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English: Department of Education
English: Department of Education
Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
English
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Critique a literary selection based on the following
approaches: structuralist/formalist, moralist, Marxist,
feminist, historical and reader-response
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What I Need to Know
It is imperative to learn how to critique a literary selection because it helps you develop
critical thinking skills. When critiquing a literary text, one must know how to distinguish its
different approaches: structuralist/formalist, moralist, Marxist, feminist, historical and reader-
response. These approaches will serve as your guide to further reveal how a literary selection
be fully understood by noting its underlying literary concepts.
When critiquing a literary selection, you activate prior knowledge, discover ways to
produce better outcomes, fortify better learning engagements, and improve your macro-skills.
It is vital to learn the skills in critiquing a literary text, because these reveal different hues or
points of view, leading you to improve your literacy skills, and help you appreciate cultural
diversity.
It is anticipated in this module, that you are driven to:
a. Explore different views on how to critique a literary text;
b. Analyze texts according to approaches used in critiquing literary selections;
c. Critique a literary selection using the appropriate approaches in critiquing a text.
What I Know
Directions: Read and choose the best answer. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet.
1. Which of the following supports the idea of structuralist/formalist?
A. It studies the text, without considering any external influence.
B. It focuses on cultural beliefs, without showcasing the importance of cultural
diversity.
C. It serves as reminders, without empathizing with the various challenges in life.
D. It fosters a better relationship, without the real views of people.
2. Which of the following statements is following the moralistic view in critiquing a
literary selection?
A. It is anchored on viewing the importance of factual events.
B. It is predetermined based on crafting possible problems to solutions.
C. It is focused on judging the value of literature according to moral lessons or ethical
concerns.
D. It is centered on aligning basic literary concepts.
3. All these options support the Marxist’s way of critiquing a literary text, except:
A. It discusses literary factual concerns.
B. It focuses on important practical issues.
C. It views literary works as reflections of the social institutions.
D. It assesses trivial matters.
4. When making a feminist approach in critiquing a literary selection, it is expected to:
A. expose various ways to reinforce or undermine the economic, political, social,
psychological subjugation of women.
B. focus on several ways to emphasize that women are more powerful than men.
C. argue on numerous accounts that women can do better in producing outputs.
D. contend more ideas that women should learn how to control their emotions.
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5. Which of the following learning concepts differentiates Historical from the Reader-
response points of view?
A. Historical criticism talks about culture, nevertheless Reader-response seems to
dwell on sharing comments.
B. Historical criticism recounts details, but Reader-response displays various
sentiments.
C. Historical criticism involves beyond the literature at the wider historical and
cultural events happening during the text was written, while Reader-response is
centered on readers’ reactions to literature.
D. Historical criticism encompasses emotions, whereas Reader-response is focused on
possible replies taken from the reading selection.
Directions: Read and answer each item. Write CORRECT, if the item supports any of the
approaches in critiquing a literary selection. Write INCORRECT, if it is otherwise.
Write the expected answers on a separate sheet.
ANSWERS ITEMS
6. When analyzing text using the feminist approach, much
emphasis is given on how women sacrifice in fighting
traditional standards or outlooks.
7. Using the Moralistic perspective, literary critique is
focused on the allegations and glitches of the capitalist
organization.
8. Historical approach is centered on both positive and
negative aspects, that promote good manners and right
conduct.
9. Marxist approach emphasizes on the elements and the
features of the literary text.
10. In the Reader-response, the reader generates his or her
own text-related unique performance.
Lesson
LITERARY SELECTION CRITIQUE
1 BASED ON SPECIFIC APPROACHES
Critiquing a literary selection involves several frames that one must consider before
analyzing and interpreting the text material’s content. It involves various approaches that will
somehow serve as tools to analyze the literary concepts objectively. What are the different
approaches that must be well thought-out before critiquing a literary text? These are the
following: structuralist/formalist, moralist, Marxist, feminist, historical and reader-response.
In this Module, you will explore valuable insights on critiquing a literary selection.
