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PDF Cosh Modulepdf DD
PDF Cosh Modulepdf DD
Department of Labor and Employment
Occupational Safety and Health Center
ccredited Safety Training Organization
Accreditation No. 1030-101818-094
CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY & HEALTH
(COSH)
TRAINING MANUAL
MANUAL
Name:___________________________________________
Company:________________________________________
Dates:____________________________________________
Venue:___________________________________________
“The more you sweat in training, the less you bleed in battle
”
Table
Table of Contents
–
Module 17 Job Hazard Analysis 119
Module 18 – Construction Occupational Safety & Health (CSHP) 124
Module 1
Module 199 – Site Safety Inspection / Actual Site Visit
Visit / Activity Presentation 126
Module 2
Module 211 – Re-Entry Planning Learning Assessment 133
Module 22
Module 2 2 – Employees Compensation Commissions 134
Module
Modu le 1
1 –
– Intro
Introduc
ducti
tion
on to OSH
SH//OSH
OSH S
Standards
tandards
Course Overview, Requirements and Objectives
o
(OSH)
To increase awareness of the participants on the implementation of Occupational Safety
and Health (OSH) program
o To familiarize wwith
ith the Occupational Safety and Health Standards as promulgated by the
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
o To know the requirements for the appointment of a Safety Officer and for OSHC-DOLE
o Day 1 ______________________________
o Day 2 ______________________________
o Day 3 ______________________________
o Day 4 ______________________________
o Day 5 ______________________________
Diagnostic Examination/Pre-T
Examination/Pre-Test
est
OSH Situation - Video Showing of the Present OSH Situation and Progress of Safety
OSH
OSH Legislation, Admini stration and Enforcement
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Eleven (11)
(11) Attached Ag
Agencies
encies
Employees Compensation Commission
Institute for Labor Studies
Maritime Training Council
National Conciliati
Conciliation
on and Mediation Board
National Labor Relations Commission
National Maritime Polytechnic
National Wages and Productivit
Productivityy Commission
Occupational Safety and Health Center
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
6 BUREAUS
1. Labor and Employment Statistics
2. Labor Relations
3. Local Employment
4. Rural Workers
5. Women and Young Workers
6. Working Conditions
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The OSH Standards are mandatory rules on occupational safety and health promulgated
pur suant t o Art icl e 1
162,
62, Book IV of th
thee Labor Code of the Phil
Philippi
ippi nes, P.
P.D.
D. 44
442.
2.
BOOK FOUR
HEALTH, SAFETY AND SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS
Title I
MEDICAL, DENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
Chapter II
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Art. 162.set
orders, Safety and health
and enforce standards.
mandatory The Secretary
Secretar
occupational y of Labor
safety and Employment
and health standards toshall, by appropria
eliminateappropriate
te
or reduce
occupational safety and health hazards in all workplaces and institute new, and update existing,
programs to ensure safe and healthful working conditions in all places of employment.
without or within acceptable exposure limit to hazards. Occupational safety also refers to practices
related to production and work process.
Health means a sound state of the body and mind of the workers that enables the worker or employee
to perform the job normally.
• What is the purpose of OSH Standards?
Standards?
OSH Standards aim to provide at least the minimum acceptable degree of protection that must be
afforded to every worker in relation to the working conditions and dangers of injury, sickness or death
that may arise by reason of the worker's occupation. The provision of OSH Standards by the State is
an exercise of police power, with the intention of promoting the welfare and well-being of the workers.
All establishments,
establishments, workplaces
workplaces and other
other undert
undertakings
akings are covered,
covered, including agricu
agricultural
ltural enterprises
enterprises
whether operating for profit or not, except:
Residential places exclusively devoted to dwelling purposes.
Mines which is under the Department lf Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
It means that the worker shall be assured of effective protection against the danger of injury, sickness
or death through safe and healthful working conditions.
The OSH Standards provide that every company shall keep and maintain its workplace free from
work hazards that are likely to cause physical harm to the workers or damage to property. Thus, the
worker is entitled to be provided by the employer with:
Appropria
Appropriatete seats, lighting and
and ventilat
ventilation;
ion;
Adequate passagew
passageways,
ays, exits and firefighting equipmen
equipment;
t;
Separate facilities for men and women;
Appropria
Appropriatete safety devices like protect
protective
ive gears,
gears, masks, helmets,
helmets, safety boots, coats
coats or first-
first-
aid kits;
Medicines, medical supplies or first-aid kits;
Free medical and dental services and facilities.
Employers must provide their employees with the following instruments and/or working stations:
Appropria
Appropriate
te prote
protective
ctive equ
equipment
ipment and
and clo
clothing
thing such as overall
overall head coverings,
coverings, goggles, gloves
gloves
aprons and respirators;
A properly
properly desig
designed
ned exhaust
exhaust sy
system
stem and waste
waste disposal,
disposal, local exhaust
exhaust or general
general ven
ventilation
tilation to
keep toxic fumes or gases, away from workers' breathing zone;
Adequate number of fire ex
extinguisher
tinguishers
s in the
the workplace;
workplace;
Designated safe smoking and welding areas far from combustible, flammable or explosive
materials, containers
held explosives filled withmaterials;
or flammable explosives or flammable substances, and containers that have
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The Secretary of Labor and Employment, through the Regional Director or his other authorized
representative, enforces the OSH Standards in the exercise of visitorial and enforcement powers.
Visitorial power refers
refers to the authority to conduct inspections or investigations in the premises of an
employer at any time of the day or night whenever work is being undertaken. This is necessary to
determine violations or to enforce the rights of workers under the Labor Code. Under this power, the
employer may be required to submit reports and other documents to determine any violation.
nt power refers
Enforcement
Enforceme refers to the authority of the Secretary or the Regional Director to order an erring
employer, after due notice and hearing, to comply with labor standards and issue a writ of execution in
case of non-compliance. If the violation poses grave and imminent danger to the health and safety of
workers, suspension or cessation of the operations may be effected within 24 hours from the issuance
of the order.
These standards are enforced through the inspectorate system. Thus, every employer shall provide to
thethe
of Secretary or to whenever
day or night his/her duly authorized
there is work representative access
to determine and effecttocompliance.
its premises or records at any time
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Every establishment or workplace shall be inspected at least once a year. However, special inspection
visits may be authorized by the Regional Office to investigate work-related accidents, occupational
illness or dangerous occurrences, conduct surveys, follow-up inspection recommendations, or to
conduct investigations or inspections upon request of an employer, worker or labor union in the
establishment.
The Regional Office evaluates the report and conducts a special inspection or investigation
investi gation immediately
in the subject establishment. The complainant is notified in writing of the outcome of such investigation.
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Rule
Rul e 1005: DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
• Furnish his workers a place of employment free from hazardous conditions.
• Comply with the requirements of the Standards.
• Give complete job safety instruction to all his workers
• Use only approved devices and equipment in his workplace.
Rule
Rul e 1005: DUTIES OF EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYEES
S
Cooperate with the employer in carry
carrying
ing out the provisions of the Standards.
Report any work hazard to his/her supervisor
Follow all instructions by the employer in compliance with the OSHS provisions
Make proper use of all safeguards and safety devices.
General
General Prov
Provisi
isi ons (Rule
(Rule 1010
1010))
Rule 1020
1020 - Re
Regis
gistrati
trati on
Every employer shall register his/her business with the Reg
Regional
ional Labor Office or authorized
representative to provide the DOLE with information as guide in its enforcement activities.
activiti es.
Free of charge
Valid for lifetime, except when there is change in na
name,
me, location, ownership; opening after
previous closing
Rule 1030
1030 - Traini
Training
ng and Acc redit ation o
off Personnel i n OS
OSH
H
The BWC either directly or through accredited organizations, shall conduct continuing training programs
to increase the supply and competence of personnel qualified to carry out the provision of this
Standards.
Rule 1033
1033:: Trainin
Trainingg and Pe
Perso
rsonal
nal Compl
Complement:
ement:
The Minimum qualifications; duties and number of required safety and health officer shall be
as follows:
1. All safety officers must complete the Bureau-prescribed training course prior to their
appointment as in their respective places of employment.
2. All full-time safety officers must meet the requirement of du
duly
ly accredited Safety
Practitioners or Safety Consultants by the Bureau.
3. Not less than the following number of supervisors or technical personnel shall tahe the
required trainings and shall be appointed as a safety officer on a full-time or part time
basis, depending on the number of workers employed and the hazardous or
nonhazardous pursuant to Rule 1013 of these Standars.
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Source:www.dole.gov.ph/fndr/bong/files/DO%2016-01.pdf
Source: www.dole.gov.ph/fndr/bong/files/DO%2016-01.pdf
A wor
w or kplac
kp lace
e is deemed hazard
hazardou
ous
s i f:
The nature of the work exposes workers to dangerous environmental elements, contaminants
or work conditions, including ionizing radiation, chemicals, fire, flammable substances, noxious
components, and the like
The w
workers
orkers are engaged in construction w work,
ork, logging, fire-fighting, mining, quarrying, blasting,
stevedoring, dock work, deep-sea fishing and mechanized farming
The workers use or are exposed to heavy or power-driven machinery or explosive explosiv e powder-
actuated equipment
The workers are engaged in the manufacture or handling of explosives and other py pyrotechnic
rotechnic
products
The workers use or are exposed to biological agents such as bacteria, viruses and other
parasites.
• Where potential hazard within the company may affect the safety and/or health of workers not
only within but also persons outside the premises of the workplace. The following are
workplaces commonly associated with potentially high hazardous activities:
1. Petrochemical works and refineries;
2. Chemical wor
works
ks and chemical production plants;
3. LPG storage and materials;
4.
5. Stores and distribution
Large fertilizer stores; center for toxic/hazardous chemicals;
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6. Explosives factories;
7. Works in which chlorine is used in bulk;
8. Activitie
Activitiess closely similar to the activities enumerated above;
9. Activiti
Activities
es as determined by the Bureau in accordance with existing issuances related to
classification of establishments
Rule 1030
1030 - Traini
Training
ng and Acc redit ation o
off Personnel i n OSH
OSH
All Safety
Safety Officer
Officers
s must c complete
omplete the Bu
Bureau
reau pr
prescribed
escribed T
Training
raining Cou
Course
rse
A full-time
full-time safety oofficer
fficer m
must
ust be dul
duly
y accred
accredited
ited by the OSHC.
ACCREDITATION PROGRAM OF DOLE
Note: The employment of a full-time safety officer may not be required if the employer enters
into a written contract with a qualified consultant or consulting organization whose
organization whose duties
and responsibilities
responsibili ties shall be the duties of a safety practitioner as stated in this Rule. The
employment of a consultant, however, will not excuse the employer from the required training
of his supervisors or technical personnel.
NOT S
_______________
_______________________
____________________
_____________________
_________________
__________________
____________________
___________________
_______________
______
_______________
_______________________
__________________
___________________
_________________
__________________
____________________
_____________________
_________________
______
_______________
_______________________
__________________
___________________
_________________
__________________
____________________
_____________________
_________________
______
OSH PRACTITIONER
1. Completion of Prescribed 40-Hour BOSH training from DOLE accredited or
recognized organizations.
2. Relevant experience in OSH
Relevant
Three (3) years’ experience if applicant is duly licensed by PRC
3. Updated
2. Originalfunctions/job
Original actual Certificate ofdescription
employment duly signed by the employer or authorized official of
the company.
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Note: Al
Alll pages
p ages o f d
doc
ocum
um ent
entss m us
ustt be sig
s igned
ned by th
thee appl ic ant and or ig
igin
in al of
o f all
al l d
doc
ocum
um ent
entss
submitted must be presented to during applicant’s panel interview.
interview.
Validi
Va Renewal of Accreditation
lidi ty and Renewal
Accreditation shall be valid for three (3) years and shall be renewed upon compliance with
minimum requirements pursuant to D.O. 16, unless suspended, cancelled or revoked
Accreditation shall be renewed within the prescriptive period of 30 calendar days prior to
expiration thereof.
•When
•When shall an establishm
establi shm ent organize a Safe
Safety
ty and He
Health
alth Comm itt ee
ee?
?
In every workplace, a Safety and Health Committee shall be organized within sixty days after the
Standards take effect, and for new establishments, within one month from the date business starts
operating. In both cases the Safety and Health Committee shall reorganize every January of the
following year.
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•What are the types and composition of a Safety and Health Committee?
Committee?
The types and composition of the Safety and Health Committee shall be organized according to the
number of employees or workers in a workplace.
meetingsnecessary
Provide and activities;
assistance to government inspecting authorities in the proper conduct of
activities relating to enforcement of the provisions of the Standards;
Train workers in safe work habits and procedures;
Develop and maintain a disaster contingency plan and organize such emergency service units
as may be necessary to handle disaster situations pursuant to the Emergency Preparedness
Manual for Establishments of the Office of Civil Defense.
Duties of Employer
1. Establishes and adopts in writing administrative policies on safety and health
2. Reports to the enforcing authority the policies adopted and required report requirements.
3. Acts on recommended measures of health and safety committee and in case of non-adoption,
informs the committee of the reason
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Advises employers, supervisors and workers on matters of safety for their guidance
Investigates accidents a
ass part of the Safety Committee
Coordinates safety training programs for employees and employers
Make safety inspections of the plant as part of the Safety Committee
Maintains or helps maintain an accident record sysystem
stem
Acts as Secretary of the Safety Committee
Provides assistance to government inspectors in the conduct of safety and health inspection
Qualification
Qualifi cations
sooff a Safety Consult
Cons ult ant (OSH
(OSHS
S Rule 103
1034.0
4.01)
1)
o One who has been a Safety and Health Practitioner for at least five (5) years and has
taken the necessary training prescribed by the Bureau
o Safety Practitioners with at least ten (10
(10)) yyears
ears of experience in all levels of occupational
safety and health may not be required to undergo the required training provided they
secure from the |Bureau a certification attesting to their competence to qualify as
Consultants
o All Safety Consultants or consulting organizations, shall be accredited by the Bureau and
Module
Modu le 2: DO 13
In the interest of ensuring the protection and welfare of workers employed in the
construction industry, the protection and welfare of the general public within and
around the immediate vicinity of any construction worksite as well as the
promotion of harmonious employer-employee relationships in the construction
industry, and after consultations with the stakeholders in the construction
industry, taking into consideration industry practices and applicable government
requirements, the following guidelines are hereby issued for all concerned:
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Section 1. Definiti
Definiti on of Terms. As used
Terms. used herein
herein,, the ter
terms
ms below
below shall be
defined as follows:
a) “ Accr
Ac cr edited
edi ted or gan
ganizat
izatio
ionn ” means any organization duly accredited by the
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) delegated or authorized to
perform functions related to improvement of occupational safety and health in
the form of training, testing, certification, safety and health auditing or any other
similar activity.
b) “Certified first-aider
first-aider ” means any person trained and duly certified or qualified to
administer first-aid by the Philippine National Red Cross or by any organization
accredited by the same.
c) “Construction project manager/consultant ” means a person or entity who is
“Construction project manager/consultant”
hired by the project owner, to act in the owner’s behalf concerning
supervision and monitoring of all matters related to the overall execution of a
construction project. The construction project manager shall be a separate
entity from the general constructor or any subcontractor of the construction
project.
d) “Constructi on safety a
and
nd hea
health ee”” means the general safety and
lth c ommitt ee
health committee for a construction project site that shall be the overall
coordinator in implementing OSH programs.
e) “Construction safety and health officer ” means any employee/worker
trained and,
a nd, in addition to their regular duties and responsibilities, tasked by
his employer to implement occupational safety and health programs in
accordance with the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health
Standards (OSHS).
