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CHAPTER 1 - Introduction-F - Part 1
CHAPTER 1 - Introduction-F - Part 1
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
2
CHAPTER OUTCOMES
WHAT IS PYTHON?
BASIC CONCEPTS:
Comment
display output to the user
#This is my first program "Hello World!" You can use single quotes
print ("Teacher says: Hello World!") or double quotes
""" This would be a multi line comment
in Python that spans several lines and Multi line
describes your code, your day, or anything you want it Comment
to"""
print ('I said to the class "sometimes you need to
shutdown and restart a notebook when cells refuse to
run"')
print("It's time to save your code")
Output:
Teacher says: Hello World!
I said to the class "sometimes you need to shutdown and restart a notebook when cells refuse to run"
It's time to save your code
6
VARIABLES
• In Python variables are used to store values.
• The type of data stored is called the data type of the variable.
• Three common data types:
varName = value
Message = "This is a string of data"
Variables are case sensitive! Num1 and num1 are NOT the same variable!
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EXERCISE 1
The quotes make all the difference! Num1 is a Strings can be added together. This is called
string. Strings cannot be added to integers. concatenation.
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EXERCISE 2
Output:
This is a python course
What is your name? =Justin
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VARIABLE REASSIGNMENT
num1 = 6
print (num1) Output:
6
num1 = 8
8
print(num1)
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TYPE() FUNCTION
• Returns the data type of the given data or variable
a = 5
print (type(a)) Output:
<class 'int'>
ch = 'this is a message'
<class 'str'>
print (type(ch))
12
INPUT FUNCTION
• In Python use the input() function to gather input from the user
name1 = input("enter your name: ")
print (name1)
Output:
Please enter five grades. One at a time
Grade 1:10 To cast a data type – use the
Grade 2:12 specific Type keyword ( like int
Grade 3:11 or str) in front of the variable or
Grade 4:10
Grade 5:7
data
50
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PRINT FORMATTING
print(object(s), separator=separator, end=end, file=file, flush=flush)
Parameter Description
object(s) Any object, and as many as you like. Will be converted to string before printed
sep='separator' Optional. Specify how to separate the objects, if there is more than one.
Default is ''
end='end' Optional. Specify what to print at the end. Default is '\n' (line feed)
file Optional. An object with a write method. Default is sys.stdout
flush Optional. A Boolean, specifying if the output is flushed (True) or buffered (False).
Default is False
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Output:
Please enter five grades. One at a time
Grade 1:10
Grade 2:12 comma (,) method combines printable items
Grade 3:11 with a space
Grade 4:10
Grade 5:7
The average is: 10.0.
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Output:
print("Hello" , "how are you?", sep=" --- ", end ="***") Hello --- how are you?***
STRING – EXAMPLE 1
Ch= P y t h o n
index 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
index 2 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
ch="python" Output:
print(ch[0]) p
print(ch[-1]) n
print(ch[-6]) p
print(ch[1:3]) yt
print(ch[:4]) pyth
print(ch[2:]) thon
print(ch[::2]) pto
print(ch[::-1]) nohtyp
print(ch[::-2]) nhy
print(ch*2) pythonpython
ch[1]='b' TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
18
STRING – TESTS
STRING – EXAMPLE 2
ch ="python"
ch1="343"
ch2="A Cold Stromy Night"
ch3= "WELCOME TO THE JUNGLE" Output:
print (ch.isalpha()) True
print (ch1.isalpha()) False
print (ch.isalnum()) True
print (ch1.isalnum()) True
print (ch2.istitle()) True
print (ch3.istitle()) False
print (ch1.isdigit()) True
print ("3rd".isdigit()) False
print (ch3.isupper()) True
print (ch.islower()) True
print ("THIS IS A MESSAGE WITH 214565".isupper()) True
print (ch.startswith("p")) True
print (ch2.startswith("a")) False
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STRING – FUNCTIONS
.capitalize() capitalizes the first character of a string
.lower() all characters of a string are made lowercase
.upper() all characters of a string are made uppercase
.swapcase() all characters of a string are made to switch case upper becomes lower
and vice versa
.title() each 'word' separated by a space is capitalized
.find() The find() method returns the index of first occurrence of the substring (if
found). If not found, it returns -1.
.count() The string count() method returns the number of occurrences of a substring
in the given string.
.replace() The replace() method returns a copy of the string where all occurrences of
a substring is replaced with another substring.
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STRING – EXAMPLE 3
message=input("Please type your name: ").upper() Output:
Please type your name: Alton
print(message)
ALTON
print(message.lower()) alton
STORING NUMBER
addition +
subtraction -
Multiplication *
Division /
Exponent **
Modulo %
NUMBER FORMAT
Output:
print('I have %d cats' %6) I have 6 cats
print('I have %3d cats' %6) I have 6 cats
print('I have %03d cats' %6) I have 006 cats
print('I have %f cats' %6) I have 6.000000 cats
print('I have %.2f cats' %6) I have 6.00 cats
print('I have %s cats' %6) I have 6 cats
print('I have {0:d} cats'.format(6)) I have 6 cats
print('I have {0:3d} cats'.format(6)) I have 6 cats
print('I have {0:03d} cats'.format(6)) I have 006 cats
print('I have {0:f} cats'.format(6)) I have 6.000000 cats
print('I have {0:.2f} cats'.format(6)) I have 6.00 cats