2
What’s In
Directions: Read the selection. Answer each item by writing the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet.
(Source: Literary Criticism as a Tool for Interpreting Literature. Accessed December 12, 2020.
https://www.uv.es/~fores/programa/hale_literarycritic.html.)
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2. Which of the following statements supports the main point of the selection?
A. Reading literature is interesting.
B. Writing literature is exciting.
C. Understanding literature is intriguing.
D. Interpreting literature is challenging.
3. What is Literary Criticism?
A. It focuses on critiquing events and ambitions.
B. It emphasizes real communications and services.
C. It evaluates and interprets literature.
D. It promotes practical activities and social functions.
4. What is the critic’s main purpose?
A. to enrich the reader's understanding of the literary work
B. to entertain the reader’s emotions to forget their difficulties
C. to criticize reader’s statements for better interpretation of texts
D. to impede reader’s comprehension of the literary selection
5. All of the following options explain the critic’s specific purposes, except:
A. to make value judgements about the text material.
B. to explain his or her interpretation of the literary text.
C. to search for information about the selection.
D. to provide other readers with relevant information.
Directions: Study each statement. Answer TRUE if the item supports the idea of the
selection. Write FALSE, when it is otherwise. Write the expected answer on
a separate sheet.
______ 6. Writers choose literature as an avenue where they can voice out their concerns.
______ 7. Interpreting literature is mysterious.
______ 8. Once the readers become accustomed to previous criticism, it becomes hard for
the Critic to present their arguments.
______ 9. Literary criticism serves as a tool for interpreting literature.
______10. When interpreting literature, much emphasis is given on the author’s
background.
What’s New
Directions: Study each icon. Identify which approach in critiquing a literary selection is
being represented. Write the expected answers on a separate sheet.
1. ________________________________ 2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________ 4. ________________________________
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5. ________________________________ 6. ________________________________
What Is It
Critiquing a literary selection is challenging because it will push
you beyond your limits to learn how to interpret a text. For this
reason, there is a need for you to develop literary skills to learn how
to assess valid information.
There are various ways on how to critique a literary text. In this Module, you will learn
the six approaches to critiquing a literary selection.
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5. Historical – analyzes literary text by using historical events and evidences, that include
information about the author’s life, historical and social circumstances. (“Historical
Criticism.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Accessed December
10, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/art/historical-criticism-literary-criticism). This
approach also “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social, cultural,
and intellectual context that produced it—a context that necessarily includes the artist’s
biography and milieu.” (“Critical Approaches to Literature.” --- CRITICAL
APPROACHES TO LITERATURE ---. Accessed December 10, 2020.
http://home.olemiss.edu/~egjbp/spring97/litcrit.html.).
6. Reader-response – “Typically, Reader-response criticism revolves around the phenomena
‘Respond to Reading’. The theory identifies the reader as a significant and active agent
who is responsible to impart the real meaning of the text by interpreting it. The modern
school of thought argues on the existing perception of the literature. According to it,
literature is like a performing art that enables reader creates his own text-related unique
performance.” (“A Brief Guide to Reader-Response Criticism.” A Research Guide for
Students, August 22, 2018).
What’s More
Directions: Study each item. Identify which literary approach is being used. Write the expected
answer on a separate sheet.
Directions: Draw a smiley ( ) if the item supports any of the six Literary Approaches. Leave
it blank if it does not. Draw the expected smiley on a separate sheet.
____7. The reader is an active agent in the reader-response approach.
____8. The Marxist’s way of analyzing text involves mirroring concerns in which people
become estranged from one another through power, money, and politics.
____9. The Formalist/Structuralist approach is centered on literary elements.
____10. The Historical approach argues that every literary piece is a creation of its time and its
world.
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Activity 3: MATCHING LITERARY APPROACHES AND THEIR IDEAS
Directions: Use the pool of ideas to match each literary approach to its corresponding
explanation. Write the letter of the expected answer on a separate sheet.