“Construction safety and health program ” refers to a set of detailed rules to
f) “Construction
cover the processes and practices that shall be utilized in a specific
construction project site in conformity with the OSHS including the personne
personnell
responsible
responsible and the penalties for violations thereof
thereof..
g) “Construction safety signage”
signage” refers to any, but not limited to, emergency or
danger sign, warning sign or safety instructi
instruction,
on, of standard ccolors
olors and
sizes in accordance with the specifications for standard colors of signs for
safety instructions and warnings in building premises as described in Table II of
the OSHS
h) “Constructor” is deemed synonymous with the term “builder”. It refers to any
person or organization who undertakes or offers to undertake or purports to
have the capacity to undertake or submits a bid to, or does himself or by or
through others, construct, alter, repair, add to, subtract from, improve, move,
wreck or demolish any building, highway, road, railroad, excavation or other
structure, project, development
dev elopment or improvement, or to do any part thereof,
including the erection of scaffolding or other structures or works in connection
therewith. The term constructor includes subcontractor and specialty contractor
15 | P age
l) prime
“Heavymover
equipment
equipment” refers
refersfor
used ”either to lilifting,
a
any
ny mamachin
fting, chine
e wit
with
h eleveling,
excavating, n g i n e drilling,
or el
electr
ectric
ic moto
motorring,
compact
compacting,as
transporting and breaking works in the construction site, such as but not limited
to crane, bulldozer, backhoe, grader, road compactor, prime mover and trailer,
with minimum operating weight and horsepower rating of 1,000 KG and 10 HP,
respectively.
m) “Imminent danger ” means a condition or practice that could reasonably be
expected to cause death or serious physical harm before abatement under the
normal enforcement procedures can be accomplished.
n) “Occupational health personnel”
personnel ” refers to a qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist, or
physician, engaged by the employer to provide occupational health
services in the establishment/undertaking.
o) “Project m anage r ” means the overall technical personnel of the general contractor
anager
and/or the subcontractor in charge of the actual execution of a construction
project.
p) “Resident engineer ” means a duly licensed engineer who shall be tasked to be
present at the construction site at all times, whenever work is being
undertaken, and shall have the responsibili responsibility
ty of assuring the technical
conformance
conforma nce of all designs, materials, processes, work procedures rendered for the
execution of the construction project, including safety and health of all persons
within the construction site.
q) “programs,
Safety
Safe ty andrecords
health audi gular and critical
t ” refers to a reperformance
and management examination
on program of project
standards onsites,
safetysafety
and
health.
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r) “Sa
Safety
fety and hea
health
lth co mmi ttee
ttee”” means a group tasked with the authority to monitor, inspect,
and investigate all aspects of the construction project pertaining to health and safety
of construction workers.
s) “Safety organization”
organization ” means any organization recognized and accredited by the DOLE
to conduct occupational safety and health training and/or safety and health audit.
t) “Safety personnel”
personnel ” refers to any person engaged by any constructor, trained, accredited
by DOLE and ttasked
asked to provide occupational safety and health services for
the workers/employees in any construction project.
u) “Skills standards”
standards ” refers to the written specification of the minimum stock knowledge
and skills a worker should possess to perform the functions identified in the job description
of his occupation.
v) “Te
Technical
chnical s afe
afety pection”” refers to inspection for the purpose of safety determination
ty ins pection
of boilers, pressure vvessels,
essels, iinternal
nternal combustion engi engines,
nes, electrical
el ectrical installations,
elevators, hoisting equipment and other mechanical equipment.
w) “Trade test”
test ” refers to an instrument used to measure workers’ skills and knowledge based
on the requirements of the skills.
x) “Treatment Room”
Room ” refers to any enclosed area or room equipped with the necessary
medical facilities and supplies and located within the premises of the establishment where
workers maybe brought for examination and treatment of their injuries or illnesses
in cases of emergency.
y) “Tool box meeting or gang meeting”meeting ” refers to daily meeting among workers and
t h e i r respec
respective
tive sup
superv
ervisor
isorss for the purp
purpose
ose of instr
instruct
uction,
ion, dis
discus
cussion
sion an
and
d prope
properr
briefing on the planned wor work,
k, the assessment of papast
st work, the possibility or actual
occurrence of accidents at the site, tips and suggestions on how to prevent possible
accidents and other related matters.
z) “Unguarded surface”
surface” refers to any working surface above water or ground, temporary
or permanent floor platform, scaffold construction or wherever workers are exposed to
the possibility of falls hazardous to life or limb.
Section 2. Jurisdiction
The DOLE, through the Secretary of Labor and Employment, has the exclusive jurisdiction in
the preparation of Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) for the Construction
Industry including
incl uding its very enforcement, as provided for by law.
2.1. As embodied in Article 162, Chapter 2, Title I of Book Four of The Labor Code of
the Philippines, "The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall by appropriate
17 | P age
orders set and enforce mandatory occupational safety and health standards
to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health h
hazards
azards in all work places
and institute new and update existing programs to ensure safe and healthful
working condition
conditionss in all p
places
laces of e
employment.
mployment.""
2.2. As e
embodied
mbodied in Article 165, Chapter 2, Title I of Book Four of The Labor Code of
the Philippines, "(a) The Department of Labor and Employment shall be solely
responsible for the administration and enforcement of occupational safety
and health laws, regulations and sstandards
tandards in all establishme
establishments
nts and
workplaces wherever they may be located"
Section 3. De
Delega
legation
tion of Authorit y and Accreditation
The authority to enforce mandatory occupational safety and health standards in the
construction industry may be delegated in part by the Secretary of Labor and Employment,
under the following conditions:
a) Chartere
Charteredd Cities and Municipalities may be allowed to conduct Technical
Safety Inspections and general safety audit of construction project sites within their
respective jurisdiction where they have adequate facilities and competent personnel
for the purpose as determined by the DOLE and subject to national standards
established by the latter, provided they submit for approval an application for such
authority.
This issuance shall apply to all operations and undertakings in the construction industry and
its subdivision
subdivisions,
s, namely, gen
general
eral building co
construction,
nstruction, gen
general
eral engineer
engineering
ing construction aand
nd
specialty trade construction, based on the classification code of the Philippine Construction
Accreditation
Accreditation Board (PCAB) of the Constru
Construction
ction Industry Authority of the Philippines (CIAP);
to companies and entities involved in demolition works; and to thos thosee falling within tthe
he
construction industry as may be de
determined
termined by the Secre
Secretary
tary of Labor and Employment.
Every construction project shall have a suitable Construction Safety and Health Program,
which must be in accordance with these rules, and other orders and issuances issued by the
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DOLE. The Construction Project Manager, or in his absence, the Project Manager as
authorized by the owner, shall be responsibl
responsible
e for compliance with this Section.
5.1 The Construction Safety and Health Program shall state the
following:
5.2 The Construction Safety and Health Program shall be executed and verified by
the Construction Proje
Project
ct Manager or Project Manager and shall be submitted
to the Bureau of Worki
Working
ng Conditions ((BWC)
BWC) which may approve, disapprove or
modify the same according to existing laws, rules and regulations and other
issuances by the DOLE.
5.3 The cost of implementing the Construction Safety and Health Program shall
be integrated into the project’s construction cost, provided, that said cost shall
be a separate pay item, duly quantified and stated in the project’s tender
documents and construction contract documents
Section 6. Personal Protective Equipment
Every employer shall, at his own expense, furnish his workers with protective equipment for
eyes, face, hands and feet, lifeline, safety belt/harness, p protective
rotective shields and barriers
whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous work process or environment, chemical or
radiological or other mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment
in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical agent.
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Provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be in accordance with Rule 1080 of
the OSHS. The equival
equivalent
ent cost for the provisi
provision
on of PPE (life span, depreciation,
replacement, etc.) Shall be an integral part of the project cost.
6.1. The employer shall provide adequate and approved type of protective equipment.
Workers within the construction project site shall be required to wear the
necessary PPE at all times.
6.2. Construction workers who are working from unguarded surfaces six (6) meters
or more above water or ground, temporary or permanent floor platform, scaffold
or where they are exposed to the possibility
possibil ity of falls hazardous to life or limb, must
must
be provided with safety harnesses and life lines.
6.3. Specialty construction workers must be provided w with
ith special protective
equipment, such as specialized goggles or respirators for welders and painters
or paint applicators.
6.4. All other persons who are either authorized or allowed to be at a construction
site shall wear appropriate PPE.
To ensure that a Construction Safety and Health Program is duly followed and enforced at
the construction project site, each construction project site is required to have the minimum
required Safety Personnel, as described herein:
7.1. The General Constructor must pro provide
vide for a full-time officer, who shall be assigned
as the general construction
c onstruction ssafety
afety and health of
officer
ficer to oversee full
full time the overall
management of the Construction Safety and Health Program. The general
construction safety and health officer shall frequently monitor and inspect any
health and safety aspect of the construction wor work k being undertaken. He shall
also assist government inspectors in the conduct of safety and health
inspection at any time whenever work is being performed or during the conduct
of accident investigation.
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Pre-Construction
10.1 Pre-Construction
The General Constructor must ensure that appropriate certification is obtained from
DOLE duly accredited organizations for the following:
a) All heavy equipmen
equipmentt operators assigned at the project site
must be tested and certified in accordance with a standard
trade test prescribed by Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) in coordination with its
accredited organization/s.
b) All hea
heavy
vy equipment must be tested and certified in
accordance with the standards prepared by DOLE or its
recognized organization/s prior to commissio
commissioning
ning of said
equipment.
b) Load restrictio
restrictions,
ns, height and width clearances
as imposed by Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH) for all roads
and bridges to be utilized during transport.
c) Only duly certified operators are allowed to load
and unload heavy equipment to trailer.
d) Equipment to be transported must be properly
secured to the trailer.
10.2.2 Erection/Set-up of Heavy quipment.
b) All equipment
minimum safetywhich do not comply with the
standards for equipment certification shall be
immediately
immediate ly removed from the work site for
restoration or repair until they meet said
standards or requirements.
The General Constructor and the equipment owner shall
maintain a separate logbook for data on maintenance,
repairs, tests and inspections for each heavy
equipment. Such logbook shall be used as a
necessary reference during the conduct of equipment
inspection.
11.1 Composition
c) Constructio
Constructionn Safety and Health Officers;
d) Safety representatives from each subcontractor,
e) Doctors, Nurses and other Health personnel, pursuant to
the requirements
require ments stated in Rule 1042 of the OSHS, who shall be
members ex officio;
11.2 Authority and Duties of the Construction Safety and Health Com
Committee
mittee
The chairperson shall convene the Construction Safety and Health Committee
at regular
regula r intervals so as to e
effectively
ffectively and efficiently monitor the implementation
implementation
of the Construction Safety and Health Program. As such, he shall have the
following duties:
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12.3 Every w
worker
orker shall receive instruction and training regarding the general safety
and health me
measures
asures co
common
mmon to construction sites which shall include:
a) Basic rights and duties of workers at the construction site
b) Means of access and egress both during nor
normal
mal w
work
ork and in emergency
situations
c) Meas
Measure
uress for good housekeeping
d) Location and proper use of welfare amenities and first-aid facilities
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e) Proper care and use of the items or personal protective equipment and
protective clothing provided the workers
f) General measures
measures for personal hygiene and health protection
protec tion
g) Fire precautions to be taken
12.5 Each supervisor or any designated person (e.g. foreman, lead man, gang
boss, etc.) shall conduct daily tool box or similar meetings prior to starting the tasks
for the day to discuss with the workers and anticipate safety and health problems
related to every task and the potential ssolutions
olutions to those problems. T The
he
supervisor shall remind the workers on the necessary safety precautions that need to
undertaken
be undertaken
The basic construction safety and health training shall be a forty (40)-hour training
course as prescribed by the BWC. The training course shall include the provisions
course as prescribed by the BWC. The training course shall include the provisions
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of Rule 1410 of the OSHS. The BWC, from time to time, may modify the basic
construction safety and health training course, as the need arises.
All safety person
personnel
nel involved in a consconstruc
truction
tion pro
project
ject shal
shalll be requ
required
ired to comp
complete
lete
such basic training course. Every constructor shall provide continuing construction
safety and health training
t raining to al
alll technical pe
personne
rsonnell under his emp
employ.
loy. Continu
Continuing
ing training
shall be a minimum of 16 hours per year for every full-time safety personnel.
All genera
generall constructo
constructors
rs shall be requir
required
ed to submit a monthly constructio
construction
n safety
and health report to the BWC or to the DOLE Regional Office concerned. The
report shall include a monthly summary of all safety and health ccommittee
ommittee meeting
agreements, a summary of all accident investigations/reports and periodic hazards
assessment with the corresponding remedial measures/action for each hazard.
In case of any dangerous occurrence or major accident resulting in death or
permanent total disabil
disability,
ity, the concern
concerned
ed employ
employer
er shall initially n
notify
otify the DOLE
Regional
Region al Office within twenty- four (24) hours from occurrence. After the
conduct of investigation by the concerned construction safety and health officer,
the employer shall report all permanent total disabilities to DOLE Regional Office on or
before the 20th of the month following the date of occurrence of accident using the
DOLE/BWC/HSD-IP-6 for
Section 15. Constructi on Workers
Workers Skills Certificates
An occupa
occupation
tion shall
shall be
be conside
considered
red critic
critical
al -
a) When the performance of a job affects and endangers people’s lives and limbs;
b) When the job involves the handling of tools, equipment and supplies;
c) When the job requires a relatively long period of education and training;
d) Wh
When
en the performance of the job may compromise the safety, health and
environmental
environmental concerns within the immediate vicinity of the construction site.
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The employer shall provide the following welfare facilities in order to ensure humane
working conditions:
16.1 Adequate supply of safe drinking water.
a) If the water
containers fromis used
whichinthe
common drinking
water is areas,
dispensed it should
through be or
taps stored in closed
cocks. Such containers
should be cleaned and disinfected at regular intervals not exceed exceeding
ing fifteen (15)
days.
b) Notices shall be conspicuously posted in locations where there is water
supply that is not fit for drinking purposes.
16.2 Adequate sanitary and washing facilities
a) Adequate facilities for changing and for the storage and drying of work
clothes
b) Adequate accommodation for taking meals and shelter.
The total cost of implementing a Construction Safety and Health Program shall
be a mandatory integral part of the project's construction cost as a separate pay
item, duly quantified and rreflected
eflected in the Proj
Project's
ect's Tender Documents and likewise
reflected in the Project's Construction Contract Documents.
19.1. A s circums
circumstances
tances mamayy war
warrant,
rant, the D DOLE
OLE shashallll refer to the Philippine
Contractors Accreditati
Accreditation
on Board (PCAB) iits
ts findings
findings,, after due proc
process,
ess, on any
act or omission committed by construction contractors in violation of labor
standards, safety rules and regulations and other pertinent policies.
