read the
directions carefully before doing each task. Return this activity sheet to your teacher/facilitator
once you are through with it.

Explore
In the previous lesson, you learned how to calculate the mean and the variance of
a discrete probability distribution. Let us solve the problem below;
1) The number of items sold per day at a retail store, with its corresponding
probabilities, is shown in the table. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the
probability distribution.
Number of Items Sold (X) Probability P(X)
19 0.20
20 0.20
21 0.30
22 0.20
23 0.10

1) Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution using the formul µ = ∑ {X ∙ P (X)}
Number of Items Sold Probability P(X) X ∙ P (X)
(X)
19 0.20 3.80
20 0.20 4.00
21 0.30 6.30
22 0.20 4.40
23 0.10 2.30
μ = 20.80
 2) Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X by its corresponding
probability and get the sum.

X P (X) X∙ P (X) X² ∙ P (X)

19 0.20 3.80 19²∙ 0.20 = 72.20

20 0.20 4.00 20² ∙0.20 = 80.00
21 0.30 6.30 21²∙ 0.30 = 132.30
22 0.20 4.40 22²∙ 0.20 = 96.80
23 0.10 2.30 23²∙ 0.10 = 52.90
434.20

3) Step 3: Subtract the square of the mean from the results obtained in step 2 to get the
variance.
σ² = 434.20 – (20.80)² = 1.56 , and the standard deviation is √1.56 or 1.25.

So, the average number of items sold in a retail store per day is 20.80 ≈ 21 with a
standard deviation of 1.25.

Learn

Normal Probability Distribution

Normal distribution, also known as Gaussian distribution, is a probability

distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are
more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean. If a well-prepared test is
administered to a class of 100 students, there will be a few high scores, as well as a few
low scores. Most of the scores will be found in between these two extreme scores. In a
graph form, the normal distribution will appear as bell curve. In reality, if a distribution
consists of a very large number of cases and the three measures of averages (mean,
median, and mode) are equal, then the distribution is symmetrical and the skewness is 0.
In Statistics, such distribution is called normal distribution or simply normal curve.

The normal curve has a very important role in Inferential Statistics. It provides
a graphical representation of a statistical values that are needed in describing the
characteristics of a populations as well as making decisions. It is defined by an equation
that uses the population mean, μ and the standard deviation, σ.
 Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution

The normal probability distribution has the following properties:

1) The distribution curve is bell-shaped.

2) The curve is symmetrical about its center.
3) The mean, the median, and the mode coincide at the center.
4) The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the
distribution
5) The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal axis, always
approaching the axis but never touching it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to the base
line.
6) The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it represents the probability or proportion
or percentage associated with specific sets of measurement values.

FIG.1 The Normal Probability Distribution

The Standard Normal Curve

A standard normal curve is a normal probability distribution that has a mean μ

= 0 and a standard deviation σ = 1.

The area under the normal curve represents probability and the total area
under the curve sums to one. Fortunately, these areas have already been determined for
our use. The area between -3 and +3 is almost 100% (not yet 100%) because the curve
almost touches the horizontal line. There is a small fraction of the area at the tails of the
distribution.

The empirical rule tells you what percentage of your data falls within a certain
number of standard deviation from the mean:

•68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean
• 95 % of the data falls within two standard deviations of the mean
• 99.7 % of the data falls within three standard deviations of the mean.
 Fig. 2 Areas Under the Normal Curve

Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve

The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve is also known as the z-Table.
The z-score is a measure of relative standing. It is calculated by subtracting the mean
(μ) from the measurement X and then dividing the result by standard deviation (σ). The
final result, the z-score, the distance between a given measurement X and the mean,
expressed in standard deviations.

Table 1: Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve

 To find the area that corresponds to a z-value, simply find the area between
z =0 and the given z- value using the z-Table in this Learning Activity Sheet.

Four-Step Process in Finding the Areas Under the Normal Curve Given a z- Value

1) Express the given z-value into a three-digit form.

2) Using the z-Table, find the first two digits on the left column.
3) Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right.
4) Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of the row and the column. This is
the required area.

Illustrative Example 1:

Find the area that corresponds to z = 1

Answer: (Note: Finding the area that corresponds to z =1 means finding the area
between z =0 and z = 1.)