POOL OF IDEAS
A. Examining on how the literary D. Analyzing mores and human
elements create meaning behavior
B. Emphasizing a system of equal rights E. Defending personal reaction to a
among men and women text
C. Analyzing the capitalist system of the F. Exploring the events and forces that
society might affect the author’s literary
work
LITERARY APPROACHES
Structuralist/ Moralist Marxist Feminist Historical Reader-
Formalist response
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Activity 4: ANALYZING LITERARY APPROACHES
Directions: Analyze each text and identify whether it focuses on any of the following approaches in
critiquing a literary selection: A. Structuralist/Formalist, B. Moralist, C. Marxist, D. Feminist,
E. Historical or F. Reader-Response. Write only the letter of the expected answer on a separate
sheet.
_____ 7. Study The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. This book takes place in
the American South in the 19th century and follows a white boy, Huck, as he helps a
black slave, Jim, escape his situation. Here we've got quite a bit more detail. Instead
of just two large classes, society is divided into several smaller ones (Study.com.
Accessed August 28, 2020).
_____ 8. Judith Little and Megan S. Lloyd argue that Alice is a “literally underground image of
a woman” battling the “system.” Still, they also view Alice’s insistence, activity, and
curiosity as typically “Un-Victorian” traits that make her an example of a seditious
woman. But for Lloyd, Alice can also be considered as an ideal role model for any
society simultanenously (Criticism of ‘Alice’. Accessed August 17, 2020).
_____ 9. Samuel Johnson once stressed in his novel entitled, The History of Rasselas, Prince
of Abissinia the following words: “I have here the world before me; I will review it at
leisure: surely happiness is somewhere to be found… Happiness must be something
solid and permanent, without fear and without uncertainty.” He simply recounts the
story of a prince ‘who escapes from the valley of happiness,’ to search for perpetual
bliss. However, he realizes that this kind of happiness does not exist (“Moral -
Examples and Definition of Moral.” Literary Devices, May 28, 2017).
_____ 10. Through Phoenix’s strenuous journey in the wild country of Natchez Trace, Eudora
Welty uses her protagonist to symbolically show the struggle of African-Americans
toward equality and integration in the South after the Civil War (Writing a Formalist
Literary Analysis. Accessed September 1, 2020).
(Source: Columbres, Cristina G. Critique A Literary Selection Based on Some Approaches. Quarter 3 CapSLETs.ZCDO. 2020)
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What I Have Learned
Directions: Fill the gaps using the correct word/s or term/s to capsulize the content of this
Module. Write the expected answers on a separate sheet.
It is (1) ______ to critique a literary selection. In fact, it involves several (2) ______
that serve as (3) ______ in critiquing or evaluating a text. Critiquing a literary text is
important, because its main purpose is to (4) ______ the reader's understanding of any
literary work.
In this Module, there are six approaches in critiquing a literary selection. These are the
following: structuralist/formalist, moralist, Marxist, feminist, historical and reader-
response. Let us try to discuss each of these approaches. One of these approaches is labeled
as a (5) ______, because it asserts a great deal of meaning in a text, depending on certain
reactions. Next is termed as the (6) ______ approach, because it highlights the importance
of events, ideas and attitudes of the time, referring to the literary material that’s written.
The (7) ______ approach is centered on valuing ethical ideals or principles. When using
the (8) ______ approach, the critic analyzes gender-inequality issues. (9) ______ approach
examines how people struggle with life, because they view themselves as part of the social
and political conditions. The (10) ______ emphasizes the form of a literary work and other
literary elements. Hence, all these approaches can really enhance literary skills.
What I Can Do
Knowing how to critique a literary selection involves certain skills. The pandemic
situation poses several threats in our lives. So, while studying or doing your activities at home,
it is time for you to use this threat as an opportunity to learn something.
Begin your venture in using as your social media platform, in order to
practice your skills in studying or critiquing a literary selection. Post a Word Puzzle on your
wall to catch the attention of your fb friends.