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This issuance shall serve as policy and procedural guidelines for this Department and its
agencies in the administration and enforcement of applicable labor and ssocial ocial
legislation and their implementi
implementingng regula
regulations.
tions.
Nothing herein shall be construed to authorize diminution or reduction of benefits being
enjoyed by employees at the time of issuance hereof.
Module 3:
3: Const
Construc
ructio
tionn Site P
Premises
remises
Construction is inherently dangerous and present almost all hazards in every way and
processes.
We must be responsible to help make it safe for everyone with Management support.
Coverage
• Good Housekeeping
• Safety Signage
• Fire Safety
• Electrical Safety
• Means of Access and Egress
• Heavy Equipment
• Lifting Equipment
• Excavation
• Scaffolding
• Ladder
• Safety Inspection
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HOUSEKEEPING
SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING
Disadvantages
Disadvantages of Poor Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Low Morale
Low Productivity
Fire
Good housekeeping means there is a clean and orderly place for everything and
everything is in place.
The 5S
5S of Good Housekee
Housekeepin
pingg
Seiri (Sort/eliminate)
( /organize)
Seiton Systematize
Seiso (Sweep/clean/polish)
Seiketsu (Sanitize/standardize)
Controls
– Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times thru cleanliness of building, yards,
machines and equipment, regular waste disposal and orderly processes, operations, storage
and filling of materials.
SAFETY SIGNAGES
A Sa
Safety Sig n provides information about health and safety at work by means of a
fety Sign
signboard, a safety color and a safety message to a specific object, activity or situati
situation.
on.
D.O. 13 Sect
Sectio
io n 9
Constructi on Safety
Safety Signage
Construction Safety Signage must be provided to warn the workers and the public of
hazards existing in the workplace. Signage shall be posted in prominent
prominent positions at
strategic locations and, as far as practicable, be in the language understandable to most of
the workers employed.
Section
Section 9.
9.1
1 The
The signage should i nclud e but are not limit ed to:
a) Mandatory requirement on the usage of personal protective equipment prior to entry to the
project site.
b) Areas where there areare potential
potential risks of falling o objects.
bjects.
c) Areas wher
where
e there
there are potentia
potentiall risks of falling.
d) Areas where explosives and flammable substances are used and stored.
e) Areas wher
where
e there
there are tripping
tripping or slipping
slipping hazards.
f) Approaches to working areas where danger from toxic or irritant airborne
contaminants/substances may exist which should
indicate the name of the contaminant/ substance
involve and the type of respiratory equipment to be
worn.
g) All places where contact with or proximity to electrical/
facility equipment can cause danger.
h) All places where workers may come into contact with
dangerous
dangerou s moving parts of machineries or equipment.
i) Location of fire alarms and
and fire fighting equipment.
j) equipment.
Instruction on the u
usage
sage of specifi
specificc constructio
construction
n
k) Periodic updating of man-hours lost.
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Safety
Safety Bulletin Board
Bo ard
Mandatory provision of safety and warning signs are reiterated not only for the protection of
workers, but also the public in general. Signs should conform with the standard
requirements of the OSHS.
PPE Safety
Safety Scoreb
Scoreboard
oard
Effective
Effective Visuals
Fire Safety
Fire is the
presence result ofheat.
of enough the chemical combination
If any one of the threeofisa missing,
combustible
a firematerial
will not (fuel) with relationship
start. The oxygen in theis
called fire triangle. It is important that every worker, not only supervisor, knows the main causes of
fire, how fire spreads, how to fight fire, and how to prevent fire.
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Basic Chemist
Chemist ry of Fire
Fuel. Or combustible materials. This includes many substances such as natural gas
(methane), plastics, wood, natural and artificial fibers, paper, coal and other living
matter. Inorganic substances are also combustible, substances like hydrogen,
ammonium nitrate magnesium, phosphorus, sodiumand sulfur.
Oxygen. Fire normally draws its fire through the air, which is a mixture of 21 percent
oxygen and 78 percent nitrogen. 16% of oxygen is needed to sustain fire.
Heat. Sufficient heat to raise the temperature of the fuel surface to a point where
chemical union of the fuel and oxygen occurs. The temperature
tempe rature at which the substance
gives off these vapors or gases in sufficient quantity to be ignited is cal led the “flash
point” of the substance.
Chemical Reaction. Vapors of gases, which are distilled during burning process of a
material, are carried into the flame
Sources of Ignition
Electrical equipment. Hot surfaces produced by defective electrical equipment are a
common source of ignition.
Spontaneous
Spontane ous Ignitio n. If some liquids are heated or sprayed to a very hot surface, it may
ignite spontaneously without a present ignition source.
Spontaneous
Spontane ous Combust ion. Is a type of combustion
combustion which occurs without an external ignition
source. Combustion begins if a sufficiently strong oxidizer,
strong oxidizer, such
such as oxygen, is present.
Smoking. In many workplaces, employees smoking, or other persons smoking in a certain
area, can be a source of fire.
Friction. Sparks can be created by friction, for instance where the moving part of a machine
comes to contact with a fixed part, or two moving surfaces rub each other or slide together
during machine operation.
Vehicle Emissions and Hot Surfaces. In vehicle maintenance, and parking areas,
Engines, Vehicle
diesel-petrol
of ignition. engine, vehicle emissions and hot surfaces like exhaust systems can be a source
Open Flame Sources. Open flame in the workplace such as boilers, furnaces, portable
heating appliances, etc can be also a source of ignition .
Lighting. In limited cases, lighting can be a source of ignition.
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Products of Combustion
Fire Gases. Are the vaporized products o off combustio
combustion?
n?
Flame. Is the visible luminous body of a burning gas, which becomes hotter and less luminous
when it is mixed with increased amounts of oxygen?
Heat. Is the process of energy
energy transfer from one body or system
system due to thermal contact?
Smoke. The Visible product of incomplete combustion.
Phases
Phases of Burni ng
PHASE – fire begins to deplete the room ’s oxygen supply and temperature greatl
FREE BURNING PHASE – greatlyy
increased.
Fire has involved more fuels
•
Heat accumulates
• accumulates at ceiling
SCBA is a must
•
**********************
************************************
*****************************
**************************
*************************
***************************
************************
***********
Reduce the quantity or bulk of the fuel.
Smothering or oxygen removal. Smothering can be achieved by:
Allowing the fire to consume the oxygen while preven
preventing
ting the inward flow of more
oxygen
Adding an inert gas to the burning mixture.
Oxygen levels can be reduced below the minimum (16%) percentage needed for combustion by
purging and rendering the atmosphere inert in closed containers or processing systems.
Cooling or heat source control. The most common means of fire. Water is the most effective
and cheapest medium for fighting a fire.
Classifi
Classifi cations of Fire and
and Extinguish ing Methods
Portable Fire-Fighti
Fire-Fighti ng
These are appliances designed to ba carried and operated by hand. These contains extinguishing
medium which can be expelled by action of internal pressure and directed on to a fire. The maximum
mass of a portable extinguisher in working order is 23kg.
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Water. These operate on the basis of cooling and reducing the temperature
within a fire, slowing down the rate of combustion and preventing reignition from
taking place. Water is the most efficient form of extinguisher for use on Class
A fires.
Foam. Foam applied to a fire has a smothering effect, preventing further air
from reaching the combustion area or seat of the fire.
Carbon dioxide. It produces a snow that is converted to gas in the fire. This
has the effect of slowing down the rate of combustion, reducing the available
oxygen through the smothering effect created.
Dry Chemical. These incorporate a specific powder mixture that interfer
interferes
es with
the combustion process, reducing the combustion rate until no further ignition
and reignition of the fuel can take place. They are designed for Class A and B
fires.
Proper Use
Use of Fire Extinguish ers
The Parts
Parts of the Fire Extin
Extin guisher
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FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE is a chemical reaction between a flammable or combustible material and oxygen.
Classific
Classific ation of Fire
PREVENTION
–Welding
–Cutting
–Friction from Grinding
–Electricity
–Friction
Methods
Methods of Extinguishing Fire
• Removal of Fuel
• Blanketing or Smothering
• Cooling or Quenching
remember the..
Always remember PASS-word
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Electrical Safety
Like any other forms of energy, it can be completely safe provided it is treated and handled with care
and people know the basic principles in its use. Electrical abuse and misuse, however, can result to
serious injuries, fire, damage to plant and equipment, even death.
Every piece of equipment is a potential source of electrical shock. Even an electrical shock small
enough not to cause an injury can trigger an involuntary reaction that may result in physical harm.
Electric accidents are classified into: electric shock caused by contact with charged or leaked parts of
electric facilities; a burn cause by discharge arc, eye injury caused by strong light from arc welding
work; and fire or explosion ignited by overheat, sparks, leakage current, static charges, and the like.
Electricity
Electric ity takes the
the path of least resistance.
resistanc e. This myth implies that current only takes llow ow
resistance paths. Actually,
Actually, current will take any path, high or low resistance in order to return
to the source that provides power.
A person is led to believe that electricity wants to go to ground and simply disappear. In reality,
current uses the ground to get back to its grounded power source.
When an electrical
electrical tool or appliance iis
s into water, it does
does not short ou
out.
t. If the swi
switch
tch is ON, the
item will continue to operate. If it is switched OFF, it will do no harm.
AC reverse polarity is not hazardous. The switch is supposed to be on the “hot” conductor
supplying power to the item.
It takes high voltage to kill; 120 volts AC is not dangerous. Current is. However, AC voltage as
low as 60 volts can kill. At higher
h igher voltage,
voltage, the body can be severely burned and yet the victim
could live.
Double- insulated power tools are doubly safe and can be used in wet and damp locations.
Basic Electrical Terms
Semiconductors - can change their resistance to act as either a conductor or an insulator. They
are used to make computer microchips.
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Electric
Ele Circui t - Any combination of a conductor and a source of electricity connected together to
ctric al Circui
permit electrons to travel in a continuous stream.
stream. Electricity may take multiple paths,
paths, flowing through
all possible circuits. The greatest amount of current will flow through the path of least resistance, or
lowest resistance, or lowest impedance.
Any part
part of your body
body that accidental
accidentally
ly bridge
bridgess the gap bet
between
ween two different voltage llevels
evels create
createss a
new electrical circuit, and your body may provide the path of least resistance to the ground.
Equipment grounding connects all conductive
conductiv e materials that enclose electrical lines. Bypassing
grounds or careless handling of grounding connections can result in electrical fires and fatal accidents
Electric
Ele Shock – is the most serious electrical hazard. This happens when you touch a live wire, a
ctric al Shock –
tool or machine with poor insulation. You then become a conductor. The danger of an electric shock
is not directly related to the voltage, but mainly determined by the following conditions: current value,
type of power supply, duration of electric shock, passage of current and human condition.
The minimum current at which a man feels an electric shock is about 1 mA at 60Hz; the limit current
at which man can endure the pain of an electric shock is about 7 to 8 mA and the maximum current
at which man can still move is about 10 to 15 mA. The heart is particularly the susceptible to electric
shock. The flow of the current disturbs the hearts rhythm, upsetting the blood flow and affecting its
vital functions. When the current increases, the heart shivers and death results in few minutes.
Measure
Measures
s for Preventing
Preventing Electric
Electric Shock Accidents
Accidents or deat
deaths
hs by an el
electric
ectric shock
shock are mostly caused by contact with po
power
wer transmi
transmission
ssion lilines,
nes,
followed
other power by movable
facilities. or portable electric machines and equipment, switches, wiring, capacitors, and
To prevent such accidents, even death, it is necessary to check the electric facilities and put them in
order, and to conduct training for handling electric equipment and working method around electric
facilities.
40 | P age
1. Maintenance
Maintenance and Inspection of ele
electric
ctric faciliti es
Check the wiring,
wiring, movable wires, switches and all electric machines and
equipment if provided with complete insulation cover and enclosures. If you
found out that it is faulty, they must be repaired immediately.
Before using the electric equipment, check the earth conductor is connected
and not damaged and see to it that the earth pole is not floating.
Before using the welding machines, check if the electrode holders, safety
devices and tools such as automatic voltage reducing device for AC welding
machines and leakage circuit breaking equipment for preventing electric
shocks are complete.
Mild Shock
Have the worker sit down
Be sure muscle movement is normal
Check for loss of feeling in any part of the body
Check the pulse rate and breathing
If there
there is no severe p
pain,
ain, tthe
he worker can return to wor
work.
k.
Continuous Shock
Remove the contact of the worker from energized source using wooden chair, broom
handle, plastic pipe or rope.
When you have freed the victim from the power source, assess if the victim’s
v ictim’s condition.
condition.
Check the airway, breathing and pulse. Always bring the victim
v ictim to the doctor for medical
attention
attention after first aid.
Lockout - is blocking the flow of energy from the power source to the equipment- and keeping it
blocked out.
Lockout/ tag out protects you from the unexpected start-up of machines or release of stored energy
during service or maintenance.
6. Verify
a. Energy source is shut down. Blocked off, controlled and locked out
b. Warn everyone in the lockout area and be sure they are moved to a safe place
c. Activate con
controls
trols that might restore
restore power to the machine
machine you are worki
working
ng on
d. If equipment does not start, restore all controls to the OFF position and begin to work
2. Notify Personnel. Notify all employees that LOTO devices are being removed. Remove
employees from the area or make sure they are at a safe distance from the equipment.
3. Devic es. The person who placed each device must be the one to remove it.
Remove LOTO Devic
Someone who placed a LOTO device is not present, notify your supervisor who will follow specific
procedures. Never remove it yourself.
After all devices are removed,
removed, tell invol
involved
ved employees that LOT
LOTO
O is ended and tha
thatt the equipment
is being re-energized.
SAFETY IN LIFTING
L IFTING OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
by people
Manual Material Handling means moving or handling things by lifting, carrying, placing,
pushing, or storing using own physical strength.
CORREC
CORRECT
T MANUAL LIFT BAD MANUAL LIFT
Mechanical
Mechanical Handli
Handli ng Classification
• Manually Powered
Push Cart
•
Hand Pallet
•
• Motor/Pneumatic/Hydr
Motor/Pneumatic/Hydraulic
aulic driven
Lifting Equipment
•
Hoist
•
Cranes
•
Transport Equipment
•
forklift
•
tractor
•
dump truck
•
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How Do
Do Accidents Occur?