Steps Solution

1. Express the given into a three- z =1.00

digit form.
2. In the table, find the Row z = 1.0
3. In the table, find the Column with
the heading .00
4. Read the area (or probability) at The area is 0.3413. This is
the intersection of Row 1.0 and the the required area.
Column .00

0.3413

0 1

Illustrative Example 2:

Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.36.

Answer: (Note: Finding the area that corresponds to z = 1.36 is as the same as
finding the area between z =0 and z = 1.36.
 Steps Solution

1. Express the given into a three- z =1.36

digit form.
2. In the table, find the Row z = 1.3
3. In the table, find the Column with
the heading .06
4. Read the area (or probability) at The area is 0.4131. This is
the intersection of Row 1.3 and the the required area.
Column .06

0.4131

0 1.36

Illustrative Example 3:

Find the area that corresponds to z = - 2.58.

Answer: (In the z- table in this learning activity sheet, the area that corresponds to
z = 2.58 is the same as the area that corresponds to z = - 2.58. So, we are looking for the
area between z =0 and z =-2.58. In the graph, it is located on the left-half of the curve.)

Steps Solution

1. Express the given into a three- z =2.58

digit form.
2. In the table, find the Row z = 2.5
3. In the table, find the Column with
the heading .08
4. Read the area (or probability) at The area is 0.4951. This is
the intersection of Row 2.5 and the the required area.
Column .08

0.4951

-2.58 0
 Illustrative Example 4:

Find the z- scores in the z- table that have an area of 0.4495.

Answer: Looking at the z- Table, 0.4495 is the intersection of Column 1.6 and
Row .04. So, the z- scores having 0.4495 as the area are z = +1.64 and z= -1.64.

Illustrative Example 5:

Find the z-scores in the table having an area of 0.1700

Answer: Looking at the z- Table, 0.1700 is the intersection of Column 0.4 and
Row .04. So, the z-scores having 0.1700 as the area are z = + 0.44 and z= -0.44.
 Practice Exercises/Activity

1) Find the corresponding area between z = 0 and each of the following z- scores.
Draw a normal curve to show the desired area:

a) z = 0.96

b) z = 1.74

c) z = -2.18

d) z = -1.96

e) z = 2. 58

2) Find the z- scores that corresponds to the following areas under the normal
curve:

a) 0.2157

b) 0.2910

c) 0.4750

d) 0.4945

e) 0.4292
 Engage

This activity will enable you to reflect about the topic and activities you underwent. Reflect on
the activities you have done by wring a short paragraph. Write your answers on your journal
notebook. The beginning sentences are as follows:
I learned that _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
I discovered that __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
I was surprised that I _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
I was pleased that I _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

Apply

I. a. Find out the grades of your section in your Math 11 (Gen. Math) by asking your
adviser. Compute the mean and standard deviation of the grades of all your

classmates including yours.

b. Show the information using the sketch of the normal curve.

II. With reference to the mean, what can you say about the grades of your
classmates?
 Post Test

Directions: Choose the letter that correspond the correct answer.

1. The curve of a probability distribution is formed by

a. line c. bell-shaped
b. parabola d. circle
2. The total area under a normal curve is
a. 0.50 c. 1.5
b. 0.64 d. 1
3. The important values that best describe a normal curve are
a. mean and variance c. mean and standard deviation
b. median and variance d. mean and mode
4. The curve of a normal distribution extends indefinitely at the tails but does not
a. intersects c. touches
b. coincides d. crosses
5. The area under a normal curve may also be expresses in terms of probability, or
proportion, or
a. percentage c. ratio
b. fraction d. both b and c
6. The mean, the median, and the mode of a normal curve are
a. not equal c. coinciding at the center
b. equal d. both b and c
7. About what percent of a score distribution in a normal curve is between z = 0 and z = 2?
a. 47.72 c. 47.83
b. 47.78 d. 47.88
8. About what percent of the distribution in a normal curve lies above the mean?
a. 50% c. 47.75%
b. 34.16% d. 100%
9. A standard normal curve is a normal probability distribution that has a
a. μ = 0, σ = 1 c. μ = 1, σ = 1
b. μ =1, σ = 0 d. μ = 0, σ =0

10. The z-scores that corresponds to the area 0.3051 under the normal curve are?
a. z= -0.86 and z= + 0.86 c. z= - 0.80 and z = +0.82
b. z= -0.85 and z = +0.86 d. z= - 0.83 and z = + 0.83