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A. Directions: Unscramble the letters to form an approach in
critiquing a literary selection. Write your answers on a
Me
separate sheet. Take a picture of your answers. Afterwards,
post the picture under the comment section of the said
post.
1. CALISTTRUSTUR =
2. OPRES-ERDAERNSE =
3. TSEIMNFI =
4. MRASILTO =
5. MTSARIX =
6. SAHTLCIIRO =
B. Directions: Read and understand the sample critique. Use the preliminary questions to start
the engine in analyzing the text. Write your answers on a separate page. Take a
picture of your answers and send the JPEG file to your English 10
group for further comments.
My Hollywood
“It was a pleasure to work on your book, My Hollywood. As a reader I learned a
great deal about the impact of consumer culture on women and the empty feminine ideals
it promotes. And I learned much about you, a writer, thinker, and woman who has been
brave enough to pull all the stops and reflect on your upbringing and analyze the forces
that have influenced your life. The voice you write with is smart, wisecracking, and honest;
a voice that young women today can relate with. I think your book will speak to many
women who struggle with the same issues you once faced [...] in the process of becoming
a Hollywood desirable.” (“Sample Critique.” The Artful Editor. Accessed December 13,
2020. https://www.artfuleditor.com/sample-critique).
2. Why do you think the writer used the said approach in critiquing the literary selection?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Assessment
B. Directions: Use “My Hollywood” critique as a point of reference to further make a one-
paragraph literary critique of your own. Use a separate sheet in completing this
task. Be guided on the following marks for assessment:
CONTENT 50
LANGUAGE USE 30
ORGANIZATION 20
100
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Additional Activities
A. Directions: Words can wander. Use the clues in items 1-6 to find the 6 approaches in
critiquing a literary selection. Write the possible answers on a separate sheet.
W E S N O P S E R R E D A E R
A M G A N T D G O I W Z Y K P
N X O Z X F H S T E O P B J J
D S T R U C T U R A L I S T D
E F U C A S D L T S I X R A M
R M V R B L R Q Y K C L N K X
W Q H E R H I S T O R I C A L
O I N C Q U D S B Q Y M L O C
R F E M I N I S T M X H Z B M
D A W E U L X V E W H I J E P
S V I A K J P I Z F G O L P F
1. It involves examining, explaining, and defending your personal reaction to a text.
2. Find out what happened around the world, when the literature was done. This was
important, because the author had either consciously or unconsciously fused outside
forces into his literary work.
3. Its purpose is to view literature if it is ethically sound.
4. It calls for the replacement of the governing patriarchal order.
5. It views literature as a social institution with a specific ideological function.
6. It suggests a specific structure or framework that makes up the overall concept.
B. Directions: Analyze the sample critique: “The X Game.” Answer the questions that follow.
Write your answer on a separate sheet.
“This has all the elements of a classic horror story. From the beginning, the main
character, a leader of a mysterious order, turns off the security system inside the manor,
immediately cueing the reader that the protagonist is about to do something clandestine.
There is an underground tunnel and secret doors, and rumors of frightful things inside the
forest. By the end of the prologue, it’s clear from the tropes you use that this is a horror
story with Gothic elements, and that from this point on, things are only going to get
worse—in a delicious, thrilling way.” (“Sample Critique.” The Artful Editor. Accessed
December 13, 2020. https://www.artfuleditor.com/sample-critique).
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1. What is the literary selection about?
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which literary approach did the critic use in analyzing the text?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. If you were to use a Reader-response approach in critiquing “The X Game” selection, how
would you write it? Limit your critique to one-paragraph only.
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Additional
Activities
A.
READER-RESPONSE
HISTORICAL
MORALIST What I Can Do What I Have Learned
FEMINIST
MARXIST A. 1. varied answers
STRUCTURALIST 1. STRUCTURALIST (Possible answer:
2. READER- challenging)
B. RESPONSE 2. approaches
3. FEMINIST 3. tools or vehicles
Varied answers 4. MORALIST 4. enhance
5. MARXIST 5. Reader-response
6. HISTORICAL
6. Historical
Assessment 7. Moralist
B.