Instability – unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not level or too soft
Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from the crane operator or
not in full view of the operator
Lack of training
Inadequate
Inadequate maintenance
maintenance or i nspection
Haza
Hazards
rds in Crane Operatio
Operatio ns
Structural failure
Overloading
Instability
Falling or slipping load
Electrical Hazards
Rigging
Sling Inspection
Broken Wires
Abrasion
Crushed Strands
Corrosion
Kinks
45 | P age
Safety
Safety Insp
Inspection
ection
Purposes of Safety
Safety Inspection
• Eliminate Hazards
• Assess Effectiveness of OSH Program
• Display Visible Management Commitment to Safety
• Establish Accountability
• Identify Training Needs
• Fulfill Legal Obligations
Types
Types of Inspection
Continuous Inspection
Inspection
a process conducted as part of their job responsibilities in noting and correcting
potential danger
Period
Period ic/Interval
ic/Interval Inspectio n
a systematic process with specific intervals and widely regarded as “real” safety and
health inspection
Intermittent/Emergency
Intermittent/Emergency Inspection
an unscheduled inspection may be
Aftt er Insp
Af In spect
ectio
io n
Corrective Actions
Module 4:
4: De
Demol
moliti
iti on Sa
Safety
fety
DEMOLITION
Why Plan?
key structural members are weakened or removed, causing the whole part of the
structure to collapse
Method
Method of Demolition
Demolished Materials
Haza
Hazards
rds As sociated wit h Demoli
Demoli tion
Shock
Falls
Manual
Manual Handling
Using equipment
Operating equipment
Manual demolition
Lifting material
Clearing up
Loading trucks/bins
48 | P age
Hazardous Substances
Dangerous
Dangerous Goods
Flammable liquids/ vapors and sludge from industrial process and confined space
Noise and
and Vibration
Equipment
Electric
Electric Shocks
Fires and
and Explosio ns
Equipment
Flying particles
e hazards
49 | P age
Isolation
Personal
Personal Protective Equipment
Module 5 Excavati
Excavation
on Safe
afety
ty
Excavation
Is any man-made cut, cavity or depression
in an earth surface that is formed by earth
e arth
removal
Trench
• is a narrow e
excavation
xcavation where the depth iiss greate
greaterr than its wi
width,
dth, and the width
measured at the bottom is not greater than 15 ft.
Haza
Hazards
rds of Excavation Wor
Works
ks
• Soil Collapse
• Falls
• Vehicular Traffic
• Underground Utilities
• Working Surface
• Confined Space Conditions
50 | P age
Principal Causes
Causes of Soil Collapse
Prevention
Prevention of Soil Collapse
Collapse
Prevention
Prevention of Soil Collapse
Cut the slope at a safe angle (H:V)
•
Type C - 1½ :1 or 34°
The walls of every excavation over 1 meter deep shall be supported by adequate shor
shoring…
ing…
52 | P age
Falls
• Minimum Berm
- not less than one third of the depth of the excavation
- may be reduced to nonott les
lesss than 1 meter provided that m
materials
aterials are stable,
shoring and barriers are present
(Per Rule 1413 of the OSHS)
Surface Crossi
Crossi ng of Trenches
Vehicul
Vehicul ar Traffic
Underground Utilities
• Determine location of
underground facilities and take
necessary steps to prevent
damage to these facilities.
• In an open ex
excavation,
cavation, support, protect or remove underground installation.
Working Surface
Groundwaterr Control
Groundwate
Single-sided
Single-sided Well
Well Point Double-sided
Double-sided Well
Well Point
Haza
Hazardous
rdous Atmosph ere:
ere:
Excavation
Excavation in con fined space
Prior to opening
Check excavation permit
Identify all underground installations
Remove trees, boulders, stumps, other surface encumbrances and hazards
before starting excavation
• During operations
Wear appropriate PPE
Give special attention to side slopes that are adversely affected by weather,
moisture content or vibration
Safe working distance between workers
Maintain guardrails, fences, or other barricades and warning lights
• During break time, workmen should never stand o orr take rest on high ba
banks
nks of soft
material
• Do not leave tools
tools,, mater
materials,
ials, or debris in walkways, ramps, or near the edge of
excavations
• Do not use guardrails as resting place
Inspection
Rule 1413 of the OSHS states that excavation shall be inspected at least once everyday.
Module
Modul e6
6:: Hea
Heavy
vy Equ
Equip
ipment
ment Safety
Many types
types of mobile constr
construction
uction heavy equipment are being used in a construction
site doing a wide variety of work. Most of these machines operate within close
proximity to persons on foot. With this, many people are exposed to hazards
associated with this equipment.
1. Management Commitment
Restrict entry onto site of non-essential personnel.
Establish Controlled Entry Points to site.
Coordinate Operations of Various Trades Working in the Same Areas.
Provide Fundamental Site Rules and Training to al alll Persons at R
Risk.
isk.
Adequate Lay-Down Areas Established.
2. Employee Involvement
All must receive basic orientation.
Attend operator’
operator’s
s Tool Box Meetings
Box Meetings
Must learn, follow, and obey established Safety rules.
Realize that they must see and be seen.
b. Workers as signalers
3. Pre
Pre-C
-Cons
ons truc tion Job Ha
Haza
zard
rd Analysis
4. HAZARD PREVENTION
PREVENTION and CONTRO
CONTROL
LS
5. Equipment maintenance
Duly certified mechanics and operators shall conduct daily routine inspection
Inspect before operation
Check instrumentation
Check safety devices; horns, lights
Warm up and make trial run
Keep machine clean
Be aware of abnormalities
1. AUTHORIZED OPERATOR
AUTHORIZED
Qualified with license
Well trained
Good physical condition
3. Physical Condition
4. SAFETY RULES
Check job site condition
57 | P age
Soil condition
Working near utilities
5. SALIENT POINTS
HE Operators be tested and certified
All Heavy Equipment
Equipment test
tested
ed and certified
6. Al
Alert
ertnes
nesss
The Most Dangerous Movement is Backing!
Small MMachines
achines hhave
ave sm
small
all bli
blind
nd spots, where large ma
machines
chines have large blind
spots, both can cause serious injury or death!
The taller and wider the machine, the bigger the bblind
lind sspot
pot area.
8. Ap
Appr
pr op ri ate Use
CONCERNED PERSONNEL
Equipment Operator
Workers on foot
Spotters
Management people and supervisors
Other construction site personnel
58 | P age
Unsecured loads
Improvised attachments
Blind spot.
Wearing of high visibility vests (or equivalent) and other appropriate PPE’s.
Keep a safe distance from heavy equipment
Know the equipment’s blind spots. Never assume that the equipment operator sees
you
Never
Watch ride on swinging
out for the steps parts.
or drawbars of any equipment.
SPOTTER RESPONSIBILITIES
OPERATOR AUTHORIZATION
Se
Secti
cti on 7.2
“The General Constructor must provide for one (1) Construction Safety and Health Officer
for every ten (10) units of heavy equipment assigned to the project site, to oversee the
effective compliance with the Construction Safety and Health Program at the construction
project site, in terms of heavy equipment utilization and maintenance”
Section 10.1-a
“All heavy equipment operators assigned at the project site must be tested and certified in
accordance with a standard trade test prescribed by TESDA in coordination with its
accredited organization/s”
Section 10.2.4-a
“Only duly certified operators shall be allowed to operate their designated heavy equipment”
5 BASIC
B ASIC GUIDELINES ON HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION
OPERATION
Module
Modul e7
7:: Crane S
Safety
afety
Particular hazards exist when operating mobile cranes. Operators, and personnel in the
vicinity of the operating cranes must be alert to the potential for injury and\or damage at all
times. These hazards include but not limited to:
Collision of the crane jib or its load, with personnel, equipment or buildings,
Contact with live aerial conductors (overhead power lines),
Overturning of the crane during lift,
Introduction of a source of ignition to a haz
hazardous
ardous area,
Damage to underground services.
PROXIMITY HAZARDS
(a) Overhead
(b) Nearby power lines.
structures or other cranes.
(c) Excavations.
(d) Fixed hazards.
(e) Personnel movement within the crane working area.
(f) Mobile equipment movement within the crane working area.
(g) Public access areas including roadways, railways and rivers.
(h) The effects of electromagneti
electromagneticc radiation (EMR) (e.g., busbars, strobe lights, induction
furnaces, welding) on radio, infra-red or electronic controls.
CLEARANCES
Where two or more cranes work within a site, or share the same air space, procedures shall
be established to maintain sufficient clearances to prevent contact between parts of the
cranes and crane loads except where multiple crane lifting is carried out . When cranes
operate on adjacent sites and may share the same air space, negotiations shall be carried
out to formulate procedures to ensure sufficient clearances are maintained between the
cranes.
LOADING
Crane operators must understand and check the weight or load charts applicable to the crane
to be used. Weights should be marked on loads, contained on manifests or shown on
drawings. If the load weight is not available, estimate the weight (using weight charts or
tables) and include the weight of lifting beams, chains, slings, block and hook.(Hook could
weigh up to 1 tonne on a 50 tonne crane). Note: All cranes with capacity of 16 tonne and
upwards have a load indicator in the cab.
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CRANE STABILITY
STAB ILITY DURING
DURING ERECTIONAND DISMANTLING PROCEDURES
PROCEDURES
Precautions shall be taken when erecting and dismantling a crane to ensure that the stability
of the crane is maintained. In particular, the following procedures shall be followed where
applicable:
Only parts and components meeting the manufacturer’s specification shall be used.
Jointing pins shall be assembled so that they can be removed
re moved by a person standing on the
outside of the assembly.
All outrigger jacks shall be fitted with foot plates according to manufacturer’s instructions.
All outrigger jacks shall be fitted and adjusted in accordance with the operating instructions.
The correct amount of counterweight shall be fitted on the crane and at the appropriate
location before the boom or jib is raised.
When the operating length of boom or jib is reduced, the specified counterweight shall be
removed to ensure that the backward stability of the crane is not adversely affected.
Appropriate precautions shall be taken before a long boom is lowered to the ground level.
To maintain the best margin of stability when a long boom is raised or lowered to the ground
level, the hook blocks shall be lowered and rested on the ground before the Boom or jib is
lowered.
Where timbers are used under outrigger footplates, they shall be arranged so that
successive layers are laid at 90o to each other (pig sty fashion) so that the top layer is in line
with the outrigger arm.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Module
Modul e 8: H
Hand
and and Portabl
Portablee Power T
Too
ools
ls
The Supervisor is primarily responsible for en
ensuring
suring the sa
safe
fe use of tools.
The use of han
handd and portable power tools m must
ust b
be
e accomp
accompanied
anied with proper
orientation.
The use of righ
rightt tools for the job elimi
eliminates
nates potential hazards th
thus
us ensuring quality o
off
work.
Hand
Hand too l accide
accidents
nts fro m;
Human carelessness
Not knowing the right tool for the job
Ignorance of safety precautions
Failure to maintain/keep the tools properly
Not instructed for the correct usage
Wheel Breaking
Leaving airline w
where
here it may cause tripping hazard of be dam
damaged
aged by traffic
Leaving tool with air supply switched on
Disconnecting the hose from the tool using it to clean ma
machine
chine or clothing.
Squeezing the trigger before reaching the work
CARTRIDGE TOOLS
Used for fas
fastening
tening fi
fixtures
xtures and material
materialss to metal, pre-cast, p
pre-stressed
re-stressed concrete,
masonry, block, brick, stone and wood surfaces
Instructions for use, handling and sto
storage
rage must be available o onn hand
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DANGERS
Free shots
Ricochet
Atmosphere causing explosion
Projectiles fired through the work
SAFETY TIPS
Do not use if your hands are wet or iiff standing on wet surfaces
Make sure that you know how to use the tool properly
If tools are misused, iitt can result iin
n injury or spoiled work
COMMON ERGONOMIC
INJURIES
Osteo-arthritis
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tendonitis
Cellulitis
Tenosynovitis
Epicondylitis
Tension Neck/Shoulder
Ganglion
TAKE NOTE!
The injury/disease caused by poorly designed or unsuitable tools and work stations often develop
slowly over a period of months or years.
However, a worker will usually have some signs and symptoms for a long period of time indicating
that something is wrong.
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Module
Modul e9
9:: Sca
Scaff
ffol
oldi
ding
ng Sa
Safety
fety DO. 128
128 –
–13
13 (Amendment t o OSHS
Rules 1414)
1414)
COURSE
COUR SE OBJECTIVES
OB JECTIVES
This training will further enhance the knowledge and skills of the participants on Scaffolds Safety
including erection/installation and inspection of Scaffolds, working safety on heights including rescue
and basic standard safety procedures on handling ladders and eventual certification from TESDA NC
II as Scaffold Erector and competent person in compliance to Department Order No. 128-13 of the
Department of Labor and Employment .
SCAFFOLD means any temporary elevated platform (made of timber, metal or bamboo )
and its supporting structure (including points of anchorage) used for supporting employees
e mployees
or materials or both in the course of any construction works, including maintenance and
demolition works.
Function
As a wo rk
rkin
ing
g plat
p latff orm
or m
• So that the w
worker
orker ccan
an sta
stand
nd on the platform to do their wo
workrk easi
easily
ly and
safely
• So that the w
workers
orkers can pplace
lace their mate
materials
rials and logis
logistics
tics to ca
carry
rry out
their job
As a platf
pl atfor
ormm and
an d w alkin
alk ing
g p assage
ass age
• Scaffolding support the platform used by the worker as their walking
path to transport the material and logistics
Classification of Scaffolds
Supported Scaffolds
Suspended Scaffolds
Supported Scaffold
Scaffold s are platforms supported by legs, outrigger, beams, brackets,
poles, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid support.
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Frame
Frame or fabricated scaffolds
the most common type of scaffold because they are versatile, economical, and easy to
use.
frequently usused
ed in one or two tiers by residential ccontractors,
ontractors, painters, etc., but their
modular frames can also be stacked several stories high for use on large-scale
l arge-scale
construction jobs.
Mobile scaffolds
designed to be easily moved and are commonly used for things like painting and
plastering, where workers must frequently change position
Tube and
and coupl er scaffol
scaffol ds
Pole scaffolds
Are types of supported scaffold in which every structural
component, from uprights to braces to platforms, is made of
wood. Cannot
fashioned and easily be reused,
are rarely used and considered old-
today.
Suspended Scaffolds
Suspended
Suspende Scaffol ds contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-
d Scaffol
rigid means from an overhead structure.
Hung by ropes or cables connected to stirrups at each end of the platform, they are
typically used by window washers on skyscrap
skyscrapers.
ers.
Single-point Adjustable
consists of a platform sus
suspended
pended by one rope from an overhead support and equipped
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with means to permit the movement of the platform to desired work levels.
The most common among these is the scaffold used by window washer
washerss to clean the
outside of a skyscraper (also known as a boatswain's chair).
Suspended
Suspended Scaffolds:
Support Device rest on surfaces capable of supporting
supporting at least four times the load
imposed
Counterweights
o Must be able to resi
resist
st at least fou
fourr times the tipping moment
o Secured mechanically to outrigger arm
Haza
Hazards
rds in th e U
Use
se of Scaffolds
Scaffold s
Falls
Struckfrom elevation
by falling tools / debr
debris
is
Scaffold collapse
Electrocution
Recomm
Re Measures
comm ended Contro l Measures
Falls
Fa elevation
lls from elevation
• Use guardrails
• Must be fully planked
• Use fall arrest systems
Scaffol
Scaffol d coll apse
• Proper scaffold construction
Firm foundation
•
Electrocution
Observe clearance/distances required between power lines and scaffolding
• De-energize the lines
• Install protective covering
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Cleara
Clearance
nce fro m Power Lin es
Mobile Scaffold
Scaffold s
Three Stages
Stages of Scaffolding
1. Building Scaffolds
2. Using Scaffolds
3. Removing / Dismantling Scaffolds
4.
Stage
Stage 1:
1: Bui ldin g Scaffold
Scaffold s
Stairs/ Ladders
Frame scaffolds
Platforms are fully planked
5. Fall protection systems and falling object protection
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Platform
No paint on wood platforms
•
Use scaffold grade wood
•
Fully planked between front upright and guardrail support
•
•
Component pieces used m must
ust match and be of the same type
Erect on stable and level ground
•
Platform Ends
Platform
Proper Scaffold
Scaffold Access
Provide ac
access
cess w
when
hen scaffol
scaffold
d platforms are more than 2 feet above or bel
below
ow a point
of access
Permitt
Permitt ed types of access:
Ladders, such
such as por
portable,
table, hook-on, attachable, stairway type, and buil
built-ins
t-ins
Stair towers
Ramps and walkways
May use building stairs and come out window
Acce
Ac cess
ss
No access by crossbraces
When us
using
ing ladders, bottom rung n
no
o mo
more
re than 24 iinches
nches high
Can use some end frames
Can access from another scaffold, structure or hoist
Stage
Stage 2: Using Scaffol
Scaffol ds
Scaffold Inspection
Competent person inspects scaffolds for visible defects before each shift and after any
alterations
Defective parts must be immediately
immediately repaired
Provide Scaffold tags
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Stage
Stage 3: Removing
Removing / Dismantli ng of Scaffolds
Falls
Falling Objects
Scaffold Collapse
SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGIES DEFINITIONS
Mudsills - A minimum 50 mm x 250 mm (2" x 10") wood plank or other device used to
support the scaffold frame base plates or other support devices.
Base Plates - A device used to support and distribute the leg load of a scaffold
system sized according to the manufacturer’s specification.
Outrigger Stabilizers - A device used to extend the support length at the base of the
scaffolding in order to provide stability against overturning.
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Guardrail - A rail secured to uprights and erected along the exposed sides and ends of
platforms.
Fall Arrest Systems - A fall protection system that prevents serious injury or death of
a worker due to a fall, usually consisting of a full body harness secured to a lanyard
lany ard
and lifeline.
Plumbness - Ensuring that the scaffold is balanced and erected at a 90-degree ang
angle
le
straight up from a level surface.
Swivel Coupler - A load bearing fitting which rotates so that tubes can be joined at
any angle. Mainly used to connect braces to standards.
Double Coupler - Also referred to as right angle or 90? Couplers. Used to join tubes at
right angles where maximum load carrying capacity is required. Double couplers must
always be used to join ledgers and standards together.
Putlog Coupler - A fitting used for fixing putlogs to ledgers.The fitting must not be
used to join ledgers and standards together
tog ether or in any load bearing situations.
Sleeve coupler
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Transoms [Bearer]
Overlap platforms not less than 12” only over supports, unless restrained to
prevent movement, i.e.” Cleating”.
The working deck should never be more than 14” away from the working surface.
Toe board - A barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform to guard against
the falling of materials or tools.
RESPONSIBIL
RESPONSIBILITIES/D
ITIES/DESIGN
ESIGN APPROVALS
Management / Employers:
Ensure that proper scaffolding material and equipment is provided at the project site.
Workers:
Ensure that they follow safe work procedures and use all necessary
n ecessary equipment and
any necessary personal protective devices when erecting and
an d using scaffold
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systems. Workers must also take care to protect other workers when working on
systems.
scaffolding.
Design Approvals
All manufacture
manufactured
d scaffolds
scaffolds and its
its accessories
accessories shall
shall follow the
the manufacturer’s
manufacturer’s design
design
and specification. Technical properties and data of such manufactured scaffolds shall
be design by structural engineer and approved by appropriate authority.
Scaffold Competent Person - The employer shall designate a competent person, who
shall be responsible for determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall
protection for personnel erecting, installing or dismantling scaffolds.
Competent Person
COSH Training Certificate from DOLE or its accredited safety training organization.
Scaffold Erector
One Day Workers Safety Orientation from DOLE or its accredited safety
training organization.
Must be a holder of TESDA
T ESDA prescribed Scaffold Erection NC II.
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INSPECTION
Because of severe weather conditions, the scaffold system shall be inspected on a regular
reg ular
Basic Consid
Consid eration
eration
The weight of workers, tools, materials and equipment to be carried by the scaffold
system (safe work load)
Site conditions (interior, exterior, backfill, concrete floors, type and condition of walls,
access for the equipment, variations in elevation, anchorage points, etc.)
Height to which the scaffold may be erected (overhead power lines, tie-backs
Type of work that will be done from the scaffold (masonry work, sandblasting, painting,
metal siding, mechanical installation, suspended ceiling installation)
i nstallation)
Duration of work
Weather conditions, including wind
Requirements for pedestrian traffic through and under the scaffold area
Means of access to the scaffold
Configuration of the building or structure being worked on
Wind speed limit is 48kph (DO 128) and 40kph (International Practice)
SCAFFOLD CAPACITY
Scaffolds must be capable of supporting its own weight and at least 4x the expected load.
Expected load includes:= 4xLive Load + Dead Load
Etc.
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
Tube and Coupler Ladder Jack Scaffolds
System Scaffold Trestle Ladder Scaffold
Frame Scaffolds Carpenters Bracket Scaffold
Cantilever Scaffold Hanging Scaffold System
Rustgo Manual Work
Hanging Scaffold Platform
Tower Scaffold Horse Scaffolds
Shoring Scaffold Adjustable Scaffolds
Scaffold Public Protection Scissor Lifts
“Stick -Built” Pole Scaffold Aerial Lifts
Two-Point Suspended
Pump Jack Scaffolds Scaffolds
Scaffold Location
Checking the scaffold location thoroughly beforehand will eliminate many of the problems
that develop during construction and will allow erection to proceed smoothly, efficiently
and safely.
Overloading
Scaffold platforms are one of the most frequent violations of good scaffold practice.
Housekeeping
Scaffold decks are usually small, narrow and confined. Tools and materials to be used
should be stored in an orderly fashion. Debris and waste materials should not be allowed
to collect on the platform.
Safe
Safe Scaffold
Scaffol d Use
Do not use damaged parts that affect the strength of the scaffold.
Do not allow employees to work on scaffolds when they are feeling weak, sick, or dizzy.
Do not work from any part of the scaffold other than the platform.
Do not alter the scaffold.
Do not move a scaffold horizontally while workers are on it, unless it is a mobile scaffold
and the proper procedures are followed.
Do not allow employees to work on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other
slippery materials.
Do not erect, use, alter, or move scaffolds within 10 feet of overhead power lines.
Do not use shore or lean-to scaffolds.
Do not swing loads near or on scaffolds unless you use a tag line.
Do not work on scaffolds in bad weather or high winds unless the competent person
decides that doing so is safe.
Do not use ladders, boxes, barrels, or other makeshift contraptions to raise your work
height.
Do not let extra material build up on the platforms.
Do not put more weight on a scaffold than it is designed to hold.
SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION
INSPECTION
Scaffold systems
systems and components should be b e inspected before each use to ensure
structural stability.
stability. Some main areas to check for include:
Compatibility of components.
All components
components from tthe
he same manufactu
manufacturer
rer
mud sills when needed
Erection, dismantle, alteration done under Complete decking from front to back on all working
Scaffold must be designed to hold four times Tie-ins set once the height of the scaffold exceeds
the four
intended working load (safety factor of “4”) times the minimum base dimension
surfaces 12”
Overhead protection for other trades or Pre-shift inspection of all motorized components,
SCAFFTAG SYSTEM
Contractor annually checks scaffolding material for wear / rusting etc. & certifies the
material for usability by changing color
1st year - Red
2nd year -Yellow
3rd year - Blue
4th year - Red
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Module
Modul e 10
10:: Pe
Pers
rson
onal
al Protect
Protective
ive Equip
Equipment
ment ((PP
PPE)
E)
If a hazard is identified in a workplace, every effort should be made to eliminate it so that all
employees are not harmed in anyway. One way of reducing or controlling hazard is to isolate the
process, which is engineering control. The second is to control the hazard by administrative
control, like increased breaks, shifting, so on. If the two controls of hazards cannot be done, the
use of Personal Protective Equipment or PPE is necessary.
PPE usage is considered the last resort . PPE can provide added protection to the employee but
will not eliminate the hazard.
Role of Management
Benefits of PPE
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Haza
Hazard
rd Identif
Identif ication
Agent
Physical Characteristic
Route of Entry
PPE
PPE Program
Program is compo sed of the foll owing elements:
elements:
1. Selection
2. Fitting
When first issued, the user should also be trained to check the fit whenever the
equipment is used.
Ensure an adequate fit under supervision
3. Health
Health Aspects
Use of PPE can have an impact on an employee’s health (e.g. skin irritation, heat
stress)
A number of medical conditions may make it difficu
difficultlt to use certain equipment
equipm ent
4. Compatibility
If more than one type of PPE
PPE is
is required to be worn simultaneously, then the
harmony of the individual items needs to be evaluated.
The PPE also needs to be compatible with the task involved
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5. Issue
Provision should be made to control the issue of PPE to employees,
remembering that several types of equipment may be available.
PPE should be issued on a personal basis to individual employees. Apart from
hygiene considerations, employees are then more willing to accept responsibility
for the care and maintenance of the equipment.
A system requiring employees to sign for certain types of equipment is
recommended and can provide another check on the use of correct equipment.
6. Proper Use
PPE is effective if worn properly for the appropriate task
Use of PPE by Supervisor encourages employees & enforces PPE program
equipment that can provide complete protection, but which is not properly used,
may provide no protection at all
Employees should be prevented from taking used PPE for domestic purposes
7. Maint
Maint enance (Cleaning
(Cleaning and Storage)
Depending on type of equipment used, procedures need need to be established for
its cleaning and maintenance when necessary
Exempted here are single use (disposable) items
Occasionally, during use, PPE may become contaminated with toxic materials.
Provision should be made to prevent contamination with other areas of the
workplace or employees engaged in cleaning or maintenance activities.
Respirators can be placed in suitably labeled containers until sent for cleaning.
8. Disposal
Used PPE can be contaminated with toxic agents and disposal procedures
need careful consideration.
consideration . Depending on the circumstances, equipment may
need to be treated as toxic waste
10. Supervision
A PPE program is unlikely to be successful unless the first
first line supervisory personnel are
knowledgeable and held accountable for effective use of PPE
Supervisors must set an example by wearing PPE as as appropriate and ensure its use by
others as required
11. Reviews
Periodic evaluation to confirm that the agreed procedures are appropriate and
being followed:
Formal audit carried out by a third party with specialist advisers
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12. Checklist
to ensure
ensure use
use of properly
properly fitted, effective PPE fo forr specific
specific jobs
It must be remembered that PPE is
is the last line of defense, hence, iits
ts
effectiveness
effectiveness may be crucial to the health of the workers
PPE
PPE and
and their Classification s
Head Protection
Face Protection
o Helmets
o Shields and Goggles
o Hoods
Eye Protection
o Contact Lenses
o Goggles
Earr Protection
Ea
o Earplug
o Muff Devices
Respiratory
Respiratory Protection
o Air Purifying Device
o Mechanical Filter Respirator
o Chemical Cartridge Respirators
Respirators
o Gas Masks
o Hose Masks
o Air Supplied
Supplied Respirators
o Abrasive Blasting Helmets
o Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Arms
Ar ms , Hands,
Hand s, Fing
Fi ngers
ers
o Heat Resistant Gloves- used to protect against burns and discomfort
when the hands are exposed to sustained conductive heat.
o Metal Mesh Gloves- used by those who work constantly with knives to
protect against cuts and blows from sharp or rough object.
o Rubber Gloves- Worn by electricia
electricians
ns
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Feet, Legs
o Metal Free shoes, boots and other footwear- are available for use where
there are specific electrical hazards or fire explosion hazards
o Congress or gaiter-type shoes- are used to protect people from splashes
of molten metal or from welding sparks.
o Reinforced or inner
inner soles of fl
flexible
exible metal- are buil
builtt into shoe
shoess worn in
areas where there are hazards from protruding nails and when the
likelihood of contact with energized electrical equipment is remote, as in
the construction industry
o For wet work- leather shoes with wood soles or wood soled sandals are
effective
o Safety Shoes with Metatarsal Guards
o Leg Protection- Encircle the leg from ankle to knee and have a flap at the
bottom to protect the instep and the entire leg.
Hard hat
Provides protection from impact and penetration caused by objects hitting the head, and from
limited electrical shock or burns.
Bump Cap
Provides protection from minor bumps, bruises and lacerations in work settings where hard hat
protection is not required.
Non-Conductin
Non-C Material - serve as an insulator against electrical shocks\
onductin g Material
Major
Major parts of a HARD HAT
SHELL
SUSPENSION SYSTEM
- a strap assembly that acts as a shock absorber against the force of a blow (normally one inch)
BRIM OR VISOR
- protects the face from blows, splashes, spills, dirt, rain or the sun
1. Class
Class E (Electr
(Electr ical)
-tested at 20,000 volts
2. Class G (General)
-tested at 2,200 volts
3. C
Class
lass C (Condu
(Condu cti ve)
-no protection from electrical conductors
Protection
1. SPECTACLES
2. GOGGLES
3. FACE SHIELD
Face shield is used when the entire face area needs protection. Worn over goggles
for extra protection.
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Hearing Protectors:
Types of Hearing
1. Earplugs
Respirators
Two Types of Respirators
Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) - Provides fresh air from a remote source to the breathing area.
Ai
Airr Pu ri fy in g Respi
Res pi rat or (APR) - Removes contaminates before reaching breathing zone,
rator
either trap particulates or neutralize or absorb gases and vapors
Limitations of PPE: Only protects the person wearing the equipment not others nearby.
Relies on people wearing the equipment at all times. Must be used properly . Must be
replaced when it no longer offers the correct level of protection. This is required when
respiratory protection is used.
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Modu
odule
le 1
11:
1: E
Emergency
mergency Prepa
Preparedness
redness in Constr
Construct
uction
ion
The potential for emergencies and disasters to happen at all plant facilities, even
at home can be devastating in terms of casualties, business interruptions, loss of
capital investments, etc. These events cannot be avoided but the management
can reduce their frequency of occurrence and severity of damage when effective
preparation and planning is done. No matter
matte r how committed an industrial compa
companyny
may be in terms of occupational safety and health program implementation, the
probability of an emergency may arise at the least expected times. This module
will help employees to make decisions and take appropriate actions to keep a
victim alive, keep injuries becoming worse and how prepare in case of an
emergency.
Disaster
Sudden, calamitous event bringing wide spread damage or suffering, loss or
destruction and great misfortune, often arriving without forewarning.
Design
Design plans
Will provide established procedures and guidelines for the management and staff to
follow in the event of disaster.