8. Feminist
Varied answers 9. Marxist
Varied Answers
10. Structuralist/Form
alist
What’s More
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4
1. Historical 6. Structuralist/Formalist 1. A 7. C
2. Feminist 7. 😊 2. D 8. D
3. Reader-response 8. 😊 3. C 9. B
4. Marxist 9. 😊 4. B 10. A
5. Moralist 10. 😊 5. F
6. E
What’s New What's In What I Know
1. Moralist 1. C 6. TRUE 1. A 6. CORRECT
2. Structuralist/Formalist 2. D 7. FALSE 2. C 7. INCORRECT
3. Feminist 3. C 8. TRUE 3. C 8. INCORRECT
4. Marxist 4. A 9. TRUE 4. A 9. INCORRECT
5. Reader-response 5. C 10. FALSE 5. C 10. CORRECT
6. Historical
Answer Key
References
“A Brief Guide to Reader-Response Criticism.” A Research Guide for Students, August 22, 2018.
https://www.aresearchguide.com/reader-response-criticism.html.
“Critical Approaches to Literature.” --- CRITICAL APPROACHES TO LITERATURE ---. Accessed
December 10, 2020. http://home.olemiss.edu/~egjbp/spring97/litcrit.html.
“Feminist Approaches to Literature.” Great Writers Inspire. Accessed September 5, 2020.
http://writersinspire.org/content/feminist-approaches-literature.
“Historical Criticism.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Accessed December
10, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/art/historical-criticism-literary-criticism.
“Intro to Marxist Literary Theory.” The Nature of Writing, August 3, 2020.
https://natureofwriting.com/courses/writing-about-literature/lessons/marxist-literary-theory/.
Kronauer, Ulrich. “Moralist Literature.” Brill. Brill, April 1, 2011.
https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/religion-past-and-present/moralist-literature-
SIM_14461.
Literary Criticism as a Tool for Interpreting Literature. Accessed December 12, 2020.
https://www.uv.es/~fores/programa/hale_literarycritic.html.
“Moral Criticism.” Oxford Reference. Accessed September 2, 2020.
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100208742.
“Moral - Examples and Definition of Moral.” Literary Devices, May 28, 2017.
https://literarydevices.net/moral/.
Nanci Love, Bay College. “Introduction to Literature.” Lumen. Accessed August 22, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-baycollege-introlit/chapter/reader-response-criticism/.
Napikoski, Linda. “What Is Feminist Literary Criticism?” ThoughtCo. Accessed August 29, 2020.
https://www.thoughtco.com/feminist-literary-criticism-3528960.
Purdue Writing Lab. “Marxist Criticism // Purdue Writing Lab.” Purdue Writing Lab. Accessed
September 1, 2020.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_in_literature/literary_theory_and_
schools_of_criticism/marxist_criticism.html.
“Sample Critique.” The Artful Editor. Accessed December 13, 2020.
https://www.artfuleditor.com/sample-critique.
Study.com. Accessed August 28, 2020. https://study.com/academy/lesson/marxist-criticism-
definition-examples.html.
“The Feminist Approach.” Feminist Criticism of 'Alice'. Accessed August 17, 2020.
https://www.carleton.edu/departments/ENGL/Alice/CritFem1.html.
Writing a Formalist Literary Analysis. Accessed September 1, 2020.
https://www2.bellevuecollege.edu/artshum/materials/engl/silano/fall2005/101lsb/formalistlitana
lyassgn.htm.
Development Team
Writer: Cristina G. Columbres
Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School- Junior High School
Zamboanga City
Editor/QA: Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd
Reviewer: Valeriafides G. Corteza, PhD (Education Program Supervisor)
Layout Artist: Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd
Management Team:
Roy C. Tuballa, EMD, JD, CESO VI
Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
Norma T. Francisco, DM
Mildred D. Dayao, Ed.D.
Valeriafides G. Corteza, PhD
Aida Coyme, Ed. D.
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