Communications
General Emergencies
Evacuation Procedures
Natural Emergencies
Man-made Emergencies
Consideration for Emergencies
Disaster Recovery
Respo
Respo nse Plan Provide Guidelines
Guidelines
Protect lives and properties
Improve preparedness in the event of an emergency or disaster
Provide for orderly and efficient transition from normal to emergency operation
Reduce losses associated with emergencies through improved enterprise resources
Assign emergency
emergency au
authority
thority
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Assign emergency
emergency re
responsib
sponsibility
ility
Improve safety awareness, emergency and disaster readiness
A
App p lic
li c at
atio
io n o f th
t h is p la
lann
Man Made
Made Emergenci es
• Hazardous material
• Transportation accident
• Terrorism
• Sabotage
• Kidnapping
• Fire
Natural Emergencies
• Typhoons
• Flood
• Earthquake
A
A.. Com mu n ic at
atio
io n
External Internal
- Telephone - two-way radio - personal contact
B. General
General Emergenc y Plan
1. Warning
Warning from Outsi de Agencies
Agencies
Warning of a severe weather, typhoons, floods, volcanic eruptions or other
emergencies which can be foretold by gov’t.
2. Warning
Warning fr om Within
It is the responsibility of the Building Captain, head of Communications
& Security in the ERT organization to notify all personnel and visitors
when it is necessary to evacuate the facility/building or go directly to
PAP.
3. PAP (Perso
(Perso nnel/Pre-designated Assembl y Point)
Personnel and visitors will immediately proceed to this area.
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5. Special Duties
Each head of department shall take notice of their
personnel’s attendance when each drill is conducted.
Upon arrival at the pre- designated assembly point, the
department head shall count their personnel to assure
assu re that
all are accounted.
The evacuation plan provides for checking of restrooms,
vacant rooms, specialty rooms and elevator to ensure that
all persons are aware and are heeding the warning.
Each employee is assigned during his/her shift certain
task to conduct closing doors, windows, and turning off
lights in a disaster.
ERT member from maintenance personnel shall shut off
electricity in an emergency and report for further
assignment.
6. Employees
C. EVACUATION PROCEDURE
1. Employee seated near windows shall secure that the windows are close.
2. Any employee next to a restroom or vacant room shall check that room and, if
anyone is there, instruct that person(s) to proceed to the PAP.
3. Employees are not to take anything with them unless ordered by the Area Marshall
for important documents or in case of fire.
4. Employee closest to the doors/stairways will leave first; then the last person out of
the room will close
c lose the door.
5. Employees should move quickly and safely as possible without creating more
hazards than already encountered.
6. Keep calm and listen for information or instructions.
7. If primary exits are blocked, for any reason, then go to an alternative exit.
8. Department heads should account for all his/her personnel.
9. If a fire is in the corridor just outside the room or close enough to the exit route, then
close the door block all gaps around the door until a move can be decided.
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D. Considerations
Considerations for Eme
Emergency
rgency Operations
I. Direction and Control.
Use of Emergency Response Team for emergency operation. To facilitate
policy making, coordination and control of operating force in a large scale
situation.
Asp ect s:
• Indicate in-charge of each emergency
• Determine when to issue order to evacuate the facility
• Identify individual responsibility for issuing evacuation orders and how it will
be announced.
• Chain of command to assure continuous leadership, authority and
responsibility in key positions.
• Assignment of operational
operational and administrative
administrative support for emergency
response.
II. Emergency
Emergency Information
Facility Shutdown
Aspec
As pec ts :
Indicate under what conditions shutdown must
occurred to be considered
Identify authority to shutdown
Complete checklist for shutdown
Diagrams to show where to turn everything off
III. Communication.
-Establishing, using, maintaining and providing back up for all channels of
communications needed for emergency response and recovery.
Aspec
As pec ts :
o Primary and back up communication with generator or extra batteries.
o Two way response radio communication between Bldg. Captain and Group
A well
w ell -organ
-or gan ized emergen
emer gency
cy pr oc edure
edu re tak es acco
ac co unt
un t of
o f fou
f ou r s tages:
tag es:
Preliminary action- the most important part of the emergency procedure o
The preparation of a plan tailored to meet the specific requirements of the
site, products and surroundings
o Briefing of employees on details of the plan, including the position of
essential equipment
o The training of personnel involved and appointment of competent persons
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The emergency
emergency plan should possess the followin g provisi ons:
– is the immediate care given to a victim who has been injured or suddenly
FIRST AID –
taken ill.
1. Serves as the bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.
2. He is not to compete with nor take the place of the physician.
3. He will assist the physician when he arrives.
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FIRST
FIRST AID for c los ed wounds :
– ice application provided to the affected portion of the body.
I –
– splint or immobilize
S –
FIRST
FIRST AID
AID for open wou nds :
C –
– control
control bleeding
C –
– cover
cover wound with dressing
C –
– care
care for shock
C –
– consult
consult or refer to physician
EVACUATION
On hearing the alarm signal, gather vital personal effects
effects and go for the nearest exit near
you.
Go to the assembly area at the open field assigned near your present location If you are
away from normal work floor, obey instructions from that floor. Do not attempt to return
to your own floor Security will take any other action.
BOMB THREAT
If a bomb or suspicious object is discovered – do not touch it, clear the area Notify
security office
Prevent other personnel from going into the area
Security will take any other action required
QUESTIONS TO ASK…
When
Whereisisthe bomb
it right
r ight going to explode?
now?
What does it look like?
What kind of bomb is it?
What will cause the bomb to explode?
Who place the bomb?
Why?
Where are you?
What is your name?
DO NOT HANG UP THE PHONE!
SECURITY
Most Senior Security Officer on-duty shall respond when an emergency arising from fire,
earthquake and explosions occurs upon notice given by the Chief Marshal
The compound shall be cordoned to prevent u nauthorized person’s entry
Security Officers shall supervise crowd control to prevent employees and looters around
the affected area.
Follow the safe and orderly evacuations of employees to the assembly area.
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Modu
odule
le 1
12:
2: W
Work
orking
ing at H
He
eigh
ights
ts / F
Fall
all Protection
Construction work is traditionally a hazardous occupation, wherein various work phases
involved have its own corresponding
corresponding hazards.
hazards. Since majority of the work is located in high p
places,
laces,
falls are so significant and need a lot of attention. Most falling accidents could be traced in
excavation, scaffolding, ladder, temporary structure, roofing and opening. Likewise, alarming, are
falling materials that cause damage to properties and even serious injuries and death to
pedestrians.
pedestri ans. Amidst these risi
rising
ng falling accidents, ther
there
e is indeed an ever-growing need
need for fall
protection principles and concepts in the construction industry.
Evaluating
Evaluating the Risk
Categor
Categories
ies of Fall
Fall Haza
Hazards
rds
1. Fa
Falls elevation
lls from elevation
Scaffolds
Ladders
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Roof
Elevated workplaces
Floor openings
Leading edges
2. Fa
Fallll o n th e same level
level
Slipping and tripping hazards
3. Being struck by falling objects
o bjects
Objects that are
- Improperly stored
- disposed of
- mishandled at elevation
Controll Mea
Contro Measur
sures
es
Ideally, the choice of a protection system will be one that removes the risk of falling
entirely. For example, it is preferable to provide a fixed barrier to prevent a worker from
falling, than a personal protective equipment (safety harness and lifeline). In this way, the
worker is never in a position where an actual fall may occur. Otherwise, the worker must
rely on the personal protective equipment system to safely arrest the fall.
Working at He
Heigh
ights
ts & Fall Protection Systems Categories
Categories
Floors that may become slippery due to the work operations should be provided
with
with aspecial
non-slip typemay
soles surface or coating
be also that will provide a secure walking surface. Footwear
required.
2. Edge Protection
Protection Using Fixed Barriers
b. Warnin g B arrier -
Warnin - is used to indicate to workers that they are approaching a hazardous
work area, where a potential to falling exists. The warning barriers used where it is not
reasonably practicable to provide fixed barrier protection, or a guardrail has been
temporarily removed from an area.
This system may utilize a cable, rope, or a fence system that is set up at least2 meters
from the work surface opening or edge. The effectiveness of this type of system is
increased when high visibility flagging or other means issued to mark the warning barrier.
b arrier.
c. Handrail - on the open side of stairs, ramps and other similar means of access, proper
handrail must be provided. These serve as both a physical
ph ysical barrier and a means of support
to a worker moving up and down the access way. Handrails should be designed the same
as a guardrail.
The restraint system is made up of a safety belt (or safety harness), lifeline and/or
lanyard and anchor. The safety belt is secured to a lifeline having a fixed length that is
attached to a secure anchor. The length of the lifeline is such that the worker can only
proceed to within approximately 1 meter of an opening or edge. Under no circumstances
should a travel restraint system be rigged so that a worker is in a position to fall.
5. Fa ll Arrest Systems - A fall arrest system differs from a travel restraint system. Unlike
Fall
travel restraint, a fall arrest system does not prevent a fall; it reduces the chance of injury
when a fall takes place.
place. A complete fall arrest sys
system
tem consists of an ananchorage
chorage point,
lifeline, fall arrestor, lanyard, shock absorber, and full body safety harness.
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Specifications for
fo r a F
Fall
all Arrest System:
a. An
Anch or age po in t - anchorage points shall be located as high as equipment permits it,
chor
as it is dangerous to work above the point of anchorage. Belt anchors shall be made of
metal of metal machined from bar stock, forged or heat treated, capable of supporting a
pull of 2730 kgs. (6,000 lbs.) applied in any direction. If the anchor is exposed to the
elements, it must be corrosion resistant.
b. Lifeline - This is the part of the system that is attached to the anchor point
p oint and the user
of the system. Lifelines must have sufficient strength to support a weight of 1140 kgs.
(2,500 lbs.) without breaking. Lifelines must be properly secured to the anchorage point
and be protected
protected from abrasion or dam damage
age along thei
theirr full llength.
ength. Lifelines mmay
ay run
vertically or horizontally (installed between two or more anchors), depending on the
application. Temporary lifelines are made of wire or synthetic rope. Permanent systems
may be made of rigid steel or aluminum rails, wire ropes, or similar materials.
c. Fall arrestor (rope grab) - This is a device that automatically locks onto the lifeline
when a fall occurs. It is fitted between the lifeline and lanyard and normally slides freely
on the lifeline until there is a sudden downward motion. When this sudden motion occurs,
the fall arrestor "grabs" the lifeline and holds firmly. Fall arresting mechanisms are also
built into retractable life line devices, which play out and retract as necessary, but hold
fast in the event of a fall (similar to a seat belt in an automobile).
auto mobile).
d. Lanyard - A lanyard is an approved device located between the fall arrestor and the
worker's safety harness. Lanyard must incorporate a shock absorber and be fitted with
double action devices.
e. Shock absorber - - This is a device that limits the force applied to the user when a fall
occurs. It is designed to absorb the kinetic energy of the fall as the worker is stopped. The
shock absorber prevents both injuries to the worker and the amount of force transferred
to the lifeline and anchor. A shock absorber may be a separate device or built into the
lanyard design.
f. Full body safety harness - This is a device designed to contain the torso and pelvic
area of a worker and to support the worker during and after a fall. Body type harnesses
of the parachute type
type should be used. The harness should be cconnected
onnected to the lany
lanyard
ard
or lifeline at the dorsal (back) position.
position. If a lifeline and rope-grab device is used on steeply
sloping surfaces, the user needs to have the device located in front. This will allow safe
manual operation of the mechanism
Safety
Safety nets re
requir
quir ements inclu de:
b. Safety Mesh - Safety mesh, which is securely fixed, provides fall protection for roof
installers and offers long term protection against falling for maintenance and repair
r epair works.
Safety mesh should be used in conjunction with appropriate edge protection, guardrails
or fall arrest systems and devices. However, it should not be used for access to or egress
from a work area or as a working platform.
The Commun
Commun ication Cycle
Cycle
Communication does not limit to what the workers and supervisor says, it also depends on what
they do or don’t do. This is an example of non-verba
non-verball commu nication.
Non-verbal communication can be communicated if the workers don’t do what they are
99 | P age
Basic Elements
Elements of Communication:
The Sender- the one who delivers the message.
The Message- the thought; the information
The Receiver-the one who accepts the message
The Feedback -the output of the communication cycle.
Importance of Communication
Communication
• It is
is about
about how information
information is
is sent and received within firms
• It is crucial for working successfully with others
• It enables to maintain relationships
relations hips
• It allows
allows to aaccomplish
ccomplish tasks w while
hile working with
with b
both
oth individuals
individuals and gr
groups
oups
• It motivates
• It helps to overcome obstacles
• It creates a comfortable, trustful and psychologically safe feeling
7Cs
7Cs for Effective
Effective Business Communication
Clarity
Completeness
Conciseness
Consideration (The 'You' Attitude)
Correctness
Correctness (Accuracy)
Concreteness
Courtesy
Questioning Te
Techniques
chniques
Open Questions
Open questions evoke longer answers. Open questions usually begin with what, why, how. Such
a question asks the respondent for his or her knowledge, opinion or feelings.
When to Use:
• To develop an open frank conversation
• To find out more detail
• To learn about other person's opinion, feelings or issues
100 | P a g e
Example:
• Why did he react that way?
Closed Question
Question s
Closed questions generally evoke a single word or very short, factual answer
When to Use:
• To test your or the other person's understanding
• To conclude a discussio
discussionn or making a decision
decision
• To set a reference frame for the person within which to answer
Example:
• Are you hungry?
Funnel Questions
Asking funnel
funnel questi
questions
ons involves st
starting
arting wi
with
th general questions,
questions, and then
then zoomi
zooming
ng in on a poi
point
nt
in each answer. Then, you move on to asking more and more detail at each level. Hence,
generally, when using funnel questioning, start with closed questions. As you progress through
the funnel, start using more open questions.
When to Use:
• To find out more detail about a specific point.
• To gain the interest
interest or increase the confidence of the person you're speaking
speaking with.
Example:
• "How many people were involved in the fight?"
• "About seven."
• "Were they kids or adults?"
• "Mostly adults.”
Probing Questions
Probing questions are asked to find out more detail. In such questions, use questions that include
the word "exactly" to probe further. An effective way of probing is to use the 5 Whys method,
which can help you quickly get to the root of a problem.
When to Use:
• To gain clarification
• To draw information
information out
out of people unwilling to give information
information
Example:
• Who, exactly, wanted this report?
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Leading
Leading Questions
Questions
Leading questions are asked to try to lead the respondent to your way of thinking. It is important
to note here that leading questions tend to be closed.
When to Use:
• To get the answer you want but letting
letting the other person
believe that they had a choice.
• To close a sale.
Example:
• Option 2 is better, isn't it?
*******************************************************************
Tool box meeting meeting ” refers to daily meeting among workers and thei r respective
meeting o r gang meeting”
supervisors for the purpose of instruction, discussion and proper briefing on the planned work, the
assessment of past work, the possibility or actual occurrence of accidents at the site, tips and
suggestions on how to prevent possible accidents and other related matters.
b)instructed and trained on the measures available for the prevention, control and protection
against those hazards.
12.5 Each supervisor or any designated person (e.g. foreman, leadman, gangboss, etc.) shall
conduct daily tool box or similar meetings prior to starting the tasks for the day to discuss with the
workers and anticipate safety
safe ty and health problems related to every task and the potential solutions
to those problems. The supervisor shall remind the workers on the necessary safety precautions
Let the team know where and when the meeting is. At the start of the day works best with most
workplaces.
2. Set the scene for the meeting — keep it real and be positive
real and
Encourage everyone to join in and provide their own feedback, knowledge and experiences.
Use simple language for everyone to understand to convey the key health and safety
messages.
Toolbox meetings are an opportunity to provide positive feedback for safe actions, hard work
and initiatives. It’s also important to avoid criticism and acknowledge everyone for their
contributions. The meeting shouldn’t be a lecture, but a chance for engagement with the team.
Ensure that running and attending toolbox safety meetings is recognized as an important part of
a person’s role. If the worker regards health and safety as an add -on, it will often be neglected.
3. Follo w an agenda
Follow an agenda to make sure you cover everything off:
Inform workers of changes to company procedures
Identify new hazards and review existing hazards
Develop/review hazard controls
Discuss/review accident and incident data
Discuss the work program for the day/week ahead
Have company leaders talk about the business direction or a particular topic
Thank the team for their time and let them get to work.
Module
Modu le 14 - Roles of Superv
Superviso
isorr in Safety
Safety
A supervisor , foreman, team leader, overseer, cell coach, facilitator, or area coordinator is a
manager in business. A supervisor is first and foremost an overseer whose main responsibility is
to ensure that a group of subordinates get out the assigned amount of production, when they are
supposed to do it and within acceptable levels of quality, costs and safety. The supervisor is
management on the front line . They directly influence the quality and quantity of goods and
services produced.
Managers or supervisors have a direct bearing on health and safety since they have control and
can give instruction. They are also the focal point of a lot of
employee attention and the manner of their behavior and the
way they view on safety and health greatly affects the
employees’ attitudes.
Supervisor
Supervisor s can in fluence safety
safety performance by:
Safety Responsib
Safety Responsib ilit y of Li ne Supervisors
Supervisors
The largest share of responsibility in the substantial reduction of accidents and injuries on the
jo b fal
falls
ls on th e sho
s ho ul ders s up ervi so rs , not because it has been arbitrarily assigned to
der s of th e sup
him, but because accident prevention and production control are closely associated to supervisory
superviso ry
functions. Whether or not a company has a safety program, the supervisor has these principal
responsibilities:
104 | P a g e
Summ
ummaary Key P
Poin
oints:
ts:
The supervisor is management on the front line.
line.
The Supervisor’s behavior
behav ior and the way he view on safety and health greatly affects
the employees’ attitudes.
The largest
injuries share
on the of responsibility
job falls in the
on the shoulders of substantial reduction of accidents and
the supervisors.
Module 15:
15: Occupatio
Occ upational
nal He
Health
alth
Health(OH) - defines as the promotion and maintenance of the highest
Occupati onal Health(OH)
degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations. People at
work can be exposed to risks to their health and may contract a range of occupational
diseases and conditions. Some people may die as a result of a contact; others may be
permanently incapacitated, etc.
AIMS of Occup
Occ upati
ation
onal
al Health
Heal th::
Physical Hazards
Noise- An
1. Noise- An unwanted sound; Noise can
block, distort, change or interfere with the
meaning of a message in both human and
electronic communication.
Permi
Permi ssi ble Noi se Exposure
Expo sure (OHSC
(OHSC 1074
1074:02)
:02)
Footnote(1) When the daily noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise
exposure of different levels, their combined effect should be considered, rather than the
individual effect of each. If the sum of the following fractions: C(1)/T(1) + C(2)/T(2) C(n)/T(n)
exceeds unity, then, the mixed exposure should be considered to exceed the limit value. Cn
indicates the total time of exposure at a specified noise level, and Tn indicates the total time
of exposure permitted at that level. Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not
exceed 140 dB peak sound pressure level
Adver
Ad verse
se Health
Heal th Effect
Eff ect s of
o f Nois
No is e:
Ac
Acut
ut e Effect
Eff ects:
s:
o Acoustic Trauma (explosion, Gunshot); acoustic trauma refers to permanent
cochlear damage from a one-time exposure to excessive sound pressure.
o Temporary Threshold Shift (Disco)
o Poor Communication
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Control of Noise
1. Engineering methods
P
Purchase
urchase new equiequipment
pment
P
Preventive
reventiv e maint
maintenance
enance
IIsolation/damping
solation/dam ping
2. Administrati
Administrative ve Control
J
Job
ob rot
rotation
ation / breaks
3. PPE
E
Earar pl
plugs
ugs / ear muffs
Mechanisms
Mechanisms of heat
heat removal
removal
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Acut
Ac ut e Health Eff ects
ect s of
o f Heat
Prickly Heat- is a skin disease marked by small and itchy
itchy rashes
rashes
Heat Fatigue-bad mood, water loss
Heat Cramps- muscle spasm (water + ssalt)
alt)
Heat Exhaustion- fatigue, dehydration, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting
(water + salts + electrolytes )
Heat Stroke- overheating, seizure, coma (failure of thermoregulatory
system); a temperature of greater than 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) due to
environmental heat exposure
Control of Heat
Heat Problems
1. Engineering control
Ventilation
Water sources (fountains/showers)
2. Administrativ
Administrativee control
Job rotation/breaks
3. PPE
Cotton clothes, multiple changes
Cotton clothes, multiple changes
107 | P a g e
Acut
Ac ut e Health Effect
Eff ects
s of
o f Cold
Co ld
Hypothermia
Frostbite- is the medical
the medical
and other tissues
tissues conditioncold.
due to extreme where
localized damage is caused to
to skin
skin
Trench Foot- is a medical condition caused by prolonged exposure of the feet
to damp, unsanitary and cold conditions.
Chronic Hea
Health
lth Effects of Cold
Bradycardia- ("heart slowness"), as applied to adult
Ca
Callous
llous Formation
Formation
Control Methods
1. Engineering
Engineering Control
Isolation / enclosure / insulation
2. Admini strative Control
Shift work, rest periods
Warm food and drinks / medical exams
3. PPE
Thermal clothing / electric blanket
Gloves / cap / jacket / wool lined shoes
Health
Health Effects of Vibration
Inflammation of wrist, elbows, shoulders
Carpal Tunnel syndrome- median neuropathy at the wrist is a medical
condition in which the median
the median nerve is compressed at the wrist,
wrist, leading
leading to
paresthesias, numbness
paresthesias, numbness and
and muscle
muscle weakness in the hand. Night symptoms
and waking up at night is a characteristic of established carpal tunnel
syndrome.
Tenosynovitis- is the inflammation of the fluid-
fluid-filled
filled sheath (called the
synovium) that
synovium) that surrounds a
a tendon.
tendon. Symptoms
Symptoms of tenosynovitis include pain,
swelling and difficulty moving the particular joint where the inflammation
occurs.
Fatigue- is a major safety concern in many fields, but especially in
transportation, because
transportation, because fatigue can result in disastrous accidents. Fatigue
is considered an internal precondition for unsafe acts because it negatively
affects the human operator s internal state.
108 | P a g e
o A minimum of 100 lux – engine and boiler rooms; toilets and washrooms
o A minimum of 300 lux – medium inspection; office deskwork with intermittent
stenographic work.
o A minimum of 1000 lux – extra fine assembling; jewelry and watch mfg;
Control Methods
Improve illumination by adding:
artificial light sources
natural light sources
Reduce by:
Isolation or enclosure
PPE
Eye examinati
examination on / Eye protection devices
109 | P a g e
Acut
Ac ute
e Effect
Eff ects
s of
o f Pr essur
ess ur e:
Fatigue Dizziness Depressed Reduced Oxygen
Incoordination Headaches Sensorium Lowered
Temperature Apprehension Disorientat
Disorientation
ion Narcosis
Paresthesias Excitabil
Excitability
ity Tremors Death Pulmonary
Edema
Control methods
Pre-employment screening
Training (Pre-event)
Scheduled work duration
Exercise (During event)
Medical monitoring
Medications
Pressure vessels / chamber
Rehabilitation
Rehabilit ation (Post-event)
Pressurized suits
Chemical Hazards
Hazards
Chemical Hazard is the danger caused by chemicals to the environment and people.
A chemical
chemical hazard arises fro
from
m contamin
contamination
ation with harmful or potent
potentially
ially har
harmful
mful chem
chemicals.
icals.
The Routes
Routes of Entry of Chemicals
Chemicals
Health Effects
Irritation
Blindness
Swelling
Health Effects
Vomiting
Dizziness
110 | P a g e
Health Effects
Lack of oxygen
Difficult to breathe
Injection
111 | P a g e
and about one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease, which, if
left untreated, kills more than 50% of its victims.
Hepatit
Hepa A,B,C,E- implies inflammation of the liver
tit is A,B,C,E- the liver characterized
by the presence of inflammatory cells
inflammatory cells in the
the tissue
tissue of the organ.
Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic
when it persists longer. A group of viruses
viruses known as the hepatitis
viruses cause most cases of hepatitis worldwide, but it can also be
due to toxins (notably alcohol,
(notably alcohol, certain
certain medications
medications and plants),
other infections
infections and
and autoimmune
autoimmune diseases.
transmission
including between
between humans
including vaginal
vaginal humans
intercourse, or animals
intercourse, oral
oral animals
sex,
sex, and by means
and anal
anal sex. of human
sex. human sexual behavior,
behavior,
eases
Other Skin Dis eases
Ergonomic Hazards
Job
the task needed to achieve a result
governed by guidelines designed to prevent muscle overload
requires learning, training and skill
Workstation
place of deployment
where duties are carried out
where equipment are located
machines are the tools
8 hours are spent
112 | P a g e
Tool
integral part of the man-machine system
powerful, fast, tireless
enables man to accomplish h his
is job with reduced effort
Man
Integral part of the man-machine-system.
intelligent,
intellig ent, adaptive and versatile
the basis of existence - survival
Workplace Design
Fit the workplace to the worker; not the worker to the workplace
Tool Design
Fit the tool to the worker; not the worker to the tool
****************************************************************************************************
Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, its
movements and its cognitive
its cognitive abilities.
Five aspects
aspects of ergonomics
There are five aspects of ergonomics: safety, comfort, ease of use,
productivity/performance, and aesthetics. Based on these aspects of ergonomics, examples
are given of how products or systems could benefit from redesign based on ergonomic
principles.
1.Safety - Medicine bottles: The print on them could be larger so that a sick person who
may have bad vision (due to sinuses, etc.) can more easily see the dosages and
label. Ergonomics could design the print style, color and size for optimal viewing.
113 | P a g e
5. Aesth
Aes theti cs - Signs in the workplace: Signage should be made consistent throughout
etics
the workplace
easily to not only be aesthetically pleasing, but also so that information is
accessible
Risk Fa
Factors
ctors on Ergonomi cs
1. Position
a. Wrist straight, shoulders
relaxed
b. Back and neck as close to
their natural alignment as
possible
c. Elbows near the side, bent at
a 90º angle to reach the work
d. Keep materials close to the
body when carrying
e. Don’t twist, bend, reach
2. Force
a. Use as little effort as allowable
b. Push a cart, don’t pull
c. Seek assistance from others
d. Don’t exceed 25kgs when lifting
3. Frequency
a. Reduce the repetitions of movements in activiti
activities
es
b. Rest breaks
Source: https://www.
https://www.microsoft.c
microsoft.com/accessories/
om/accessories/en-us/support/ergonom
en-us/support/ergonomic-comfort
ic-comfort
The Necessary
Necessary Health
Health Perso
Perso nnel in the Workplace
Workp lace
First Aider
Nurse
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Physician
Dentist
below
definedthat
as required for normal metabolism
35.0 °C (95.0normal
°F). metabolism and body functions which is
Vibration is a continuous low frequency oscillat
oscillationion that is more likely felt than
heard.
Illuminati
Illumination
on is the deliberate application of light
light to achieve some aesthetic or
practical effect.
Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface.
Ergonomics is the science of designing the job, equipment, and w workplace
orkplace to
fit the worker
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Module 16 –
16 – Fundame
Fundamentals
ntals of Industr ial H
Hygiene
ygiene
–is the science and art devoted to identification
Industrial Hygiene (IH) – evaluation and
identification,, evaluation
control of environmental factors and stresses arising in or from the workplace, which may
cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort among workers or
among citizens of the community.
Industrial hygiene is strict and rigorous scientific methodology and often requires professional
experience in determining the potential for hazard, exposures or risk in workplace and
environmental studies.
Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected against physical, social,
spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types
or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could
be considered non-desirable. This T his can take the form of being protected from the event or from
exposure to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of
people or of possessions. Or in short, safety is freedom from accidents.
Acci
Ac dentt is usually a result of contact of a body with a source of energy above the threshold
ciden
limit of the body or structure. It is an occurrence that interrupts the normal and orderly
progress of any activity. Accidents can result to physical harm, damage to property or delay
in operation.
Causes
Causes of Acc idents
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➢ Admi
Ad mi ni
nist
st rat iv
ivee cont ro l . Control of employee’s exposure
co ntro
• Increased breaks
• SOPs
• Isolation (time)
• Medical Exams
•
• Workplace monitoring
Scheduled reduced work hours in contaminated areas
1. Substitut
Substitution
ion of non-toxic or less-toxic for one which is harmful to health (lead in paint
pigment with zinc, barium or titanium oxide)
2. Change in the process to improve working condition (spray paint to dipping or
brushing)
3. Isolation or exposed
employees enclosure of a process or w work
ork operation to redu
reduce
ce the nu
number
mber of
4. Wet methods to reduce generation of dust
5. Local exhaustion ventilation at the point of generation or dispersion of contaminants
6. Dilutio
Dilutionn ventilatio
ventilationn to provide safe, hea
healthful
lthful atmosphere
7. Personal Protective Equipment (devices) such as special clothing, eye or respiratory
protection
8. Good housekeeping, includinincluding
g cleanliness of workplace, waste disposal, adequate
washing, toilet and eating facilities
9. Administrati
Administrativeve exposure controls, including adjusting w work
ork schedules or rrotating
otating job
assignments so no employee receives an overexposure
10. Special control methods for specific hazards, such as shielding, monitoring devices
and continuous sampling with preset alarms
11. Medical controls to detect evidence of absorption of toxic chemicals
12. Training and education to supplement engineering controls
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Environmental monitoring - describes the processes and activities that need to take
place to characterize and monitor the quality of the environment. Environmental
monitoring is used in the preparation of environmental
environmental impact assessments, as
assessments, as well as in
many circumstances in which human activities
activit ies carry a risk of harmful effects on the natural
the natural
environment. All
environment. All monitoring strategies and programmed have reasons and justifications
which are often designed to establish the current status of an environment or to establish
trends in environmental
analyzed parameters.
statistically and In all
published. The cases the results
design of monitoring
of a monitoring will be reviewed,
programmed must
therefore have regard to the final use of the data before monitoring starts.
The Three
Three Basic Components of environmental monit oring are:
Sources of Data
2. Chemical Inventory
SDS (Safety
(Safety Data Sheet) - Raw materials (it is available to anyone who
requests for it. It should be accompanied to any delivery or storage materials)
PSDS (Product Safety Data Sheet) - Normal written on the labels of the
products themselves. It contains the necessary
information about:
o Description
o Structural formula
o Hazard/ toxicity
classification
o First aid
o Physical data
o Emergency
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Physical Agents
o Hea
Heatt st ress - heat stress monitor
Chemical Agents-
Summary
Summary Key Points:
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hygiene
evaluate equipment. Prevention is better than cure so it is necessary to assess and
these hazards.
Module
Modul e1
17:
7: Job Haz
Hazard
ard An
Analysi
alysis
s (JHA)
Job hazard analysi s is one of the safety management tools that can be used to define
hazard analysi
and control the hazards associated with a certain process, job or procedure. Job Hazard
Analysis is a term used interchangeably with Job Safety Analysis and Risk Assessment.
The purpose of a JHA is to ensure that the risk of each step of a task is reduced to ALARP
(As Low As Reasonably Practicable).
JHA should be created by the work group performing the task. Sometimes it is expedient
to review a JHA that has been prepared when the same task has been performed before
but the work group must take special care to review all of the steps thoroughly to ensure
that they are controlling all of the hazards for this job this time. The JHA is usually
completed on a form.
Uses
Uses of JHA:
Create/ Improve SOP’s
Guide in o
observing
bserving employee performance
Accident investigation
Safety inspection
New jobs
Changes in procedures and standards
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An effect
eff ectiv
iv e JHA t eam usu
u suall
all y inc
i nclu
lu des:
des :
o The supervisor
o The employ
employee
ee most familiar w
with
ith how the job is done a
and
nd its related hazards
o Other employees who perform the job
o Experts or specialist when necessary
necessary,, such as
as safety officer, m
maintenance
aintenance
personnel, occupational hygienist, ergonomists,
ergonomists, or design engineers.
Sample of JHA:
Step Haza
Hazard
rd Control
Contr ol
(1) Prepare Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome Wear thick gloves
Surface Using
Electric Wire Use vibrating tool no more
Brush than 20 minutes at a time and for
no more than 2 hours a shift
Paint dust possibly containing lead Wear a P3 organic vapor mask
when disturbing old paint. Wear
disposable coveralls. Wash
hands thoroughly before eating
or smoking. Thorough
housekeeping.
Slips trips and falls Route all electrical cables
sensibly to keep walkways and
stairs free of hazards.
Sunburn Wear broad brim and SPF 40+
sun block.
(2) Paint Damage to adjacent surfaces from Use drop sheets
Handrails thinners and paint
Exposure to fumes from thinners If poorly ventilated, use P3
organic vapor mask
Paint in eyes Wear safety goggles when
working above shoulder height,
safety glasses at other times
Fire Keep containers of thinners and
flammable solvents closed
properly and stored in a cool
place away from sources of
sparks
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(3) Housekeeping Slip and trip hazards Remove waste to bin, tools to
store, ensure barriers and signs
are in place to denote wet paint.
Accidents
Accidents can occur
occur when:
when:
JHA Procedure
1. Identif
Identif ying Basic J ob Steps
The purpose of JHA is to identify hazards associated with a job and to make
recommendations for ways to eliminate or control these hazards. Describing job steps in
terms of what they are supposed to accomplish provides maximum opportunity to explore
alternative ways of performing the job in a safer, healthier manner.
Solution:
List as steps
steps only tho
those
se tasks that w
would
ould be described to someone being
trained to perform the job.
2. Determine
Determine t he Hazards
Hazards
Identify all of the existing or potential actions or conditions that could lead to an
injury or illness, or harm to the environment. To make sure that each step is
examined thoroughly, consider the following:
Hazard guide:
o The phy
physical
sical actions required for that sp
specific
ecific step
o The materials used
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The cond
o conditions
itions under which the st
step
ep iiss nor
normally
mally performed.
Physical action:
o Force (weight)
o Frequency (repetition)
o Posture (Prolonged)
Position (distance)
o
Materials
o Chemicals
o Corrosive
o Flammable
o Volatile
Equipment
o Mechanical hazard
o Electrical hazard
o Conditions
o Noisy environment
o
Temperatures extremes
o Vibration present
o Poor or high Illumination
o Pressure (atmospheric force)
o Prolonged hours
3. Recommending Corrective Measures:
Should be developed at the job site whenever possible
Should be developed in s
sequence,
equence, beginning wi
with
th the fi
first
rst hazar
hazard
d
Must be specific
Correctin
Correctin g t he haz
hazards
ards
Administrative
Administrative control
PPE
Engineering control
Physical action
o Modifying/Rearranging/Combining actions
o Training
o Use of PPE
Material
o Substitution of materials
o
Machine guarding or Safe guarding
o Limit employee exposure
Use of PPE
o
Equipment
o Installation of machine
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o
Relocation (isolation by place)
o Rescheduling (isolation by time)
o Redesign of the work area
2. Employee Training
Ensuring that each job s step
tep is performed ssafely
afely & eefficiently
fficiently
To point out p
particular
articular job ste
steps
ps / hazards that rrequires
equires special precautions.
Refresherawareness
Increase training (infrequent jobs)
on hazards
3. Employee Observations
Guide in employee performance observations
Allows supervisors to focus on especially hazardous steps
Ensures employee is performing steps according to SOP
5. Accident Investigations
To dete
determine
rmine if the job was being performed incorrectly
To tel
telll if a h
hazard
azard was overl
overlooked
ooked in the initial analysis.
Summary Key Points:
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Modu
odule
le 1
18:
8: C
Cons
onstru
tructi
ction
on Safe
afety
ty & Hea
ealth
lth Prog
rogram
ram
(CSHP)
COURSE
COURSE OBJECTIVES
OB JECTIVES
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
When submitting the construction OSH Program to DOLE-OSHS for their review
rev iew and
approval, the following must be incorporated:
Three (3) copies of lletter
etter of intent;
Name of authorized contac
contactt person
with telephone numbers
numbers;; and
Three (3) copies of the Occupational Safety and Health Program. One (1) copy-
Client, one (1) copy-RO, one (1) copy-OSHS.
Name
Name of Person prepared t he program
Person who prepared
(Please indicate if accredited by DOLE as OSH Practitioner)
Descripti on
Project Descripti
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o On si
site
te sa
safety
fety and health promotion and continuing information
dissemination.
o Accident and incident investigation and reporting.
o Protection of the general public within the vicinity of the construction site.
o Environmental control.
o
General material handling and storage procedures.
o Workers’ skills and certification.(for critical occupation)
o First aid and health care medicines, equipment Workers’ Welfare Facilities
Standards Operating
Standards Operating Procedure and
and Jo b Haza
Hazardrd Analysi
Analysi s for the foll owing
activiti es and
and ot her hazardous herein.
hazardous work n ot out lined herein.
Site cleaning
Excavations
Erection and dismantling of scaffolds and
an d other temporary working platforms
Tem
Temporary
porary electrical connections/install
connections/installations
ations
Use of scaffolds and
an d other te
temporary
mporary working platforms
Working at unprotected elevated
e levated working platforms or surfaces
Use of power tools and equipment
Gas and electric welding and cutting operations
Working in confined spaces
Use of internal combustion engines
126 | P a g e
Penalties/S
Penalties/Sanctions OSH Program
anctions for vi olations o f the prov ision s of the OSH
ATTACHMENTS
Application Form
Form,, 3 co
copies
pies
Photocopy of Registration Forms received and approved by the concerned DOLE
Regional Office per D.O. 18-02 (require yearly renewal)/PCAB per Rule 1020 of
the OSHS.(one time Registration)
Photocopy of Invitat
Invitation
ion to Bid/Project Contract.
Contract.
Photocopy of Certificate of Com
Completion
pletion on required Training of all designated OSH
Personnel. o Safety Officer - Construction Occupational Safety and Health Training
for Construction Site
Safety Officer
First Aider -
- Standard First Aid Training and valid
PNRC ID as First Aider.
OH Physi
Physi cian - Basic Course on Occupational
Medicine.
Modul e 1
Module 19:
9: S
Sit
iteeSSafety
afety Inspect
Inspectio
ionn/S
Sit
itee Actual Visi
Visitt /
Ac t i v i t y Pr
Pres
esen at i o n
entt ati
An inspection is, most generally, an organized examination or formal evaluation exercise. It
involves the measurements, tests, and gauges applied to certain characteristics in regard to an
object or activity. A safety inspection is defined as a monitoring function conducted to locate
existing and potential hazards that may cause accidents in the workplace.
Safety inspection should be part of every phase of production and a regular element of the
standard operating procedure. When a safety inspection has become part of a supervisor’s
routine, the safety responsibilities of each department will then be integrated to improve the whole
company.
127 | P a g e
It is recommended that formal inspection must be done at least once a month, using a checklist.
However, in some areas, frequent safety inspections should be done.
Objectives
Objectives and Purposes
A safet
s afety
y Insp
In sp ect io n Prog
Pr og ram s houl
ho ul d ans wer the
th e foll
fo ll ow in g qu estio
est io ns :
Types of inspections
Continuous or On- Going
Going Inspections
o This process is done by supervisors,
supervisors , employees and maintenance personnel as
part of their job responsibilities. This sometimes called informal because it does
not have a schedule, plan or a checklist.
Planned
Planned inspection at intervals
o These inspections can be the foundation of a strong loss control program.
program . This
process is what most people call as “real” safety and health inspection. It is
deliberate, thorough and systematic by design.
Checklists
1. Enumerate every potential hazard within the category that you know exists in our work
area
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There are several factors necessary for effective safety observation. These are:
It is important to discuss the result of the inspections with the employees. If poor work practices
and bad habits have developed, employees must be advised of the observations immediately and
explain the correct ways on how the work is to be done. Many supervisors forget to mention the
positive actions
actions and practices that take pl place
ace in their department. It is important to encourage
people to follow good work practices.
Site Visit
Visit
This activity would depend if there would be a construction site project that will allow the
COSH class to perform an exercise on what they have learn during the discussion of
Safety Inspection.
The COSH Class will be divided into several groups and will be assigned to several
allowed locations within the selected construction (if allowed) and will perform simulated
safety inspection looking for any unsafe acts and unsafe conditions based on the recent
learning of past COSH Training topics.
If they may be allowed to take pictures, they will asked to show it during their group
presentations together with their findings and subsequent recommendations.
130 | P a g e
Modu
odule
le 2
20:
0: IInci
ncident
dent / Accid
Accideent Investigation
Investig ation
Accident investigation is a necessary and effective technique for preventing recurring or
future accidents. Thorough accident investigation can point out the problem areas within
the organization. Investigations are conducted to prevent recurrence, comply with policies
and regulatory requirements, improve supervisor’s management approach, and maintain
employee awareness-HSE. Accident investigation must be fact-finding not faultfinding.
This means that investigation itself should be concerned only with facts. All accidents are
incidents and should be investigated. The supervisor is the person who most often
investigates accident and makes out reports. Supervisors are more familiar with the
people involved; they have better understanding of the operations and equipment, and
have personal interest in investigations. LTI, NON-LTI, Property Damage, Near Misses
that did not happened and could happen need to be investigated.
prevent recurrence
comply with poli
policies
cies and regulatory requirements
improve supervisor’s management approach
approach
maintain employee awareness
Ac ciden
Acci dentt Invest
Inv estig
ig ation
ati on s sh
shou
ou ld im
immed
mediat
iately
ely be in vesti
ves ti gated
gat ed
because…
Method
Method of Investig ation
Secure the Accident Site. It is essential to secure the accident site for the
duration of the investigation. In some cases, it may be necessary to barricade
or isolate the accident area to warn people about the accident. Nothing should
be removed from the site to preserve the evidence and not contaminate other
passersby.
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Sources
Sources o f i nformation:
Witnesses
Physical Evidences
Existing records
Collect facts/ Data Gathering. Start the investigation as
soon as the accident has taken place to preserve evidences like chemicals that are easy
to evaporate and to prevent physical and chemical changes. Time is of the essence
during investigation.
investigation.
Look for…
132 | P a g e
Victim
Onlookers
Those who heard what happened
Saw the
the area prior to the accident
Others with info about involved individuals, equipment or
circumstances.
Step Two
Two : Analyze the Facts
Facts
After the evidences have been collected, witnesses have been interviewed,
photographs have been taking, and it is now time to analyze the facts that have been
gathered.
Why-Why
Why-Why Analysis
Cause
Cause and Effect Diagram
Fault Tree. Make a fault tree diagram to show where the accident taken
place, the persons involved, the kind of accident that happened and the
133 | P a g e
Keeping records also helps the supervisor or the top management evaluate if the
employee has been violating safety rules again and again.
Report . The first aider or nurse fills out the first aid
1. The First Aid Report
report for each new case. Copies of the report are sent to the safety
report about
Accident each accident,
investigation even
report near misses
should and small
be completed asaccidents.
soon as
possible.
Accident investigation
investigation is a necessa
necessary
ry and ef
effective
fective tech
technique
nique for pre
preventing
venting
recurring or future accidents.
The supervisor is
is the person who most o
often
ften investigates a
accident
ccident and
makes out reports.
Module
Modul e2
21:
1: R
Re-
e-Entr
Entryy Prog
Program
ram
Participants of the BOSH training are now required to apply
Participants
what they learned. The re-entry program introduces the
BOSH trainees to his/ her new role in the safety committee.
The re-entry for the Safety and Health Committee is
outlined as follows:
1.) Review
NOT S
_________________
___________________________
__________________
___________________
___________________
__________________
__________________
____________________
____________
_________________
___________________________
__________________
___________________
___________________
__________________
__________________
___________________
____________
_
135 | P a g e
Module
Modu le 22 –
22 – Employee
Employee Compe
Compensation
nsation Commi ssio n
Objective
To explain and update the participants with the Employees Compensation Program of the
Government.
Compensable Diseases
Conditions or risk factors on the job must be present for the disease
to be compensable
Other diseases not in the list may still be compensable if employee can establish
causal connection with the nature of his work or the working environment
Theory ” but not for pre-existing disease o The Compensability of
“Increased Risk Theory”
Injuries
For the INJURY and the resulting disability or death to be compensable, the
136 | P a g e
Work-Connected Injuries
Work-Connected
Seven
Seven Instances
Instances w here injury c an be compensable:
1.
Happened at the workplace
2. Happened while performing official function
8 EC
ECP
P Benefits
Loss of Income
Benefit Medical
Benefits
Carer’s Allowance
Death Benefits
Rehabilitation Services
137 | P age
Benefit
9 Loss of Income Benefit
Under the ECP, it is not the illness or injury that is compensated.
10 Types Disabili ty
Types of Disabili
Medical
Me Benefits
dical Benefits
Ward services for hospital confinement
Carer’s Allowance
Monthly Income Benefit pension to beneficiary plus 10% for each dependent
child not exceeding five funeral benefit of P10,000 for private sector; P3,000
for public sector
138 | P age
Physical therapy
hearing aid, crutches, wheelchair, etc
Rehabilitation appliances e.g.
Kagabay Program of ECC
Re-skilling for re-employment
Training for Entrepreneurship
EC Contrib utio
utions
ns and Payments,
1975-
1975-200
2008
8 (in
(in m ill ion peso s)
To a worker,
psychological, it willand
emotional mean not getting
financial costssick or injured and be free from its
To the employer, it will mean less absences from work by workers, high level
of productivity, ability to meet delivery schedules and good company image
In summary
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